精品解析：江苏省南京市六校联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期10月期中英语试题

2024-2025学年第一学期六校联合体10月联合调研 高三英语 （试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Which film does Mary want to see? A. Ordinary Angels. B. Bob Marley: One Love. C. Kung Fu Panda. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an apartment. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who is the woman probably talking to? A. A hotel receptionist. B. A travel agent. C. Her friend. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What happens to Sarah? A. She has a toothache. B. She needs an operation. C. She eats too much. 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman plan to do next? A. Drive home. B. See her husband. C. Pick Jack up. 7. What is Jack doing? A. Walking with Tim. B. Practicing football. C. Watching TV. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Why does Alice want to meet David? A. To seek for advice. B. To borrow some books. C. To invite him to a game. 9 How does Ethan sound in the end? A. Satisfied. B. Proud. C. Humble. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What did Helen do recently? A. She went on business trips. B. She learned about gardening. C. She visited her relatives. 11. Where is Gina now? A. In New York. B. In Chicago. C. In Atlanta. 12 How long has Helen lived in Denver? A. For 4 years. B. For 2 years. C. For 10 years. 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. A couple. C. Workmates. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What do the speakers agree on heroes? A. They achieve great success. B. They can be common people. C. They are like film characters. 15. Why does Hank think of his grandfather as his hero? A. He is committed to his career. B. He motivates Hank to be better. C. He tries his best to help others. 16. How does Anna find storybooks without heroes? A. Uninteresting. B. Acceptable. C. Realistic. 17. What does Hank mean in the end? A. It’s great to read more. B. Great writers do count. C. He dislikes storybooks. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What did Harry Nuriev do in 2019? A. He displayed a special sofa. B. He designed a sofa using bags. C. He searched a fair for old items. 19. What does Katie Treggiden think furniture companies should do? A. Improve product quality. B. Lengthen furniture’s life. C. Use sustainable material. 20. What is the main focus of the speaker? A. A designer’s green sofa. B. The change in the fashion industry. C. Problems in the furniture industry. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A WELCOME TO PAI PAI DOWNTOWN-18 Duncan Street Reserve Here Hours of operation: Mon 4:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. Tue-Thur 11:45 a.m. — 9:30 p.m. Fri-Sat 11:45 a.m. — 10:00 p.m. Sun 11:30 a.m. — 9:30 p.m. Reserve We have limited reservations available to welcome more walk-in guests to enjoy the PAI experience. To book a reservation, please email us at downtown@paitoronto.com. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday lunch reservations begin at 2:00 p.m.; walk-ins are welcome before then. Order Chef Nuit’s favorite dishes are highly recommended. Please let us know if you have any allergies or dietary restrictions prior to ordering! Please note a 20% service charge will automatically be added to your bill for parties of 6 or more. Catering Bring a little bit of PAI to the office, a cozy get-together, or a buzzing party. Whatever the occasion may be, our Catering Team would love to offer delivery services. Please send your inquiry below and our Catering Team will contact you at our earliest convenience. Special notice Our chain store PAI UPTOWN is temporarily closed for lunch service from October 4 to October 10 due to necessary maintenance. It will remain OPEN FOR DINNER SERVICE AS USUAL during this time. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your understanding. Reviews I could taste every ingredient. Even though I have a seafood allergy, I can have a great meal without worrying about it. — Milad ES Nice restaurant with good Thai flavors! But it seems that they were trying to process as many people as possible, so it was hard to enjoy food slowly with kids. I might try take out next time. — Edmund 21. On which day(s) does the restaurant have the longest operating hours? A. Monday B. Tuesday — Thursday C. Friday — Saturday D. Sunday 22. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The restaurant can tailor food to customers’ needs. B. You cannot have lunch at PAI UPTOWN on October 6. C. PAI can deliver food to your office if you are having a meeting. D. You will pay a 20% tip if you have a date with your girlfriend at PAI. 23. What is Edmund’s attitude toward this restaurant? A. appreciative B. disappointed C. objective D. uninterested B When it takes days to get to a city, seeking medical help can be a challenge. This is the reality in many villages in Amdo county, Nagchu city of the Xizang autonomous region. The county spans approximately 100,000 square kilometers, an area as vast as Jiangsu province. Due to the vastness and sparse (稀少的) population, a unique healthcare system has been established here. Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said. With an average elevation exceeding 5,000 meters, conditions in Amdo make high-altitude cardiovascular diseases, gout (痛风) and high blood pressure relatively common. Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well. Drawing from his years of medical experience, he tailors treatment methods — be it Tibetan, Chinese, Western or a combination — based on each patient’s needs. During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself. Tsega believes that soaking in hot springs can help ease pain or prevent illnesses related to high altitude. Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area. In 1974, Tsega also cooperated with personnel from the Lanzhou military and geological teams for a 40-day filming project, capturing the beauty and fragility of the Yangtze River’s source. Since then, he has devoted his spare time to cleaning up the surrounding area, contributing to environmental protection efforts. 24. What made offering medical help difficult in the past in Amdo? A. Sparse population. B. Traffic inconvenience. C. High altitude. D. Environmental pollution. 25. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. fascinated by B. skilled at C. gifted in D. blessed with 26. Which of the following best describes Tsega’s personality? A. committed and selfless B. passionate and courageous C. sympathetic and grateful D. considerate and disciplined 27. What is the text mainly about? A. Tsega devotes his lifetime to environmental protection. B. The medical challenge has been tackled in sparsely populated areas. C. A doctor has used hot springs to relieve high-altitude diseases. D. A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county. C Despite all the efforts students make to graduate with a science major, research has shown that most college science courses provide students with only a fragmented (碎片化的) understanding of fundamental scientific concepts. The teaching method improves memorization of separate facts, proceeding from one textbook chapter to the next without necessarily making connections between them, instead of learning how to use the information and connect those facts meaningfully. With that in mind, we developed a series of cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) activities. In our most recent study, we investigated how well college students could use their chemistry knowledge to explain real-world biological phenomena. To begin with, we interviewed 28 first-year