Unit4 完形阅读精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 4 完形填空练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 7 Passage 1 7 Passage 2 8 Passage 3 9 拔高篇 11 Passage 1 11 Passage 2 12 Passage 3 13 Passage 4 14 Passage 5 16 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy (浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world. By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.” There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a (n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault (地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and 11 of the quake. In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 1．A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists 2．A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes 3．A．some B．a few C．none D．others 4．A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled 5．A．although B．until C．as D．where 6．A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing 7．A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume 8．A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force 9．A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation 10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket 11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length 12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate 13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider 14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response 15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility 词汇积累 work together 释义：一起工作；合作。 示例：We need to work together to finish this project.（我们需要合作完成这个项目。） consist of 释义：由…… 组成；包含。 示例：The team consists of five people.（这个团队由五个人组成。） install 释义：vt. 安装；安置。 示例：They installed a new air conditioning system.（他们安装了一个新的空调系统。） send a signal to 释义：向…… 发送信号。 示例：The satellite sends a signal to the ground station.（卫星向地面站发送信号。） broadcast 释义：vt. 广播；播送；n. 广播节目。 示例：The news was broadcast on television.（这条新闻在电视上播出。）；a radio broadcast（广播节目）。 detector 释义：n. 探测器；检测器。 示例：a smoke detector（烟雾探测器）。 mistake 释义：n. 错误；过失；vt. 弄错；误解。 示例：make a mistake（犯错误）；I mistook his meaning.（我误解了他的意思。） relatively 释义：adv. 相对地；比较地。 示例：Relatively speaking, this problem is not difficult to solve.（相对来说，这个问题不难解决。） repetition 释义：n. 重复；反复。 示例：Repetition is an important way to learn.（重复是一种重要的学习方式。） can’t wait 释义：迫不及待。 示例：I can't wait to see you.（我迫不及待地想见到你。） rely on 释义：依靠；依赖。 示例：We rely on our parents for support.（我们依靠父母的支持。） blanket 释义：n. 毯子；毛毯；vt. 覆盖；用毯子裹。 示例：a warm blanket（一条温暖的毯子）；The snow blanketed the ground.（雪覆盖了地面。） combine with 释义：与…… 结合；与…… 联合。 示例：We should combine theory with practice.（我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。） magnitude 释义：n. 大小；量级；重要性。 示例：an earthquake of magnitude 7（7 级地震）；the magnitude of the problem（问题的重要性）。 reveal 释义：vt. 显示；透露；揭露。 示例：The investigation revealed some surprising facts.（调查揭示了一些令人惊讶的事实。） warn…of… 释义：警告…… 有…… 危险。 示例：The sign warns of falling rocks.（这个标志警告有落石危险。） response to 释义：对…… 的回应；对…… 的反应。 示例：His response to the question was very clever.（他对这个问题的回答很聪明。） bother to do 释义：费心去做；特意去做。 示例：She didn't bother to answer his question.（她懒得回答他的问题。） a false sense of security 释义：一种虚假的安全感。 示例：Relying too much on technology can give people a false sense of security.（过度依赖技术会给人一种虚假的安全感。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 译文 为了预防由海啸引发的灾难，几个国家共同努力扩大使用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）开发的海啸探测系统。 分析“To prevent tsunami-caused disasters” 是目的状语，表示 “为了预防由海啸引发的灾难”；“several countries” 是主语，表示 “几个国家”；“worked together” 是谓语动词短语，表示 “共同努力”；“to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system” 是目的状语，表示 “为了扩大使用一种海啸探测系统”；“that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)” 是定语从句，修饰 “tsunami-detecting system”，表示 “由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）开发的海啸探测系统”。 【2】The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them blanket the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and location of the quake. 译文 日本的预警系统不仅依赖海啸测量仪，还依赖地震测量仪 —— 该国覆盖着一千个地震测量仪，这是任何地方最密集的网络 —— 再结合一个计算机模型，该模型可根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。 分析“The Japanese warning system” 是主语，表示 “日本的预警系统”；“relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers” 是谓语部分，表示 “不仅依赖海啸测量仪，还依赖地震测量仪”；“a thousand of them blanket the country, the densest network anywhere” 是同位语，对 “seismometers” 进行补充说明，其中 “a thousand of them” 指的是 “一千个地震测量仪”，“blanket the country” 表示 “覆盖该国”，“the densest network anywhere” 表示 “任何地方最密集的网络”；“combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and location of the quake” 是过去分词短语作状语，表示方式，其中 “combined with” 表示 “结合”，“a computer model” 是宾语，“that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and location of the quake” 是定语从句，修饰 “computer model”，表示 “一个可根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸规模的计算机模型”。 翻译练习 1. 这个团队由五名专家组成。(consist of) 2. 与大城市相比，这个小镇的生活成本相对较低。(relatively) 3. 成功往往依赖于持续的努力和坚定的信念。(rely on) 4. 理论应该与实践相结合，才能发挥最大的作用。(combine with) 5. 警方警告市民要小心网络诈骗。(warn…of…) 6. 他甚至懒得去回复那封邮件。(bother to do) 答案解析 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了防止海啸引起的灾害，几个国家共同努力，扩大使用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局在美国开发的海啸探测系统。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。 3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。 5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue目录；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文““I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.”(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。 基础篇 Passage 1 Thomas became a hero at 61. One night, his family had already gone to 1 . In the house next to Thomas’ lived a mom, a little boy and a little girl. The mom had been preparing dinner. Feeling 2 , she forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa. When she 3 , the house was full of fire and smoke. 4 the girl and her mom ran out, but the boy was left inside. The mom 5 knocking on Thomas’ door. He got up quickly and went to answer the door. The woman 6 and asked Thomas to help her son, who was in the 7 . Thomas told his wife to call 911, and quickly went to 8 . Thomas 9 rushed into the house to save the boy. He was crawling (爬行) on his 10 and knees, trying to find the boy. It was 11 with no electricity, and the wood panels were burning and making his hands blister (起水疱). At this point, he didn’t care; his 12 was to save the boy. Finally, he found the boy 13 in the hallway unconscious (昏迷的). He picked up the boy and ran out. When they finally got outside, Thomas performed CPR on the boy and made him come back to life. Thomas was later 14 the Government Award for his bravery. He was also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism. Thomas’s story is a great example of someone being 15 . 1．A．hospital B．work C．church D．bed 2．A．annoyed B．disappointed C．frightened D．tired 3．A．came over B．walked around C．woke up D．looked down 4．A．Luckily B．Accidentally C．Gradually D．Actually 5．A．stopped B．kept C．forgot D．enjoyed 6．A．waved B．argued C．cried D．promised 7．A．water B．fire C．kitchen D．library 8．A．paint B．sleep C．help D．play 9．A．hesitantly B．lately C．sadly D．bravely 10．A．hands B．eyes C．ears D．feet 11．A．strange B．new C．dark D．clean 12．A．focus B．dream C．plan D．ambition 13．A．reading B．lying C．drinking D．sitting 14．A．recorded B．calmed C．awarded D．prized 15．A．normal B．useless C．important D．selfless Passage 2 On December 26, 2004, a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean. This earthquake, which is the third 1 ever recorded in history, caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 2 . About 230,000 people were 3 by the disaster. Hundreds of thousands of others were injured 4 disappeared. One of them is a little 5 named Wati. The tsunami 6 her hometown of Aceh when she was only 3 years old. Like so many others, the huge waves separated her from her family, and she was 7 to an unknown town. After days of 8 , her family eventually gave up and thought she had 9 . However, Wati had been 10 by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami. The stranger had tried to find her family, but Wati could not 11 the names of her parents and only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham. 12 later, a taxi driver who heard Wati’s story happened to know an old man with that name in a nearby town and decided to take her to him. Although the old man did not 13 her at first, he took Wati to see his 14 . “When I saw my mother, I knew it was her,” said the 15-year-old Wati. “I just knew.” The parents recognized their daughter 15 because of the birthmark on the body. 1. A．weakest B．strongest C．quickest D．deepest 2. A．castles B．parks C．goals D．shores 3. A．frightened B．saved C．killed D．helped 4. A．or B．and C．but D．so 5. A．boy B．pet C．girl D．town 6. A．hit B．cut C．pushed D．missed 7. A．sold B．washed(冲走) C．invited D．asked 8. A．wait B．walk C．fight D．search 9. A．died B．won C．run away D．checked in 10. A．hidden B．rescued C．bought D．refused 11. A．write B．show C．remember D．see 12. A．Days B．Weeks C．Months D．Years 13. A．know B．recognize C．want D．understand 14. A．daughter B．mother C．son D．father 15. A．anxiously B．calmly C．officially D．