UNIT 5 EDUCATION-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版2019）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5　EDUCATION 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——科学教育) 【单元话题词汇记忆】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. facilitate vt.促进；使便利 2. cultivate vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质) 3. fellow man人类 4. philosopher n.哲学家 5. enlighten vt.启迪；指导，教导 6. straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的 7. doll n.玩偶 8. initially adv.起初 9. imitation n.模仿，仿效 10. violet n.紫罗兰 11. ray n.(太阳或月亮的)光线 12. abstract adj.抽象的 13. concept n.概念；想法 14. breakthrough n.突破；重大进展 15. necklace n.项链 16. objective n.目的，目标 adj.客观的 17. well-rounded adj.多面的，全面的 18. cognition n.认识，认知 19. core adj.核心的 20. insight n.洞察力；顿悟 21. civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 22. integrity n.正直，诚实；完整 23. acquisition n.获得，习得 24. economics n.经济学 25. uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地 26. respectively adv.各自地 27. initiative n.主动性 28. autonomous adj.自主的；自治的 29. demonstrate vt.展示；说明 30. royal adj.皇家的；王室的 31. primitive adj.原始的 32. BCE 公元前 33. prison n.监狱 34. conventional adj.守旧的；传统的 35. kingdom n.王国 36. civilisation n.文明 37. apron n.围裙 38. entitle vt.名为……；使有权利 39. imply vt.意味着…… 40. overall adj.全部的 41. preoccupied adj.全神贯注的 42. philosophy n.思想体系；哲学 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. significance n.重要性，意义 2. promote vt.促进，增进 3. sympathy n.同情，同情心 4. insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 5. severe adj.很严重的 6. stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的 7. tendency n.倾向 8. superb adj.极好的，卓越的 9. eyesight n.视力 10. relate vi.理解；相联系 11. technique n.技巧，手法 12. stream n.水流 13. liquid n.液体 14. precious adj.宝贵的 15. grasp vt.理解，领会 16. gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 17. vocabulary n.词汇量 18. complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的 19. gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 20. apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的 21. forehead n.额，前额 22. vivid adj.生动的，逼真的 23. gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 24. pursue vt.追求 25. critical adj.批评的，批判的 26. moral adj.道德(上)的 27. regardless adv.不管；不顾 28. circumstance n.境况，状况；情况，情形 29. citizen n.公民；市民 30. brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 31. obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 32. rank n.等级 33. worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 34. universe n.宇宙 35. abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 36. owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 37. shadow n.阴影 38. vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 39. mankind n.人类 40. routine n.惯例，常规；例行公事 41. motion n.运动 42. timetable n.时间表，日程表；时刻表 43. facility n.设施，设备 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→consist vi.由……组成；在 于；符合 2. analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n.分析，剖析 3. educator n.教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导，指导→education n.教育→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的 →educationalist n.教育(学)家 4. evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n.评估，评价 5. exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj. 杰出的，非凡的；例外的→exception n.例外；除外→except prep.除 了……之外 6. restriction n.限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restrictive adj.限制的，限定的 7. unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→bear vt.忍受；承受 →bearable adj.可以忍受的 8. troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的→trouble n.问题，麻烦 9. excitement n.兴奋，激动→excite vt.使激动；使兴奋→excited adj. 激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的 10. painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→painfully adv.令人痛 苦地；艰难地→pain n.痛；痛苦 11. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地，热 心地→enthusiasm n.热情 12. expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n.扩大；扩充；扩张 13. puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑n.谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人困惑 的；费解的→puzzled adj.困惑的；茫然的 14. disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.(使)失望 →disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望 15. contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n.奉献，捐献 16. finance n.