college students majoring in sciences or engineering. All had taken both introductory chemistry and biology courses. We asked them to identify the content of these courses and what they believed to be the take-home messages from each course. The students responded with extensive lists of topics, concepts, and skills that they’d learned in class. Following that, a set of cross-disciplinary activities were designed to guide students in the use of core chemistry ideas and knowledge to help explain real-world biological phenomena. One activity explored the impacts of ocean acidification on seashells. Here, the students were asked to use basic chemistry ideas to explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in sea water is affecting shell-building marine animals such as corals, clams (蛤蜊) and oysters. Overall, the students felt confident of their chemistry knowledge. However, they had a harder time applying the same chemistry knowledge to explaining the biological phenomena. These findings highlight that a big gap remains between what students learn in their science courses and how well prepared they are to apply that information. The students in our study also reported that these activities helped them see links between the two disciplines that they wouldn’t have perceived otherwise. The ability to make these connections is important beyond the classroom as well, because it’s the basis of science literacy (科学素养). So we also came away with evidence that our chemistry students at least would like to have the ability to have a deeper understanding of science and how to apply it. 28. What does the existing science education fail to do according to the research? A. Promote memorization of separate facts. B. Understand fragmented scientific concepts. C. Encourage students to enjoy the learning process. D. Teach students to integrate different subjects. 29. What can we learn about the student interviewees in the first step of study? A. They had rich academic knowledge. B. They paid little attention to biology courses. C. They managed to apply their chemistry knowledge. D They hardly identified the core ideas of the courses. 30. What does the activity about ocean acidification expect students to do? A. Study some unusual phenomena under the sea. B. Interpret the effects of carbon dioxide on sea creatures. C. Analyze the level of carbon dioxide in sea water. D. Come up with practical methods to protect marine animals. 31. What does the author see from the result of the study according to the last paragraph? A. The need to study scientific knowledge in class. B. The difficulties of developing cross-disciplinary abilities. C. The potential to promote students’ science literacy. D. The methods of enhancing students’ practical skills. D Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers - things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade. Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. 32. What does the AI jailbreak refer to? A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C. The capability of AI models improving themselves. D. The process of AI models learning new information. 33. What can we know about the persona modulation? A. It can help AI models understand emotions. B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C. It forces AI models to follow only good personas. D. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. 34. What may the author suggest by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. The risks of LLMs cannot be ignored. B. We need to control the side effects of drugs. C. It’s worthwhile to explore LLMs’ potential benefits. D. We should restrict the development of LLMs. 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Playing Sports Benefits Your Body and Your Brain Many people love to celebrate victory on the playing field, cheer for their favorite teams, and play sports. But here’s a question: Should we be so addicted to sports? Is playing sports actually as good for us as we make it out to be, or just a fun and entertaining pastime? ____36____. First of all, exercising, especially when we’re young, has all sorts of health benefits. It strengthens our bones, clears out bad cholesterol (胆固醇) from our arteries, and decreases the risk of stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes. When we work out, our brains also release a number of chemicals, including endorphins (内啡肽). These natural hormones control pain and pleasure responses in the central nervous system. ____37____. Studies show that if you can find a sport and a team you like, there are all sorts of benefits that go beyond the physical and mental benefits of exercise alone. In addition, commitment to a team and doing something fun can also make it easier to establish a regular habit of exercise. School sport participation has also been shown to reduce the risk of suffering from depression for up to four years. ____38____. There are a few reasons for that. One is found in training. Just by working at skills, especially with a good coach, you develop a growth mindset within yourself, which is useful in all walks of life. ____39____. The experience of coming to terms with defeat can build the resilience (复原力) and self-awareness necessary to manage academic, social, and physical obstacles. Now, not everyone will enjoy every sport. But if you spend some time looking, you’ll be able to find a sport that fits your individual needs. ____40____. You’ll be a part of a supportive community, you’ll be building your confidence, you’ll be exercising your body, and you’ll be nurturing your mind. A. What does science have to say? B. Therefore, you’ll get a lot of fun. C. They can lead to feelings of excitement. D. And if you do, there are so many benefits. E. And then there is learning through failure. F. Should we get much benefit from going to the gym? G. Meanwhile, your self-esteem (自尊) and confidence can get a big boost. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In Scotland, a sheep, known as the “loneliest sheep” on the earth, was trapped at the bottom of a cliff for over two years. A group of farmers made it their ___41___ to rescue the sheep. The sheep was first ___42___ in 2021 by a kayaker (皮划艇运动员) and had been unable to move from that ___43___ since then. Local agencies were ___44___ but said the sheep was not in danger and could not be rescued. One of the farmers, Wilson, named the sheep Fiona and provided ___45___ about her on his social media account constantly. Wilson explained that it was too ___46___ to attempt a rescue earlier due to the dangerous location of the sheep. He expressed concerns about the safety of the rescuers and the difficulty of ___47___ the sheep by boat or with a dog. However, after careful ___48___, Wilson and four other men successfully rescued Fiona using heavy ___49___ and a winch (绞车). They ____50____ brought her to the slope of the cliff. The Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was present to ____51____ the welfare of the sheep. They confirmed that Fiona was in good ____52____ but needed her wool to be sheared (剪). The ownership of the sheep was transferred to the ____53____ group of farmers. Wilson ____54____ the details of the rescue and expressed gratitude for the successful ____55____. 