Unit 5 Learning from Nature Understanding ideas 导学案-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

高中英语选修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature （2024 -2025学年度上学期） 年 级 高二 学 科 英语 编 制 审 核 2024年10月1日 【课 题】 Understanding ideas—Nature in Architecture 【学习目标】 (1) 语言能力 学生能够获取文章的主要信息，并根据文章内容准确理解标题的含义，为文章另选一个合适的标题； (2) 文化意识 学生能够通过个人活动与小组活动，完成与文章相关的练习题； (3) 思维品质 学生能够发现、欣赏、理解自然的美。 (四)学习能力 学生能够利用阅读技巧掌握本篇文章的主旨大意及结构 【重点难点】 1. 让学生掌握本文章的内容与结构； 2. 让学生利用训读和跳读的阅读技能，独自完成相关习题。 导 学 内 容 与 过 程 【情境导入】 Step 1: Lead-in 1.What is the common message conveyed in these quotes? 2.Look at the pictures and find out the similarity. 3. Try to think of some things that imitates shape or structure appeared in nature. Step 2: Pre-reading 1.Could you associate them with architecture? Lotus-莲花 termite mound-白蚁丘 algae-藻类 2.Look at the title and pictures, predict what the passage is about. 【学习新知】 （文章解构） Step 3 While-reading Fast-reading: 1. Where would you probably find the passage? A. Extraordinary Architects B. Living on Earth C. Architecture Frontier D. Natural World 2. How many parts can it be divided into? What’s the main idea of each part? Part1: para1-2 There is much inspiration from nature in our daily lives, and nature has also inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. Part 2: para3-5 Three modern architectures that are based on natural things. Part 3: para 6 Nature-inspired buildings enable us to live in closer harmony with our environment. Careful-reading: Organize information from the passage and complete the diagram. Step 4 Post-reading Think & Share 1.Works in groups and talk about which of the three architectures impressed you most. Why? 2.If you were given a chance to design a building, what inspiration would you take from nature? So be positive and do what you should do at the age of majority! <教材原文> Nature in Architecture Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way，but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone． Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs1 around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona's forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube， nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capturethe beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. ArtScience Museum, Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms． The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry . To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes . Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests . The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds . In a similar way , the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building . At night, the heat absorbed2 by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside . The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. The Algae House, Hamburg The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade . The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds3 to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. （知识探究） 夯基础词汇全解 1.design n．设计；花样；图案　v．设计 <原文重现>The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.该建筑旨在展示其所在的自然与现代城市环境之间的联系。 <归纳拓展> ①by design＝on purpose 故意地，蓄意地 ②be designed to do sth. 目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事 ③be designed for 打算作……用；为……而设计 ④be designed as 打算当作……；设计成…… ● The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.这座建筑的设计是为了展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。 ●As far as I know, the course is designed for beginners.据我所知，这门课程是为初学者设计的。 <能力提升> I. 在空白处填入单词的正确形式 1. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed ________ (help) them succeed academically and personally. 2. This course is specially designed ________ beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice. II英译汉 1.We must make it clear whether it happened by accident or by design. ________________________________________________。 2.The room was designed for my study room but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children. ________________________________________________。 2.absorb v．吸收；使全神贯注；汲取，理解 <原文重现>At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.在晚上，白天墙壁吸收的热量加热了冷空气，创造了舒适的室内温度。 <归纳拓展> ①absorb...into... 把……吸收进…… ②absorb oneself in... 全神贯注于…… ③be/get absorbed in 全神贯注于……；一心从事；热衷于 ④absorb sb.'s attention 吸引某人的注意 ● In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.事实上，大部分人仅能理解演讲人信息的大约百分之二十。 ●He was absorbed in writing a letter and didn't even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头看。 <能力提升> I. 在空白处填入单词的正确形式 1. I get so ________ (absorb) in doing something that I am unaware of things happening around me. 2. That boy absorbed ________ (he) in reading the fairy tales. II英译汉 1.Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ________________________________________________。 2.A good book can absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings. ________________________________________________。 3.respond to 对……作出反应；回答，回复 <原文重现>The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. 因此，该建筑不仅响应其环境，使用更少的能源，而且还通过产生自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。 <归纳拓展> ①respond to the e-mail 回复电子邮件 respond to sb. 回答/回复某人 ②respond with... 以……回应 respond by... 通过……回应 respond that... 回答说…… ③in response to 对……的回应 response n. 反应，响应，回答 ● She never responded to my letter.她从来没有给我回过信。 ● The mother planned to punish her son in response to his bad attitude to his grandfather. 母亲打算惩罚儿子，以回应他对祖父的恶劣态度。 <能力提升> I. 在空白处填入单词的正确形式 1.Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies. 2.We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip, but no one ________ (respond) by now. II英译汉 1.The doctor responded that he could not tell the name of her disease. ________________________________________________。 2.She waved, and he responded with a charming smile. ________________________________________________。 全突破-句式剖析 <原文重现> And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. 除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。 <归纳拓展> that's not all意为“这不是全部”， not all表示的是部分否定。 部分否定 总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词主要包括all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。 全部否定的表达方式：表示全部否定意义的词(no, none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。 注：对两者的全部否定用neither，对三者及三者以上的全部否定用none。 ①Not all people are full of confidence.＝All people aren't full of confidence. 并非所有的人都充满了自信。 ②Not both of them misunderstood you.＝Both of them didn't misunderstand you 并非他们两个都误会了你的意思。 ③None of my friends came. 我的朋友一个都没来。 <能力提升> I. 补充翻译句子 1.It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we ______________________________ (不能两者都做). 2.______________________________________________ (并非所有的人都喜欢) entertaining programmes on TV, particularly aged men. II英译汉 1.Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes. ________________________________________________。 