金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的 17. expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽 的；无保护的；风险高的→exposure n.接触；暴露 18. surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕 →surroundings n.环境 19. judgement n.判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge v.判断 n.法官； 审判员 20. behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n.表现；行为 21. conclusion n.结论→conclude vt.推断出；得出结论vi.结束，终结 22. definition n.定义，释义→define vt.下定义；界定 23. responsibility n.责任→responsible adj.有责任的 24. priority n.优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要 的；先前的；早前的 25. stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n.刺激，激励，激发 26. assess vt.评价→assessment n.评价；估价 27. inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有 能力的→efficiency n.效率 28. approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj.赞成的；赞许的； 同意的→approval n.赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对 29. urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n.急 迫；急事 30. assumption n.假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定 31. respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n.尊 敬；方面→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的 32. wisdom n.智慧→wise adj.智慧的 33. beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit vt.对……有益 vi.受益 于n.利益 34. arrange vt.排列，布置→arrangement n.排列，布置 1. regardless of不管；不顾 2. in conclusion最后 3. have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 4. relate to理解；有关 5. hold up举起 6. open up开放，开启 7. be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 8. be enthusiastic about对……有热情 9. put one’s arm round/around sb.搂住某人 10. keep on doing sth.继续做某事 11. work on从事 12. in a flash突然，一瞬间 13. to start with首先，作为开始 14. be used to doing习惯于 15. go against反对；对……不利 16. come to one’s defence 为某人辩护 1. now that既然…… [教材原句]　Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.由于海伦理解 了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能运用它。 2. It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...这/那是某人 第一/二/……次做某事 [教材原句]　It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.那是海伦第 一次明白她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。 3. 状语从句的省略 [教材原句]　However，when looking at it more closely，I see something interesting.然而，当更仔细地看它的时候，我发现了一些 有趣的东西。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.重要性，意义 2. vt.促进，增进 3. n.同情，同情心 4. vi.坚称；坚持主张 significance　 promote　 sympathy　 insist　 5. adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的 6. n.倾向 7. n.技巧，手法 8. adj.宝贵的 9. vt.理解，领会 10. adj.复杂的；难以理解的 stubborn　 tendency　 technique　 precious grasp　 complex　 11. adj.显而易见的；明白的 12. adj.生动的，逼真的 13. vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 14. vt.追求 15. n.境况，状况；情况，情形 apparent　 vivid　 gain pursue　 circumstance　 16. adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 17. adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 18. vt.放弃；抛弃 19. vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 20. adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 brilliant　 worthy　 abandon　 owe　 vital　 二、拓展词汇 1. consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→ vi.由……组成；在 于；符合 2. analyse vt.分析，剖析→ n.分析，剖析 3. evaluate vt.评估，评价→ n.评估，评价 4. restriction n.限制，规定，约束→ vt.限制，约束 → adj.限制的，限定的 consist　 analysis　 evaluation　 restrict　 restrictive　 5. unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→ vt.忍受；承受 → adj.可以忍受的 6. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→ adv.热情 地，热心地→ n.热情 7. expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→ n.扩大；扩 充；扩张 8. puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑n.谜；难题→ adj.令人困惑 的；费解的→ adj.困惑的；茫然的 bear　 bearable　 enthusiastically　 enthusiasm　 expansion　 puzzling　 puzzled　 9. finance n.金融；财政→ adj.金融的；财政的 10. priority n.优先处理的事；优先权→ adj.优先的；较重 要的；先前的；早前的 11. stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→ n.刺激，激励， 激发 12. assess vt.评价→ n.评价；估价 financial　 prior　 stimulation　 assessment　 13. inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→ adj.效率高 的；有能力的→ n.效率 14. approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→ adj.赞成的；赞许 的；同意的→ n.赞成；赞许；批准→ vt. 不赞成，反对 15. urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→ adj.紧急的→ n. 急迫；急事 efficient　 efficiency　 approving　 approval　 disapprove　 urgent　 urgency　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. ⁠不管；不顾 2. ⁠最后 3. ⁠有做某事的倾向 4. ⁠举起 5. 