Unit4 七选五精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 4 七选五练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 4 Passage 1 4 Passage 2 4 Passage 3 5 Passage 4 6 Passage 5 7 拔高篇 8 Passage 1 8 Passage 2 9 Passage 3 10 Passage 4 11 Passage 5 12 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ Flash floods can strike without warning. They can hit when you’re hiking in a river valley, walking through a canyon, or even simply driving to a remote destination. You can minimize your risk by knowing how to prepare for the worst and how to escape when a flood begins. 1 Before heading out, check the weather report, look at any flood warnings and take them seriously. 2 Dr Steven Kugath, an outdoor recreation professor, notes that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising. The smart thing to do is cancel the activity or move it to a safer location. Be careful of any visual signs of danger and your surroundings while walking or hiking in a tight space. 3 Besides, always know where you are and where the nearest escape routes can be found in the event of sudden flooding. What if, despite your preparations, you find yourself stuck in a dangerous place when flooding begins? Move to higher ground immediately, away from rivers and streams. If the situation is urgent, leave behind your possessions. 4 If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters, fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives. 5 Currents can be deceptive (误导的), and shallow, fast moving water can knock you off your feet. Moreover, don’t swim through fast-flowing water — you may get swept away or struck by an object in the water. A．Avoid walking through moving water. B．No bag or equipment is worth your life. C．It takes hours for the flood waters to move away. D．Hundreds of people die due to drowning inside their vehicles. E．Be careful not to let your excitement drive you to take any chances. F．Keep these tips in mind the next time you head out for an outdoor adventure. G．The sudden arrival of dark clouds during a perfectly sunny day is one obvious sign. 词汇积累 minimize动词，意思是“使减少到最低限度；最小化；降低”。例如：“We need to minimize the risks.”（我们需要把风险降到最低。） prepare for意思是“为......做准备”。比如：“You should prepare for the exam well.”（你应该好好为考试做准备。） take sth seriously“认真对待某事”。例如：“You must take your health seriously.”（你必须认真对待自己的健康。） be careful of表示“小心；注意；当心”。例如：“Be careful of the slippery road.”（小心路滑。） in the event of“万一；倘若；如果......发生”。比如：“In the event of rain, the party will be held indoors.”（如果下雨，聚会将在室内举行。） be stuck in“被困在；陷入；卡住”。例如：“I was stuck in traffic for an hour.”（我堵车堵了一个小时。） leave behind有“留下；遗留；忘带；把......抛在后面”等意思。例如：“Don't leave behind any personal belongings.”（别落下任何个人物品。） carry away“使失去理智；冲走；带走”。例如：“The flood carried away many houses.”（洪水冲走了许多房屋。） knock sb off“撞倒某人；打败某人；使某人减少”。例如：“The cyclist was knocked off his bike by a car.”（那个骑自行车的人被一辆汽车撞倒了。） keep sth in mind“记住某事；牢记某事”。例如：“Please keep this rule in mind.”（请牢记这条规则。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Dr Steven Kugath, an outdoor recreation professor, notes that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising. 译文 户外娱乐教授史蒂文·库加斯博士指出，当人们计划长途跋涉去远足或探索峡谷时，即使天气不佳，他们也常常觉得必须完成这项活动。 分析 “an outdoor recreation professor”是同位语，对“Dr Steven Kugath”进行补充说明。“that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising”是宾语从句。其中，“when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration”是宾语从句中的时间状语从句，“they often feel that they must follow through with the activity”是宾语从句的主句，“even if the weather isn’t promising”是宾语从句中的让步状语从句。 【2】If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters, fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives. 译文 如果你发现自己被汹涌的洪水冲走，要竭尽全力游向一棵高大的树、一根路灯杆或任何你能抓住的坚固的东西，直到救援到来。 分析 “If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters”是条件状语从句， “being carried away by powerful flood waters”是宾语补足语；“fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives”是主句,“as hard as you can”是方式状语，“to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives”是目的状语，其中“that you can hold onto”是定语从句，修饰先行词“anything sturdy”,“until help arrives”是时间状语从句。 翻译练习 1. 为意外做好准备，因为生活常常给我们带来惊喜，做好准备能让我们有力量去面对。(prepare for) 2. 认真对待你的梦想，因为它们是引领你走向充实人生的指路星。(take sth seriously) 3, 小心仓促的决定；它们可能会让你走上一条日后会后悔的道路。(be careful of) 4. 万一失败了，不要放弃，而是把它看作是通往成功的垫脚石。(in the event of) 5. 在追求成功的过程中不要丢弃你的善良，这才是让你的旅程真正有意义的东西。(leave behind) 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ A flood can develop slowly, over time or rapidly, as in the case of flash floods which can develop in just a few minutes and without signs of rain. 1 This is the first thing that a person should do. It is unwise to just depend on history to decide whether your area is at risk of flooding. Create an evacuation plan in case you have to evacuate your home. Pay attention to the safe areas you can go to. Prepare food kits for natural disasters that you can easily take with you if you have to leave your house. 2 If there is a possibility of a flash flood, leave your home and move to higher ground at once. Do not wait for instructions to move. Evacuation may also cause a shortage in the food supply. 3 To survive, one must depend on food storage. While evacuating, avoid walking through moving water. Even six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. 4 Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon (舍弃) the car and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few inches deep. 5 If your car is trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the car. If the water is rising inside the car, move on to the roof (顶部). A．They don’t know where to look for shelter. B．You and the car can be swept away quickly. C．Use a stick to check the ground in front of you. D．Be aware if the area you’re at is at risk of a flood. E．There is no telling when another flood may happen. F．It would help to store food for emergency situations. G．During these conditions, hunger becomes a very real problem. Passage 2 难度⭐⭐ Earthquakes are one type of natural disaster you simply can’t see coming. Earthquake preparation is the best way to deal with a confusing time. Here’s something you need to know about how to prepare for an earthquake. Examine weak points in your home and make a plan to strengthen them. Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things. 1 Push top-heavy pieces such as bookshelves away from beds or sofas, and move the heavier things onto lower shelves. Create an earthquake safety plan with your family. It’s key to create and practice an emergency plan with your family so that everyone knows what to do during a time of an earthquake. Talk about ways each family member can act as a team. 2 3 It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from falling objects or against any inside wall away from windows, bookshelves, or tall furniture that could fall on you. Learn earthquake emergency plans at your workplace, children’s school or daycare center. Disaster can strike at any moment. 4 It’s also wise to make a note of how you plan to communicate with each other and how to let loved ones know you’re safe. Remember that cell phones may be unreliable (不可靠的) after an earthquake. 5 Earthquakes usually last around one minute but if the damage is big enough, you could be trapped for a much longer period of time. You should have a bag containing medical equipment, food, water, flashlights and so on. A．Prepare an emergency bag. B．Prepare for more damage and danger. C．