Unit5 Encyclopaedias 单元话题（百科全书）阅读理解15篇-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（牛津上海版）

2024-2025学年一线教师制作精品新课系列资料，已编校！ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作精品新课系列资料，已编校！ Unit5 Encyclopaedias 单元话题（百科全书）阅读理解15篇 As everyone knows, the Encyclopaedia Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. Actually, more than 300 years before it, a Chinese encyclopaedia called the Yongle Dadian or the Yongle Encyclopaedia had already been there. In 1403, the Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty asked Xie Jin to complete a collection of every subject and every known book of Chinese. One year later, Xie, along with a team of over 100 people, finished the first version of the encyclopaedia named A Complete Work of Literature. However, the emperor wasn’t happy with it because it was completed so quickly and he thought the content wasn’t enough. In 1405, he asked Yao Guangxiao to compile(编写)the encyclopaedia. The number of people included rose to 2,196. Two years later, they completed the work and won praise from the emperor who named the encyclopaedia after his reign name. Then it took the team another year to write the final version. The Yongle Encyclopaedia was finally completed in 1408. The Yongle Encyclopaedia contained 22,973 scrolls in 11,095 volumes, and it included all kinds of subjects, such as history, geography, medicine, art and science. It is the largest encyclopaedia ever compiled in the world. However, over the years, many volumes have been lost. Today 221 volumes of the Yongle Encyclopaedia are safely kept in the National Library of China in Beijing. 1．What do we know about the Yongle Encyclopaedia? A．It appeared earlier than the Encyclopaedia Britannica. B．It is as famous as the Encyclopaedia Britannica. C．About 200 people worked on it together. D．It was completed in 1403 in the-end. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The collection of Xie Jin. B．The oldest book in Chinese history. C．The Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. D．The first version of the Yongle Encyclopaedia. 3．Why wasn’t the emperor happy with the first version? A．Because he thought it didn’t include enough things. B．Because there were a lot of mistakes in it. C．Because it was finished too slowly. D．Because nobody wanted to read it. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The subjects of the Yongle Encyclopaedia cover all sides of people’s lives, B．We can find some volumes of the Yongle Encyclopaedia in the National Library of China C．Most volumes often Yongle Encyclpaedia are still kept in Beijing. D．The Yongle Encyclopaedia had 22,973 volumes. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us the history of the encyclopaedia. B．To encourage us to read more encyclopaedias. C．To introduce the Yongle Encyclopaedia to us. D．To show us how to use the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tom listens to Jan’s description of Port Prime in the future and all the gadgets people have. Jan says: “ It must be difficult to live without mobile phones and the Internet”. “Why? We live OK without them.” “How do you find information for school or communicate with friends?” “There are books… encyclopaedias… and I can talk to my friends. How many friends do you have?” “Oh, on Facebook I have 320 friends.” Tom laughs. “How can you have 320 friends ?  When do you see them all?” “I don’t see them. They’re on the Internet.” “They don’t sound like real friends to me. How many real friends do you have? I mean friends like Pauly and Jamie.” “I don’t know. There’s … Michael.” “That’s one. I don’t know, Jan. Life in the future doesn’t sound great. You don’t spend a lot of time with your parents. You’ve only got one real friend. You can’t go out on your own. And you can’t cycle anywhere.” They both lie back on the grass, laughing. 1．It seems that ________. A．Tom is from the future. B．Tom is from the past. C．Jan is from the future. D．Jan is from the past. 2．Tom finds information or communicate with friends by ________. A．using mobile phone. B．using the Internet C．reading books and talking D．by facebook 3．To Tom, why life in the future doesn’t sound great? A．He may have to many friends. B．It’s to easy for him to make friends. C．Although he may have many friends , they are not “real.” D．They don’t spend time with their parents, real friend or having fun. 4．The author may hope that ______. A．we should live in the old ways. B．we should make few friends. C．we should live with modern things, like mobile phones and the Internet. D．we should live with our parents and real friends instead of spending too much time on modern things. Here are some pieces of information from an encyclopaedia. Protozoa Protozoa are the smallest animals. We can’t see them, but they do a lot for us. Protozoa are useful for fish and other animals. Some protozoa are good for human beings by eating dangerous bacteria(细菌), but some parasites (寄生虫) make human beings ill. Fish There are over 20,000 different kinds of fish. Some of them are very small, but some are big. For example, the whale shark is over 60 feet long. Most fish breathe through gills. Gills make them get oxygen in water. Most fish use fins and tails for swimming. Amphibians Amphibians have eggs in water, and young amphibians are like small fish. The tadpole lives in water. It has a tail and gills. So it can breathe under water. When it becomes a frog, it doesn’t have the gills or the tail, but then it has legs for walking on land. Most amphibians can both walk on land and swim in water. 1．The passage is about __________. A．human beings B．plants C．animals D．water 2．__________ can both walk on land and swim in water. A．All amphibians B．Few amphibians C．Not all amphibians D．Every amphibian 3．What does the underline word “gills” mean in Chinese? A．尾巴 B．心脏 C．肝 D．鳃 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．Young amphibians are fish. B．Most fish use fins and tails for swimming. C．Fish and little amphibians have gills. D．We can’t see protozoa because they are small. Roy Chapman Andrews was an American explorer born in 1884. He liked traveling to different places and studying animals. Andrews wanted to find fossils that would tell him more about early humans. Instead, he found something that changed what everyone thought about dinosaurs. Andrews and his team made many trips to Asia during the 1920s. There, they found dinosaur fossils, as well as fossils from different mammals (哺乳动物), including a type of early rhinos (犀牛). Andrews sent his discoveries to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. They liked what he found and encouraged him to keep searching. Andrews’ most interesting discovery was made in 1923 in the Gobi Desert. He and his team became the first, people to find dinosaur eggs. Until this discovery, scientists weren’t sure whether dinosaurs laid eggs or gave birth to live babies. In 1927, the Boy Scouts (童子军) of America made Andrews an honorary Scout. He was the first person to receive this award. Today, Andrews is regarded as a model explorer and adventurer. 