immediately Passage 3 Last week, firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call. It was about a (n) 1 house fire. On learning about the news, they 2 at once. When they arrived at the spot, they were 3 that the owners were away on a tour, which greatly 4 the firefighters’ worries. However, their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house, which was really 5 . After several failed 6 , the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door and 7 to save Lottie. While other firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the fire, Richard and Katie took care of Lottie. The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 8 when they touched her. Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 9 after 20 minutes. Her eyes gradually 10 . To aid Lottie further, she was then 11 placed in an oxygen tent overnight and was expected to regain her full health. Reflecting on the operation, Kenny McLaughlin, the Crew Manager at Lincoln South fire station and incident commander, couldn’t hide his 12 for his team. “Our firefighters’ immediate response is worth 13 . Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 14 people and animals from burning houses, but at the same time we 15 the danger it means to both us and those trapped in the fire. In this case, Lottie was lucky enough to keep alive.” So far, the cause of the fire has still been unknown. 1. A．unfamiliar B．sudden C．expected D．previous 2. A．turned around B．broke down C．set off D．gave up 3. A．informed B．promised C．warned D．taught 4. A．proved B．increased C．replaced D．relieved 5. A．unnecessary B．unlucky C．unavoidable D．unbelievable 6. A．attempts B．experiments C．comparisons D．examinations 7. A．remembered B．happened C．managed D．hesitated 8. A．mistake B．reaction C．progress D．difference 9. A．satisfaction B．aging C．success D．recovery 10. A．opened B．narrowed C．watered D．lowered 11. A．bravely B．secretly C．carefully D．accidentally 12. A．responsibility B．admiration C．pity D．desire 13. A．checking B．considering C．explaining D．praising 14. A．saving B．comforting C．reporting D．following 15. A．remove B．control C．know D．explore 拔高篇 Passage 1 A powerful earthquake with a 1 of 7.8 struck southern Turkey and northern Syria on February 6th, 2023. The quake caused widespread destruction, killing over 40,000 people and obliterating entire cities. The aftermath of the disaster was captured in before and after photographs, revealing the extensive damage and the immense task of 2 . During the terrifying 65 seconds before dawn on that fateful day, large sections of cities in southeast Turkey were 3 by the ground, resulting in a death toll exceeding 50,000. Bridges 4 , roads and airport runways cracked, and millions of lives in 11 Turkish provinces were thrown into chaos as the rest of the country awoke to the horrifying reality. The initial earthquake, which was felt as far 5 as Egypt, was followed by thousands of 6 , including one with a magnitude of 7.5 later that day. Over 850,000 buildings were reduced to 7 in the initial quake and its aftershocks. In the Syrian border province of Hatay, where the ancient city of Antioch (now known as Antakya) once stood as a 8 of Muslim and Christian civilizations, only 250,000 of the original 1.7 million residents 9 . The disaster posed a significant political challenge for President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who faced re-election that year. Criticized for the slow response of 10 , which left many initial survivors 11 beneath rubble in freezing temperatures, the seasoned leader pledged to construct 650,000 housing units within a year. Eleven months after the disaster, the construction of 307,000 housing units has commenced, with 46,000 already 12 , according to data from the environment and urbanization ministry. In the 13 , families who chose to stay in the disaster zone and were unable to secure alternative accommodation have been provided with metal container 14 , similar in size to small studios. These containers have access to running water and electricity, offering a safe and warm environment. However, families have few remaining 15 , and their immediate future remains uncertain. 1. A．force B．magnitude C．impact D．effect 2. A．reconstruction B．destruction C．creation D．imagination 3. A．swallowed B．consumed C．buried D．hidden 4. A．collapsed B．stood C．appeared D．remained 5. A．off B．away C．near D．out 6. A．aftershocks B．quakes C．disasters D．tremors 7. A．dust B．ashes C．ruins D．debris 8. A．cradle B．birth C．origin D．source 9. A．survive B．remain C．exist D．persist 10. A．rescuers B．volunteers C．helpers D．assistants 11. A．buried B．trapped C．enclosed D．confined 12. A．completed B．started C．begun D．stopped 13. A．meantime B．present C．interval D．time 14. A．flats B．boxes C．homes D．gardens 15. A．belongings B．houses C．wealth D．things Passage 2 Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which 1 ran down to the river. My younger brother was getting 2 and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to 3 him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more 4 , the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher 5 just in case it got to the street level. Later, we 6 a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs. Finally, we decided to 7 . The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from 8 our bottom floor. We left to spend the 9 with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had 10 further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house. The 11 moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which 12 at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its 13 was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We 14 it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable 15 I had ever seen. 1. A．fast B．slowly C．actually D．eventually 2. A．excited B．nervous C．curious D．disappointed 3. A．turn B．lay C．calm D．break 4. A．hours B．degree C．meters D．days 5. A．level B．ground C．speed D．house 6. A．made B．sold C．covered D．moved 7. A．swim B．separate C．leave D．stay 8. A．reaching B．flooding C．entering D．destroying 9. A．weekend B．money C．holiday D．night 10. A．fallen B．run C．risen D．washed 11. A．funniest B．scariest C．strangest D．greatest 12. A．lies B．operates C．keeps D．spreads 13. A．height B．length C．depth D．width. 14. A．stood by B．waved at C．looked through D．walked across 15. A．flood B．building C．view D．sport Passage 3 Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 3 to offer his help. "What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 4 and don't know what to do now. Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 6 . “How can it be?” he asked. Thomas smiled 7 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again.” Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 11 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ” And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 14 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth. 1. A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm 2. A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust 3. A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in 4. A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless 5. A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element 6. A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride 7. A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully 8. A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural 9. A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon 10. A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious 11. A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised 12. A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received 13. A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed 14. A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe 15. A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause Passage 4 Sea levels along coastlines in the United States will rise about one foot by 2050, with larger increases on the East and Gulf coasts, according to a comprehensive new report by climate scientists. Oceans have already risen about one foot in the last century, as climate change melts glaciers (冰川) and ice caps around the world. But the pace is 1 scientists warn, and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100. The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level 2 ever published for the U.S. And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas make it possible to see the future more 3 than ever. Sea level rise 4 dramatically for different parts of the U.S. coast. The ocean is not like a bucket of water that rises at the same time as more liquid is 5 . Ocean 6 push more water into some areas than others. Ice in different regions melts at different rates. In many parts of the world, sea level rise is 7 because coastal land is sinking. The new report adds up all those factors to give 8 estimates for different parts of the U.S. The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050, with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi, where exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water is causing the land to rapidly 9 into the rising ocean water. There are 10 hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region, including Annapolis, Md. and Norfolk, Va. Overall, the East Coast is 11 to experience a little more than a foot of sea level rise in the next 30 years. Sea level rise is happening more 12 on the West Coast, including much of southern and western Alaska, the report finds. The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050. William Sweet, a sea level rise expert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and one of the authors of the new report, says cities that are not yet flooded should 13 now. Quickening sea level rise may require that humans 14 where and how we build homes, offices, roads and anything else that is better dry than wet. Right now, development in flood-prone (易发洪水的) areas is increasing, despite climate change. Beyond 2050, the report makes clear that humans have a 15 : reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise, or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two, three or even 10 feet higher than today. 