Pick safe spaces in every room to take shelter in. D．The shaking ground could move almost anything. E．It can help reduce fears, especially in young children. F．The preparation depends on a well-practiced plan and ready supplies. G．So it is necessary to learn how to prepare for an earthquake in any environment. Passage 3 How to Prepare for an Earthquake 难度⭐⭐ An earthquake can be a very destructive natural disaster, particularly in the Pacific Rim region. After an earthquake, your home may be a mess and you might be left without a water supply or power. 1 By doing so, you may minimize the damage and injury in and around your home. · Create a disaster plan. Form your plan and know what to do before the earthquake happens. 2 The most important first step is understanding what to do when an earthquake hits. 3 In a real earthquake, this is your number one defense. Drop to the floor, take cover under a firm desk or table and hold on firmly. Namely, drop and cover your head from falling objects. Stay there until the shaking stops. ·Learn basic first aid. There are resources in your community to educate people on how to deal with first aid emergencies. 4 ·Write down and share emergency contact lists. This should include everyone in your home, office, etc. 5 In addition to normal contact information, ask each person to provide an emergency contact as well. A．Stay away from the shaking house. B．Practice “drop, cover and hold on”. C．Then go over your plan on a regular basis. D．Therefore, you can turn to your family for help. E．You need to know how to get in touch with them. F．There are several things you can do to prepare for an earthquake. G．For example, your local Red Cross has classes teaching you the basic skills. Passage 4 Staying Safe in a Vehicle 难度⭐⭐ Wildfires are common in dry, hot climates, but they can happen anywhere. 1 If you ever find yourself facing the threat of a wildfire, it’s important to know what to do to ensure that you and your family remain safe in a vehicle. Ensure that you can breathe. Once you’re in a car, you’ll need to ensure that the car is safely sealed from the smoke surrounding you. 2 Drive if you can. If the vehicle runs and you’re capable of driving it, then do so. But it’s important to drive slowly and keep your headlights on, so that you can see your surroundings and anyone else on the road can see you. 3 If the smoke is too thick to see, it may be safer to park and wait it out. Remain in the vehicle. If the smoke is too thick to see the road, or if you cannot drive the car for any reason, you should remain in the vehicle. 4 You will be more likely to be injured or killed by leaving the vehicle than you would be if you remained inside. Know what to expect. 5 Just remember that no matter what happens, if the fire surrounds the car you should not leave the vehicle. The temperature inside the vehicle will increase considerably. Don’t worry- it’s still safer inside the vehicle than outside. A．Don’t drive through heavy traffic. B．Don’t drive through heavy smoke. C．You need to break a window to enter the vehicle. D．It’s important to know what to expect so that you do not panic. E．Most wildfires start small, often from human causes, but spread very quickly. F．This is crucial, since you will otherwise risk passing out from carbon monoxide (一氧化物). G．You can lie down on the floor of the vehicle and cover yourself with a blanket or coat, if possible. Passage 5 难度⭐⭐ Lightning can strike anyplace on Earth. In fact, there are about 6,000 lightning strikes every minute, which is more than 8 million strikes every day. The risk of being struck by lightning is low, but the consequences of lightning strike injuries are serious. Even though your home is a safe shelter during a lightning storm, you might still be at risk. About one-third of lightning-strike injuries occur indoors. 1 Avoid water. Do NOT bathe, shower, wash dishes, or have any other contact with water during a thunderstorm. 2 3 Do NOT use anything connected to an electrical outlet (电源插座), such as computers, game systems, washers, or stoves. Lightning can travel through electrical systems, radio and television reception systems, and any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring. Avoid windows, doors, porches, and concrete. 4 Do NOT lie on concrete floors or lean on concrete walls during a thunderstorm. Lightning can travel through any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring. Don’t use corded (有线的) phones. Corded phones are NOT safe to use during a thunderstorm. Do NOT use them. 5 Follow the safety measures above can minimize your risk of being injured indoors on lighting days. Don’t take it for granted that only outdoor activities can put you in a dangerous place. Keep it in mind that inappropriate indoor activities can also be disastrous. A．Here are some tips to keep safe and reduce your risk of being struck while indoors. B．In addition, follow up on the latest information about the storm. C．However, it is safe to use cordless or mobile phones during a storm. D．Stay away from windows and doors, and stay off porches. E．Some outdoors measures can keep you safe and prevent you from being attacked. F．Lightning can travel through a building’s water pipe system. G．Don’t touch electronic equipment. 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming. A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well. A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding. There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale. 5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time. A．The rising river threatens people’s lives. B．Floods can be preventable and predictable. C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas. D．And sometimes they come with little warning. E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters. F．They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors. G．Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods. Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Floods can cause major damage to city infrastructure and even deaths. 1 , tragedies caused by floods can be prevented through taking proper measures. Here are 5 key steps to prepare yourself and your family for a flood emergency. Get informed, stay informed One of the best ways to prepare yourself and your loved ones for a flood is to be aware of weather conditions. 2 . If your city has had past history of flooding, do your best to investigate where damage was caused to help you better plan your family safety plan. Update your emergency kits Be sure your emergency kit s are all up-to-date. Ensure they have the proper supplies needed to protect multiple family members. In your prepared bags, you should have 72 hours-worth of food and water along with other essential supplies. 3 . Secure your home Making sure loose items are secure can help to prevent both property damage to your home and bodily injury. Furniture items aren’t the only things that should be secured. Also, take the time to se cure electrical items to prevent them from falling into water. 4 . Having sandbags immediately available can buy you and your family much-needed time when preparing to escape from your home. Practice your emergency plan Make sure your family has an emergency action plan ready to implement (实施) at any moment. Then, practice your emergency action plan with your entire family. This will help each member to directly understand their roles in the plan and give an opportunity to answer any questions that may arise. 