1．Why did Andrews want to go to Asia in the 1920s? A．To learn more about early humans. B．To discover dinosaur eggs. C．To find new lands to live on. D．To become a Boy Scout. 2．Why did the museum in New York want Andrews to keep exploring? A．Because they liked his discoveries. B．Because he was earning a lot of money. C．Because he was not welcome at home. D．Because he hadn’t found enough about early humans. 3．What happened after Andrews discovered the dinosaur eggs? A．He discovered an early type of rhinos. B．He was given an award by the Boy Scouts. C．He took a trip to Asia. D．He began working at the museum. 4．Which of the following shows the correct order of the events? a. Andrews and his team found dinosaur eggs.    b. Andrews and his team found dinosaur fossils. c. Andrews was awarded a prize.    d. Andrews sent his discoveries to the museum in New York. A．b→c→d→a B．a→d→c→b C．a→b→c→d D．b→d→a→c 5．Which of the following is an opinion? A．Andrews traveled to Asia during the 1920s. B．Andrews discovered an early type of rhinos. C．Andrews’ most interesting discovery was dinosaur eggs. D．Dinosaurs didn’t give birth to live babies. 6．Which subject in an encyclopaedia does the entry probably go into? A．Earth History B．American Explorers C．Oceans & Animals. D．Early Humans Have you ever seen chipmunks (花栗鼠)? They look very much like squirrels (松鼠), but they spend much of their time on the ground. People name this animal chipmunk because they make the special chip-chip sound. There are as many as 25 kinds of chipmunks, and most live in North America. A wild chipmunk can live for 2 to 5 years. Chipmunks are very small, and they enjoy living alone. When they are two months old, they leave their mothers to live by themselves. They build their own homes and start collecting food there all by themselves. They do not like living or making friends with other chipmunks much. Unlike other hibernating (冬眠的) animals, chipmunks do not live on body fats during winters. They collect and keep food during summers and eat it during winters. In winter, they don’t sleep all the way through the winter. They are light sleepers and wake up every few days to eat food. Chipmunks may not be as popular as pet dogs or pet cats, but they can be good ones. They can feed on many things from vegetables and fruits to nuts (坚果) and bird eggs. They sleep at night, so you don’t have to look after them during night time. But you have to remember one thing—chipmunks have trust problems, so it takes time for them to become close to you. 1．What can we learn about the chipmunks from the first paragraph? A．Some of their relatives. B．Their living place. C．How they live in the wild. D．Their number in the wild. 2．How old are chipmunks when they begin to live alone? A．2 months old. B．5 months old. C．2 years old. D．5 years old. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Where chipmunks keep their food. B．How chipmunks go through winter. C．What chipmunks eat during winters. D．Why chipmunks are special animals. 4．If you want to have a pet chipmunk, you have to _______. A．buy it lots of food B．look after it at night C．give it time to trust you D．keep it away from your dog 5．Where can we read the text? A．In a student’s diary. B．In a movie advertisement. C．In a noticeboard at school. D．In an encyclopaedia of animals. The World Cup is a world football competition, and it takes place every four years. In 2022, the host country is Qatar (卡塔尔). It is the first time for a country in the Middle East to host the game, and only the second time for an Asian country to host it. Here are some facts about Qatar and the World Cup 2022. Meaningful mascot (吉祥物) The mascot of the World Cup 2022 is named La’eeb! It means a “super-skilled player” in Arabic. Some Chinese internet users suggested it looked like a wonton skin or the flying carpet (毯子) in 1,001 Nights, Many football fans hope that La’eeb will bring the joy of soccer to everyone. Play football in winter Usually, the World Cup is played in summer. But this time, we need to enjoy it in winter. Why? The reason is simple. Qatar is too hot in summer! In summer, the temperature (温度) there could rise up to 50℃. When winter comes, it goes down to around 20-30℃. That’s much better for outdoor sports. Small but rich Qatar is a small country, and the whole country is even smaller than Beijing. People there mainly speak Arabic. Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world because it has lots of oil and natural gas. 1．What does La’eeb, the mascot of the World Cup 2022, mean in Arabic? A．A wonton skin. B．A super-skilled player. C．A flying carpet. D．A football fan. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Qatar B．football C．the temperature D．sports 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Food. B．Season. C．Host country. D．Mascot. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The World Cup is always played in winter. B．In summer, the temperature in Qatar could rise up to 60℃. C．Qatar is the first Asian country to host the World Cup. D．People hope La’eeb can bring everyone the joy of soccer. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．An encyclopaedia. B．A history book. C．A fashion magazine. D．A storybook. The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years. The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420. In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum. 1．What is another name of the Palace Museum? A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City. C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square. 2．When did people start to build the Forbidden City? A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925. 3．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City? A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China. B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world. C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters. D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925. 5．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by. A soon-to-be-started website might help. Some scientists set up a web-based Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL). It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people. To get the encyclopaedia started, the scientists will use information in the scientific databases（数据库）. And finally, non-scientists with specialized（专业的）knowledge will come to help in the site. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they see and where they live. To make sure the encyclopaedia is right, scientists will check much of the information added to it. As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools. The site will make some special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. And the EOL is also helpful for you to choose whatever information you like. It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope the EOL will speed up that process. 1．