1．A．dying down B．paying back C．holding on D．speeding up 2．A．records B．extremes C．predictions D．solutions 3．A．flexibly B．clearly C．randomly D．incredibly 4．A．continues B．impacts C．multiplies D．varies 5．A．added B．drained C．spilt D．needed 6．A．creatures B．currents C．ecosystems D．voyages 7．A．stable B．crucial C．unlikely D．worse 8．A．national B．regional C．apparent D．approximate 9．A．dig B．turn C．collapse D．dive 10．A．similar B．scenery C．distant D．diverse 11．A．projected B．obliged C．permitted D．noticed 12．A．sharply B．mysteriously C．unexpectedly D．slowly 13．A．make sense B．take notice C．keep pace D．stay proud 14．A．scheme B．cancel C．change D．delay 15．A．promise B．quarrel C．choice D．protest Passage 5 After five long years, it appears California’s drought is finally becoming less severe. 1 a recent string of storms, more than a third of the state has now welcomed healthy precipitation (降水量), and California’s snowpack—a(n) 2 source of water as the year progresses—has reached nearly twice its seasonal average in some parts of the Sierra Nevada. That’s a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state 3 drought conditions. It’s also welcome news for Californians, who have faced a series of water 4 since Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in early 2014. Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production. The state’s water struggles, 5 , are far from over. For one, nobody knows for sure how long these rains will last. Although recent precipitation has been 6 —in some places more than 80 inches—the accuracy of storm forecasting remains 7 beyond a week. Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would bring record levels of precipitation. It never 8 . “Will six weeks from now be wet?” asks Jeanine Jones, California’s interstate water-resources manager. “The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.” 9 , a storm slowdown is a very real possibility—and it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer. 10 , when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface. But those 11 remain used up after years of drought; restoring them could take years in some places, says Jones. The quick inrush of water has also created a(n) 12 balancing act for water managers. Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also 13 the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. To that end, water managers opened the Sacramento Weir floodgates earlier this month to pour reservoir water into nearby fields after 14 showed local water levels would likely continue to rise. That’s a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months. For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever may happen. “We’re halfway through our wettest season, and conditions have been encouraging,” she says. “I would say we’re 15 optimistic.” 1. A．According to B．With respect to C．Thanks to D．In addition to 2. A．official B．exhaustible C．unexpected D．crucial 3. A．experienced B．improved C．worsened D．investigated 4. A．pollution B．restrictions C．pressure D．cycles 5. A．nevertheless B．therefore C．meanwhile D．moreover 6. A．accurate B．plentiful C．consistent D．emergent 7. A．productive B．unchangeable C．progressive D．unreliable 8. A．fell behind B．broke down C．came about D．took off 9. A．Or else B．In other words C．At that point D．Above all 10. A．Literally B．Contrarily C．Historically D．Consequently 11. A．levels B．formations C．struggles D．reserves 12. A．random B．delicate C．mechanical D．insensible 13. A．heightens B．assumes C．minimizes D．identifies 14. A．restorations B．calculations C．conditions D．projections 15. A．hopelessly B．extremely C．guardedly D．cheerfully $$ Unit 4 完形填空练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 7 Passage 1 7 Passage 2 10 Passage 3 13 拔高篇 17 Passage 1 17 Passage 2 21 Passage 3 24 Passage 4 28 Passage 5 32 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy (浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world. By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.” There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a (n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault (地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and 11 of the quake. In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 1．A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists 2．A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes 3．A．some B．a few C．none D．others 4．A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled 5．A．although B．until C．as D．where 6．A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing 7．A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume 8．A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force 9．A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation 10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket 11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length 12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate 13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider 14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response 15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility 词汇积累 work together 释义：一起工作；合作。 示例：We need to work together to finish this project.（我们需要合作完成这个项目。） consist of 释义：由…… 组成；包含。 示例：The team consists of five people.（这个团队由五个人组成。） install 释义：vt. 安装；安置。 示例：They installed a new air conditioning system.（他们安装了一个新的空调系统。） send a signal to 释义：向…… 发送信号。 示例：The satellite sends a signal to the ground station.（卫星向地面站发送信号。） broadcast 释义：vt. 广播；播送；n. 广播节目。 示例：The news was broadcast on television.（这条新闻在电视上播出。）；a radio broadcast（广播节目）。 detector 释义：n. 探测器；检测器。 示例：a smoke detector（烟雾探测器）。 mistake 释义：n. 错误；过失；vt. 弄错；误解。 示例：make a mistake（犯错误）；I mistook his meaning.（我误解了他的意思。） relatively 释义：adv. 相对地；比较地。 示例：Relatively speaking, this problem is not difficult to solve.（相对来说，这个问题不难解决。） repetition 释义：n. 重复；反复。 示例：Repetition is an important way to learn.（重复是一种重要的学习方式。） can’t wait 释义：迫不及待。 示例：I can't wait to see you.（我迫不及待地想见到你。） rely on 释义：依靠；依赖。 示例：We rely on our parents for support.（我们依靠父母的支持。） blanket 释义：n. 毯子；毛毯；vt. 覆盖；用毯子裹。 示例：a warm blanket（一条温暖的毯子）；The snow blanketed the ground.（雪覆盖了地面。） combine with 释义：与…… 结合；与…… 联合。 示例：We should combine theory with practice.（我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。） magnitude 释义：n. 大小；量级；重要性。 示例：an earthquake of magnitude 7（7 级地震）；the magnitude of the problem（问题的重要性）。 reveal 释义：vt. 显示；透露；揭露。 示例：The investigation revealed some surprising facts.（调查揭示了一些令人惊讶的事实。） warn…of… 释义：警告…… 有…… 危险。 示例：The sign warns of falling rocks.（这个标志警告有落石危险。） response to 释义：对…… 的回应；对…… 的反应。 示例：His response to the question was very clever.（他对这个问题的回答很聪明。） bother to do 释义：费心去做；特意去做。 示例：She didn't bother to answer his question.（她懒得回答他的问题。） a false sense of security 释义：一种虚假的安全感。 示例：Relying too much on technology can give people a false sense of security.（过度依赖技术会给人一种虚假的安全感。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 译文 为了预防由海啸引发的灾难，几个国家共同努力扩大使用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）开发的海啸探测系统。 分析“To prevent tsunami-caused disasters” 是目的状语，表示 “为了预防由海啸引发的灾难”；“several countries” 是主语，表示 “几个国家”；“worked together” 是谓语动词短语，表示 “共同努力”；“to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system” 是目的状语，表示 “为了扩大使用一种海啸探测系统”；“that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)” 是定语从句，修饰 “tsunami-detecting system”，表示 “由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）开发的海啸探测系统”。 【2】The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them blanket the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and location of the quake. 译文 日本的预警系统不仅依赖海啸测量仪，还依赖地震测量仪 —— 该国覆盖着一千个地震测量仪，这是任何地方最密集的网络 —— 再结合一个计算机模型，该模型可根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。 分析“The Japanese warning system” 是主语，表示 “日本的预警系统”；“relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers” 是谓语部分，表示 “不仅依赖海啸测量仪，还依赖地震测量仪”；“a thousand of them blanket the country, the densest network anywhere” 是同位语，对 “seismometers” 进行补充说明，其中 “a thousand of them” 指的是 “一千个地震测量仪”，“blanket the country” 表示 “覆盖该国”，“the densest network anywhere” 表示 “任何地方最密集的网络”；“combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and location of the quake” 是过去分词短语作状语，表示方式，其中 “combined with” 表示 “结合”，“a computer model” 是宾语，“that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and location of the quake” 是定语从句，修饰 “computer model”，表示 “一个可根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸规模的计算机模型”。 翻译练习 1. 这个团队由五名专家组成。(consist of) This team consists of five experts. 2. 与大城市相比，这个小镇的生活成本相对较低。(relatively) Compared with big cities, the living cost of this small town is relatively low. 3. 成功往往依赖于持续的努力和坚定的信念。(rely on) Success often relies on continuous efforts and firm beliefs. 4. 理论应该与实践相结合，才能发挥最大的作用。(combine with) Theory should combine with practice to play the greatest role. 5. 警方警告市民要小心网络诈骗。(warn…of…) The police warn citizens of online fraud. 6. 他甚至懒得去回复那封邮件。(bother to do) He didn't even bother to reply to that email. 