41. A. determination B. mission C. devotion D. ambition 42. A. discovered B. investigated C. employed D. followed 43. A. basis B. form C. spot D. extent 44. A. sympathetic B. enthusiastic C. optimistic D. pessimistic 45. A. comments B. identities C. benefits D. updates 46. A. illegal B. expensive C. risky D. complex 47. A. finding B. reaching C. defending D. caring 48. A. training B. planning C. identifying D. interacting 49. A. substance B. material C. equipment D. luggage 50. A. frequently B. physically C. openly D. safely 51 A. ensure B. guide C. promote D. provide 52. A. order B. repair C. faith D. condition 53. A. charity B. protection C. rescue D. cheering 54. A. called up B. brought in C. broke down D. reflected on 55. A. scene B. outcome C. output D. incident 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated movie Chang’an turned out to be ____56____ great hit in the summer season in 2023. ____57____ (name) after the ancient name for Xi’an in Shaanxi Province, which ____58____ (serve) as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years, the movie brings ____59____ life some of the most iconic figures in Chinese literary history. Despite Li Bai and Du Fu featured in a lot of movies and TV shows in past decades, the movie employs a(an) ____60____ (conventional) perspective to attract viewers’ attention from the start. It begins with the memories of Gao Shi, also a renowned poet, ____61____ name alone can evoke (引起，唤起) legends. In the movie, Li and Gao became lifelong friends, who witnessed the Tang Dynasty fall into decline caused by a war led by An Lushan, who was once one of Emperor Xuanzong’s most trusted generals from a ____62____ (prosper) age. ____63____ Li and Gao, the movie also features some of the most famous poets and artists of the era, including Wang Changling, known for his military-themed poems, calligrapher Zhang Xu and palace ____64____ (music) Li Guinian. As the movie has also been scheduled _____65_____ (release) overseas, director Zou Jing expressed his hope of attracting more foreign audiences. 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，外教Jason想了解学生对这学期英语课程中使用的合作式学习方式的反馈，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 合作式学习在你班的开展情况； 2. 你的体验和感受。 参考词汇：合作式学习cooperative learning 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jason, I hope you’re doing well. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Don’t hesitate to contact me if you expect further information. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Justin and his friend David had known each other before they became classmates. David didn’t seem to mind that Justin was small for his age. But on the first day of school, when David and Justin had lunch with the rest of the fifth-grade boys, Steven asked when David had started playing with babies, which made Justin uneasy. Several weeks later, David called to invite Justin to his birthday party at his grandfather’s farm. Justin didn’t want to go initially because he had wanted to spend the day running. When he ran, the problems at school didn’t matter, and being the smallest kid in his class didn’t matter, either. This Saturday, however, he reached the farm with Steven. David’s mother suggested that David show the boys around, so David asked his grandfather, Mr. Hamilton, to drive them to the foot of a hill. Mr. Hamilton left to prepare for the party. The boys decided to enter a cave, go out from a hole at its top, climb the hill and then hike back. The entrance to the cave was a big stone room with huge wooden pillars (柱子) supporting the doorway. About thirty feet in was a wall of rocks blocking further entrance. From the hole in the ceiling, light shone on the back wall. David started to show the boys how to climb up the back wall. “Let me go first,” Steven demanded. He grabbed David’s belt and pulled him off the rock, throwing him onto the ground. “Watch out!” shouted Justin. But it was too late. David fell hard against a pillar and the wood started to crack. A second later the pillar fell. Then part of the ceiling collapsed. Dust filled the air. When the dust finally settled, the boys found themselves trapped in the cave and the only exit was the hole in the ceiling, which became smaller — too small for anyone to go out. Worse still, a stream of water was flowing into the cave. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Justin looked up at the hole and said, “I might be small enough to get out.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Out of breath, Justin finally saw the farmhouse. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年第一学期六校联合体10月联合调研 高三英语 （试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Which film does Mary want to see? A. Ordinary Angels. B. Bob Marley: One Love. C. Kung Fu Panda. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: What’s on at the movies, John? M: Let me see, Mary. Ordinary Angels and Bob Marley: One Love are now showing at most theatres. But there is something special at the Star Cinema—Kung Fu Panda 4 is on there. W: Let’s go to the Star Cinema. The other two sound boring. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an apartment. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Good evening, sir. Can I help you? M: A table for five, please. We are expecting another two friends. They will be here at about six o’clock. W: OK. May I take your order? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who is the woman probably talking to? A. A hotel receptionist. B. A travel agent. C. Her friend. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: How was your room last night? W: Great. I slept like a baby. The bed is comfortable and the rate is quite reasonable. Can I check out now? M: Sure. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: The weather is so changeable at this time of year. Just now we were bathed in sunshine, enjoying the warmth. But look! A bank of clouds are rolling in. It looks like rain. I hope it won’t ruin our day. M: Don’t worry. The weather report says it will clear up soon. W: Thankfully it will! I can’t stand the rainy weather. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What happens to Sarah? A. She has a toothache. B. She needs an operation. C. She eats too much. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Open your mouth wide, Sarah. I’ll have your teeth checked. W: I hate any operation. Can you just give me some medicine for the pain? M: No worries. Nothing serious. Medicine will do. But do keep in mind that too many sugary foods are bad for your teeth. 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman plan to do next? A. Drive home. B. See her husband. C. Pick Jack up. 7. What is Jack doing? A. Walking with Tim. B. Practicing football. C. Watching TV. 【答案】6. C 7. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Mom, I’m ringing to tell you I’m at Tim’s house. Football practice finished early, so we walked here together. W: OK, well, it’s 5:30 p.m. now. I’ll drive and collect you at 6:00 p.m. M: Oh, there’s something good on television. Can you come and get me after it, at 7:00 p.m.? W: I can’t, Jack. I’ve got to pick your dad up from the station then. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Why does Alice want to meet David? A. To seek for advice. B. To borrow some books. C. To invite him to a game. 9 How does Ethan sound in the end? A. Satisfied. B. Proud. C. Humble. 【答案】8. B 9. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Hey, Alice! What are you going to do? W: I’m going to meet David. You know I need to finish the final paper in three days, Ethan. So I want him to lend me some reference books. I believe he won’t disappoint me. M: Yes. I heard he is a warm-hearted guy. W: Oh, by the way, I watched your team play last night and all of you did a great job. Congratulations on your win! M: We were just lucky to win the game. But thanks all the same! 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What did Helen do recently? A. She went on business trips. B. She learned about gardening. C. She visited her relatives. 