What does the web-based EOL aim to do? A．To save all the plants. B．To work out the number of birds. C．To find out what covers the Earth. D．To name all the living things on Earth. 2．What is one of the characteristics（特点）of the EOL? A．It is set up by school students. B．It has been open to the public. C．It is about different types of grass and birds. D．It produces different kinds of information about species. 3．What does the underlined part “that process” refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Studying ecosystems. C．Creating a new way. D．Describing and analyzing species. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．There are 1.8 million living species on earth. B．There are no non-scientists helping in the site. C．EOL is not useful for you to choose information. D．As the EOL develops, students might find it’s useful for them. Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as encyclopaedia of science and encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master （哑剧大师） from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions（面部表情）. Special Sea Animals Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters （水獭） love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 2．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．手势 C．感受 D．态度 3．The second article probably comes from the encyclopaedia of ________. A．plants B．planet C．animals D．nature 4．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The otter. D．The shark. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Encyclopaedias can give facts about science and music. B．Bizot didn’t say any words when he was giving a show. C．The fish swims in the water but can’t breathe in the water. D．Seals and otters eat smaller fish and sea plants. If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (融化) of tons of rock. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rock started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortage, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 1．What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 2．According to the scientist, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rock melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 3．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortage. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 4．Which of the following statement is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaur’s die-off. 5．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 二、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Encyclopaedia Britannica The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous encyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. The first edition(版本) was published in 1768 and since then there have been 15 editions. The 15th edition is made up of 32 volumes(册). Together they contain about 40 million words on half a million topics. Today there is a DVD edition of the Britannica. You can also find it online 1．What is the Encyclopaedia Britannica? 2．When did the first edition of the Britannica come out? 3．How many volumes is the 15th edition made up of? 4．Where can you find a DVD edition of the Britannica? 5．Is the Encyclopaedia Britanmica written in English? 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 An encyclopaedia is a collection of information about things humans know. Some encyelopaedias give information on only one subject. Some encyclopaedias give information on all kinds of subjects. Here is a page from an encyclopaedia. 1．What is an encyclopaedia? 2．Does each encyclopaedia include only one subject? 3．Where is the guide word? 4．How many subjects are there on Page 358? 5．How are the subjects arranged (排列)? 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Pliny the Elder wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew. This work was made up of 37 books and had many subjects such as anthropology (人类学) and painting. Through the following few centuries, encyclopaedias were connected to religion (宗教). The first Christian edition appeared in 560 AD, and the first Muslim volume came to light soon after. One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia (《永乐大典》) appeared in China. It had 11,095 volumes. Most of the original work has been lost. Through the centuries, and people can see less than 400 volumes today. The word “encyclopaedia” coming from Greek means “a general knowledge”. It has been in use for at least 500 years. In the 20th century, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became the most well known western work of this type. At the same time, topical encyclopaedias became the most popular, covering different topics. At the end of the century, many publishers began to publish them in digital formats such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs). 1．When did the first Christian edition appear? 2．Can we see the original work of The Yongle Encyclopaedia? 3．Where did the word “encyclopaedia” come from, English or Greek? 4．How long has people used the word “encyclopaedia”? 阅读回答问题 Pliny the Elder wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew (侄子) . This work was made up of 37 books and had many subjects such as anthropology (人类学) and painting. Through the following few centuries, encyclopaedias were connected to religion (宗教) . The first Christian (基督教的) edition appeared in 560 AD, and the first Muslim (伊斯兰教的) volume came to light soon after. One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia (《永乐大典》) appeared in China. It had 11, 095 volumes. Most of the original (原始的) work has been lost. Through the centuries, and people can see less than 400 volumes today. The word “encyclopaedia” coming from Greek means “a general knowledge”. It has been in use for at least 500 years. In the 20th century, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became the most well known western work of this type. At the same time, topical encyclopaedias became the most popular, covering different topics. At the end of the century, many publishers began to publish them in digital formats (版式) such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) . 1．Who wrote the first encyclopaedia? 2．When did The Yongle Encyclopaedia appear in China? 3．Where did the word “encyclopaedia” come from? 4．Do you think an encyclopaedia is useful? Why or why not? (Write 30 words or more) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Look it up! Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452-519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs live on Earth for more than 150 million years. That suddenly they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can lean about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 1．What does the pronoun “it” in the title refer to? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is the painting in picture a? Who painted it? ______________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why did the author mention Da Vinci’s paintings and inventions? ______________________________________________________________________________ 4．