5 Of course, natural disasters occur in an instant. Therefore, keep your entire family and all pet family members close and within sight at all times during an emergency situation. A．Pay close attention to the development of current storms B．Floods are too powerful to be stopped C．Keep all family members (pets too!) in sight D．Invest in sandbags and keep them inside your home E．Though floods are among the most dangerous of natural disasters F．Never leave your family or pets behind when floods are coming G．In particular, include life vests along with other waterproof survival items Passage 3 难度⭐⭐⭐ Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age. 1 , but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters. Let’s see how to talk to your children about natural disasters correctly. ● Be honest When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it. 2 . They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on. Give proper explanations or even check books out from the library. ● 3 Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns. Deal with any of their fears, big or small, and provide some kind of comfort. Whether these disasters are happening far away or close to home, they need to know that you will keep them safe. ● Make a plan for your family There is no place on Earth that is free from possibly suffering some type of natural disaster. All families should have a disaster plan and emergency supplies at home. Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children. 4 . ● Talk about the helpers 5 . The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety. A．Answer questions B．Take away your children’s fears C．It is completely natural to be afraid D．They just have to wait with nothing to do E．It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens F．Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children G．Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ The number of people dying in natural disasters is lower today than it was in the past. 1 However, if you can keep your head and find the right place to stay when the ground starts shaking, you might be able to survive. 2 The biggest danger is falling pieces. Since earthquakes happen suddenly without warning, you have to think quickly to stay safe. If you are indoors during an earthquake, remember: “drop, cover and hold on.” Drop: When you feel the ground shaking or something crashing, get down on your hands and knees. 3 Quickly crawl (缓慢行进) under a strong desk or table nearby. Don’t try to run downstairs or walk to a safer place because you might fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow until the shaking stops. Cover: Use one hand to cover your neck and head. 4 If not, move towards a wall inside the building, not the outside walls with windows. Stay on your hands and knees, keeping your hand over your neck for protection. Hold on: Hold onto your desk or table with one hand while keeping the other over your neck and head. Be ready to move with the desk or table. 5 However, if you are outside, driving or at the beach, trying to find something to hide under may not be an option. A．This keeps you from falling over. B．If it is not strong enough, turn to another one. C．Earthquakes can still be destructive, though. D．Then crawl under a desk or table if there’s one close by. E．Advanced technology provides many ways for us to stay safer. F．Remember, don’t try to move until the shaking has completely stopped. G．The safest place during an earthquake is likely an open field with no trees around. Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐ Lightning (闪电) is a beautiful and inspiring phenomenon, but it can be deadly. Over the past 30 years, lightning has killed an average of 67 people per year in the United States alone. 1 . Follow these steps to safety the next time there’s fire in the sky. Find shelter immediately If you find yourself caught in a lightning storm, never stand under a tree, and avoid being close to power lines as they’re both excellent conductors (导体) of electricity and could potentially cause death, if not serious injury. 2 . It’s the key to minimizing danger. Watch out for dangers Windows provide a direct path for the lightning to travel. Keep windows closed, stay away from them and try to stay within inner rooms of the structure. 3 Using a landline phone is the main cause of lightning-related injuries. Lightning can travel into the home from through any material that conducts electricity. This includes landlines, electrical wiring, and plumbing. 4 Being near water is extremely dangerous during a lightning storm, so move away from the body of water. If you are fishing, swimming or on a boat, get out of the water immediately and hurry back to the bank. Stay inside Stay inside at least 30 minutes after the last strike. Don’t go out just because the rain is starting to let up. There is still a significant risk of lightning strikes from a departing storm. 5 . Lightning is dangerous but you can minimize your risk. The advice is simple: increase the awareness of avoiding danger and master proper knowledge to protect yourself from a thunderstorm. A．Get away from the water B．Prepare enough water C．Go to hospital quickly D．Don’t touch anything metal or electrical E．Find shelter near or under a stony shelter F．Wait for news that the danger has passed G．Fortunately, most lightning-related deaths are preventable $$ Unit 4 七选五练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 4 Passage 1 4 Passage 2 6 Passage 3 8 Passage 4 10 Passage 5 12 拔高篇 14 Passage 1 14 Passage 2 16 Passage 3 18 Passage 4 20 Passage 5 22 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ Flash floods can strike without warning. They can hit when you’re hiking in a river valley, walking through a canyon, or even simply driving to a remote destination. You can minimize your risk by knowing how to prepare for the worst and how to escape when a flood begins. 1 Before heading out, check the weather report, look at any flood warnings and take them seriously. 2 Dr Steven Kugath, an outdoor recreation professor, notes that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising. The smart thing to do is cancel the activity or move it to a safer location. Be careful of any visual signs of danger and your surroundings while walking or hiking in a tight space. 3 Besides, always know where you are and where the nearest escape routes can be found in the event of sudden flooding. What if, despite your preparations, you find yourself stuck in a dangerous place when flooding begins? Move to higher ground immediately, away from rivers and streams. If the situation is urgent, leave behind your possessions. 4 If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters, fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives. 5 Currents can be deceptive (误导的), and shallow, fast moving water can knock you off your feet. Moreover, don’t swim through fast-flowing water — you may get swept away or struck by an object in the water. A．Avoid walking through moving water. B．No bag or equipment is worth your life. C．It takes hours for the flood waters to move away. D．Hundreds of people die due to drowning inside their vehicles. E．Be careful not to let your excitement drive you to take any chances. F．Keep these tips in mind the next time you head out for an outdoor adventure. G．