对……有热情 regardless of　 in conclusion　 have a tendency to do sth.　 hold up　 be enthusiastic about　 6. ⁠继续做某事 7. ⁠突然，一瞬间 8. ⁠首先，作为开始 9. 反对；对……不利 10. 为某人辩护 keep on doing sth.　 in a flash　 to start with　 go against　 come to one’s defence　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen， ⁠ ⁠. 虽然海伦还不明白爱的意义，但她一直在努力理解它。 2. ...many people tended to ignore the facts and ⁠ ⁠. ……许多人倾向于忽视事实，不想挑战他们一直深信不疑的东西。 she kept on trying to understand it　 didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed　 3. He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe ⁠ ⁠. 他说地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为感觉地球是静止不动的。 4. It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules， ⁠. 不过于拘泥于常规日程安排是很重要的，因为它们会让我们忽视眼 前的事物。 because it felt like the Earth was standing still　 because they can make us blind to what is in front of us 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2023·北京卷)Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. Therefore，it’s not highly valued in hiring or ⁠ (promote). 2. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program ⁠ (evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. promotion　 evaluations　 3. (2023·全国甲卷)You should learn to say to yourself，“This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable.” You’ll then ⁠ (gradual) become more patient. 4. (2023·浙江1月卷)I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had ⁠ (apparent) not been used in many years. 5. (2023·全国甲卷) (obvious)，if precautions (预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can become troublesome，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. gradually　 apparently　 Obviously　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. (2022·北京卷)For instance， ⁠ (我们可能很容易感冒).This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. 2. Changes are being made here (违 背了我的原则) and I cannot agree with them. 3. (他们甚至连自己的 头都抬不起来)without some help from grown-ups. we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily　 which go against my principles　 They cannot even hold up their own heads　 4. With the development of China，our government ⁠ (越来越热衷于保 护环境). 5. He realised that he was doing it himself，and ⁠ (刹那间他明白了情况). is more and more enthusiastic about protecting the environment　 in a flash he understood the situation　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 既然我们知道了污染的严重后果，现在是时候立即采取措施来处 理它了。 ，it is time to take immediate measures to deal with it. 2. (2023·北京卷)从远处看，红树林显得更加壮丽。(状语从句的 省略) ，the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Now that we know the serious result of pollution　 When seen from afar　 3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)那是他们第一次为妈妈做早餐。 ⁠ for their mother. 4. 我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在此吸烟。(it作形式宾语) I ⁠ nobody is allowed to smoke here. That/It was the first time that they had cooked breakfast　 have made it clear that　 核心考点　互动探究 1. sympathy n.同情，同情心 ①To be a popular student，we must show our respect，concern and sympathy ⁠ others. ②Though she did love going camping，she presented that poor boy with this tent (出于同情). ③我不同情简，那都是她自己的错。 I ；it’s all her own fault. for　 out of sympathy　 have no sympathy for Jane　 (1)out of sympathy (for ...)出于(对……的)同情 feel/express/show/have sympathy for sb.同情某人 (2)sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的 feel/be sympathetic to/towards...对……表示同情 2. insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 ①[新人教选择性必修一]If you insist ⁠ doing the illegal things，you’ll have to suffer the consequences！ ②The doctor insisted that she ⁠ (be) seriously ill and that she ⁠ (operate) on immediately. ③The government insisted that plans ⁠ (make) to help those out of work. ④我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要 求每个人都参与进来。(环境保护) I insist that we ⁠ every day to protect the ocean and that everyone ⁠. on/upon　 was　 (should) be operated　 (should) be made　 do simple things　 (should) take part in it　 insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持要求(做)某事 insist that sb.(should) do...坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气) insist that...坚持说，坚持认为(真实语气) 3. disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 ①The speech was quite ⁠ (disappoint) and it left out some main questions. ②We were all disappointed ⁠ (learn) that the picnic had been cancelled. disappointing　 to learn　 →For several days，I waited at the same spot.But ⁠ .