Could some dinosaurs fly? ______________________________________________________________________________ 5．How do people study dinosaurs? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 7 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作精品新课系列资料，已编校！ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作精品新课系列资料，已编校！ Unit5 Encyclopaedias 单元话题（百科全书）阅读理解15篇 As everyone knows, the Encyclopaedia Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. Actually, more than 300 years before it, a Chinese encyclopaedia called the Yongle Dadian or the Yongle Encyclopaedia had already been there. In 1403, the Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty asked Xie Jin to complete a collection of every subject and every known book of Chinese. One year later, Xie, along with a team of over 100 people, finished the first version of the encyclopaedia named A Complete Work of Literature. However, the emperor wasn’t happy with it because it was completed so quickly and he thought the content wasn’t enough. In 1405, he asked Yao Guangxiao to compile(编写)the encyclopaedia. The number of people included rose to 2,196. Two years later, they completed the work and won praise from the emperor who named the encyclopaedia after his reign name. Then it took the team another year to write the final version. The Yongle Encyclopaedia was finally completed in 1408. The Yongle Encyclopaedia contained 22,973 scrolls in 11,095 volumes, and it included all kinds of subjects, such as history, geography, medicine, art and science. It is the largest encyclopaedia ever compiled in the world. However, over the years, many volumes have been lost. Today 221 volumes of the Yongle Encyclopaedia are safely kept in the National Library of China in Beijing. 1．What do we know about the Yongle Encyclopaedia? A．It appeared earlier than the Encyclopaedia Britannica. B．It is as famous as the Encyclopaedia Britannica. C．About 200 people worked on it together. D．It was completed in 1403 in the-end. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The collection of Xie Jin. B．The oldest book in Chinese history. C．The Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. D．The first version of the Yongle Encyclopaedia. 3．Why wasn’t the emperor happy with the first version? A．Because he thought it didn’t include enough things. B．Because there were a lot of mistakes in it. C．Because it was finished too slowly. D．Because nobody wanted to read it. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The subjects of the Yongle Encyclopaedia cover all sides of people’s lives, B．We can find some volumes of the Yongle Encyclopaedia in the National Library of China C．Most volumes often Yongle Encyclpaedia are still kept in Beijing. D．The Yongle Encyclopaedia had 22,973 volumes. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us the history of the encyclopaedia. B．To encourage us to read more encyclopaedias. C．To introduce the Yongle Encyclopaedia to us. D．To show us how to use the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要是向我们介绍了明朝时期完成的《永乐大典》。 1．细节理解题。根据“As everyone knows, the Encyclopaedia Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. Actually, more than 300 years before it, a Chinese encyclopaedia called the Yongle Dadian or the Yongle Encyclopaedia had already been there.”可知《永乐大典》比《大英百科全书》出现得更早。故选A。 2．段落大意题。根据“In 1403, the Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty asked Xie Jin to complete a collection of every subject and every known book of Chinese. One year later, Xie, along with a team of over 100 people, finised the first version of the encyclopaedia named A Complete Work of Literature.”可知（1403年，明朝永乐皇帝要求谢晋完成所有科目和所有已知的汉语书籍的合集。一年后，谢和100多人的团队完成了第一版百科全书《文学全集》。）可知第二段主要是关于《永乐大典》的第一个版本，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, the emperor wasn’t happy with it because it was completed so quickly and he thought the content wasn’t enough. ”可知是因为明成祖朱棣认为它完成得太快了，认为内容不够，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Yongle Encyclopaedia contained 22,973 scrolls in 11,095 volumes, and it included all kinds of subjects, such as history, geography, medicine, art and science. ”可知《永乐大典》有22973册，故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要是向我们介绍了明朝时期完成的《永乐大典》。故选C。 Tom listens to Jan’s description of Port Prime in the future and all the gadgets people have. Jan says: “ It must be difficult to live without mobile phones and the Internet”. “Why? We live OK without them.” “How do you find information for school or communicate with friends?” “There are books… encyclopaedias… and I can talk to my friends. How many friends do you have?” “Oh, on Facebook I have 320 friends.” Tom laughs. “How can you have 320 friends ?  When do you see them all?” “I don’t see them. They’re on the Internet.” “They don’t sound like real friends to me. How many real friends do you have? I mean friends like Pauly and Jamie.” “I don’t know. There’s … Michael.” “That’s one. I don’t know, Jan. Life in the future doesn’t sound great. You don’t spend a lot of time with your parents. You’ve only got one real friend. You can’t go out on your own. And you can’t cycle anywhere.” They both lie back on the grass, laughing. 1．It seems that ________. A．Tom is from the future. B．Tom is from the past. C．Jan is from the future. D．Jan is from the past. 2．Tom finds information or communicate with friends by ________. A．using mobile phone. B．using the Internet C．reading books and talking D．by facebook 3．To Tom, why life in the future doesn’t sound great? A．He may have to many friends. B．It’s to easy for him to make friends. C．Although he may have many friends , they are not “real.” D．They don’t spend time with their parents, real friend or having fun. 4．The author may hope that ______. A．we should live in the old ways. B．we should make few friends. C．we should live with modern things, like mobile phones and the Internet. D．we should live with our parents and real friends instead of spending too much time on modern things. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【分析】文章大意：汤姆倾听简对普莱姆港未来的描述，以及人们所拥有的所有设备。简说：“没有手机和互联网生活一定很困难。”为什么？没有他们我们生活得很好。”“ 有书……百科全书……我可以和我的朋友交谈。你有多少朋友？“ “哦，在Facebook上，我有320个朋友。”汤姆笑了。你怎么能有320个朋友？你什么时候看到他们？““我没看见他们。他们在互联网上。”“我觉得他们不像真正的朋友。你有多少真正的朋友？我是说像保利和杰米这样的朋友。”“我不知道。有……迈克尔。”“就是这样。我不知道，简。未来的生活听起来不太好。你和父母在一起的时间不多。你只有一个真正的朋友。你不能一个人出去。你不能在任何地方骑车。”他们都躺在草地上，笑着。 1．细节理解题。根据Tom listens to Jan’s description of Port Prime in the future and all the gadgets people have. Jan says: “ It must be difficult to live without mobile phones and the Internet”. 汤姆倾听简对普莱姆港未来的描述，以及人们所拥有的所有设备。简说：“没有手机和互联网生活一定很困难。”可知，简似乎来自未来。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据How do you find information for school or communicate with friends? 你如何找到学校的信息或与朋友交流？可知，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据You don’t spend a lot of time with your parents. You’ve only got one real friend. You can’t go out on your own. And you can’t cycle anywhere.” 你和父母在一起的时间不多。你只有一个真正的朋友。你不能一个人出去。