答案解析 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了防止海啸引起的灾害，几个国家共同努力，扩大使用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局在美国开发的海啸探测系统。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。 3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。 5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue目录；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文““I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.”(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。 基础篇 Passage 1 Thomas became a hero at 61. One night, his family had already gone to 1 . In the house next to Thomas’ lived a mom, a little boy and a little girl. The mom had been preparing dinner. Feeling 2 , she forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa. When she 3 , the house was full of fire and smoke. 4 the girl and her mom ran out, but the boy was left inside. The mom 5 knocking on Thomas’ door. He got up quickly and went to answer the door. The woman 6 and asked Thomas to help her son, who was in the 7 . Thomas told his wife to call 911, and quickly went to 8 . Thomas 9 rushed into the house to save the boy. He was crawling (爬行) on his 10 and knees, trying to find the boy. It was 11 with no electricity, and the wood panels were burning and making his hands blister (起水疱). At this point, he didn’t care; his 12 was to save the boy. Finally, he found the boy 13 in the hallway unconscious (昏迷的). He picked up the boy and ran out. When they finally got outside, Thomas performed CPR on the boy and made him come back to life. Thomas was later 14 the Government Award for his bravery. He was also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism. Thomas’s story is a great example of someone being 15 . 1．A．hospital B．work C．church D．bed 2．A．annoyed B．disappointed C．frightened D．tired 3．A．came over B．walked around C．woke up D．looked down 4．A．Luckily B．Accidentally C．Gradually D．Actually 5．A．stopped B．kept C．forgot D．enjoyed 6．A．waved B．argued C．cried D．promised 7．A．water B．fire C．kitchen D．library 8．A．paint B．sleep C．help D．play 9．A．hesitantly B．lately C．sadly D．bravely 10．A．hands B．eyes C．ears D．feet 11．A．strange B．new C．dark D．clean 12．A．focus B．dream C．plan D．ambition 13．A．reading B．lying C．drinking D．sitting 14．A．recorded B．calmed C．awarded D．prized 15．A．normal B．useless C．important D．selfless 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了61岁的Thomas不顾个人安慰，勇敢营救火灾中的小男孩的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，他的家人已经上床睡觉了。A. hospital医院；B. work工作；C. church教堂；D. bed床。根据前文“One night”和后文“He got up quickly and went to answer the door.”可知，晚上他已经上床睡觉，后来被叫醒，立马起床。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得很累，就忘了食物，在沙发上睡着了。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. tired疲劳的。根据后文“she forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa”可知，她很累，在沙发上睡着了。故选D项。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她醒来时，屋子里充满了火和烟。A. came over过来；B. walked around四处走动；C. woke up醒来；D. looked down往下看。根据前文“fell asleep on a sofa”和后文“the house was full of fire and smoke”可知，她醒来发现屋子着火了。故选C项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，女孩和她妈妈跑了出去，但男孩被留在了里面。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Accidentally偶然地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Actually事实上。根据后文“the girl and her mom ran out”可知，着火了，女孩和妈妈跑出去了，这是幸运的。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位妈妈不停地敲Thomas的门。A. stopped停止；B. kept保持，继续；C. forgot忘记；D. enjoyed欣赏。根据上文“the house was full of fire and smoke”、“but the boy was left inside”和后文“asked Thomas to help her son”可知，因为房子着火但是还有孩子留在屋内，因此那位妈妈一直敲Thomas的门，向他求助。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个女人哭着请求Thomas帮助她在火里的儿子。A. waved挥动；B. argued争论；C. cried哭喊；D. promised承诺。根据前文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中，妈妈哭喊着请人去营救。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. water水；B. fire火；C. kitchen厨房；D. library图书馆。根据语境和前文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas告诉他的妻子打911，并迅速去帮忙。A. paint用染料画；B. sleep睡觉；C. help帮助；D. play玩。根据前文“asked Thomas to help her son”和后文“Thomas ___9___ rushed into the house to save the boy.”可知，妈妈请求去帮忙，Thomas迅速去帮忙。故选C项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas勇敢地冲进房子去救那个男孩。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. lately最近；C. sadly伤心地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据后文“rushed into the house to save the boy”可知，Thomas冲进房子去救那个男孩，表现非常勇敢。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用手和膝盖爬着，试图找到那个男孩。A. hands手；B. eyes眼；C. ears耳朵；D. feet脚。根据前文“He was crawling(爬行)”可知，他用手和膝在地上爬行。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：屋里很黑，没有电，木板在燃烧，他的手都起了水泡。A. strange奇怪的；B. new新的；C. dark黑暗的；D. clean干净的。根据后文“with no electricity”可知，没有电，屋里很黑。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，他不在乎；他的重点是救那个男孩。A. focus焦点，重点；B. dream梦想；C. plan计划；D. ambition雄心。根据前文“At this point, he didn’t care”和后文“to save the boy”可知，他不在乎自己的处境，重点是救人。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他发现那个男孩躺在走廊里不省人事。A. reading读；B. lying躺；C. drinking喝；D. sitting坐着。根据后文“in the hallway unconscious(昏迷的)”可知，男孩躺在那里不省人事。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas后来因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。A. recorded记录；B. calmed使镇静；C. awarded授予；D. prized珍视。根据后文“the Government Award for his bravery”以及“He was also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism.”可知，Thomas因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas的故事是无私的一个很好的例子。A. normal正常的；B. useless无用的；C. important重要的；D. selfless自私的。根据前文“At this point, he didn’t care; his___12___ was to save the boy.”可知，Thomas不顾个人安危，勇敢救人，所以说他是无私的。故选D项。 Passage 2 On December 26, 2004, a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean. This earthquake, which is the third 1 ever recorded in history, caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 2 . About 230,000 people were 3 by the disaster. Hundreds of thousands of others were injured 4 disappeared. One of them is a little 5 named Wati. The tsunami 6 her hometown of Aceh when she was only 3 years old. Like so many others, the huge waves separated her from her family, and she was 7 to an unknown town. After days of 8 , her family eventually gave up and thought she had 9 . However, Wati had been 10 by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami. The stranger had tried to find her family, but Wati could not 11 the names of her parents and only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham. 12 later, a taxi driver who heard Wati’s story happened to know an old man with that name in a nearby town and decided to take her to him. Although the old man did not 13 her at first, he took Wati to see his 14 . “When I saw my mother, I knew it was her,” said the 15-year-old Wati. “I just knew.” The parents recognized their daughter 15 because of the birthmark on the body. 1. A．weakest B．strongest C．quickest D．deepest 2. A．castles B．parks C．goals D．shores 3. A．frightened B．saved C．killed D．helped 4. A．or B．and C．but D．so 5. A．boy B．pet C．girl D．town 6. A．hit B．cut C．pushed D．missed 7. A．sold B．washed(冲走) C．invited D．asked 8. A．wait B．walk C．fight D．search 9. A．died B．won C．run away D．checked in 10. A．hidden B．rescued C．bought D．refused 11. A．write B．show C．remember D．see 12. A．Days B．Weeks C．Months D．Years 13. A．know B．recognize C．want D．understand 14. A．daughter B．mother C．son D．father 15. A．anxiously B．calmly C．officially D．immediately 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了了在经历地震引起的海啸之后，Wati与家人失散。经过多年后，与家人重聚的故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次地震是历史上有记录以来第三强的地震，引发了强大的海啸，波及许多国家的海岸。A. weakest最弱的；B. strongest最强的；C. quickest最迅速的；D. deepest最深的。根据上文“On December 26, 2004, a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean.”可知，这次地震是历史上有记录以来第三强的地震。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. castles城堡；B. parks公园；C. goals目标；D. shores海岸。根据“caused powerful tsunamis (海啸)”可知，海啸波及了许多国家的海岸。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约23万人在这场灾难中丧生。A. frightened使惊吓；B. saved拯救；C. killed杀死；D. helped帮助。根据上文“This earthquake, which is the third 　　1　　 ever recorded in history, caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 　　2　　.”可知，由于地震强度大，并引起了海啸，杀死了大约23万人。故选C。 4．考查连词词义辨析。句意：另有数十万人受伤或失踪。A. or或者；B. and和；C. but但是；D. so因此。根据“injured ”和“disappeared”可知，受伤和失踪是两种情况，需用or连接。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中有一个叫瓦蒂的小女孩。A. boy男孩；B. pet宠物；C. girl女孩；D. town小镇。根据下文“when she was only 3 years old”可知，Wati是一个小女孩。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸袭击了她的家乡亚齐，当时她只有3岁。A. hit打击，袭击；B. cut切；C. pushed推；D. missed思念，错过。根据下文“Like so many others, the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，海啸袭击了她的家乡。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和其他许多人一样，巨浪把她和家人分开了，她被冲到了一个不知名的小镇。A. sold卖；B. washed冲走；C. invited邀请；D. asked问。根据“the huge waves separated her from her family,”可知，她被巨浪冲到了一个不知名的小镇。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几天的搜寻，她的家人最终放弃了，以为她已经死了。A. wait等待；B. walk散步；C. fight战斗；D. search搜索。根据上文“the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，Wati失踪了，因此家人寻找她。故选D。 9．考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. died死亡；B. won赢；C. run away逃跑；D. checked in登记入住。根据“After days of 　　8　　, her family eventually gave up”可知，家人放弃寻找她，认为她已经死了。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，海啸过后，一位陌生人在街上发现了瓦蒂，并把她救了出来。A. hidden隐藏；B. rescued营救；C. bought买；D. refused拒绝。根据“by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami.”可知，Wati被一个陌生人救了。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：陌生人试图找到她的家人，但瓦蒂不记得她父母的名字，只知道她有一个叫易卜拉欣的祖父。