(that引导主语从句) →For several days，I waited at the same spot. But ⁠ .(what引导主语从句) it disappointed me that he didn’t turn up　 what disappointed me was that he didn’t turn up　 ③For several days，I waited at the same spot.But to my disappointment，he didn’t turn up. (1)be disappointed with sb./sth.对某人/某事失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt.使失望 (3)disappointment n.失望 to one’s disappointment令某人感到失望的是 (4)disappointing adj.令人失望的 4. circumstance n.情况，情形；境况，状况 ① the circumstances，he felt unable to accept the job. ②Under no ⁠ (circumstance) shall any vehicle be parked in the place where the bus stops. ③We should give up our hope under no circumstances. →Under no circumstances .(倒装句) [归纳拓展]　in/under no circumstances位于句首时，句子要用部分 倒装，用法类似的常用词组还有in no case、at no time、by no means、in no way、on no account、on no condition等。 In/Under　 circumstances　 should we give up our hope　 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子用 部分倒装) in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下 5. conclusion n.结论；推论；结束 ①The concert began with the national anthem and concluded ⁠ a piece of soft music. ② conclusion，I like everything in spring，especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine. ③(2021·浙江卷)“With our study，we think we can now confidently conclude ⁠ at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions，” Muller told Live Science. with　 In　 that　 a.I ⁠ that where there is a will，there is a way.(conclusion) b.I ⁠ that where there is a will，there is a way.(conclude) came to/drew/arrived at/reached a conclusion from my own experiences　 concluded from my own experiences　 ④我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。(一句多译) (1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 make a conclusion 下结论 in conclusion 最后；总之 (2)conclude v.得出结论；推断出；(使)结束；终止；达成(协议等) conclude that...结论是…… conclude从……中推断出…… conclude...with...以……结束…… 6. responsibility n.责任；职责；义务 ①[新译林必修一改编]Senior high school will help you learn and grow，yet you alone have the ⁠ (responsible) for realizing your great potential. ②He came to realize that he should be responsible ⁠ the family because he grew up. responsibility　 for　 ③这个醉驾司机应该对发生在大雾早晨的事故负责。 The drunk driver ⁠ that happened on a foggy morning. ④如果你服务社会，你就会成长为一名拥有强烈责任感的好公民。 If you serve the community，you will grow up to be a good citizen ⁠. is responsible for the accident　 with a strong sense of responsibility　 (1)take responsibility for 对……有责任；对……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 (2)responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因 be responsible to sb.向某人负责 7. assess vt.评价；评估；评判 ①I wonder what’s Michael’s ⁠ (assess) of the situation. ②The value of this property was assessed ⁠ one million dollars. ③The young men were assessed ⁠ either safe or unsafe drivers. ④(2021·北京卷)While the validity of the idea is still ⁠ (assess)，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. ⑤这项技术正在课堂上试用，以评定其效果。 　The technique is being tried in classrooms ⁠ ⁠. assessment　 at　 as　 being assessed　 to assess what effects it may have　 (1)assess sth.at...对某物估价为……；把某物估算为…… assess sth./sb.as把某物/某人评定为 (2)assessment n.评价；评估；评定 make an assessment (of)(对……)做出评估 8. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过；赞成；赞许 ①I approve of your (try) to make some money，but please don’t neglect your studies. ②It found many youngsters measure their status by how much public ⁠ (approve) they got online. ③Do you approve ⁠ the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone？ ④他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。 By doing well at school he hoped to ⁠. trying　 approval　 of　 win/earn his parents’ approval　 [特别提醒]　表达“赞成/同意某人做某事”不能用approve sb.to do sth.，因为approve作“同意；赞成”讲时是不及物动词，应该用 approve of sb./one’s doing sth.，其中介词of后是v.-ing的复合结构。 (1)approve of (doing) sth.赞成/同意(做)某事 approve of sb./one’s doing sth.同意某人做某事 (2)approval n.赞许；赞成；同意；批准 9. abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使 放纵；使听任 n.放任；放纵 ①Many young people decided to abandon ⁠ (buy) houses in big cities because of the high price. ②(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ⁠ (abandon). ③Mike has been taking care of orphans and ⁠ (abandon) children since he graduated. buying　 abandoned　 abandoned　 ④我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要 求每个人都参与进来。