11. Where is Gina now? A. In New York. B. In Chicago. C. In Atlanta. 12. How long has Helen lived in Denver? A. For 4 years. B. For 2 years. C. For 10 years. 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. A couple. C. Workmates. 【答案】10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, Tom! It’s great to see you again. M: Hi, Helen! Long time no see. Where did you go? W: Well, last week I flew to New York for two business meetings. After that, I flew to Atlanta, where I had to make a presentation at a company conference. M: It sounds like you’ve been busy. W: Yes. It’s good to be home again. What have you been doing lately? M: Oh, nothing much. I’ve been working in the garden these past few days, because Gina has gone to visit her relatives in Chicago. They haven’t seen each other since we settled in Denver. W: How long have you lived here in Denver? M: We’ve lived here for four years and they’ve been the happiest years of our lives. W: Evan and I also love this neighborhood. Though we’ve only lived here for two years. M: That’s strange. I always thought you had lived here for more than ten years. W: No, we moved here after you. Well, I have to get going. Have a good day. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What do the speakers agree on heroes? A. They achieve great success. B. They can be common people. C. They are like film characters. 15. Why does Hank think of his grandfather as his hero? A. He is committed to his career. B. He motivates Hank to be better. C. He tries his best to help others. 16. How does Anna find storybooks without heroes? A. Uninteresting. B. Acceptable. C. Realistic. 17. What does Hank mean in the end? A. It’s great to read more. B. Great writers do count. C. He dislikes storybooks. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, Hank! What’s that book you’re reading? M: Hi, Anna. It’s about the teenagers who are thought of as heroes. I mean, lots of people think nowadays a hero has to be someone like those in films. But I think there are plenty of ordinary people around doing great things. W: Mmm, I guess so. Those people can be heroes too. M: That’s a bit like my granddad, then. He’s done all sorts of things to lend other people a hand. To do this, he even left a large company and gave up a high-paying job. He’s surely my hero. W: He sounds like one of those motivating heroes you find in storybooks. M: Yeah, he is. And a storybook is one place where you do need proper heroes. W: I’m with you there. I have read loads of storybooks which are close to reality and I surely wouldn’t get to the end if they didn’t have heroes. Too boring. M: Great writers can really help you to love reading. I mean, I wasn’t fond of reading until I found my favorite. Still, it’s unusual to find writers that can do that — for me, anyway. W: That’s right. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What did Harry Nuriev do in 2019? A. He displayed a special sofa. B. He designed a sofa using bags. C. He searched a fair for old items. 19. What does Katie Treggiden think furniture companies should do? A. Improve product quality. B. Lengthen furniture’s life. C. Use sustainable material. 20. What is the main focus of the speaker? A. A designer’s green sofa. B. The change in the fashion industry. C. Problems in the furniture industry. 【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Russian designer Harry Nuriev’s latest sofa is made from a pile of waste bags. He wants it to draw attention to waste things and how we use them. The piece was based on an idea he first explored at a fair in 2019, when he presented a sofa made from old clothes. The project commented on the fashion industry’s waste problem, which is mainly generated by cheap, trend-responsive “fast fashion”. The project also drew a direct line between the waste problem and the furniture industry. It’s estimated that 9 million tons of furniture are thrown away every single year, and over 80% of it ends up in landfill. Add to that the carbon releases caused by producing and shipping it, and the furniture industry looks like another threat to the global climate. With so much waste furniture, brands that make typically “fast” furniture are announcing efforts to change. Some companies commit to using only renewable or recyclable materials to cut carbon release. Katie Treggiden, design expert and author of Wasted: When Trash Becomes Treasure, said that having a long life has been a key selling message among responsible furniture companies for a long time. She added they also need to offer repair and take-back service to give their products a second life. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A WELCOME TO PAI PAI DOWNTOWN-18 Duncan Street Reserve Here Hours of operation: Mon 4:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. Tue-Thur 11:45 a.m. — 9:30 p.m. Fri-Sat 11:45 a.m. — 10:00 p.m. Sun 11:30 a.m. — 9:30 p.m. Reserve We have limited reservations available to welcome more walk-in guests to enjoy the PAI experience. To book a reservation, please email us at downtown@paitoronto.com. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday lunch reservations begin at 2:00 p.m.; walk-ins are welcome before then. Order Chef Nuit’s favorite dishes are highly recommended. Please let us know if you have any allergies or dietary restrictions prior to ordering! Please note a 20% service charge will automatically be added to your bill for parties of 6 or more. Catering Bring a little bit of PAI to the office, a cozy get-together, or a buzzing party. Whatever the occasion may be, our Catering Team would love to offer delivery services. Please send your inquiry below and our Catering Team will contact you at our earliest convenience. Special notice Our chain store PAI UPTOWN is temporarily closed for lunch service from October 4 to October 10 due to necessary maintenance. It will remain OPEN FOR DINNER SERVICE AS USUAL during this time. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your understanding. Reviews I could taste every ingredient. Even though I have a seafood allergy, I can have a great meal without worrying about it. — Milad ES Nice restaurant with good Thai flavors! But it seems that they were trying to process as many people as possible, so it was hard to enjoy food slowly with kids. I might try take out next time. — Edmund 21. On which day(s) does the restaurant have the longest operating hours? A. Monday B. Tuesday — Thursday C. Friday — Saturday D. Sunday 22. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The restaurant can tailor food to customers’ needs. B. You cannot have lunch at PAI UPTOWN on October 6. C. PAI can deliver food to your office if you are having a meeting. D. You will pay a 20% tip if you have a date with your girlfriend at PAI. 23. What is Edmund’s attitude toward this restaurant? A. appreciative B. disappointed C. objective D. uninterested 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。作者通过介绍PAI餐厅的营业时间、预订方式、菜品推荐、外卖服务以及特别通知等信息，旨在向读者提供有关该餐厅的实用信息，方便读者了解和选择该餐厅。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Hours of operation:部分中“Mon 4:00 p.m.-9:30 p.m. (星期一下午4:00至9:30)”、“Tue-Thur 11:45 a.m.-9:30 p.m. (星期二至星期四上午11:45至晚上9:30)”、“Fri-Sat 11:45 a.m.-10:00 p.m. (星期五至六上午11:45至晚上10:00)”、“Sun 11:30 a.m.-9:30 p.m. (星期日上午11:30-晚上9:30)”可知，餐厅在周五和周六的营业时间最长，从上午11:45到晚上10:00。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Order部分中“Please note a 20% service charge will automatically be added to your bill for parties of 6 or more. (请注意，如果6人以上的聚会，20%的服务费将自动加到您的账单中。)”可知，只有6人或以上的聚会才会自动添加20%的服务费，而不是和女朋友约会就要支付20%的小费。因此，选项D不正确。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。