A. write写；B. show展示；C. remember记得；D. see看见。根据“but”和“only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham”可知，Wati不记得父母的名字。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，一位出租车司机听说了瓦蒂的故事，碰巧认识附近镇上一位名叫瓦蒂的老人，于是决定带她去见他。A. Days天；B. Weeks周；C. Months月；D. Years年。根据上文“when she was only 3 years old”和“said the 15-year-old Wati”可知，此处表示经过多年以后。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然老人一开始没有认出她，但他还是带着瓦蒂去看他的女儿。A. know知道；B. recognize识别，认出；C. want想要；D. understand理解。根据“Although the old man did not”可知，老人一开始没有认出她。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. daughter女儿；B. mother妈妈；C. son儿子；D. father爸爸。根据““When I saw my mother, I knew it was her,” said the 15-year-old Wati.”可知，老人带Wati去见自己的女儿，也就是Wati的妈妈。故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于女儿身上的胎记，父母立刻认出了他们的女儿。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. calmly镇静地；C. officially官方地；D. immediately立刻，马上。根据“because of the birthmark on the body.”可知，Wati的父母因为她身上的胎记，立刻认出了她。故选D。 Passage 3 Last week, firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call. It was about a (n) 1 house fire. On learning about the news, they 2 at once. When they arrived at the spot, they were 3 that the owners were away on a tour, which greatly 4 the firefighters’ worries. However, their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house, which was really 5 . After several failed 6 , the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door and 7 to save Lottie. While other firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the fire, Richard and Katie took care of Lottie. The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 8 when they touched her. Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 9 after 20 minutes. Her eyes gradually 10 . To aid Lottie further, she was then 11 placed in an oxygen tent overnight and was expected to regain her full health. Reflecting on the operation, Kenny McLaughlin, the Crew Manager at Lincoln South fire station and incident commander, couldn’t hide his 12 for his team. “Our firefighters’ immediate response is worth 13 . Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 14 people and animals from burning houses, but at the same time we 15 the danger it means to both us and those trapped in the fire. In this case, Lottie was lucky enough to keep alive.” So far, the cause of the fire has still been unknown. 1. A．unfamiliar B．sudden C．expected D．previous 2. A．turned around B．broke down C．set off D．gave up 3. A．informed B．promised C．warned D．taught 4. A．proved B．increased C．replaced D．relieved 5. A．unnecessary B．unlucky C．unavoidable D．unbelievable 6. A．attempts B．experiments C．comparisons D．examinations 7. A．remembered B．happened C．managed D．hesitated 8. A．mistake B．reaction C．progress D．difference 9. A．satisfaction B．aging C．success D．recovery 10. A．opened B．narrowed C．watered D．lowered 11. A．bravely B．secretly C．carefully D．accidentally 12. A．responsibility B．admiration C．pity D．desire 13. A．checking B．considering C．explaining D．praising 14. A．saving B．comforting C．reporting D．following 15. A．remove B．control C．know D．explore 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了林肯郡的消防队员在灭火过程中营救一条狗的故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是关于一场突如其来的房屋火灾。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. sudden突然的；C. expected预期的；D. previous以前的。根据常识和前文“firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call.”可知，火灾是突然发生的。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一听到这个消息，他们立刻出发了。A. turned around转弯；B. broke down抛锚；C. set off启程，出发；D. gave up放弃。根据前文“On learning about the news”可知，消防员一听到火灾的消息，立刻出发。故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们到达现场时，他们被告知主人外出旅游了，这大大减轻了消防员的担忧。A. informed通知；B. promised承诺；C. warned警告；D. taught教学。根据后文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，主人外出旅游的消息是有人告诉消防员的。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. proved证明；B. increased增加；C. replaced取代；D. relieved解除，减轻。根据前文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，火灾中没有人员被困，消防员感到轻松。故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们可爱的狗，Lottie，留在了房子里，这真的很不幸。A. unnecessary不必的；B. unlucky不幸的；C. unavoidable难以避免的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据前文“their lovely dog, Lottie, remained inside the house”可知，他们的爱狗被困火灾，这也是不幸的。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几次失败的尝试，消防队员成功地从后厨房的门进入了烟雾弥漫的房子，并设法救出了Lottie。A. attempts企图，尝试；B. experiments实验；C. comparisons比较；D. examinations检查。根据后文“the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door”可知，消防员经过几次尝试才进了房间。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remembered记住；B. happened发生；C. managed管理，设法做到；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“to save Lottie”可知，他们进了房间，设法营救那条狗。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只平时毛茸茸的白狗现在完全被烟熏黑了，更糟糕的是，当他们碰她时，她没有任何反应。A. mistake错误；B. reaction反应；C. progress进步；D. difference区别。根据前文“The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse”和后文“when they touched her”可知，狗被烟熏的晕过去了，碰它没有反应。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：戴上特制的宠物口罩，20分钟后，洛蒂就有了恢复的迹象。A. satisfaction满意；B. aging老化；C. success成功；D. recovery恢复。根据前文“Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩)”可知，经过特殊处理，狗才有了恢复的迹象。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的眼睛渐渐睁开了。A. opened打开；B. narrowed缩小；C. watered浇灌；D. lowered降低。根据前文“Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩) , Lottie showed signs of 　　9　　 after 20 minutes.”可知，狗有了恢复的迹象，慢慢睁开眼睛。故选A项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了进一步帮助Lottie，她被小心地放在一个氧气帐篷里过夜，并有望完全恢复健康。A. bravely勇敢地；B. secretly秘密地；C. carefully小心地；D. accidentally意外地。根据前文“The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse, she made no 　　8　　 when they touched her.”可知，狗被烟熏受伤，被小心地放进一个氧气帐篷。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想起这次行动，林肯南消防站的机组经理兼事故指挥官Kenny McLaughlin无法掩饰对他的团队的赞赏。A. responsibility责任；B. admiration钦佩，赞赏；C. pity同情，可惜；D. desire欲望。根据后文“Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 　　14　　 people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫冲进房间拯救生命，他对自己的团队很赞赏。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们消防员的即时反应值得赞扬。A. checking检查；B. considering考虑；C. explaining解释；D. praising赞扬。根据后文“Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 　　14　　 people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫冲进房间拯救生命，他认为消防员值得赞扬。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到我们从燃烧的房屋中拯救人和动物的责任时，没有人犹豫，但与此同时，我们知道这对我们和那些被困在火中的人来说意味着危险。A. saving拯救；B. comforting安慰；C. reporting报告；D. following跟随。根据语境和后文“people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员从燃烧的房屋中拯救人和动物。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remove移除；B. control控制；C. know知道，懂得；D. explore探索。根据后文“it means to both us and those trapped in the fire”可知，消防员知道营救工作对他们和那些被困在火中的人来说意味着危险。故选C项。 拔高篇 Passage 1 A powerful earthquake with a 1 of 7.8 struck southern Turkey and northern Syria on February 6th, 2023. The quake caused widespread destruction, killing over 40,000 people and obliterating entire cities. The aftermath of the disaster was captured in before and after photographs, revealing the extensive damage and the immense task of 2 . During the terrifying 65 seconds before dawn on that fateful day, large sections of cities in southeast Turkey were 3 by the ground, resulting in a death toll exceeding 50,000. Bridges 4 , roads and airport runways cracked, and millions of lives in 11 Turkish provinces were thrown into chaos as the rest of the country awoke to the horrifying reality. The initial earthquake, which was felt as far 5 as Egypt, was followed by thousands of 6 , including one with a magnitude of 7.5 later that day. Over 850,000 buildings were reduced to 7 in the initial quake and its aftershocks. In the Syrian border province of Hatay, where the ancient city of Antioch (now known as Antakya) once stood as a 8 of Muslim and Christian civilizations, only 250,000 of the original 1.7 million residents 9 . The disaster posed a significant political challenge for President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who faced re-election that year. Criticized for the slow response of 10 , which left many initial survivors 11 beneath rubble in freezing temperatures, the seasoned leader pledged to construct 650,000 housing units within a year. Eleven months after the disaster, the construction of 307,000 housing units has commenced, with 46,000 already 12 , according to data from the environment and urbanization ministry. In the 13 , families who chose to stay in the disaster zone and were unable to secure alternative accommodation have been provided with metal container 14 , similar in size to small studios. These containers have access to running water and electricity, offering a safe and warm environment. However, families have few remaining 15 , and their immediate future remains uncertain. 1. A．force B．magnitude C．impact D．effect 2. A．reconstruction B．destruction C．creation D．imagination 3. A．swallowed B．consumed C．buried D．hidden 4. A．collapsed B．stood C．appeared D．remained 5. A．off B．away C．near D．out 6. A．aftershocks B．quakes C．disasters D．tremors 7. A．dust B．ashes C．ruins D．debris 8. A．cradle B．birth C．origin D．source 9. A．survive B．remain C．exist D．persist 10. A．rescuers B．volunteers C．helpers D．assistants 11. A．buried B．trapped C．enclosed D．confined 12. A．completed B．started C．begun D．stopped 13. A．meantime B．present C．interval D．time 14. A．flats B．boxes C．homes D．