你不能在任何地方骑车。”可知，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，根据Jan. Life in the future doesn’t sound great. 简。未来的生活听起来不太好。we should live with our parents and real friends instead of spending too much time on modern things. 我们应该和父母和真正的朋友一起生活，而不是花太多时间在现代事物上。可知，故选D。 【点睛】阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。 Here are some pieces of information from an encyclopaedia. Protozoa Protozoa are the smallest animals. We can’t see them, but they do a lot for us. Protozoa are useful for fish and other animals. Some protozoa are good for human beings by eating dangerous bacteria(细菌), but some parasites (寄生虫) make human beings ill. Fish There are over 20,000 different kinds of fish. Some of them are very small, but some are big. For example, the whale shark is over 60 feet long. Most fish breathe through gills. Gills make them get oxygen in water. Most fish use fins and tails for swimming. Amphibians Amphibians have eggs in water, and young amphibians are like small fish. The tadpole lives in water. It has a tail and gills. So it can breathe under water. When it becomes a frog, it doesn’t have the gills or the tail, but then it has legs for walking on land. Most amphibians can both walk on land and swim in water. 1．The passage is about __________. A．human beings B．plants C．animals D．water 2．__________ can both walk on land and swim in water. A．All amphibians B．Few amphibians C．Not all amphibians D．Every amphibian 3．What does the underline word “gills” mean in Chinese? A．尾巴 B．心脏 C．肝 D．鳃 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．Young amphibians are fish. B．Most fish use fins and tails for swimming. C．Fish and little amphibians have gills. D．We can’t see protozoa because they are small. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书中的一些动物。 1．细节理解题。根据“Protozoa are the smallest animals. ”可知本文讲述的是动物，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most amphibians can both walk on land and swim in water.”可知大多数两栖动物既能在陆地上行走，也能在水中游泳，不是所有的两栖动物都可以，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Most fish breathe through gills. Gills make them get oxygen in water. ”结合常识可知鱼靠腮呼吸，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Amphibians have eggs in water, and young amphibians are like small fish. ”可知幼小的两栖动物像小鱼，而不是鱼，故选A。 Roy Chapman Andrews was an American explorer born in 1884. He liked traveling to different places and studying animals. Andrews wanted to find fossils that would tell him more about early humans. Instead, he found something that changed what everyone thought about dinosaurs. Andrews and his team made many trips to Asia during the 1920s. There, they found dinosaur fossils, as well as fossils from different mammals (哺乳动物), including a type of early rhinos (犀牛). Andrews sent his discoveries to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. They liked what he found and encouraged him to keep searching. Andrews’ most interesting discovery was made in 1923 in the Gobi Desert. He and his team became the first, people to find dinosaur eggs. Until this discovery, scientists weren’t sure whether dinosaurs laid eggs or gave birth to live babies. In 1927, the Boy Scouts (童子军) of America made Andrews an honorary Scout. He was the first person to receive this award. Today, Andrews is regarded as a model explorer and adventurer. 1．Why did Andrews want to go to Asia in the 1920s? A．To learn more about early humans. B．To discover dinosaur eggs. C．To find new lands to live on. D．To become a Boy Scout. 2．Why did the museum in New York want Andrews to keep exploring? A．Because they liked his discoveries. B．Because he was earning a lot of money. C．Because he was not welcome at home. D．Because he hadn’t found enough about early humans. 3．What happened after Andrews discovered the dinosaur eggs? A．He discovered an early type of rhinos. B．He was given an award by the Boy Scouts. C．He took a trip to Asia. D．He began working at the museum. 4．Which of the following shows the correct order of the events? a. Andrews and his team found dinosaur eggs.    b. Andrews and his team found dinosaur fossils. c. Andrews was awarded a prize.    d. Andrews sent his discoveries to the museum in New York. A．b→c→d→a B．a→d→c→b C．a→b→c→d D．b→d→a→c 5．Which of the following is an opinion? A．Andrews traveled to Asia during the 1920s. B．Andrews discovered an early type of rhinos. C．Andrews’ most interesting discovery was dinosaur eggs. D．Dinosaurs didn’t give birth to live babies. 6．Which subject in an encyclopaedia does the entry probably go into? A．Earth History B．American Explorers C．Oceans & Animals. D．Early Humans 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述罗伊查普曼安德鲁斯是一位美国的探险家，他喜欢到不同的地方旅行来研究动物，并且讲述他找到了很多化石，特别是恐龙化石，人们才知道恐龙是生蛋还是生小孩。最后他获得了荣誉童子军这个荣誉。 1．细节理解题。根据Andrews wanted to find fossils that would tell him more about early humans“安德鲁斯想要发现能够告诉他早期人类的化石”可知，他想通过化石了解早期人类，这也是他20 世纪20年代出行亚洲的主要目的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据They liked what he found and encouraged him to keep searching“他们喜欢他的发现并鼓励他继续寻找”可知，纽约自然历史博物馆喜欢安德鲁斯的发现并鼓励他继续探索有价值的东西。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据Andrews’ most interesting discovery was made in 1923 in the Gobi Desert. He and his team became the first, people to find dinosaur eggs“最有趣的发现是1923年在戈壁沙漠发现的。他和他的团队成为第一个发现恐龙蛋的人”以及In 1927, the Boy Scouts (童子军) of America made Andrews an honorary Scout“1927年，美国童子军授予安德鲁斯荣誉童子军称号”可知，安德鲁斯在1923年发现了恐龙蛋，1927年被授予了“荣誉童军”称号。他的亚洲之行和发现早期犀牛的化石都比发现恐龙蛋更早，文中也未提及他何时在博物馆工作，故选B。 4．细节理解题。本文是一篇以时间和事件为线索的人物传记，根据There, they found dinosaur fossils, as well as fossils from different mammals (哺乳动物), including a type of early rhinos“在那里，他们发现了恐龙化石，以及不同哺乳动物的化石，包括一种早期犀牛”、 Andrews sent his discoveries to the American Museum of Natural History in New York“安德鲁斯将他的发现送到纽约的美国自然历史博物馆”、Andrews’ most interesting discovery was made in 1923 in the Gobi Desert. He and his team became the first, people to find dinosaur eggs“最有趣的发现是1923年在戈壁沙漠发现的。他和他的团队成为第一个发现恐龙蛋的人”以及In 1927, the Boy Scouts (童子军) of America made Andrews an honorary Scout“1927年，美国童子军授予安德鲁斯荣誉童子军称号”可知可知，正确顺序为bdac，故选D。 5．推理判断题。该题旨在考核区分事实和观点的能力，观点带有主观性，事实通常是可以被证实的。选项A“安德鲁斯在20世纪20年代去亚洲旅行”、B“安德鲁斯发现了一种早期的犀牛”和D“恐龙不生小婴儿”可知，在文中都有提及且能被证实，而选项C“安德鲁斯最有趣的发现是恐龙蛋”中有interesting这一带有个人观点的词，不能算事实。故选C。 6．推理判断题。A.地球历史；B.美国探险家；C.海洋与动物；D.早期人类。文章主要介绍了罗伊查尔曼安德鲁斯作为著名探险家的重要发现和成就，所以应该是“美国探险家”，故选B。 【点睛】做细节理解题时要先划关键词，再根据关键词定位到文中的某一段即可做出题目。 例如第2题，根据关键词Why以及want Andrews to keep exploring可知，定位至They liked what he found and encouraged him to keep searching“他们喜欢他的发现并鼓励他继续寻找”可知，纽约自然历史博物馆喜欢安德鲁斯的发现并鼓励他继续探索有价值的东西。故选A。 