由文章Reviews部分中“Nice restaurant with good Thai flavors! But it seems that they were trying to process as many people as possible, so it was hard to enjoy food slowly with kids. I might try take out next time. (不错的泰国风味餐厅！但似乎他们试图接待尽可能多的人，所以很难和孩子一起慢慢享受食物。下次我可能会试试带出去持。)”可知，Edmund对这家餐厅持客观态度，既看到了它的优点也看到了它的缺点。故选C。 B When it takes days to get to a city, seeking medical help can be a challenge. This is the reality in many villages in Amdo county, Nagchu city of the Xizang autonomous region. The county spans approximately 100,000 square kilometers, an area as vast as Jiangsu province. Due to the vastness and sparse (稀少的) population, a unique healthcare system has been established here. Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years, shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said. With an average elevation exceeding 5,000 meters, conditions in Amdo make high-altitude cardiovascular diseases, gout (痛风) and high blood pressure relatively common. Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well. Drawing from his years of medical experience, he tailors treatment methods — be it Tibetan, Chinese, Western or a combination — based on each patient’s needs. During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself. Tsega believes that soaking in hot springs can help ease pain or prevent illnesses related to high altitude. Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area. In 1974, Tsega also cooperated with personnel from the Lanzhou military and geological teams for a 40-day filming project, capturing the beauty and fragility of the Yangtze River’s source. Since then, he has devoted his spare time to cleaning up the surrounding area, contributing to environmental protection efforts. 24. What made offering medical help difficult in the past in Amdo? A. Sparse population. B. Traffic inconvenience. C. High altitude. D. Environmental pollution. 25. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. fascinated by B. skilled at C. gifted in D. blessed with 26. Which of the following best describes Tsega’s personality? A. committed and selfless B. passionate and courageous C. sympathetic and grateful D. considerate and disciplined 27. What is the text mainly about? A. Tsega devotes his lifetime to environmental protection. B. The medical challenge has been tackled in sparsely populated areas. C. A doctor has used hot springs to relieve high-altitude diseases. D. A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county. 【答案】24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said.( Tsega说“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”可知，过去在安多，交通不便让提供医疗帮助变得困难。故选B项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的部分“and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu”可知，通过在那曲人民医院接受一年多的专业培训，Tsega肯定是熟练掌握了西医。所以，划线短语proficient in的意义为“在…方面很熟练，精通于”，与B项skilled at意义一致。故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years, shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said.(Tsega在安多做了40多年的乡村医生，穿梭于草原和牧区之间。Tsega说：“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”和第五段“Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well.(在他20岁出头的时候，他发现了自己对治疗和帮助他人的热情，开始自学藏医和中医，后来在那曲人民医院接受了一年多的专业培训，也熟练掌握了西医。)”可知，Tsega是个尽心尽力的人。根据第六段的句子“During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself.(在就诊期间，他随身携带乡镇医院提供的各种药物，并自己购买一些。)”和第七段的句子“Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area.(在过去的十年里，他个人资助了该地区为老人、弱者和残疾人举办的年度温泉活动。)”可知，Tsega是个无私的人。故选A项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。所以，D项“A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county.”可以概括本文主要内容。故选D项。 C Despite all the efforts students make to graduate with a science major, research has shown that most college science courses provide students with only a fragmented (碎片化的) understanding of fundamental scientific concepts. The teaching method improves memorization of separate facts, proceeding from one textbook chapter to the next without necessarily making connections between them, instead of learning how to use the information and connect those facts meaningfully. With that in mind, we developed a series of cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) activities. In our most recent study, we investigated how well college students could use their chemistry knowledge to explain real-world biological phenomena. To begin with, we interviewed 28 first-year college students majoring in sciences or engineering. All had taken both introductory chemistry and biology courses. We asked them to identify the content of these courses and what they believed to be the take-home messages from each course. The students responded with extensive lists of topics, concepts, and skills that they’d learned in class. Following that, a set of cross-disciplinary activities were designed to guide students in the use of core chemistry ideas and knowledge to help explain real-world biological phenomena. One activity explored the impacts of ocean acidification on seashells. Here, the students were asked to use basic chemistry ideas to explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in sea water is affecting shell-building marine animals such as corals, clams (蛤蜊) and oysters. Overall, the students felt confident of their chemistry knowledge. However, they had a harder time applying the same chemistry knowledge to explaining the biological phenomena. These findings highlight that a big gap remains between what students learn in their science courses and how well prepared they are to apply that information. The students in our study also reported that these activities helped them see links between the two disciplines that they wouldn’t have perceived otherwise. The ability to make these connections is important beyond the classroom as well because it’s the basis of science literacy (科学素养). So we also came away with evidence that our chemistry students at least would like to have the ability to have a deeper understanding of science and how to apply it. 28. What does the existing science education fail to do according to the research? A. Promote memorization of separate facts. B. Understand fragmented scientific concepts. C. Encourage students to enjoy the learning process. D. Teach students to integrate different subjects. 29. What can we learn about the student interviewees in the first step of study? A. They had rich academic knowledge. B. They paid little attention to biology courses. C. They managed to apply their chemistry knowledge. D. They hardly identified the core ideas of the courses. 30. What does the activity about ocean acidification expect students to do? A. Study some unusual phenomena under the sea. B. Interpret the effects of carbon dioxide on sea creatures. C. Analyze the level of carbon dioxide in sea water. D. Come up with practical methods to protect marine animals. 31. What does the author see from the result of the study according to the last paragraph? A. The need to study scientific knowledge in class. B. The difficulties of developing cross-disciplinary abilities. C. The potential to promote students’ science literacy. D. The methods of enhancing students’ practical skills. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于大学生在科学课程中学习情况的研究，详细阐述了当前科学教学方法存在的问题，以及为解决这些问题而设计的跨学科活动。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Despite all the efforts students make to graduate with a science major, research has shown that most college science courses provide students with only a fragmented(碎片化的) understanding of fundamental scientific concepts. The teaching method improves memorization of separate facts, proceeding from one textbook chapter to the next without necessarily making connections between them, instead of learning how to use the information and connect those facts meaningfully.