The sudden arrival of dark clouds during a perfectly sunny day is one obvious sign. 词汇积累 minimize动词，意思是“使减少到最低限度；最小化；降低”。例如：“We need to minimize the risks.”（我们需要把风险降到最低。） prepare for意思是“为......做准备”。比如：“You should prepare for the exam well.”（你应该好好为考试做准备。） take sth seriously“认真对待某事”。例如：“You must take your health seriously.”（你必须认真对待自己的健康。） be careful of表示“小心；注意；当心”。例如：“Be careful of the slippery road.”（小心路滑。） in the event of“万一；倘若；如果......发生”。比如：“In the event of rain, the party will be held indoors.”（如果下雨，聚会将在室内举行。） be stuck in“被困在；陷入；卡住”。例如：“I was stuck in traffic for an hour.”（我堵车堵了一个小时。） leave behind有“留下；遗留；忘带；把......抛在后面”等意思。例如：“Don't leave behind any personal belongings.”（别落下任何个人物品。） carry away“使失去理智；冲走；带走”。例如：“The flood carried away many houses.”（洪水冲走了许多房屋。） knock sb off“撞倒某人；打败某人；使某人减少”。例如：“The cyclist was knocked off his bike by a car.”（那个骑自行车的人被一辆汽车撞倒了。） keep sth in mind“记住某事；牢记某事”。例如：“Please keep this rule in mind.”（请牢记这条规则。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Dr Steven Kugath, an outdoor recreation professor, notes that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising. 译文 户外娱乐教授史蒂文·库加斯博士指出，当人们计划长途跋涉去远足或探索峡谷时，即使天气不佳，他们也常常觉得必须完成这项活动。 分析 “an outdoor recreation professor”是同位语，对“Dr Steven Kugath”进行补充说明。“that when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration, they often feel that they must follow through with the activity even if the weather isn’t promising”是宾语从句。其中，“when people plan to travel a long way for a hike or canyon exploration”是宾语从句中的时间状语从句，“they often feel that they must follow through with the activity”是宾语从句的主句，“even if the weather isn’t promising”是宾语从句中的让步状语从句。 【2】If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters, fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives. 译文 如果你发现自己被汹涌的洪水冲走，要竭尽全力游向一棵高大的树、一根路灯杆或任何你能抓住的坚固的东西，直到救援到来。 分析 “If you find yourself being carried away by powerful flood waters”是条件状语从句， “being carried away by powerful flood waters”是宾语补足语；“fight as hard as you can to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives”是主句,“as hard as you can”是方式状语，“to get to a tall tree, a street light or anything sturdy (结实) that you can hold onto until help arrives”是目的状语，其中“that you can hold onto”是定语从句，修饰先行词“anything sturdy”,“until help arrives”是时间状语从句。 翻译练习 1. 为意外做好准备，因为生活常常给我们带来惊喜，做好准备能让我们有力量去面对。(prepare for) Prepare for the unexpected, for life often throws surprises our way, and being ready gives us the strength to face them. 2. 认真对待你的梦想，因为它们是引领你走向充实人生的指路星。(take sth seriously) Take your dreams seriously, as they are the guiding stars that lead you to a fulfilling life. 3, 小心仓促的决定；它们可能会让你走上一条日后会后悔的道路。(be careful of) Be careful of hasty decisions; they may lead you down a path you'll later regret. 4. 万一失败了，不要放弃，而是把它看作是通往成功的垫脚石。(in the event of) In the event of failure, don't give up but see it as a stepping stone to success. 5. 在追求成功的过程中不要丢弃你的善良，这才是让你的旅程真正有意义的东西。(leave behind) Don't leave behind your kindness in the pursuit of success; it's what makes your journey truly meaningful. 答案解析 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就出门进行户外探险时怎样降低风险，逃避洪水给出一些建议。 1．上文“Flash floods can strike without warning. They can hit when you’re hiking in a river valley, walking through a canyon, or even simply driving to a remote destination. You can minimize your risk by knowing how to prepare for the worst and how to escape when a flood begins. (山洪暴发可以毫无预警地来袭。当你在河谷徒步旅行，穿过峡谷，甚至只是开车去一个偏远的目的地时，它们都会袭来。你可以通过知道如何做最坏的准备以及如何在洪水开始时逃生来降低风险。)”说明旅行中遇到洪水暴发是危险的，需要早做准备降低风险，选项F“下次你出门进行户外探险时，请记住这些建议。”承接上文，引出文章主题，给出一些户外探险降低风险的建议。故选F项。 2．上文“Before heading out, check the weather report, look at any flood warnings and take them seriously. (出发前，查看天气预报，查看洪水预警，并认真对待。)”建议出发前要查看天气预报、洪水预警，并认真对待可能的灾害；选项E“注意不要让你的兴奋驱使你去冒险。”承接上，建议不要一时兴起，就去冒险。故选E项。 3．上文“Be careful of any visual signs of danger and your surroundings while walking or hiking in a tight space. (在狭窄的空间行走或徒步旅行时，要注意任何危险的视觉迹象和周围环境。)”说明要注意危险的迹象，选项G“晴天突然出现乌云就是一个明显的迹象。”承接上文，例举一个明显的危险迹象。故选G项。 4．上文“If the situation is urgent, leave behind your possessions. (如果情况紧急，丢掉你的财物。)”说明在危急的时候不要顾财不顾命，选项B“没有什么包或装备值得你付出生命。”承接上文，说明任何财物都没有生命重要。故选B项。 5．下文“Currents can be deceptive (误导的), and shallow, fast moving water can knock you off your feet. (水流是具有欺骗性的，而浅的、快速流动的水会把你打翻在地。)”说明流动的水有危险性，选项A“避免在流动的水中行走。”概括引领下文，建议避免在流动的水中行走。故选A项。 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ A flood can develop slowly, over time or rapidly, as in the case of flash floods which can develop in just a few minutes and without signs of rain. 1 This is the first thing that a person should do. It is unwise to just depend on history to decide whether your area is at risk of flooding. Create an evacuation plan in case you have to evacuate your home. Pay attention to the safe areas you can go to. Prepare food kits for natural disasters that you can easily take with you if you have to leave your house. 2 If there is a possibility of a flash flood, leave your home and move to higher ground at once. Do not wait for instructions to move. Evacuation may also cause a shortage in the food supply. 3 To survive, one must depend on food storage. While evacuating, avoid walking through moving water. Even six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. 4 Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon (舍弃) the car and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few inches deep. 5 If your car is trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the car. If the water is rising inside the car, move on to the roof (顶部). A．They don’t know where to look for shelter. B．You and the car can be swept away quickly. C．Use a stick to check the ground in front of you. D．Be aware if the area you’re at is at risk of a flood. E．There is no telling when another flood may happen. F．It would help to store food for emergency situations. G．During these conditions, hunger becomes a very real problem. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在洪水来临时人们应该如何自救。 1．根据后文的“This is the first thing that a person should do.(这是一个人应该做的第一件事。)”可知，D项(注意你所在的地区是否有洪水的危险。)与下文连接通顺，this指代的是D项提到的“注意发生洪水的风险”。故选D项。 2．根据前文的“Prepare food kits for natural disasters that you can easily take with you if you have to leave your house. (准备好应对自然灾害的食物包，如果你必须离开你的房子，你可以很容易地随身携带。)”可知，F项(这将有助于为紧急情况储存食物。)承接上文，指出了准备好应急食物包可以应对突发的自然灾害。故选F项。 3．根据前文的“Evacuation may also cause a shortage in the food supply. (疏散也可能导致食物供应短缺。)”和下文的“To survive, one must depend on food storage.(为了生存，一个人必须依靠食物的储存。)”可知，G项(在这种情况下，饥饿成为一个非常现实的问题。)与上文为因果关系，说明了疏散带来的食物不足会导致饥饿的发生，下文针对“饥饿”提出了储存食物的必要性。故选G项。 4．根据前文的“Even six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving.(即使是6英寸深的流水也会让你跌倒。如果你必须在水里走，走在水不流动的地方。)”可知，C项(用一根棍子检查你前面的地面。)承接上文，进一步指出如何在水中安全地前进。故选C项。 5．根据前文的“Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few inches deep. (不要开车进入被洪水淹没的地方。如果洪水在你的车周围上涨，在水不动或不超过几英寸深的时候，放弃汽车并转移到更高的地方。)”和后文的“ If your car is trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the car. If the water is rising inside the car, move on to the roof.(如果你的车被困在快速流动的水中，呆在车里。如果车里的水在上升，那就爬到车顶上去。)”可知，B项(你和车很快就会被冲走。)承接上文，说明车在进入水淹区后，如果不能及时撤离会出现连人带车被冲走的情况，下文举例说明水流很急的情况下，被困的人应该怎么办。故选B项。 Passage 2 难度⭐⭐ Earthquakes are one type of natural disaster you simply can’t see coming. Earthquake preparation is the best way to deal with a confusing time. Here’s something you need to know about how to prepare for an earthquake. Examine weak points in your home and make a plan to strengthen them. Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things. 