gardens 15. A．belongings B．houses C．wealth D．things 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2023年2月6日土耳其南部和叙利亚北部发生的7.8级强烈地震造成的灾难。地震导致4万多人死亡，整座城市被夷为平地，建筑被摧毁，数百万人陷入混乱。灾难过后，政府面临巨大的重建任务，尽管目前已有部分住房完工，但仍有许多家庭无法获得合适的住所，政府提供的集装箱房屋虽然提供了基本设施，但很多人的未来仍不确定。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2023年2月6日，土耳其南部和叙利亚北部发生7.8级强烈地震。A. force力量；B. magnitude震级；C. impact影响；D. effect效果。根据上文“A powerful earthquake”和下文“of 7.8”可知，此处是描述这场地震的量级，固定表达a magnitude of“……级”用于说明地震的级别，表示7.8级的强烈地震。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：灾难发生前后的照片记录了灾难的后果，揭示了巨大的破坏和重建的艰巨任务。A. reconstruction重建；B. destruction破坏；C. creation创造；D. imagination想象。根据上文“The quake caused widespread destruction, killing over 40,000 people and obliterating entire cities.”可知，地震将整座城市夷为平地，因此灾后重建的任务很艰巨。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那致命的一天，黎明前可怕的65秒里，土耳其东南部大部分城市被地面吞没，死亡人数超过5万人。A. swallowed吞没；B. consumed消耗；C. buried埋藏；D. hidden隐藏。根据发生地震的情境，以及上文“large sections of cities in southeast Turkey”可推知，城市会被震动的地面吞没。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：桥梁倒塌，道路和机场跑道破裂，土耳其11个省的数百万人陷入混乱，全国其他地区都意识到这一可怕的现实。A. collapsed倒塌；B. stood站立；C. appeared出现；D. remained保持。根据发生地震的情境，以及上文“Bridges”可推知，地震中桥梁倒塌了。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初的地震远在埃及都有震感，随后发生了数千次余震，其中包括当天晚些时候的7.5级地震。A. off关闭；B. away远离；C. near附近；D. out外出。根据上文“A powerful earthquake with a _____1_____ of 7.8 struck southern Turkey and northern Syria”可知，这场地震的强度非常大，再结合上文“was felt as far”和下文“as Egypt”可推知，此处指远在埃及都有震感。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最初的地震远在埃及都有震感，随后发生了数千次余震，其中包括当天晚些时候的7.5级地震。A. aftershocks余震；B. quakes地震；C. disasters灾难；D. tremors颤动。根据下文“in the initial quake and its aftershocks”可知，最初的地震后又发生了数千次余震。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一次地震及其余震中，超过85万幢建筑沦为废墟。A. dust灰尘；B. ashes灰烬；C. ruins废墟；D. debris碎片。根据下文“in the initial quake and its aftershocks”可推知，第一次地震及其余震会让建筑变成废墟。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在叙利亚边境省份哈塔伊，曾经是穆斯林和基督教文明摇篮的古城安提阿（现在被称为安塔基亚），原来的170万居民只剩下25万人。A. cradle摇篮；B. birth诞生；C. origin起源；D. source来源。根据上文“the ancient city of Antioch”和下文“of Muslim and Christian civilizations”可知，此处描述安提阿古城的重要地位，应该曾经是穆斯林和基督教文明摇篮，固定表达a cradle of civilization意为“文明的摇篮”，表示孕育了文明。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在叙利亚边境省份哈塔伊，曾经是穆斯林和基督教文明摇篮的古城安提阿（现在被称为安塔基亚），原来的170万居民只剩下25万人。A. survive幸存；B. remain剩下；C. exist存在；D. persist坚持。根据发生地震的情境，以及上文“only 250,000 of the original 1.7 million residents”可推知，因为地震摧毁了城市，很多居民都离开了，现在只剩下25万人。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于救援人员反应迟缓，许多最初的幸存者被困在冰冷的废墟下，这位经验丰富的领导人承诺在一年内建造65万套住房。A. rescuers救援人员；B. volunteers志愿者；C. helpers帮手；D. assistants助手。根据下文“which left many initial survivors _____11_____ beneath rubble in freezing temperatures”可知，很多幸存者被困在冰冷的废墟下，因此是救援人员反应迟缓。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于救援人员反应迟缓，许多最初的幸存者被困在冰冷的废墟下，这位经验丰富的领导人承诺在一年内建造65万套住房。A. buried埋藏；B. trapped困住；C. enclosed封闭；D. confined限制。根据下文“beneath rubble in freezing temperatures”可推知，幸存者应该被困在冰冷的废墟下。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据环境和城市化部的数据，灾难发生11个月后，30.7万套住房已经开工建设，其中4.6万套已经完工。A. completed完成；B. started开始；C. begun开始；D. stopped停止。根据上文“the construction of 307,000 housing units has commenced”可知，30.7万套住房已经开工建设，由此推知，此处指其中4.6万套已经完工。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，选择留在灾区的家庭无法获得其他住所，他们被提供了金属集装箱房屋，大小与小型工作室相似。A. meantime其间；B. present现在；C. interval间隔；D. time时间。根据上文“In the”可推知，此处用固定表达in the meantime“与此同时”，其他名词没有该用法。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，选择留在灾区的家庭无法获得其他住所，他们被提供了金属集装箱房屋，大小与小型工作室相似。A. flats公寓；B. boxes箱子；C. homes家；D. gardens花园。根据上文“families who chose to stay in the disaster zone and were unable to secure alternative accommodation”可知，这些家庭无法获得其他住所，因此会被提供金属集装箱房屋。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些家庭几乎没有剩余的财产，他们近期的未来仍不确定。A. belongings财产；B. houses房屋；C. wealth财富；D. things物品。根据上文表示转折的“However”和下文“their immediate future remains uncertain”可推知，虽然他们暂时有了安身之处，但是因为没有剩余的财产，所以近期的未来仍不确定。故选A。 Passage 2 Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which 1 ran down to the river. My younger brother was getting 2 and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to 3 him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more 4 , the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher 5 just in case it got to the street level. Later, we 6 a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs. Finally, we decided to 7 . The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from 8 our bottom floor. We left to spend the 9 with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had 10 further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house. The 11 moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which 12 at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its 13 was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We 14 it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable 15 I had ever seen. 1. A．fast B．slowly C．actually D．eventually 2. A．excited B．nervous C．curious D．disappointed 3. A．turn B．lay C．calm D．break 4. A．hours B．degree C．meters D．days 5. A．level B．ground C．speed D．house 6. A．made B．sold C．covered D．moved 7. A．swim B．separate C．leave D．stay 8. A．reaching B．flooding C．entering D．destroying 9. A．weekend B．money C．holiday D．night 10. A．fallen B．run C．risen D．washed 11. A．funniest B．scariest C．strangest D．greatest 12. A．lies B．operates C．keeps D．spreads 13. A．height B．length C．depth D．width. 14. A．stood by B．waved at C．looked through D．walked across 15. A．flood B．building C．view D．sport 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在洪水期间的经历。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一次，有大量的降雨和山洪暴发，进一步向北，最终流向河流。A. fast快速地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. actually实际上；D. eventually最终。根据前文“Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north”可知，山洪最终流到了河里。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的弟弟变得很紧张，认为我们应该撤离。A. excited兴奋的；B. nervous紧张的；C. curious好奇的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“We spent hours trying to ____3____ him down.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们花了几个小时试图让他平静下来。A. turn转动；B. lay放置；C. calm使平静；D. break打破。根据前文“My younger brother was getting ____2____ and thought we should evacuate.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张，作者他们在努力让他平静下来。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：又过了几个小时，水位比我们之前看到的要高得多，我们认为最好把车移到地势较高的地方，以防水位上升到街道的高度。A. hours小时；B. degree度数；C. meters米；D. days天。根据前文“We spent hours trying to ____3____ him down.”可知，此处表示几个小时后。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：又过了几个小时，水位比我们之前看到的要高得多，我们认为最好把车移到地势较高的地方，以防水位上升到街道的高度。A. level水平；B. ground地面；地方；C. speed速度；D. house房子。根据前文“the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before”可知，把车开到更高的地方，以防水位涨到街道的高度。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我们把很多家具和电子设备搬到了楼上。A. made制造；B. sold销售；C. covered覆盖；D. moved移动。根据后文“Finally, we decided to ____7____.”可知，此他们要离开，所以把很多家具和电子设备搬到了楼上。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们决定离开。A. swim游泳；B. separate分离；C. leave离开；D. stay停留。根据后文“We left to spend the ____9____ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by.”可知，水位越来越高，他们不得不离开。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：水越来越接近街道的高度，这意味着到达我们的底层只有一英尺的距离了。A. reaching到达；B. flooding淹没；C. entering进入；D. destroying破坏。根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level,”可知，洪水快淹到达他们房子的底层了。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们离开家去住在附近的表弟家过夜。A. weekend周末；B. money金钱；C. holiday假期；D. night晚上。根据前文“Finally, we decided to ____7____.”和后文“but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house.”可知，他们要离开家，所以去表弟家过夜。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们听说水涨得更高了，但不知道有多深，因为天已经黑了，我们从表弟的房子里什么也看不见。A. fallen落下；B. run跑；C. risen上升；D. washed洗。根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from ____8____ our bottom floor.”可知，此处表示洪水又涨了。故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最可怕的时刻是我们终于看到我们的房子的时候。A. funniest最有趣的；B. scariest最可怕的；C. strangest最奇怪的；D. greatest最伟大的。根据后文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable ____15____ I had ever seen.”可知，看到他们的房子时，这是最可怕的时刻。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们房子后面有一所高中，它坐落在这座大山的山脚下，有一个高架椭圆形体育场就在我们房子后面。A. lies躺；位于；B. operates操作；C. keeps保持；D. spreads传播。根据后文“at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house.”可知，这所高中就在他们房子后面，lie“位于”符合语境。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其高度处的水与椭圆的水平面相距约2英寸。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. depth深度；D. width宽度。根据前文“about 2 inches from being level with the oval.”可知，此处表示水的高度。故选A。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们穿过去视察我们的房子。A. stood by袖手旁观；B. waved at向……挥手；C. looked through浏览；D. walked across穿过。根据前文“The water at its ____13____ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval.”可知，他们穿过运动场去看房子。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我们二楼卧室的窗户上拍打着水，这是我见过的最令人难以置信的景象。A. flood洪水；B. building建筑物；C. view风景；D. sport运动。根据前文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house”可知，此处表示看到的景象，也是作者见过的最令人难以置信的景象。故选C。 Passage 3 Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 3 to offer his help. "What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 4 and don't know what to do now. Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 6 . “How can it be?” he asked. Thomas smiled 7 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again.” Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 11 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ” And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 14 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth. 1. A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm 2. A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust 3. A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in 4. A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless 5. A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element 6. A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride 7. A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully 8. A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural 9. A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon 10. A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious 11. A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised 12. A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received 13. A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed 14. A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe 15. A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了。A. force武力；B. smoke烟雾；C. war战争；D. storm风暴，暴风雨。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄被泥土覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了。A. mud泥浆；B. grass 草；C. mist雾；D. dust灰尘。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的邻居，一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人，过来帮忙。A. went on继续；B. set off出发；C. came by过来；D. burst in闯进。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和后文“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到绝望，不知道现在该怎么办。A. special特殊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为这不是灾难，而是机会，”他说。A. opportunity机会；B. agreement协议；C. intention意图；D. element要素。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。 6．考查固定短语辨析。句意：Whitaker难以置信地看着他，问道:“这怎么可能？”A. as usual和往常一样；B. in disbelief难以置信；C. on purpose故意地；D. with pride骄傲地。根据后文的“How can it be?”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. innocently无辜地；B. gratefully感激地；C. politely礼貌地；D. cheerfully高兴地。根据前文的“smiled”和后文“Now you have a chance to try something new”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. major主要的；B. traditional传统的；C. different不同的；D. natural自然的。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. restore恢复；B. exchange交换；C. donate捐赠；D. abandon放弃。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和后文“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展。A. formal正式的；B. diverse多样的；C. realistic现实主义的；D. obvious明显的。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways.”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你启发了我，”Whitaker说。A. informed通知；B. demanded需要；C. enlightened启发；D. promised许诺。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，认为这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是Whitaker种上了新作物，很快，农场又充满了生机。A. tasted品尝；B. planted种植；C. shared共享；D. received收到。根据后文的“new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以看出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. careful小心的；B. troubled陷入困境的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. diversify (使)多样化；B. remove去除；C. deliver交付；D. observe看到。根据前文的“You can diversify”、“Thomas was right”和“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。A. manner方式；B. dream梦想；C. symbol象征；D. cause原因。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。 Passage 4 Sea levels along coastlines in the United States will rise about one foot by 2050, with larger increases on the East and Gulf coasts, according to a comprehensive new report by climate scientists. Oceans have already risen about one foot in the last century, as climate change melts glaciers (冰川) and ice caps around the world. But the pace is 1 scientists warn, and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100. The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level 2 ever published for the U.S. And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas make it possible to see the future more 3 than ever. Sea level rise 4 dramatically for different parts of the U.S. coast. The ocean is not like a bucket of water that rises at the same time as more liquid is 5 . Ocean 6 push more water into some areas than others. Ice in different regions melts at different rates. In many parts of the world, sea level rise is 7 because coastal land is sinking. The new report adds up all those factors to give 8 estimates for different parts of the U.S. The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050, with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi, where exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water is causing the land to rapidly 9 into the rising ocean water. There are 10 hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region, including Annapolis, Md. and Norfolk, Va. Overall, the East Coast is 11 to experience a little more than a foot of sea level rise in the next 30 years. Sea level rise is happening more 12 on the West Coast, including much of southern and western Alaska, the report finds. The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050. William Sweet, a sea level rise expert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and one of the authors of the new report, says cities that are not yet flooded should 13 now. Quickening sea level rise may require that humans 14 where and how we build homes, offices, roads and anything else that is better dry than wet. Right now, development in flood-prone (易发洪水的) areas is increasing, despite climate change. Beyond 2050, the report makes clear that humans have a 15 : reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise, or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two, three or even 10 feet higher than today. 1．A．dying down B．paying back C．holding on D．speeding up 2．A．records B．extremes C．predictions D．solutions 3．A．flexibly B．clearly C．randomly D．incredibly 4．A．continues B．impacts C．multiplies D．varies 5．A．added B．drained C．spilt D．needed 6．A．creatures B．currents C．ecosystems D．voyages 7．A．stable B．crucial C．unlikely D．worse 8．A．national B．regional C．apparent D．approximate 9．A．dig B．turn C．collapse D．dive 10．A．similar B．scenery C．distant D．diverse 11．A．projected B．obliged C．permitted D．noticed 12．A．sharply B．mysteriously C．unexpectedly D．slowly 13．A．make sense B．take notice C．keep pace D．stay proud 14．A．scheme B．cancel C．change D．delay 15．A．promise B．quarrel C．choice D．protest 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了根据气候科学家的一份综合新报告，到2050年，美国海岸线的海平面将上升约一英尺。在这个过程中，虽然各个地区的海平面上升程度不同，但是东部和海湾海岸的海平面上升幅度会更大。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但科学家警告称，海平面上升的速度正在加快，未来30年的海平面上升幅度将与前100年持平。A. dying down逐渐衰弱；B. paying back偿还；C. holding on抓住；D. speeding up加速。根据下文“and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100”可知，接下来30年的海平面上升速度和前100的速度持平，说明海平面的上升速度在加快。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告给出了美国有史以来最具体、最确定的海平面预测。A. records记录；B. extremes极端；C. predictions预测；D. solutions解决方案。根据下文“And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas”可知，这份报告是基于计算机模型和海平面上升的真实信息做出的预测，这次预测非常确定而且具体。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：计算机模型和有关海平面上升的真实世界信息的进步使我们有可能比以往任何时候都更清楚地看到未来。A. flexibly灵活地；B. clearly清楚地；C. randomly随机地；D. incredibly难以置信地。根据上文“The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level 　　2　　 ever published for the U.S.”可知，这次的预测是最确定，并且最具体的，说明这次预测能够让人们更清楚的看到未来。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国海岸不同地区的海平面上升差异很大。A. continues继续；B. impacts影响；C. multiplies乘以；D. varies(大小、形状等)相异。根据下文“Ice in different regions melts at different rates.”可知，不同区域的冰融化的程度不同，所以美国海岸不同地区的海平面上升的差异是很大的。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海洋不像一桶水在添加更多液体的同时上升。A. added加上；B. drained排干；C. spilt溢出；D. needed需要。根据句中“like a bucket of water that rises at the same time”可知，桶里的水上升是因为液体被加入到了桶里。故选A。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：洋流将比其他地区更多的水推入某些地区。A. creatures生物；B. currents水流；C. ecosystems生态系统；D. voyages航程。根据常识以及空后“push more water into some areas than others”可知，洋流推动了海洋的水流动，将比其他地区更多的水推入某些地区。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在世界许多地方，海平面上升的情况更糟，因为沿海土地正在下沉。A. stable稳定的；B. crucial关键的；C. unlikely不太可能的；D. worse更糟的。根据空后“because coastal land is sinking”可知，海平面在上升，而有些沿海的土地正在下沉，所以让情况变得更糟糕。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新报告将所有这些因素相加，得出了美国不同地区的区域估计。A. national国家的；B. regional区域的；C. apparent显然的；D. approximate大约的。根据下文“There are 　　10　　 hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region, including Annapolis, Md. and Norfolk, Va.”可知，这份报告把所有的因素相加，对美国不同的地区做出评估，得出了结论。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者预测，到2050年，墨西哥湾沿岸的海平面将上升约1.5英尺，特别是从得克萨斯州到密西西比州的热点地区，那里的地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采正在导致土地迅速坍塌到不断上升的海水中。A. dig挖；B. turn转动；C. collapse塌陷；D. dive潜水。根据空前的“exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water ”可知，地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采会导致该区域的土地坍塌。故选C。 10．考查形容词或名词词义辨析。句意：大西洋中部地区也有类似的热点地区，包括马里兰州安纳波利斯和弗吉尼亚州诺福克。A. similar类似的；B. scenery风景；C. distant远处的；D. diverse多种多样的。根据上文“The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050, with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi, where exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water is causing the land to rapidly 　　9　　 into the rising ocean water.”可知，墨西哥湾沿岸的海平面将上升约1.5英尺，特别是从得克萨斯州到密西西比州的热点地区，那里的地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采正在导致土地迅速坍塌到不断上升的海水中，而且在大西洋中部地区也有类似的热点地区，也就是说在这里也有海平面快速上升的情况。