(尽管学生们为攻读科学专业付出了诸多努力，但研究表明，大多数大学的科学课程只能让学生对基础科学概念有碎片化的理解。这种教学方法侧重于提高学生对单个事实的记忆力，从教科书的一章跳到下一章，而不一定在它们之间建立联系，而不是学习如何运用这些信息并将这些事实有意义地联系起来。)”可知，现有的科学教育未能做到的是教学生整合不同的学科，即将所学的信息有意义地联系起来。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To begin with, we interviewed 28 first-year college students majoring in sciences or engineering. All had taken both introductory chemistry and biology courses. We asked them to identify the content of these courses and what they believed to be the take-home messages from each course. The students responded with extensive lists of topics, concepts, and skills that they’d learned in class.(首先，我们采访了28名主修科学或工程的大一学生。他们都上过基础化学和生物学课程。我们让他们识别这些课程的内容，并说出他们认为每门课程的核心要点是什么。学生们给出了他们在课堂上学习过的大量话题、概念和技能清单。)”可知，学生们在课堂上学习了很多内容，即他们拥有丰富的学术知识。故选A。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One activity explored the impacts of ocean acidification on seashells. Here, the students were asked to use basic chemistry ideas to explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in sea water is affecting shell-building marine animals such as corals, clams(蛤蜊) and oysters.(其中一项活动探讨了海洋酸化对贝壳的影响。在这里，学生们被要求使用基本的化学原理来解释海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影响珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蛎等建造壳体的海洋生物的。)”可知，海洋酸化项目要求学生利用化学原理来解释海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影响珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蛎等建造壳体的海洋生物的。故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The students in our study also reported that these activities helped them see links between the two disciplines that they wouldn’t have perceived otherwise. The ability to make these connections is important beyond the classroom as well, because it’s the basis of science literacy(科学素养). So we also came away with evidence that our chemistry students at least would like to have the ability to have a deeper understanding of science and how to apply it.(我们研究中的学生还报告说，这些活动帮助他们看到了这两个学科之间的联系，而这些联系是他们之前未曾察觉到的。建立这些联系的能力不仅在课堂之外很重要，因为它是科学素养的基础。因此，我们也得到了证据，表明我们的化学专业学生至少希望具备更深入地理解科学及其应用的能力。)”可知，学生报告说，这些活动帮助他们看到了两个学科之间的联系，这种联系能力是科学素养的基础。此外，作者还提到，他们的化学学生至少希望拥有更深入地理解科学及其应用的能力。这表明，通过这些活动，学生有可能提升他们的科学素养。由此可知，作者从研究结果中看到了提升学生科学素养的潜力。故选C。 D Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers - things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade. Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. 32. What does the AI jailbreak refer to? A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C. The capability of AI models improving themselves. D. The process of AI models learning new information. 33. What can we know about the persona modulation? A. It can help AI models understand emotions. B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C. It forces AI models to follow only good personas. D. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. 34. What may the author suggest by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. The risks of LLMs cannot be ignored. B. We need to control the side effects of drugs. C. It’s worthwhile to explore LLMs’ potential benefits. D. We should restrict the development of LLMs. 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能模型（特别是大型语言模型）在遵循规则、防止不良行为方面存在的问题，以及研究人员对此进行的探索和发现。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Many publicly available large language models(LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers - things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. (许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或用非法或有问题的答案来回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令来绕过这些保护，这种绕过保护的行为被称为“越狱”，它使人工智能模型违背了这些规则。)”可知，，“AI jailbreak”描述的是人们找到精心设计的指令来绕过AI模型中的保护机制，使其能够执行原本被禁止的任务或提供被禁止的信息。这实际上是一种打破AI模型原有限制或规则的技术。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. (现在，Leap实验室的Arush Tagade和他的同事已经发现了一种越狱过程。他们发现，他们可以简单地指示一个大型语言模型说服其他模型采用一种角色，这个角色能够回答基础模型已被编程拒绝回答的问题。这个过程被称为“角色调节”。)”可知，通过与模型进行适当的对话，就有可能使其采用特定的角色。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. (伦敦帝国理工学院的Yinzhen Li表示，当前模型可能被滥用的情况令人担忧，但开发人员需要权衡这种风险与大型语言模型可能带来的好处。“就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，”她说。)”可知，作者引用Yinzhen Li的这句话，是将这些模型比作了药物，指出这些模型也有需要控制的不好的方面，但是还是极有好处的。由此可知，作者认为虽然这些大型语言模型有一定缺陷，但是还是值得去探索的。故选C。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以相互欺骗，使其违背创造者的意愿，并提供制作毒品甚至制造炸弹等被禁止的指令，这表明防止此类人工智能“越狱”比看上去要困难得多。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能模型（特别是大型语言模型LLMs）面临的一个新问题——AI“越狱”，即人们可以通过精心设计的指令绕过模型的保护机制，使其违背规则。文章详细描述了这一现象，并探讨了其可能带来的后果和挑战。选项C“AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge (AI“越狱”是一个新的挑战)”准确地概括了文章的内容，突出了文章要传达的主要信息。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Playing Sports Benefits Your Body and Your Brain Many people love to celebrate victory on the playing field, cheer for their favorite teams, and play sports. But here’s a question: Should we be so addicted to sports? Is playing sports actually as good for us as we make it out to be, or just a fun and entertaining pastime? ____36____. First of all, exercising, especially when we’re young, has all sorts of health benefits. It strengthens our bones, clears out bad cholesterol (胆固醇) from our arteries, and decreases the risk of stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes. When we work out, our brains also release a number of chemicals, including endorphins (内啡肽). These natural hormones control pain and pleasure responses in the central nervous system. ____37____. Studies show that if you can find a sport and a team you like, there are all sorts of benefits that go beyond the physical and mental benefits of exercise alone. In addition commitment to a team and doing something fun can also make it easier to establish a regular habit of exercise. School sport participation has also been shown to reduce the risk of suffering from depression for up to four years. ____38____. There are a few reasons for that. One is found in training. Just by working at skills, especially with a good coach, you develop a growth mindset within yourself, which is useful in all walks of life. ____39____. The experience of coming to terms with defeat can build the resilience (复原力) and self-awareness necessary to manage academic, social, and physical obstacles. Now, not everyone will enjoy every sport. But if you spend some time looking, you’ll be able to find a sport that fits your individual needs. ____40____. You’ll be a part of a supportive community, you’ll be building your confidence, you’ll be exercising your body, and you’ll be nurturing your mind. A. What does science have to say? B. Therefore, you’ll get a lot of fun. C. They can lead to feelings of excitement. D. And if you do, there are so many benefits. E. And then there is learning through failure. F. Should we get much benefit from going to the gym? G. Meanwhile, your self-esteem (自尊) and confidence can get a big boost. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了运动对身体和大脑的好处。 【36题详解】 上文“But here’s a question: Should we be so addicted to sports? Is playing sports actually as good for us as we make it out to be, or just a fun and entertaining pastime?(但这里有一个问题：我们应该如此沉迷于运动吗？运动真的像我们所说的那样对我们有好处，还是只是一种有趣和娱乐的消遣方式？)”提出了关于运动是否有益的两个问题。A选项“What does science have to say?(科学怎么说？)”承上启下，继续提问，引出下文关于运动好处的科学解释，与上文问题相呼应。故选A项。 【37题详解】 上文“These natural hormones control pain and pleasure responses in the central nervous system.(这些天然激素控制中枢神经系统中疼痛和快乐的反应)”讲述了运动时大脑释放的化学物质及其作用。C选项“They can lead to feelings of excitement.(它们能带来兴奋的感觉)”中的“They”指代上文提到的“These natural hormones”，说明这些激素能带来兴奋的感觉，与上文内容紧密衔接。故选C项。 【38题详解】 上文“School sport participation has also been shown to reduce the risk of suffering from depression for up to four years.(研究表明，参与学校体育活动也可以将患抑郁症的风险降低四年)”讲述了参与学校体育活动的好处。