1 Push top-heavy pieces such as bookshelves away from beds or sofas, and move the heavier things onto lower shelves. Create an earthquake safety plan with your family. It’s key to create and practice an emergency plan with your family so that everyone knows what to do during a time of an earthquake. Talk about ways each family member can act as a team. 2 3 It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from falling objects or against any inside wall away from windows, bookshelves, or tall furniture that could fall on you. Learn earthquake emergency plans at your workplace, children’s school or daycare center. Disaster can strike at any moment. 4 It’s also wise to make a note of how you plan to communicate with each other and how to let loved ones know you’re safe. Remember that cell phones may be unreliable (不可靠的) after an earthquake. 5 Earthquakes usually last around one minute but if the damage is big enough, you could be trapped for a much longer period of time. You should have a bag containing medical equipment, food, water, flashlights and so on. A．Prepare an emergency bag. B．Prepare for more damage and danger. C．Pick safe spaces in every room to take shelter in. D．The shaking ground could move almost anything. E．It can help reduce fears, especially in young children. F．The preparation depends on a well-practiced plan and ready supplies. G．So it is necessary to learn how to prepare for an earthquake in any environment. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述如何为家庭制定地震防范应急计划。 1．根据前文“Examine weak points in your home and make a plan to strengthen them. Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things.(检查家里的薄弱环节，制定一个计划来加强它们。通过发现危险和修理可移动的东西来保护你的空间或你的家)”以及后文“Push top-heavy pieces such as bookshelves away from beds or sofas, and move the heavier things onto lower shelves.(把头重脚轻的东西，比如书架从床或沙发上移开，把重的东西移到较低的架子上)”可知，本段主要讲述，修理可移动的东西和把重的东西放在地上，所以D项“The shaking ground could move almost anything.(震动的地面几乎可以移动任何东西)”是解释为什么这么做，符合文意。故选D项。 2．根据前文“Create an earthquake safety plan with your family. It’s key to create and practice an emergency plan with your family so that everyone knows what to do during a time of an earthquake. Talk about ways each family member can act as a team.(与家人一起制定地震安全计划。与家人一起制定和演练应急计划至关重要，这样每个人都知道在地震发生时该怎么做。讨论一下每个家庭成员如何作为一个团队来行动)”可知，空处位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以E项“It can help reduce fears, especially in young children.(它可以帮助减少恐惧，尤其是对年幼的孩子)”符合文意，讲述了前文这么做的好处，是对前文的总结。故选E项。 3．设空位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from falling objects or against any inside wall away from windows, bookshelves, or tall furniture that could fall on you.(它可能在一件坚固的家具下面，可以保护你不受落下的物体的伤害，也可以在远离窗户、书架或高大家具的任何内墙下面，这些内墙可能会砸到你)”可知，本段主要讲述在家里找可以躲藏的地方，所以C项“Pick safe spaces in every room to take shelter in.(在每个房间里挑一个安全的地方躲起来)”符合本段主题，是本段的中心句。故选C项。 4．根据前文“Learn earthquake emergency plans at your workplace, children’s school or daycare center. Disaster can strike at any moment.(在你的工作场所、孩子的学校或日托中心了解地震应急计划。灾难随时可能降临)”可知，G项“So it is necessary to learn how to prepare for an earthquake in any environment.(因此，有必要学习如何在任何环境下为地震做准备)”和前文构成因果关系，符合文意。故选G项。 5．设空位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“Earthquakes usually last around one minute but if the damage is big enough, you could be trapped for a much longer period of time. You should have a bag containing medical equipment, food, water, flashlights and so on.(地震通常持续一分钟左右，但如果破坏足够大，你可能会被困更长的时间。你应该带一个装有医疗设备、食物、水、手电筒等的袋子)”可知，本段主要讲述为地震灾害准备应急的袋子，所以A项“Prepare an emergency bag.(准备一个应急包)”符合本段主题，是本段中心句。故选A项。 Passage 3 How to Prepare for an Earthquake 难度⭐⭐ An earthquake can be a very destructive natural disaster, particularly in the Pacific Rim region. After an earthquake, your home may be a mess and you might be left without a water supply or power. 1 By doing so, you may minimize the damage and injury in and around your home. · Create a disaster plan. Form your plan and know what to do before the earthquake happens. 2 The most important first step is understanding what to do when an earthquake hits. 3 In a real earthquake, this is your number one defense. Drop to the floor, take cover under a firm desk or table and hold on firmly. Namely, drop and cover your head from falling objects. Stay there until the shaking stops. ·Learn basic first aid. There are resources in your community to educate people on how to deal with first aid emergencies. 4 ·Write down and share emergency contact lists. This should include everyone in your home, office, etc. 5 In addition to normal contact information, ask each person to provide an emergency contact as well. A．Stay away from the shaking house. B．Practice “drop, cover and hold on”. C．Then go over your plan on a regular basis. D．Therefore, you can turn to your family for help. E．You need to know how to get in touch with them. F．There are several things you can do to prepare for an earthquake. G．For example, your local Red Cross has classes teaching you the basic skills. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在地震时应该如何应对。 1．根据下文“By doing so, you may minimize the damage and injury in and around your home. (通过这样做，你可以把家里和周围的损失和伤害降到最低。)”可知，此处是说应该做一些事来降低地震带来的损失。F项“There are several things you can do to prepare for an earthquake. (你可以做几件事来防备地震。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上文“Form your plan and know what to do before the earthquake happens (在地震发生之前，制定你的计划并知道该做什么)”可知，此处是和“计划”相关的内容。C项“Then go over your plan on a regular basis. (然后定期检查你的计划。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据下文“In a real earthquake, this is your number one defense. Drop to the floor, take cover under a firm desk or table and hold on firmly. (在真正的地震中，这是你的首要防御措施。趴到地板上，躲在坚固的书桌或桌子下面，紧紧抓住。)”可知，此处是说地震时的动作。B项“Practice “drop, cover and hold on”. (练习“放下、盖好、抓住”。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选B。 4．根据上文“There are resources in your community to educate people on how to deal with first aid emergencies. (在你的社区里有一些资源可以教人们如何处理急救紧急情况。)”可知，此处应介绍相关的资源。G项“For example, your local Red Cross has classes teaching you the basic skills. (例如，你当地的红十字会有教你基本技能的课程。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 5．根据下文“In addition to normal contact information, ask each person to provide an emergency contact as well. (除了正常的联系方式外，还要求每个人提供紧急联系方式。)”可知，此处是说要和其他人取得联系。E项“You need to know how to get in touch with them. (你需要知道如何与他们取得联系。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。 Passage 4 Staying Safe in a Vehicle 难度⭐⭐ Wildfires are common in dry, hot climates, but they can happen anywhere. 1 If you ever find yourself facing the threat of a wildfire, it’s important to know what to do to ensure that you and your family remain safe in a vehicle. Ensure that you can breathe. Once you’re in a car, you’ll need to ensure that the car is safely sealed from the smoke surrounding you. 2 Drive if you can. If the vehicle runs and you’re capable of driving it, then do so. But it’s important to drive slowly and keep your headlights on, so that you can see your surroundings and anyone else on the road can see you. 3 If the smoke is too thick to see, it may be safer to park and wait it out. Remain in the vehicle. If the smoke is too thick to see the road, or if you cannot drive the car for any reason, you should remain in the vehicle. 4 You will be more likely to be injured or killed by leaving the vehicle than you would be if you remained inside. Know what to expect. 