(环境保护) I insist that we ⁠ every day to protect the ocean and that everyone ⁠. do simple things　 (should) take part in it　 (1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to...沉湎于……；纵情于…… (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 (3)be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 10. owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)；有……是由于；把……归功于 ①I owe an apology ⁠ you for being unable to travel with you. ② (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. ③I owed ⁠ to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident. to　 Owing　 it　 ④我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。(一句多译) a.I in English learning ⁠. b.I ⁠ in English learning.(it作形式宾语) [特别提醒]　如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可 使用it作形式宾语，充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放 在后面。 owe my great progress　 to you　 owe it to you that I have made great progress　 (1)owe sb.sth./owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 owe...to...把……归功于……；为……而感谢…… owe it to sb.that...多亏了某人…… (2)owing adj.未付的；欠着的 owing to 因为；由于 11. vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 ①(2021·北京卷)Temporal connection to the environment was vital ⁠ their survival. ②As we all know，water is vital ⁠ keeping every living thing alive，without which the world would be a dead place. ③Besides，it’s vital that you ⁠ (mind) your table manners. to　 to/for　 (should) mind　 ④更重要的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则 并不重要。 What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not ⁠ ⁠. [特别提醒]　在句型“It is vital that...”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟 语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 think it vital to obey traffic rules　 be vital for/to sth.对……极为重要 It is vital that...……是极其重要的 It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要 12. restrict vt.约束，限制；限定；束缚 ①He found the job too (restrict)，so he decided to quit it and find another new one. ②As far as I am concerned，corruption is avoidable with the ⁠ (restrict) of law. ③In order to keep healthy，I restrict myself ⁠ one cup of coffee a day. restrictive　 restriction　 to　 ④我想买那种可以到处旅游，不受限制的票。(一句多译) a.I want to buy such kinds of tickets ⁠ ⁠.(restrict) b.I want to buy such kinds of tickets ⁠ ⁠.(restriction) which don’t restrict me to travel　 which allow me to travel anywhere without restriction　 (1)restrict...to...把……限制在…… (2)restriction n.限制，规定，约束 without restriction无限制地 (3)restrictive adj.限制(性)的；约束(性)的 13. regardless (of) adv.不管；不顾；不加理会(侧重指不计后果 和代价) ①Make the most of your strengths，and you can be successful regardless ⁠ which method you choose. ② her terrible illness，she works hard and succeeds in the scientific research field. ③Dr.Bethune continued working in spite of ⁠ (cut) his hand during an operation. ④关于阅读，有句名言说得好：“读书使人明智。” ，there is a famous saying that reading makes a wise man. of　 Despite/In spite of　 cutting　 With regard to reading　 (1)despite/in spite of 尽管；不管；虽然(后常接名词，不接从句) (2)with regard to 关于；至于 14. This/That/It was the first/second/...time that＋过去完成时“这/ 那是某人第一/二/……次做某事” [教材原句]　It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.那是海伦第一次明白她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。 ①This is the first time that he ⁠ (visit) the royal palace. ②That was the first time that Bernard ⁠ (earn) money through his own efforts. has visited　 had earned　 ③这是我们第一次准备英语话剧，所以我们急需你的帮助。(求 助信) ⁠ for an English drama， for which we are in desperate need of your help. This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时 　这/那是某 人第一/二/……次做某事 This is the first time that we have prepared　 15. it作形式主语 [教材原句]　It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE).人们愿意相信这些原始的理论，这一点并不 奇怪。因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384年-322年)提出来的。 ①It is no use ⁠ (wait) for other people to make decisions for you. waiting　 ②It’s suggested that the old man ⁠ (go) to the countryside to have a rest. ③(2021·浙江卷)At this point， ⁠ is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. ④It ⁠ (find) that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not. (should) go　 it　 is found　 ⑤(2022·全国乙卷)在未来，随着我们意识的提高，这种趋势可能会 改变。 ⁠ in the future the tendency will change with our awareness improved. It is possible that　 常用it作形式主语的句型： (1)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed， reported...)