G选项“Meanwhile, your self-esteem (自尊) and confidence can get a big boost.(与此同时，你的自尊和自信可以得到很大的提升)”进一步说明参与体育活动还可以提升自尊和自信，与上文构成并列关系，共同阐述体育活动的好处。故选G项。 【39题详解】 上文“One is found in training. Just by working at skills, especially with a good coach, you develop a growth mindset within yourself, which is useful in all walks of life.(其中之一在于训练。仅仅通过练习技能，尤其是与一位好教练一起，你就能在自己内心培养出一种成长型思维，这对各行各业都有用)”讲述了训练中的好处。E选项“And then there is learning through failure.(然后就是通过失败来学习)”引出另一种好处，即通过失败来学习，与上文构成并列关系，且“And then”表示递进，使文章结构更加清晰。故选E项。 【40题详解】 上文“But if you spend some time looking, you’ll be able to find a sport that fits your individual needs.(但如果你花点时间寻找，你就能找到一项适合你个人需求的运动)”讲述了找到适合自己的运动的好处。D选项“And if you do, there are so many benefits.(如果你这样做了，就会有很多好处)”中的“if you do”指代上文“spend some time looking and find a sport that fits your individual needs”，说明如果这样做了，就会有很多好处，与上文内容紧密衔接，且引出下文对好处的具体阐述。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In Scotland, a sheep, known as the “loneliest sheep” on the earth, was trapped at the bottom of a cliff for over two years. A group of farmers made it their ___41___ to rescue the sheep. The sheep was first ___42___ in 2021 by a kayaker (皮划艇运动员) and had been unable to move from that ___43___ since then. Local agencies were ___44___ but said the sheep was not in danger and could not be rescued. One of the farmers, Wilson, named the sheep Fiona and provided ___45___ about her on his social media account constantly. Wilson explained that it was too ___46___ to attempt a rescue earlier due to the dangerous location of the sheep. He expressed concerns about the safety of the rescuers and the difficulty of ___47___ the sheep by boat or with a dog. However, after careful ___48___, Wilson and four other men successfully rescued Fiona using heavy ___49___ and a winch (绞车). They ____50____ brought her to the slope of the cliff. The Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was present to ____51____ the welfare of the sheep. They confirmed that Fiona was in good ____52____ but needed her wool to be sheared (剪). The ownership of the sheep was transferred to the ____53____ group of farmers. Wilson ____54____ the details of the rescue and expressed gratitude for the successful ____55____. 41. A. determination B. mission C. devotion D. ambition 42. A. discovered B. investigated C. employed D. followed 43. A. basis B. form C. spot D. extent 44. A. sympathetic B. enthusiastic C. optimistic D. pessimistic 45. A. comments B. identities C. benefits D. updates 46. A. illegal B. expensive C. risky D. complex 47. A. finding B. reaching C. defending D. caring 48. A. training B. planning C. identifying D. interacting 49. A. substance B. material C. equipment D. luggage 50. A. frequently B. physically C. openly D. safely 51. A. ensure B. guide C. promote D. provide 52. A. order B. repair C. faith D. condition 53. A. charity B. protection C. rescue D. cheering 54. A. called up B. brought in C. broke down D. reflected on 55. A. scene B. outcome C. output D. incident 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰，一群农民成功救援了一只被困在悬崖底部两年多的羊的故事。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一群农民把营救这只羊作为他们的使命。A. determination决心；B. mission使命；C. devotion奉献；D. ambition雄心。根据后文“to rescue the sheep”可知，一群农民把营救这只羊作为他们的使命。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只羊最初是在2021年被一名皮划艇运动员发现的，从那时起它就无法从那个地方移动了。A. discovered发现；B. investigated调查；C. employed雇佣；D. followed跟随。根据前文“was trapped at the bottom of a cliff for over two years”和后文“by a kayaker”可知，这只羊是被皮划艇运动员发现的。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. basis基础；B. form形式；C. spot地点，地方；D. extent程度。根据前文“was trapped at the bottom of a cliff”可知，这只羊被困在了“悬崖底部”，这是一个地方。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地机构表示同情，但表示这只羊没有危险，无法救援。A. sympathetic同情的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据前文“a sheep, known as the “loneliest sheep” on the earth, was trapped at the bottom of a cliff for over two years”和后文“but said the sheep was not in danger and could not be rescued”可知，对于这只被困长达两年多的地球上“最孤独的羊”，当地机构表示同情，但无法救援。故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一位农民Wilson给这只羊取名为Fiona，并在他的社交媒体账户上不断提供关于她的最新消息。A. comments评论；B. identities身份；C. benefits利益；D. updates更新。根据后文“on his social media account constantly”可知，Wilson在社交媒体上不断更新关于这只羊的消息。故选D项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wilson解释说，由于羊所处的位置危险，早些时候尝试救援太冒险了。A. illegal非法的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. risky冒险的；D. complex复杂的。根据后文“due to the dangerous location of the sheep”可知，由于羊所处的位置危险，所以尝试救援是冒险的。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对救援人员的安全以及乘船或用狗到达羊身边的难度表示担忧。A. finding发现；B. reaching到达；C. defending防卫；D. caring关心。根据后文“the sheep by boat or with a dog”可知，Wilson对于乘船或用狗到达羊身边的难度表示担忧。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经过仔细的计划，Wilson和其他四人使用重型设备和绞车成功救出了Fiona。A. training训练；B. planning计划；C. identifying识别；D. interacting互动。根据后文“Wilson and four other men successfully rescued Fiona”可知，他们成功救出羊是经过了仔细的计划的。故选B项。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. substance物质；B. material材料；C. equipment设备；D. luggage行李。根据后文“and a winch (绞车)”可推知，此处指的是重型设备。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们安全地把她带到了悬崖的斜坡上。A. frequently频繁地；B. physically身体上地；C. openly公开地；D. safely安全地。根据前文“Wilson and four other men successfully rescued Fiona”可知，他们成功救出了羊，把它安全地带到了悬崖的斜坡上。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏格兰防止虐待动物协会也在场，以确保羊的健康。A. ensure确保；B. guide指导；C. promote促进；D. provide提供。根据后文“the welfare of the sheep”和“They confirmed...”可推知，苏格兰防止虐待动物协会在场是为了确保羊的健康。故选A项。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们确认Fiona状态良好，但需要剪羊毛。A. order命令；B. repair修理；C. faith信仰；D. condition状况。根据前文“the welfare of the sheep”和“Fiona was in good”可知，防止虐待动物协会认为Fiona的状况良好。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只羊的所有权被转移给了救援农民群体。A. charity慈善；B. protection保护；C. rescue救援；D. cheering欢呼。根据前文“Wilson and four other men successfully rescued Fiona”可知，这只羊被四位农民所救，所以它的所有权被转移给了参与救援的农民群体。故选C项。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Wilson回顾了救援的细节，并对成功的结果表示感谢。A. called up打电话；B. brought in引进；C. broke down出故障；D. reflected on回顾。根据后文“the details of the rescue”可知，Wilson在回顾救援的细节。故选D项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. scene场景；B. outcome结果；C. output输出；D. incident事件。根据前文“expressed gratitude”可知，Wilson对成功救援的结果表示感谢。故选B项。 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated movie Chang’an turned out to be ____56____ great hit in the summer season in 2023. ____57____ (name) after the ancient name for Xi’an in Shaanxi Province, which ____58____ (serve) as the capital of the Tang Dynasty for over 280 years, the movie brings ____59____ life some of the most iconic figures in Chinese literary history. Despite Li Bai and Du Fu featured in a lot of movies and TV shows in past decades, the movie employs a(an) ____60____ (conventional) perspective to attract viewers’ attention from the start. It begins with the memories of Gao Shi, also a renowned poet, ____61____ name alone can evoke (引起，唤起) legends. In the movie, Li and Gao became lifelong friends, who witnessed the Tang Dynasty fall into decline caused by a war led by An Lushan, who was once one of Emperor Xuanzong’s most trusted generals from a ____62____ (prosper) age. ____63____ Li and Gao, the movie also features some of the most famous poets and artists of the era, including Wang Changling, known for his military-themed poems, calligrapher Zhang Xu and palace ____64____ (music) Li Guinian. As the movie has also been scheduled _____65_____ (release) overseas, director Zou Jing expressed his hope of attracting more foreign audiences. 【答案】56. a 57. Named 58. served 59. to 60. unconventional 61. whose 62. prosperous 63. Besides 64. musician 65. to be released 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了动画电影《长安》在2023年暑期档大获成功。