5 Just remember that no matter what happens, if the fire surrounds the car you should not leave the vehicle. The temperature inside the vehicle will increase considerably. Don’t worry- it’s still safer inside the vehicle than outside. A．Don’t drive through heavy traffic. B．Don’t drive through heavy smoke. C．You need to break a window to enter the vehicle. D．It’s important to know what to expect so that you do not panic. E．Most wildfires start small, often from human causes, but spread very quickly. F．This is crucial, since you will otherwise risk passing out from carbon monoxide (一氧化物). G．You can lie down on the floor of the vehicle and cover yourself with a blanket or coat, if possible. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在野外火灾中如何在车内保持安全的方法。 1．根据前文“Wildfires are common in dry, hot climates, but they can happen anywhere.(野火在干燥炎热的气候中很常见，但在任何地方都可能发生)”以及后文“If you ever find yourself facing the threat of a wildfire, it’s important to know what to do to ensure that you and your family remain safe in a vehicle.(如果你发现自己面临着野火的威胁，重要的是要知道如何做才能确保你和你的家人在车里保持安全)”可知，本段先介绍了什么是野火，之后过渡到确保安全，所以E项“Most wildfires start small, often from human causes, but spread very quickly.(大多数野火开始时都很小，通常是人为原因，但蔓延得很快)”符合本段主题，介绍野火，然后说蔓延得很快过渡到确保安全。故选E项。 2．根据前文“Ensure that you can breathe. Once you’re in a car, you’ll need to ensure that the car is safely sealed from the smoke surrounding you.(确保你能呼吸。一旦你在一辆车里，你需要确保汽车与周围的烟雾安全密封)”可知，本段主题是确保在野火中能呼吸，所以F项“This is crucial, since you will otherwise risk passing out from carbon monoxide(一氧化物).(这是至关重要的，因为否则你会有因一氧化碳而昏倒的危险)”符合本文主题，是在介绍为什么要确保呼吸安全。故选F项。 3．根据前文“If the vehicle runs and you’re capable of driving it, then do so.(如果车能开，你又能开，那就开吧)”可知，本段讲述在野火中开车离开，以及后文“If the smoke is too thick to see, it may be safer to park and wait it out.(如果烟雾太浓，看不到，停车等着它散去可能会更安全)”可知，是在讲述不要在浓烟中开车，所以B项“Don’t drive through heavy smoke.(不要在浓烟中开车)”符合本段主题，引出下文。故选B项。 4．根据前文“Remain in the vehicle. If the smoke is too thick to see the road, or if you cannot drive the car for any reason, you should remain in the vehicle.(待在车里。如果烟雾太浓，无法看清道路，或者由于任何原因不能开车，你应该留在车里)”可知，本段主要讲述，当不能离开野火区时，就待在车里，所以G项“You can lie down on the floor of the vehicle and cover yourself with a blanket or coat, if possible.(你可以躺在车上的地板上，如果可能的话，用毯子或外套盖住自己)”是在讲述待在车里应该怎么做，符合本段主题。故选G项。 5．根据前文“Know what to expect.(知道会发生什么)”可知，D项“It’s important to know what to expect so that you do not panic.(重要的是要知道会发生什么，这样你就不会惊慌)”是对前文的进一步解释，符合本段主题。故选D项。 Passage 5 难度⭐⭐ Lightning can strike anyplace on Earth. In fact, there are about 6,000 lightning strikes every minute, which is more than 8 million strikes every day. The risk of being struck by lightning is low, but the consequences of lightning strike injuries are serious. Even though your home is a safe shelter during a lightning storm, you might still be at risk. About one-third of lightning-strike injuries occur indoors. 1 Avoid water. Do NOT bathe, shower, wash dishes, or have any other contact with water during a thunderstorm. 2 3 Do NOT use anything connected to an electrical outlet (电源插座), such as computers, game systems, washers, or stoves. Lightning can travel through electrical systems, radio and television reception systems, and any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring. Avoid windows, doors, porches, and concrete. 4 Do NOT lie on concrete floors or lean on concrete walls during a thunderstorm. Lightning can travel through any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring. Don’t use corded (有线的) phones. Corded phones are NOT safe to use during a thunderstorm. Do NOT use them. 5 Follow the safety measures above can minimize your risk of being injured indoors on lighting days. Don’t take it for granted that only outdoor activities can put you in a dangerous place. Keep it in mind that inappropriate indoor activities can also be disastrous. A．Here are some tips to keep safe and reduce your risk of being struck while indoors. B．In addition, follow up on the latest information about the storm. C．However, it is safe to use cordless or mobile phones during a storm. D．Stay away from windows and doors, and stay off porches. E．Some outdoors measures can keep you safe and prevent you from being attacked. F．Lightning can travel through a building’s water pipe system. G．Don’t touch electronic equipment. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种在室内降低雷击风险的方法。 1．前文“Even though your home is a safe shelter during a lightning storm, you might still be at risk. About one-third of lightning-strike injuries occur indoors.(即使你的家在闪电风暴期间是一个安全的避难所，但你仍然可能面临风险。大约三分之一的雷击伤害发生在室内。)”讲述了在室内也有遭受雷击的风险，再结合下文内容可知，下文介绍了几种减少风险的方法，由此可知，空处应承上启下，讲述有一些可以帮助降低室内雷击风险的方法，A项“以下是一些在室内保持安全和降低被击中的风险的方法。”符合题意。故选A。 2．根据本段小标题“Avoid water.(避免水。)”和上文“Do NOT bathe, shower, wash dishes, or have any other contact with water during a thunderstorm.(雷雨期间，请勿洗澡、淋浴、洗碗或与水有任何其他接触。)”可知，本段主要讲述了在雷雨期间要避免接触水，空处应进一步解释这么做原因，F项“闪电可以穿过建筑物的水管系统。”符合题意。故选F。 3．空处是本段小标题。根据下文“Do NOT use anything connected to an electrical outlet (电源插座), such as computers, game systems, washers, or stoves. Lightning can travel through electrical systems, radio and television reception systems, and any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring.(不要使用任何与电源插座相连的东西，如电脑、游戏系统、洗衣机或炉灶。闪电可以穿过电气系统、无线电和电视接收系统，以及混凝土墙或地板里的任何金属线或金属棒。)”可知，本段主要讲述了不要接触与电相连的设备，G项“不要触摸电子设备。”符合题意。故选G。 4．根据本段小标题“Avoid windows, doors, porches, and concrete.(避开窗户、门、门廊和混凝土。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是要避开窗户、门、门廊和混凝土，所以D项“远离门窗，远离门廊。”符合题意。故选D。 5．根据上文“Corded phones are NOT safe to use during a thunderstorm. Do NOT use them.(雷雨期间使用有线电话是不安全的。不要使用它们。)”可知，前面讲述了不要在雷雨期间使用有线电话，这不安全，所以空处应讲述可以使用的电话类型，C项“然而，在暴风雨期间使用无线电话或移动电话是安全的。”符合题意。故选C。 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming. A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well. A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding. There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale. 5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time. A．The rising river threatens people’s lives. B．Floods can be preventable and predictable. C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas. D．And sometimes they come with little warning. E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters. F．They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors. G．Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害，包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测预防手段。 1．前文“Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly. (洪水可能有多种来源。它可能是飓风、大坝倒塌或河水泛滥。灾难发生的速度很快)”提到造成洪水的原因有多种，且洪水速度很快，后文“It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming. (在这种情况下，知道如何保护家人和财产的安全是很重要的。充分的准备可以使你在它到来时感到安心)”提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性，建议做好充分的准备。D项“And sometimes they come with little warning. (有时，它们来得毫无征兆)”符合语境，指出洪水可能很突然地发生，承接前文，佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。 2．前文“A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. (洪水仅仅是水溢出自然区域并覆盖通常干燥的地方的事件。一般来说，有两种类型)”提到洪水的定义，以及包含两种类型，后文“The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. (这些地区的土壤不能吸收很多水分。然后水迅速从地表流出，形成快速流动的水流)”具体描述第一种类型的洪水，因此C项“Flash floods are more common in dry areas. (山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见)”符合语境，介绍第一种类型的洪水，承接前文，引出后文具体的描述，其中的dry areas和后文的can’t absorb a lot of moisture呼应。故选C。 3．前文“A flood can be caused by many things. (造成洪水的原因有很多)”提到洪水的起因很多，因此F项“They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors. (它们包括恶劣的天气、地理和其他人为因素)”符合语境，具体介绍这些因素，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的many things。