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总体而言，预计未来30年东海岸的海平面将上升一英尺多一点。A. projected计划；B. obliged义务；C. permitted允许；D. noticed注意到。根据句中“in the next 30 years”可知，在未来的30年，东海岸的海平面预计上升一英尺多一点。be projected to do sth.“预计做某事”。故选A。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：报告发现，西海岸的海平面上升速度较慢，包括阿拉斯加南部和西部的大部分地区。A. sharply急剧地；B. mysteriously神秘地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料的是；D. slowly慢速地。根据下文“The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050. ”可知，作者预测，到2050年，海平面将上升约6英寸，说明西海岸的海平面上升速度比东海岸慢。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的海平面上升专家、新报告的作者之一William Sweet表示，尚未被洪水淹没的城市现在应该注意了。A. make sense有道理；B. take notice注意；C. keep pace保持配速；D. stay proud保持自豪。根据下文“Quickening sea level rise may require that humans 　　14　　 where and how we build homes, offices, roads and anything else that is better dry than wet.”可知，没有被洪水淹没的城市也应该注意，在建造房屋等建筑物时需要改变地点以及建筑的方式。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：加速上升的海平面可能需要人类改变我们在何处以及如何建造房屋、办公室、道路和其他任何干燥而不潮湿的地方。A. scheme认为；B. cancel取消；C. change改变；D. delay延迟。根据句中“Quickening sea level rise”可知，加速上升的海平面可能会改变人们建筑的方式和地点。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告明确指出，在2050年之后，人类有一个选择：减少温室气体排放，控制海平面上升，或者继续燃烧化石燃料，面对比今天高出2、3甚至10英尺的海洋。A. promise承诺；B. quarrel争吵；C. choice选择；D. protest抗议。根据下文“reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise, or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two, three or even 10 feet higher than today”可知，减少温室气体排放，控制海平面上升，或者继续燃烧化石燃料，面对比今天高出2、3甚至10英尺的海洋，这是人类面临的一个选择。故选C。 Passage 5 After five long years, it appears California’s drought is finally becoming less severe. 1 a recent string of storms, more than a third of the state has now welcomed healthy precipitation (降水量), and California’s snowpack—a(n) 2 source of water as the year progresses—has reached nearly twice its seasonal average in some parts of the Sierra Nevada. That’s a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state 3 drought conditions. It’s also welcome news for Californians, who have faced a series of water 4 since Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in early 2014. Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production. The state’s water struggles, 5 , are far from over. For one, nobody knows for sure how long these rains will last. Although recent precipitation has been 6 —in some places more than 80 inches—the accuracy of storm forecasting remains 7 beyond a week. Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would bring record levels of precipitation. It never 8 . “Will six weeks from now be wet?” asks Jeanine Jones, California’s interstate water-resources manager. “The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.” 9 , a storm slowdown is a very real possibility—and it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer. 10 , when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface. But those 11 remain used up after years of drought; restoring them could take years in some places, says Jones. The quick inrush of water has also created a(n) 12 balancing act for water managers. Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also 13 the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. To that end, water managers opened the Sacramento Weir floodgates earlier this month to pour reservoir water into nearby fields after 14 showed local water levels would likely continue to rise. That’s a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months. For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever may happen. “We’re halfway through our wettest season, and conditions have been encouraging,” she says. “I would say we’re 15 optimistic.” 1. A．According to B．With respect to C．Thanks to D．In addition to 2. A．official B．exhaustible C．unexpected D．crucial 3. A．experienced B．improved C．worsened D．investigated 4. A．pollution B．restrictions C．pressure D．cycles 5. A．nevertheless B．therefore C．meanwhile D．moreover 6. A．accurate B．plentiful C．consistent D．emergent 7. A．productive B．unchangeable C．progressive D．unreliable 8. A．fell behind B．broke down C．came about D．took off 9. A．Or else B．In other words C．At that point D．Above all 10. A．Literally B．Contrarily C．Historically D．Consequently 11. A．levels B．formations C．struggles D．reserves 12. A．random B．delicate C．mechanical D．insensible 13. A．heightens B．assumes C．minimizes D．identifies 14. A．restorations B．calculations C．conditions D．projections 15. A．hopelessly B．extremely C．guardedly D．cheerfully 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了加州今年干旱减轻的现状，以及一些新的担忧。 1．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来了健康的降水量，随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内华达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. According to根据；B. With respect to关于；C. Thanks to由于；D. In addition to除了。根据上文“After five long years, it appears California’s drought is finally becoming less severe. (经过漫长的五年，加州的干旱似乎终于减轻了。)”可知，干旱得到缓解，而下文指出的就是缓解的原因。故选C项。 2．考查形容词辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来了健康的降水量, 随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内华达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. official官方的；B. exhaustible用得尽的；C. unexpected未料想的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据本句“snowpack (积雪)”可知，积雪是重要水源。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干旱。A. experienced经历；B. improved提升；C. worsened恶化；D. investigated调查。根据本句搭配“every inch of the state(该州的每一寸土地)”和“drought conditions (干旱状况)”可知，此处指的是这个州去年暑假到处都很干旱，即经历了干旱。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对加州人来说也是个好消息，自2014年初州长杰里·布朗宣布进入紧急状态以来，他们面临着一系列的用水限制。A. pollution污染；B. restrictions限制；C. pressure压力；D. cycles循环。根据下文“Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production. (农民们被迫花费巨资来维持生产。)”可知，因为干旱，包括农民在内的加州人遭受了很多麻烦，这是因为政府限制用水。故选B项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，该州的水资源斗争远未结束。A. nevertheless然而；B. therefore因此；C. meanwhile同时；D. moreover而且。根据上文“That’s a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state experienced drought conditions. (与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干旱。)”可知，上文指出情况有好转，但本段接着却说斗争未结束，这是一个不好的现象，即前后文存在转折关系。故选A项。 6．考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸，但风暴预报的准确性在一周后仍然不可靠。A. accurate精准的；B. plentiful丰富的；C. consistent连贯的；D. emergent紧急的。根据本句破折号后的说明“in some places more than 80 inches (一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸)”可知，降雨量充足。故选B项。 7．考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸，但对一周以后的风暴预报的准确性仍然不可靠。A. productive多产的；B. unchangeable无法改变的；C. progressive进步的；D. unreliable靠不住的。根据下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there. (这种预测的技巧尚未存在)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，可推测准确性不可靠。故选D项。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这从来没有发生过。A. fell behind落后；B. broke down出故障；C. came about出现；D. took off腾飞。根据上文“Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would bring record levels of precipitation. (加州人非常清楚这一点：去年，专家预测“哥斯拉”厄尔尼诺现象将带来创纪录的降水量。)”可知，专家预测了降水；而下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there. (这种预测的技巧尚未存在。)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，因此专家的推测并不准确，其推测的创纪录的降水量并未出现。故选C项。 9．考查短语辨析。句意：换句话说，风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。A. Or else要不然；B. In other words换言之；C. At that point就在那时；D. Above all总之。根据本句“a storm slowdown is a very real possibility—and it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer. (风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。)”可知，此处延续上文，继续描述对降水量的推测，即是换一种方式说明上文提及的预测。故选B项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：历史上，当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。A. Literally字面意思地；B. Contrarily反之；C. Historically在历史上；D. Consequently因此。根据本句“when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface (当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，此句描述的是以前发生这种情况时的处理方法，即历史上的处理方法。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的干旱，这些储备仍然耗尽；琼斯说，在某些地方，修复它们可能需要数年时间。A. levels水平；B. formations构成；C. struggles挣扎；D. reserves储备。根据上文“Historically, when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface. (历史上，当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，以前发生干旱时，都会借助储存在地表深层的地下水，这是水储备的一种方式。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水的快速涌入也为水资源管理者创造了一种易被破坏的平衡行为。A. random随机的；B. delicate易被破坏的；C. mechanical机械的；D. insensible无知觉的。根据下文“Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also heightens the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. (保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未来风暴来袭，也会增加洪水的风险。)”可知，水的快速涌入很容易破坏平衡，同时可能造成干旱和洪水，即这种平衡很容易被破坏。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未来风暴来袭，也会增加洪水的风险。A. heightens使变高，使加强；B. assumes认为；C. minimizes最小化；D. identifies认出。根据本句前半句“Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell (保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性)”可知，这能防止干旱的可能性，但转折连词but说明下半句并列句与上文转折，即在提高防止干旱的可能性的同时也增加了洪水的可能性。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为此，在预测显示当地水位可能会继续上升后，水务管理人员于本月早些时候打开了萨克拉门托堰的闸门，将水库水倒入附近的田地。A. restorations恢复；B. calculations计算；C. conditions状况；D. projections预测。根据下文“That’s a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months. (这是未来几个月将在全州范围内进行的计算。)”可知，此处提及的未来几个月将会进行计算就是一种预测。故选D项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我想说，我们谨慎乐观。”A. hopelessly无望地；B. extremely极其；C. guardedly谨慎地；D. cheerfully开心地。根据上文“For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever may happen. (不过，目前，无论发生什么，琼斯专注于规划和确保该州的供水。)”可知，虽然目前状况令人鼓舞，但是琼斯表示还需专注于供水，故可知情况乐观但也需谨慎对待。故选C项。 $$