还介绍了该电影的一些情节。 【56题详解】 考查冠词。句意：动画电影《长安》在2023年暑期档大获成功。泛指“一次成功的事”，用不定冠词，且great首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：这部电影以陕西省西安市的古名命名，西安市作为唐朝的首都有280多年的历史，这部电影将中国文学史上一些最具代表性的人物栩栩如生地呈现出来。空处为非谓语动词，the movie与name after为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Named。 【58题详解】 考查动词。句意：这部电影以陕西省西安市的古名命名，西安市作为唐朝的首都有280多年的历史，这部电影将中国文学史上一些最具代表性的人物栩栩如生地呈现出来。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填served。 【59题详解】 考查介词。句意：这部电影以陕西省西安市的古名命名，西安市作为唐朝的首都有280多年的历史，这部电影将中国文学史上一些最具代表性的人物栩栩如生地呈现出来。bring…to life栩栩如生，为固定短语。故填to。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管李白和杜甫在过去的几十年里出演了很多电影和电视剧，但这部电影从一开始就采用了一种非常规的视角来吸引观众的注意力。根据句意，用其反义的形容词unconventional作定语修饰名词。 故填unconventional。 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它从对高适的回忆开始，高适也是一位著名的诗人，他的名字本身就能唤起传说。先行词为poet，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 【62题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在电影中，李和高成为了一生的朋友，他们见证了唐朝因安禄山的战争而衰落，安禄山曾经是唐玄宗最信任的将军之一。形容词prosperous作定语修饰名词。故填prosperous。 【63题详解】 考查介词。句意：除了李和高，这部电影还邀请了一些当时最著名的诗人和艺术家，包括以军事主题诗歌闻名的王昌龄、书法家张旭和宫廷音乐家李龟年。表示“除……之外还”，用besides，首字母大写。故填Besides。 【64题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了李和高，这部电影还邀请了一些当时最著名的诗人和艺术家，包括以军事主题诗歌闻名的王昌龄、书法家张旭和宫廷音乐家李龟年。名词musician作宾语，根据后文 Li Guinian，用单数。故填musician。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：由于这部电影也计划在海外上映，导演邹静表示希望吸引更多的外国观众。be scheduled to do sth计划做某事，且the movie与release为被动关系。故填to be released。 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，外教Jason想了解学生对这学期英语课程中使用的合作式学习方式的反馈，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 合作式学习在你班的开展情况； 2. 你的体验和感受。 参考词汇：合作式学习cooperative learning 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jason, I hope you’re doing well. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Don’t hesitate to contact me if you expect further information. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jason, I hope you’re doing well. I am writing to share some feedback regarding the cooperative learning approach we’ve been using in our English class this semester. Cooperative learning has been an essential part of our learning process. We’ve had group discussions, team projects, and various collaborative activities, where we have enjoyed a refreshing change from traditional teaching methods. From my perspective, the experience has been quite positive. I find that working in groups not only enhances our understanding of the material, but also improves our communication and teamwork skills. It’s an extremely engaging way to learn and has boosted my confidence in using English. 　 Don’t hesitate to contact me if you expect further information. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于外教Jason得知你班英语课程中使用了合作式学习方式，想了解相关情况这一事情，给他写一封邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 关于：regarding → concerning 方法：approach→ method 必不可少的：essential → indispensable 各种各样的：various → a variety of 2.句式拓展扩写句子 原句：Cooperative learning has been an integral part of our learning process. 拓展句：Cooperative learning has been an integral part of our learning process, which plays an important role in our study. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to share some feedback regarding the cooperative learning approach we’ve been using in our English class this semester.（运用了省略引导词that或which的定语从句） 【高分句型2】I find that working in groups not only enhances our understanding of the material, but also improves our communication and teamwork skills.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Justin and his friend David had known each other before they became classmates. David didn’t seem to mind that Justin was small for his age. But on the first day of school, when David and Justin had lunch with the rest of the fifth-grade boys, Steven asked when David had started playing with babies, which made Justin uneasy. Several weeks later, David called to invite Justin to his birthday party at his grandfather’s farm. Justin didn’t want to go initially because he had wanted to spend the day running. When he ran, the problems at school didn’t matter, and being the smallest kid in his class didn’t matter, either. This Saturday, however, he reached the farm with Steven. David’s mother suggested that David show the boys around, so David asked his grandfather, Mr. Hamilton, to drive them to the foot of a hill. Mr. Hamilton left to prepare for the party. The boys decided to enter a cave, go out from a hole at its top, climb the hill and then hike back. The entrance to the cave was a big stone room with huge wooden pillars (柱子) supporting the doorway. About thirty feet in was a wall of rocks blocking further entrance. From the hole in the ceiling, light shone on the back wall. David started to show the boys how to climb up the back wall. “Let me go first,” Steven demanded. He grabbed David’s belt and pulled him off the rock, throwing him onto the ground. “Watch out!” shouted Justin. But it was too late. David fell hard against a pillar and the wood started to crack. A second later the pillar fell. Then part of the ceiling collapsed. Dust filled the air. When the dust finally settled, the boys found themselves trapped in the cave and the only exit was the hole in the ceiling, which became smaller — too small for anyone to go out. Worse still, a stream of water was flowing into the cave. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Justin looked up at the hole and said, “I might be small enough to get out.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Out of breath, Justin finally saw the farmhouse. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Justin looked up at the hole and said,“ I might be small enough to get out.” Volunteering to have a try, he climbed slowly up the back wall. He curled his body to such an extreme extent that he ultimately managed to come out of the hole. No sooner had Justin reached the top than he headed off to the farmhouse without hesitation. With those panicked faces and flowing water in mind, he couldn’t help quickening his pace. It was his regular running that enabled him to make a mad dash to the farmhouse despite fatigue and concern. Out of breath, Justin finally saw the farmhouse. “Mr. Hamilton! Hurry! David and Steven are trapped in the cave.” On hearing that, Mr. Hamilton left for the cave immediately with David’s mom. The moment they reached the spot, they set out to clear the small opening and eventually pulled the boys out. Luckily, no one was hurt. Steven approached Justin and said “I sincerely apologize for making fun of you. It’s amazing how quickly you managed to get help.” “Apology accepted,” A sense of pride in his small body washed over Justin for the first time. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了Justin和David之间的友情，以及Justin如何通过自己的小身材在一次意外中成为救星的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Justin 和他的朋友 David 在成为同学之前就已经认识了。” 可知，第一段可描写Justin和David在成为同学之前的友谊基础，以及他们在学校里遇到的挑战，特别是Steven对Justin的嘲讽。 ②由第二段首句内容“几周后，David 打电话邀请 Justin 参加在他祖父农场举行的生日派对。” 可知，第二段可以描写生日派对的邀请，Justin的犹豫以及最终决定参加的原因。 2.续写线索：主动尝试钻出洞口——全速跑向农场——到达农场报信——人们救出被困孩子——Steven道歉——Justin的感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①爬：climb/ ascend/scale ②蜷缩身体：curl his body/bend his body/contort his body ③跑：run/sprint/dash 情绪类 ①恐慌：panicked/terrified/frightened ②自豪：proud/a sense of pride/take pride in 【点睛】【高分句型1】It was his regular running that enabled him to make a mad dash to the farmhouse despite fatigue and concern. (运用了的强调句型) 【高分句型2】The moment they reached the spot, they set out to clear the small opening and eventually pulled the boys out. (运用了时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null