故选F。 4．前文“There is no specific flood season. (没有特定的汛期)”提到洪水的特定时间的话题，因此G项“Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods. (一般来说，从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水的高风险时期)”符合语境，指出宽泛的洪水的高风险时期，承接前文。故选G。 5．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文“Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time. (利用现有的地图和检查低洼地区可以确定洪水的高风险地区。此外，当短时间内有大量降雨时，洪水警报会发送到可能发生洪水的地区)”主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水，因此B项“Floods can be preventable and predictable. (洪水是可以预防和预测的)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。 Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Floods can cause major damage to city infrastructure and even deaths. 1 , tragedies caused by floods can be prevented through taking proper measures. Here are 5 key steps to prepare yourself and your family for a flood emergency. Get informed, stay informed One of the best ways to prepare yourself and your loved ones for a flood is to be aware of weather conditions. 2 . If your city has had past history of flooding, do your best to investigate where damage was caused to help you better plan your family safety plan. Update your emergency kits Be sure your emergency kit s are all up-to-date. Ensure they have the proper supplies needed to protect multiple family members. In your prepared bags, you should have 72 hours-worth of food and water along with other essential supplies. 3 . Secure your home Making sure loose items are secure can help to prevent both property damage to your home and bodily injury. Furniture items aren’t the only things that should be secured. Also, take the time to se cure electrical items to prevent them from falling into water. 4 . Having sandbags immediately available can buy you and your family much-needed time when preparing to escape from your home. Practice your emergency plan Make sure your family has an emergency action plan ready to implement (实施) at any moment. Then, practice your emergency action plan with your entire family. This will help each member to directly understand their roles in the plan and give an opportunity to answer any questions that may arise. 5 Of course, natural disasters occur in an instant. Therefore, keep your entire family and all pet family members close and within sight at all times during an emergency situation. A．Pay close attention to the development of current storms B．Floods are too powerful to be stopped C．Keep all family members (pets too!) in sight D．Invest in sandbags and keep them inside your home E．Though floods are among the most dangerous of natural disasters F．Never leave your family or pets behind when floods are coming G．In particular, include life vests along with other waterproof survival items 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洪水对城市基础设施和生命的潜在威胁，并提供了五个关键步骤来应对洪水紧急情况。 1．分析句子结构可知，设空处应是状语从句，结合选项，只E项“Though floods are among the most dangerous of natural disasters(虽然洪水是最危险的自然灾害之一)”符合这一条件，引导让步状语从句，与下文“tragedies caused by floods can be prevented through taking proper measures.(通过采取适当的措施，洪水造成的悲剧是可以避免的)”构成主从复合句。故选E项。 2．上文“One of the best ways to prepare yourself and your loved ones for a flood is to be aware of weather conditions.(为自己和亲人做好洪水准备的最好方法之一就是了解天气状况)”提出了及时了解天气状况，A项“Pay close attention to the development of current storms(密切关注当前风暴的发展)”承接上文，强调关注风暴的发展情况，上下文语意相关，同时与本段主题“Get informed, stay informed (获取信息，保持信息灵通)”一致。故选A项。 3．上文“Be sure your emergency kit s are all up-to-date. Ensure they have the proper supplies needed to protect multiple family members. In your prepared bags, you should have 72 hours-worth of food and water along with other essential supplies.(确保你的急救包都是最新的。确保它们有保护多名家庭成员所需的适当用品。在你准备好的袋子里，你应该有足够72小时使用的食物和水以及其他必需品)”列举了急救包里应该准备的一些物品，G项“In particular, include life vests along with other waterproof survival items(特别是，装入救生衣和其他防水的生存物品)”特别强调要准备救生衣和其他防水的生存物品，与上文构成并列关系，语意一致。故选G项。 4．下文“Having sandbags immediately available can buy you and your family much-needed time when preparing to escape from your home.(准备好沙袋可以为你和你的家人在准备逃离家园时赢得急需的时间)”介绍了沙袋在洪水来袭时的作用，解释了D项“Invest in sandbags and keep them inside your home(购买沙袋，把它们放在家里)”中建议购买沙袋的原因，同时与本段主题“Secure your home(保护好你的家)”一致。故选D项。 5．设空处是本段小标题。下文“Of course, natural disasters occur in an instant. Therefore, keep your entire family and all pet family members close and within sight at all times during an emergency situation.(当然，自然灾害是瞬间发生的。因此，在紧急情况下，要让你的所有家人和所有的宠物家庭成员一直靠近并在你的视线范围内)”建议让所有家人和所有的宠物家庭成员在你的视线范围内，故C项“Keep all family members (pets too!) in sight(让所有家庭成员(包括宠物)都在视线范围内)”是本段内容的概括，是最佳小标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 难度⭐⭐⭐ Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age. 1 , but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters. Let’s see how to talk to your children about natural disasters correctly. ● Be honest When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it. 2 . They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on. Give proper explanations or even check books out from the library. ● 3 Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns. Deal with any of their fears, big or small, and provide some kind of comfort. Whether these disasters are happening far away or close to home, they need to know that you will keep them safe. ● Make a plan for your family There is no place on Earth that is free from possibly suffering some type of natural disaster. All families should have a disaster plan and emergency supplies at home. Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children. 4 . ● Talk about the helpers 5 . The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety. A．Answer questions B．Take away your children’s fears C．It is completely natural to be afraid D．They just have to wait with nothing to do E．It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens F．Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children G．Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何和孩子谈论自然灾害让孩子正确地面对。 1．根据空前的“Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age.(自然灾害可以引起人们在任何年龄的恐惧。)”可知，任何年龄段的人对自然灾害都有恐惧，结合空后的“but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters.(但是你确实对你的孩子如何面对可能的灾难有很大的影响。)”可知，成人对孩子如何面对灾难有很大的影响，与此空为转折关系，由此可知，此空应是承接上文，且与空后内容为转折关系，C选项“It is completely natural to be afraid(害怕是完全正常的)”讲述的内容承接上文讲述的“任何年龄段的人对自然灾害都会感到恐惧”，且与空后的内容为转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据空前的“When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it.(当有关于自然灾害的信息时，尽量不要隐藏它。)”可知，出现自然灾难时不要去隐藏，结合空后的“They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on.(他们可能想知道更多关于自然灾害的位置和路径。)”可知，孩子们可能想知道更多关于自然灾害的情况，由此可知，此空应涉及到出现自然灾害时应如何处理，F选项“Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children(相反，提供详细的信息和解释可以帮助你的孩子平静下来)”讲述的内容是要给孩子同自然灾难的信息和解释对孩子有帮助，与空前内容为转折关系，其中的instead为关键信息，且空后的they指的是F选项中的your children。故选F项。 3．分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句，根据小标下的“Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns.(问问你的孩子他们紧张的是什么，这样你就可以解决他们的担忧。)”可知，本段主要讲述的事如何做帮助孩子战胜恐惧，B选项“Take away your children’s fears(消除孩子们的恐惧)”讲述的内容符合本段的内容，且概括了本段的主题。故选B项。 4．根据本段的主题句“Make a plan for your family(为你的家庭制定一个计划)”可知，本段主要讲述的是为家庭制定一个计划，结合空前的“Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children.(制定一个家庭安全计划，并与你的孩子分享。)”可知，制定一个家庭安全计划，并且与孩子分享，由此可知，此空应进一步讲述这样做的结果是什么，E选项“It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens(它可以让他们为灾难发生时的应对做好准备)”讲述的内容进一步对空前内容做出解释，其中的it指代的为空前提到的制定的家庭安全计划，符合语境。故选E项。 5．