Have you ever seen chipmunks (花栗鼠)? They look very much like squirrels (松鼠), but they spend much of their time on the ground. People name this animal chipmunk because they make the special chip-chip sound. There are as many as 25 kinds of chipmunks, and most live in North America. A wild chipmunk can live for 2 to 5 years. Chipmunks are very small, and they enjoy living alone. When they are two months old, they leave their mothers to live by themselves. They build their own homes and start collecting food there all by themselves. They do not like living or making friends with other chipmunks much. Unlike other hibernating (冬眠的) animals, chipmunks do not live on body fats during winters. They collect and keep food during summers and eat it during winters. In winter, they don’t sleep all the way through the winter. They are light sleepers and wake up every few days to eat food. Chipmunks may not be as popular as pet dogs or pet cats, but they can be good ones. They can feed on many things from vegetables and fruits to nuts (坚果) and bird eggs. They sleep at night, so you don’t have to look after them during night time. But you have to remember one thing—chipmunks have trust problems, so it takes time for them to become close to you. 1．What can we learn about the chipmunks from the first paragraph? A．Some of their relatives. B．Their living place. C．How they live in the wild. D．Their number in the wild. 2．How old are chipmunks when they begin to live alone? A．2 months old. B．5 months old. C．2 years old. D．5 years old. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Where chipmunks keep their food. B．How chipmunks go through winter. C．What chipmunks eat during winters. D．Why chipmunks are special animals. 4．If you want to have a pet chipmunk, you have to _______. A．buy it lots of food B．look after it at night C．give it time to trust you D．keep it away from your dog 5．Where can we read the text? A．In a student’s diary. B．In a movie advertisement. C．In a noticeboard at school. D．In an encyclopaedia of animals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了花栗鼠的生活习性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“most live in North America”可知，花栗鼠大部分生活在北美，这是生存地点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When they are two months old, they leave their mothers to live by themselves.”可知，当它们两个月大的时候，它们离开母亲独自生活。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，花栗鼠在冬天不以体内脂肪为生；它们在夏天收集和保存食物，在冬天吃；在冬天，他们整个冬天都睡不着，他们睡得很浅，每隔几天就会醒来吃点东西。由此可知，该段介绍了花栗鼠是如何过冬的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But you have to remember one thing—chipmunks have trust problems, so it takes time for them to become close to you.”可知，花栗鼠有信任问题，它们需要时间才能与人亲近，即给花栗鼠时间来信任你。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通过文章可知，本文主要介绍了花栗鼠的生活习性。由此推知可能出现在在动物百科全书中。故选D。 The World Cup is a world football competition, and it takes place every four years. In 2022, the host country is Qatar (卡塔尔). It is the first time for a country in the Middle East to host the game, and only the second time for an Asian country to host it. Here are some facts about Qatar and the World Cup 2022. Meaningful mascot (吉祥物) The mascot of the World Cup 2022 is named La’eeb! It means a “super-skilled player” in Arabic. Some Chinese internet users suggested it looked like a wonton skin or the flying carpet (毯子) in 1,001 Nights, Many football fans hope that La’eeb will bring the joy of soccer to everyone. Play football in winter Usually, the World Cup is played in summer. But this time, we need to enjoy it in winter. Why? The reason is simple. Qatar is too hot in summer! In summer, the temperature (温度) there could rise up to 50℃. When winter comes, it goes down to around 20-30℃. That’s much better for outdoor sports. Small but rich Qatar is a small country, and the whole country is even smaller than Beijing. People there mainly speak Arabic. Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world because it has lots of oil and natural gas. 1．What does La’eeb, the mascot of the World Cup 2022, mean in Arabic? A．A wonton skin. B．A super-skilled player. C．A flying carpet. D．A football fan. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Qatar B．football C．the temperature D．sports 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Food. B．Season. C．Host country. D．Mascot. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The World Cup is always played in winter. B．In summer, the temperature in Qatar could rise up to 60℃. C．Qatar is the first Asian country to host the World Cup. D．People hope La’eeb can bring everyone the joy of soccer. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．An encyclopaedia. B．A history book. C．A fashion magazine. D．A storybook. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于卡塔尔和2022世界杯的一些事实。 1．细节理解题。根据“The mascot of the World Cup 2022 is named La’eeb! It means a ‘super-skilled player’ in Arabic.”可知La’eeb在阿拉伯语中的意思是一个技术高超的选手。故选B。 2．代词指代题。根据“In summer, the temperature there could rise up to 50℃. When winter comes, it goes down to around 20-30℃.”可知夏天，那里的温度可高达50℃。当冬天来临时，气温下降到20-30℃左右。由此可推出it指代上文提到过的the temperature。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Meaningful mascot”、“Play football in winter”及“In 2022, the host country is Qatar.”可知提到了季节、主办国和吉祥物，未提到食物。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Many football fans hope that La’eeb will bring the joy of soccer to everyone.”可知人们希望La’eeb能给每个人带来足球的快乐。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“Here are some facts about Qatar and the World Cup 2022.”可知本文主要介绍了关于卡塔尔和2022世界杯的一些事实。由此可推出最可能出现在一本百科全书上。故选A。 The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years. The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420. In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum. 1．What is another name of the Palace Museum? A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City. C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square. 2．When did people start to build the Forbidden City? A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925. 3．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City? A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China. B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world. C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters. D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925. 5．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City.”可知，故宫博物院也被称为紫禁城。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it.”可知，1406年，人们开始建造它。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420.”可知，1406年开始建造，1420年建成，共用了14年的时间。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代).”可知，故宫博物院是明清两个朝代的皇宫，不是中国每个朝代的皇宫，A错误。故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆，例举了一些基本知识，最可能出自一本百科全书。故选C。 So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by. A soon-to-be-started website might help. Some scientists set up a web-based Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL). It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people. To get the encyclopaedia started, the scientists will use information in the scientific databases（数据库）. And finally, non-scientists with specialized（专业的）knowledge will come to help in the site. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they see and where they live. To make sure the encyclopaedia is right, scientists will check much of the information added to it. As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools. The site will make some special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. And the EOL is also helpful for you to choose whatever information you like. It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope the EOL will speed up that process. 