＋that 从句 (2)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that 从句 (3)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a shame，an honour，a question...)＋that从句 (4)It doesn’t matter/makes no difference/makes no sense...＋从句 (5)It＋be＋名词/形容词(no good，no use，a waste of time，useless， senseless...)＋doing sth. (6)It＋be＋形容词(clear，obvious，important，possible，natural， likely，interesting...)＋that从句 16. 状语从句的省略 [教材原句]　However，when looking at it more closely，I see something interesting.然而，当更仔细地看它的时候，我发现了一些 有趣的东西。 ①(2022·全国甲卷)Though ⁠ (not know) to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while ⁠ (keep) in the cage. ②When not (allow) to sleep，lab rats die within a month. not known　 kept　 allowed　 ③(2021·北京卷)While (make) the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. ④It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If ⁠， we’d better take it to the garage immediately. ⑤While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available. → ，I do not have much time available.(省略句) making　 so　 While willing to help　 (1)状语从句省略的条件：状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是 代词it且状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 (2)if构成的其他固定省略形式： if any如果有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 if not如果不这样的话 if possible如果可能的话 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular ⁠ (circumstance). 2. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Taking responsibility ⁠ mistakes is a positive step，but don’t beat yourself up about them. 3. (2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. circumstances　 for　 on　 4. (2022·北京卷)Looking back，I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass， but that this new and more confident Alice ⁠ (enthusiastic) seized. 5. (2022·全国乙卷) ⁠ (initial) the sugar tax was expected to make ￡ 520m a year for the Treasury. 6. Long ⁠ (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems. enthusiastically　 Initially　 exposure　 7. Women are more likely to give priority ⁠ child care and education policies. 8. When the door of our car opened，Mom stormed out instantly and urged us ⁠ (put) up the tent. 9. (2021·天津6月卷)For many people，the initial sense of ⁠ (urge) to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision. 10. This city declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic . (restrict). to　 to put　 urgency　 restrictions 维度2　一词多义 1. ①They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries. ⁠ ②(2023·北京卷)They promote the Olympic values，spreading the message of sport for good. ⁠ ③He promoted a campaign to remind the public of protecting the wildlife. ⁠ A. vt.推广，宣传 B. vt.发起 C. vt.促进，推动 D. vt.晋升，升级 C　 A　 B　 2. ①(2021·全国甲卷)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. ⁠ ②(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. ⁠ A. n.(液)流 B. vi.流出，流动 C. n.(人)流 D. n.小河；溪 C　 D　 3. ①These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. ⁠ ②A shadow of a smile touched his mouth. ⁠ A. n.影子 B. n.暗处；阴影处 C. n.少许；一丁点 D. n.(坏)影响 D　 C　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)我把我的成功归功于我的社会老师，他是 我写作道路上的灯塔。 I ⁠ who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. 2. 如果你想让别人相信你，你的言行应该一致。(建议信) If you want others to believe in you， ⁠ ⁠. owe my success to my social teacher　 your conduct should be consistent with what you say　 3. 梅雷迪思太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他 们带来食物和药品。 ①Mrs. Meredith ，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic) ②Mrs.Meredith ⁠ ，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy) was/felt sympathetic towards/to the poor　 showed/felt/expressed/had sympathy for the poor　 4. (2022·全国甲卷)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人反 思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。 ①To protect oceans better，we ⁠ ⁠ and make changes.(urge sb.to do sth.) ②To protect oceans better，we ⁠ ⁠ and make changes.(urge that...) must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior　 must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior　 5. He was abandoned to playing computer games，so he didn’t pass the exam. → ，he didn’t pass the exam.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) → ，he didn’t pass the exam.