根据本段的主题句“Talk about the helpers(谈论救援者)”可知，本段讲述的是与孩子讨论一下帮助者的相关情况，G选项“Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster(告诉你的孩子在灾难中出现的不同类型的救援者)”中涉及到了救援者的相关情况，其中的helpers为词汇复现，且与本段讲述的内容与空后“The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety.(消防员、护理人员(护理人员)和其他灾难服务人员将在紧急情况下提供帮助的想法有助于孩子们消除一些焦虑。)”提到的救援者的相关信息，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ The number of people dying in natural disasters is lower today than it was in the past. 1 However, if you can keep your head and find the right place to stay when the ground starts shaking, you might be able to survive. 2 The biggest danger is falling pieces. Since earthquakes happen suddenly without warning, you have to think quickly to stay safe. If you are indoors during an earthquake, remember: “drop, cover and hold on.” Drop: When you feel the ground shaking or something crashing, get down on your hands and knees. 3 Quickly crawl (缓慢行进) under a strong desk or table nearby. Don’t try to run downstairs or walk to a safer place because you might fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow until the shaking stops. Cover: Use one hand to cover your neck and head. 4 If not, move towards a wall inside the building, not the outside walls with windows. Stay on your hands and knees, keeping your hand over your neck for protection. Hold on: Hold onto your desk or table with one hand while keeping the other over your neck and head. Be ready to move with the desk or table. 5 However, if you are outside, driving or at the beach, trying to find something to hide under may not be an option. A．This keeps you from falling over. B．If it is not strong enough, turn to another one. C．Earthquakes can still be destructive, though. D．Then crawl under a desk or table if there’s one close by. E．Advanced technology provides many ways for us to stay safer. F．Remember, don’t try to move until the shaking has completely stopped. G．The safest place during an earthquake is likely an open field with no trees around. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了地震中安全逃生的方法。 1．根据上文“The number of people dying in natural disasters is lower today than it was in the past.(如今死于自然灾害的人数比过去要少)”以及下文“However, if you can keep your head and find the right place to stay when the ground starts shaking, you might be able to survive.(然而，如果你能保持头脑清醒，并在地面开始摇晃时找到合适的地方，你就有可能挽救自己的生命)”可推知，C项“尽管如此，地震仍然具有破坏性)”承接上下文，构成转折关系，符合语境。故选C。 2．根据后文“The biggest danger is falling pieces. Since earthquakes happen suddenly without warning, you have to think quickly to stay safe. If you are indoors during an earthquake, remember: “drop, cover and hold on.”(最大的危险是掉落的碎片。由于地震突然发生，没有任何预警，你必须迅速思考以保证安全。地震时，如果你在室内，记住：‘蹲下，找地方掩护，坚持住。’)”可知，本段开始讲地震的时候在室外怎么做，然后再引出地震时在室内怎么做，并引出下文。G项“地震时最安全的地方可能是周围没有树木的开阔地带”与第二段最后一句照应。故选G。 3．根据上文“When you feel the ground shaking or something crashing, get down on your hands and knees.(当你感觉到地面震动或有东西坠落时，趴在地上)”告诉我们感到震动时要趴下；选项A“这可以防止你摔倒”承接上文，说明趴下的好处，符合语境。故选A。 4．根据后文“If not, move towards a wall inside the building, not the outside walls with windows.(如果没有，就朝着建筑物内部的墙壁移动，而不是有窗户的外墙)”可知，设空处与后文都是在假设情况，且设空处陈述“如果有……”时的做法；D选项“如果附近有桌子，那就爬到桌子下面”符合语境，D项里面的“if”从句与下文的“if not”照应，该项中的“crawl under a desk or table”与上一段中“Quickly crawl (缓慢行进) under a strong desk or table nearby.”相呼应。故选D。 5．根据上文“Hold on: Hold onto your desk or table with one hand while keeping the other over your neck and head. Be ready to move with the desk or table.(抓住：一只手抓住桌子，另一只手放在脖子和头上。准备好移动书桌或桌子)”可知，本段主要说明了地震的时候抓住物体，不要移动。F项“记住，在震动完全停止之前，不要试图移动”与本段小标题“Hold on”一致，故选F。 Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐ Lightning (闪电) is a beautiful and inspiring phenomenon, but it can be deadly. Over the past 30 years, lightning has killed an average of 67 people per year in the United States alone. 1 . Follow these steps to safety the next time there’s fire in the sky. Find shelter immediately If you find yourself caught in a lightning storm, never stand under a tree, and avoid being close to power lines as they’re both excellent conductors (导体) of electricity and could potentially cause death, if not serious injury. 2 . It’s the key to minimizing danger. Watch out for dangers Windows provide a direct path for the lightning to travel. Keep windows closed, stay away from them and try to stay within inner rooms of the structure. 3 Using a landline phone is the main cause of lightning-related injuries. Lightning can travel into the home from through any material that conducts electricity. This includes landlines, electrical wiring, and plumbing. 4 Being near water is extremely dangerous during a lightning storm, so move away from the body of water. If you are fishing, swimming or on a boat, get out of the water immediately and hurry back to the bank. Stay inside Stay inside at least 30 minutes after the last strike. Don’t go out just because the rain is starting to let up. There is still a significant risk of lightning strikes from a departing storm. 5 . Lightning is dangerous but you can minimize your risk. The advice is simple: increase the awareness of avoiding danger and master proper knowledge to protect yourself from a thunderstorm. A．Get away from the water B．Prepare enough water C．Go to hospital quickly D．Don’t touch anything metal or electrical E．Find shelter near or under a stony shelter F．Wait for news that the danger has passed G．Fortunately, most lightning-related deaths are preventable 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们避免被闪电袭击。 1．根据空前内容“Lightning (闪电) is a beautiful and inspiring phenomenon, but it can be deadly. Over the past 30 years, lightning has killed an average of 67 people per year in the United States alone.(闪电是一种美丽而鼓舞人心的现象，但它可能是致命的。在过去的30年里，仅在美国，每年平均有67人死于闪电)”可知，闪电非常危险。选项G“Fortunately, most lightning-related deaths are preventable(幸运的是，大多数与雷击有关的死亡是可以预防的)”承上启下，自然引出下文“Follow these steps to safety the next time there’s fire in the sky.(下次有闪电的时候，按照这些步骤去保证安全)”。故选G。 2．根据上文内容“If you find yourself caught in a lightning storm, never stand under a tree, and avoid being close to power lines as they’re both excellent conductors (导体) of electricity and could potentially cause death, if not serious injury. (如果你发现自己置于雷雨中，千万不要站在树下，避免靠近电线，因为它们都是优秀的导电体，如果不是严重伤害，也有可能导致死亡)”可知，在雷雨天，我们要避免靠近电线，远离树木。选项E“Find shelter near or under a stony shelter(在石头掩蔽处附近或下面寻找掩蔽处)”是上文内容的自然延续，指出在雷雨天，我们不能站在树下，要避免靠近电线，同时寻找适当的掩蔽处。故选E。 3．根据空后内容“Using a landline phone is the main cause of lightning-related injuries. Lightning can travel into the home from through any material that conducts electricity. This includes landlines, electrical wiring, and plumbing.(使用固定电话是雷击相关伤害的主要原因。闪电可以穿过任何导电材料进入家中。这包括固定电话、电线和管道)”可知，闪电可以穿过任何导电材料进入家中。选项D“Don’t touch anything metal or electrical (不要碰任何金属或电)”与下文内容一致，指的是在雷雨天即便在室内，也不要碰任何金属或电，这些都可能使你遭遇闪电袭击。故选D。 4．空处为本段小标题，为本段主要内容。根据本段内容“Being near water is extremely dangerous during a lightning storm, so move away from the body of water. If you are fishing, swimming or on a boat, get out of the water immediately and hurry back to the bank.(在雷暴期间，靠近水是非常危险的，所以远离水体。如果你正在钓鱼、游泳或在船上，请立即离开水，并迅速回到岸上)”可知，本段讲述的是在雷雨天我们要远离水体。选项A“Get away from the water (远离水)”正是本段主要内容。故选A。 5．根据上文“Stay inside at least 30 minutes after the last strike. Don’t go out just because the rain is starting to let up. There is still a significant risk of lightning strikes from a departing storm.(在最后一次袭击后至少待在室内30分钟。不要因为雨开始小了就出去。离开的风暴仍有很大的雷击风险)”可知，不要雨小了就出去，此时仍然有危险。选项F“Wait for news that the danger has passed (等待危险过去的消息)”是上文内容的延续，指的是不要着急出去，要待在室内等着危险已经过去的消息。故选F。 $$