1．What does the web-based EOL aim to do? A．To save all the plants. B．To work out the number of birds. C．To find out what covers the Earth. D．To name all the living things on Earth. 2．What is one of the characteristics（特点）of the EOL? A．It is set up by school students. B．It has been open to the public. C．It is about different types of grass and birds. D．It produces different kinds of information about species. 3．What does the underlined part “that process” refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Studying ecosystems. C．Creating a new way. D．Describing and analyzing species. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．There are 1.8 million living species on earth. B．There are no non-scientists helping in the site. C．EOL is not useful for you to choose information. D．As the EOL develops, students might find it’s useful for them. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文讲了一些科学家建立了基于网络的生命百科全书，详细地介绍了它的目的和一些信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“It wants to name every species on Earth and be a good guide for people.”可知EOL的目的是为地球上所有的生物命名。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species, but that is just a small number of what probably lives on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things on the planet, it can be difficult to find out what kind of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of birds just flew by.”可知地球上有如此多的植物、动物和其他生物，很难知道路边长着什么样的草，或者刚刚飞过的是什么样的鸟，EOL可能会有所帮助，由此推出EOL提供了不同种类的物种信息。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“It takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to analyze species now. The scientists of the Encyclopaedia of Life hope that EOL will speed up that process.”可知现在，科学家需要数年时间来收集分析物种所需的所有数据。生命百科全书的科学家们希望EOL能加快收集数据这一进程。可推出that process指代“收集数据”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“As the EOL develops, you might find it is useful for schools.”可知随着EOL的发展，学生可能会发现它对他们很有用，D项正确。故选D。 Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as encyclopaedia of science and encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master （哑剧大师） from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions（面部表情）. Special Sea Animals Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters （水獭） love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 2．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．手势 C．感受 D．态度 3．The second article probably comes from the encyclopaedia of ________. A．plants B．planet C．animals D．nature 4．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The otter. D．The shark. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Encyclopaedias can give facts about science and music. B．Bizot didn’t say any words when he was giving a show. C．The fish swims in the water but can’t breathe in the water. D．Seals and otters eat smaller fish and sea plants. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文告诉百科全书能够为我们提供关于各种学科的事实和信息，并介绍了两篇来自百科全书的文章。一篇关于哑剧大师菲利普•比佐特，一篇关于海洋动物的。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old.”可知Bizot在8岁的时候就开始学习哑剧，也就是1975年。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，Bizot是一名哑剧大师，他通常通过身体、手势和面部表情来表演节目，可知推知“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea?”可知，第二篇文章主要介绍了生活在海洋里的一些动物。由此可知，这篇文章可能来自动物的百科全书，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish… There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin…Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭)love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air.”可知，鲸鱼不是鱼，它在水中游泳，不能在水中呼吸。但鱼却不是，它既能在水中游泳，也能在水中呼吸。C项说法错误，但符合题意。故选C。 If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (融化) of tons of rock. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rock started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortage, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 1．What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 2．According to the scientist, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rock melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 3．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortage. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 4．Which of the following statement is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaur’s die-off. 5．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家对恐龙灭绝的一个假想——小行星撞击地球的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”可知，人们认为小行星的撞击使恐龙灭绝。结合句意，it指代的是“小行星的撞击使恐龙灭绝的想法”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (融化) of tons of rock.”可知，小行星的撞击导致了很多岩石融化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortage, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，因为食物短缺，很多动物死亡，包括几乎所有的恐龙。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝的科学解释还没有被证实。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文是关于科学家探索恐龙灭绝的科学猜想，所以可能出现在关于动物的百科全书中。故选C。 二、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Encyclopaedia Britannica The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous encyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. The first edition(版本) was published in 1768 and since then there have been 15 editions. The 15th edition is made up of 32 volumes(册). Together they contain about 40 million words on half a million topics. Today there is a DVD edition of the Britannica. You can also find it online 1．What is the Encyclopaedia Britannica? 2．When did the first edition of the Britannica come out? 3．How many volumes is the 15th edition made up of? 4．Where can you find a DVD edition of the Britannica? 5．Is the Encyclopaedia Britanmica written in English? 【答案】1．A world-famous encyclopaedia./An encyclopaedia./The oldest English-language encyclopaedia. 2．In 1768. 3．32. 4．Online. 5．Yes. 【导语】本文主要介绍了大英百科全书的信息。 1．根据“The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous encyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia.”可知大英百科全书是世界著名的百科全书。这是最古老的英语百科全书。故填A world-famous encyclopaedia./An encyclopaedia./The oldest English-language encyclopaedia. 2．根据“The first edition(版本)was published in 1768”可知第一版于1768年出版，故填In 1768. 3．根据“The 15th edition is made up of 32 volumes(册). ”可知第15版共32册，故填32. 4．根据“Today there is a DVD edition of the Britannica.You can also find it online”可知你可以在网上找到它，故填Online. 5．根据“It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia.”可知大英百科全书是用英语写的，故填Yes. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 An encyclopaedia is a collection of information about things humans know. Some encyelopaedias give information on only one subject. Some encyclopaedias give information on all kinds of subjects. Here is a page from an encyclopaedia. 1．What is an encyclopaedia? 2．Does each encyclopaedia include only one subject? 3．Where is the guide word? 4．How many subjects are there on Page 358? 5．How are the subjects arranged (排列)? 【答案】1．(It is) A collection of information about things humans know. 2．No./No, it isn’t. 3．