2.Niki is always full of ideas, butnone is useful to my knowledge. ________________________________________________。 【迁移应用】 （对点训练） Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1．Our football players gave a ________ (出色的) performance in the final and we all cheered. 2．The stories of those scientists working in the ________ (前沿) of science and technology inspired us to study harder. 3．Every year millions of people flood into this colourful Spanish city to see the unique works of the famed ________ (建筑师)Antoni Gaudí. 4．________ (absorb) in his work, Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. 5．We've had a very positive ________ (respond) to the idea. 6．A large amount of solar energy has been ________ (使转换) into electrical energy since amounts of advanced mechanical equipment were introduced. 7．There's a new ________ (前沿)in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. 8．They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the ________ (建筑师) of the Battersea Power Station in London. 9．All the audience were deeply attracted by the ________ (出色的) performance of the agile acrobat. 10．The park on the ________ (滨水地区) is bound to be a good place for rest and recreation. （达标测试） 短语填空 take...for granted, capture the beauty of, be fed with, respond to, convert...into... 1．We ________ having the endless supply of precious fresh water ________． 2．It is painstaking for the photographer to rise early in order to ____________ a sunrise. 3．My father ________ the sofa ________ a bed to deal with the harsh living condition. 4．Babies should ____________ human milk to preserve their health. 5．With the help of his roommate, he ____________ the event immediately. 【学习小结】 写出下列单词和短语 1.take...________ granted 　认为……理所当然 2.(be) based ________ 　基于……；以……为基础 3.________ a similar way 　以同样的方式；类似地 4.convert...________ 　把……转换成…… 5.respond ________ 　对……做出反应 6.look ________ 　看起来像 7.________ n. 　土堆，土丘 8.________ n. 　建筑师 9.________ v. 　模仿 10.________ adj. 　极好的，出色的 11.________ v. 　使转变；使转换 【课后拓展】 （必备知识） Organise information from the passage and complete the table. Introduction We are so used to the beauty of nature that we may even 1.________________________. A pine cone 2.____________ a tile, and an open flower 3.________ an umbrella.But it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. Nature has inspired many of the most 4.________ designs around us, including those in 5.________. Examples ·ArtScience Museum, Singapore Shaped to 6.________________， it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. ·The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare's 7.____________ is a superb example of 8.________. ·The Algae House, Hamburg The world's first algae-powered building uses less energy and reduces damage to the environment by generating its own 9.____________. Conclusion It may be a challenge to meet the needs of today while 10.________ the world of tomorrow, but nature can help us. （关键能力） Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question. 1．There is a sentence in Paragraph 1 “It is natural to think in this way...”， what do you think “this way” refers to? A．The umbrella inspired the flower. B．The roof inspired the pine cone. C．An open flower resembles an umbrella. D．We take the beauty of nature for granted. 2．Which of the following statements about ArtScience Museum is CORRECT? A．The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the city's surroundings. B．The building floats above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. C．The water recycled through the building's plumbing system is used to water lotus flowers. D．The building only attracts the visitors from the urban area. 3．Which building is a superb example of biomimicry? A．Water Cube, Beijing. B．ArtScience Museum, Singapore. C．Eastgate Centre, Harare. D．The Algae House, Hamburg. 4．What inspired Mick Pearce to create Harare's Eastgate Centre? A．Termites. B．Mounds. C．Holes. D．A nature documentary about termites creating their nests. 5．What's the author's opinion about the relationship between human and nature? A．Living in harmony with nature. B．Constructing buildings in nature. C．Protecting the world by creating more algae-powered buildings. D．Taking nature for granted. （学科素养、核心价值） 阅读理解 Hedy Lamarr was used to being admired for her looks. As a Hollywood film star, she was called “the most beautiful woman” in the world. What she was less known for was her scientific thinking ability. During World War Ⅱ， Lamarr quietly co­invented the technology that would be the precursor (前身) to Bluetooth, Wi­Fi and other systems we rely on today. She had a natural curiosity about the world around her. As young as 5, she would spend time taking apart and rebuilding her music box to understand how it worked. At 16, she got her first Him role and quickly became an international icon (偶像). As her acting career continued to take off, World War Ⅱ broke out. Lamarr became restless, feeling that she should do more to contribute to the Allies' war efforts. “Lamarr said that she did not feel very comfortable, sitting there in Hollywood and making lots of money when things were in such a state，” says George Antheil. Together with Antheil, Lamarr came up with a ground­breaking new form of wireless communication known as Spread Spectrum (频谱). The concept was to create a wireless signal that could travel quickly from frequency to frequency. But the military refused to use it in their war efforts. The technology sat unused for years, until one day in the 1960s, the military accepted it and called the system “Spread like Wildfire”． Hedy Lamarr played the role she was expected to play in Hollywood—a beautiful star on the big screen. And without her, communication could look completely different today. Lamarr's experience can serve as a reminder: Pursue your talents and passions. Not only will the world be better for it, but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow. 1．Which of the following best describes Lamarr? A．She became an international star in her childhood. B．She was popular for her extraordinary beauty. C．She invented the technology completely on her own. D．She had to do more to gain success in her career. 2．What motivated Lamarr to invent “Spread Spectrum”？ A．Making lots of money. B．Becoming more popular. C．Showing off her ability. D．Helping the Allies' war efforts. 3．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．A fast­frequently­spreading signal was created in Spread Spectrum. B．The name “Spread like Wildfire” showed the hidden danger. C．The military never showed interest in Spread Spectrum. D．Spread Spectrum is an ordinary form of communication. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Film Star With A Great Contribution B．An International Icon C．A Woman And The Allies' War Efforts D．A Wireless Communication 【反思感悟】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$