At the top of each page. 4．Four./4. 5．In alphabetical order. 【导语】本文介绍了百科全书的定义，介绍的内容并列举了一页百科全书的内容。 1．根据“An encyclopaedia is a collection of information about things humans know.”可知，百科全书是关于人类所知事物的信息的集合。故填(It is) A collection of information about things humans know. 2．根据“Some encyelopaedias give information on only one subject. Some encyclopaedias give information on all kinds of subjects.”可知，有些百科全书只提供一个主题的信息，有些百科全书提供各种主题的信息，所以此处用否定回答。故填No./No, it isn’t. 3．根据“This is the guide word at the top of each page”可知，引导词在每页的顶部，故填At the top of each page. 4．根据“Violin...Violinist...Violist...Violoncello”可知，在358页介绍有四个话题，故填Four./4. 5．根据“The subjects are usually in alphabetical (字母的) order”可知，主题通常按字母顺序排列，故填In alphabetical order. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Pliny the Elder wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew. This work was made up of 37 books and had many subjects such as anthropology (人类学) and painting. Through the following few centuries, encyclopaedias were connected to religion (宗教). The first Christian edition appeared in 560 AD, and the first Muslim volume came to light soon after. One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia (《永乐大典》) appeared in China. It had 11,095 volumes. Most of the original work has been lost. Through the centuries, and people can see less than 400 volumes today. The word “encyclopaedia” coming from Greek means “a general knowledge”. It has been in use for at least 500 years. In the 20th century, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became the most well known western work of this type. At the same time, topical encyclopaedias became the most popular, covering different topics. At the end of the century, many publishers began to publish them in digital formats such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs). 1．When did the first Christian edition appear? 2．Can we see the original work of The Yongle Encyclopaedia? 3．Where did the word “encyclopaedia” come from, English or Greek? 4．How long has people used the word “encyclopaedia”? 【答案】1．In 560 AD. 2． No, we can’t. 3．Greek. 4．For at least 500 years. 【导语】本文主要讲了百科全书产生的历史和发展。 1．根据“ The first Christian edition appeared in 560 AD,”可知第一个基督教版出现在公元后560年。故填In 560 AD. 2．根据“Most of the original work has been lost.”（原著的大多数都已经丢失）可知，我们不能再看到《永乐大典》的原著了。故填No,we can’t. 3．根据“ The word ‘encyclopaedia’ coming from Greek means ‘a general knowledge.’ It has been in use for at least 500 years.”（“百科全书”一词来自希腊语，意为“总体的知识”）可知这个词来自希腊语。故填Greek。 4．根据“It has been in use for at least 500 years.”可知它已经使用了至少500年。故填For at least 500 years. 阅读回答问题 Pliny the Elder wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew (侄子) . This work was made up of 37 books and had many subjects such as anthropology (人类学) and painting. Through the following few centuries, encyclopaedias were connected to religion (宗教) . The first Christian (基督教的) edition appeared in 560 AD, and the first Muslim (伊斯兰教的) volume came to light soon after. One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia (《永乐大典》) appeared in China. It had 11, 095 volumes. Most of the original (原始的) work has been lost. Through the centuries, and people can see less than 400 volumes today. The word “encyclopaedia” coming from Greek means “a general knowledge”. It has been in use for at least 500 years. In the 20th century, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became the most well known western work of this type. At the same time, topical encyclopaedias became the most popular, covering different topics. At the end of the century, many publishers began to publish them in digital formats (版式) such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) . 1．Who wrote the first encyclopaedia? 2．When did The Yongle Encyclopaedia appear in China? 3．Where did the word “encyclopaedia” come from? 4．Do you think an encyclopaedia is useful? Why or why not? (Write 30 words or more) 【答案】1．Pliny the Elder and his nephew. / Pliny the Elder with the help of his nephew. 2．In 1403. 3．Greek. 4．Yes, an encyclopedia is very useful. It gives detailed information on many topics and is an important tool for learning, research, and gaining knowledge. Both adults and children can benefit from it. 【导语】本文介绍了老普林尼编写了第一部百科全书，经过几个世纪的发展，百科全书从宗教版本演变为数字格式，其中《永乐大典》是中国最长的百科全书之一。 1．根据“Pliny the Elder wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew (侄子) .”可知，老普林尼在他侄子的帮助下写了第一部百科全书。故填Pliny the Elder and his nephew. / Pliny the Elder with the help of his nephew. 2．根据“One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia (《永乐大典》) appeared in China.”可知，《永乐大典》是1403年出版的。故填In 1403. 3．根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ coming from Greek means ‘a general knowledge’.”可知，“百科全书”这个词来自希腊语。故填Greek. 4．开放性试题，答案不唯一。参考答案为Yes, an encyclopedia is very useful. It gives detailed information on many topics and is an important tool for learning, research, and gaining knowledge. Both adults and children can benefit from it. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Look it up! Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452-519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs live on Earth for more than 150 million years. That suddenly they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can lean about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 1．What does the pronoun “it” in the title refer to? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is the painting in picture a? Who painted it? ______________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why did the author mention Da Vinci’s paintings and inventions? ______________________________________________________________________________ 4．Could some dinosaurs fly? ______________________________________________________________________________ 5．How do people study dinosaurs? ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．(It refers to) Information. 2．(The painting is) The Mona Lisa. Da Vinci/ Da Vinci, Leonardo/ Leonardo da Vinci (painted it). 3．To show/prove Da Vinci’s great intelligence and artistic ability. 4．Yes(they could). 5．(People study dinosaurs) From their fossils. 【分析】本文介绍了百科全书里的两篇文章：一是关于列奥纳多·达·芬奇，二是关于恐龙。 1．题干为：标题中的代词“it”指的是什么？分析句子可知，look up是“查询”的含义，根据“Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.”可知，此处指查询百科全书里的信息，故填(It refers to) Information. 2．题干为：图a中的画是什么？这是谁画的？根据“His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa”可知，这幅画是《蒙娜丽莎》，且本段是在介绍列奥纳多·达·芬奇，故填(The painting is) The Mona Lisa. Da Vinci/ Da Vinci, Leonardo/ Leonardo da Vinci (painted it). 3．题干为：为什么作者提到达·芬奇的绘画和发明？根据“From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.”可知，作者提到达·芬奇的绘画和发明是为了展示/证明他很高的智力和艺术才能，故填To show/prove Da Vinci's great intelligence and artistic ability. 4．题干为：有些恐龙能飞吗？根据“Some could even fly.”可知，有些恐龙能飞，故填Yes(they could). 5．题干为：人们如何研究恐龙？根据“However, we can lean about them from their fossils.”可知，人们通过恐龙化石研究恐龙，故填(People study dinosaurs) From their fossils. 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 7 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$