(动词-ing形式短语作状语) Abandoned to playing computer games　 Abandoning himself to playing computer games　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Nowadays，with only one or two children in a family，some parents ① ⁠ (过分追求孩子的学习成绩). pursue too much on their children’s academic performance　 The children ② ⁠ (他们被教育应该重视自己的学 术学习).So every day ③ (他们 被限制在教室里) to solve math problems or remember English words ④ (随着他们的视力越来越 差；with复合结构).What’s more，they ⑤ ⁠ (放弃了很多兴趣)，and abandon themselves to their academic subjects. In my opinion，we should not ⑥ ⁠ (把成功归因于学习成绩).A well-rounded development is more important. are educated that they should attach great significance to their academic study　 they are restricted to the classrooms　 with their eyesight worse and worse　 abandon a lot of interest　 owe the success to the academic performance　 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情 感 描 写 sympathy n.同情；支持，赞同 unbearable adj.难以忍受的 painful adj.疼痛的；令人痛苦的 puzzle v.迷惑；苦苦思索→puzzled adj.迷惑的 disappointed adj.失望的，灰心的 excitement n.兴奋，激动 动 作 描 写 gently adv.温柔地；轻轻地 grasp vt.抓紧；理解；急忙抓住 approve vt.赞成；批准 urge vt.敦促，催促；强烈要求 环 境 描 写 stream n.小溪 surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 circumstance n.境况；情况 shadow n.影子；阴影 Step 2.续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇完成以下语段， 然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 从斜坡上滚下来，我的头撞得生疼。然而，周围灌木丛中的蚊 子更令人难以忍受。环顾四周，我感到迷惑。熟悉的房子就在小溪 的另一边，但我不知道我在哪里。我设法根据太阳和树的阴影分辨 方向，然后决定涉水过河。突然，我失去了平衡，摔倒了。就在那 时，我听到一个声音温柔地说：“别害怕。抓住我的手。” Rolling down a slope，I got ⁠ on the head. However，the mosquitoes in ⁠ were .Looking around，I . The familiar house was just ，but I didn’t know where I was.I managed to figure out directions according to the sun and ，and then decided to wade across the stream.Suddenly，I lost my balance and fell down.Just then，I ⁠ ，“Don’t be afraid. .” a painful bump　 the surrounding bushes　 more unbearable　 felt puzzled　 on the other side of the stream　 shadows of trees　 heard a voice saying gently Grasp my hand　 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 •阅读理解(2019·全国Ⅰ卷·B) 　　For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue，N. Y. ， today is speech day，and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8- year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should... should...” Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains， “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师惠利 通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。 24. What made Chris nervous？ A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一 句，然后再到上文中找使他紧张的因素。根据第一段中的 “...today is speech day，and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”以及“...he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了克里斯， 虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧 张。由此可知，演讲使克里斯紧张。 25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. 答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...you should...should...”以及 “...Vote for...me...”这样的语句特点可知，克里斯的演讲不流畅， 也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的 句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相 呼应。 26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to  　　　　. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics 答案：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”可知，惠利创办这个项目的目的 不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自 夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher？ A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 答案：C 推理判断题。文章介绍了惠利老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组 织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的“His teacher， Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.”以及 “...Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”等细节也可看 出惠利老师是一个关心学生的老师。 【词汇识记】 1. joker n.爱开玩笑的人 2. whisper n.& v.耳语；暗示；私下说 3. vote n.& v.投票，选举；表决 4. immigrant n.移民 5. excuse v.请求准许离开；找借口；原谅，宽恕 n.借口，理由 6. boast v.自夸；夸口说 7. pause v.暂停，停顿，中止；踌躇 n.暂停；间歇 8. shining adj.发光的，闪亮的；(成就)辉煌的 9. raise vt.增加，提高；抚养；筹款；饲养 n.上升；加薪；高地 10. manner n.方式，方法 11. demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的 12. presidential adj.总统的；与总统有关的 13. campaign n.运动；战役 vi.参加运动 14. except for 除了……之外 15. bring sth. to a conclusion使某事结束 16. call upon呼吁；要求；号召；(短暂)拜访 17. in public当众；公开地 18. except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外→exceptional adj.杰出 的，非凡的；特别的→exceptionally adv.极其，非常 19. amaze vt.使吃惊→amazed adj.吃惊的；惊讶的→amazing adj.令 人吃惊的；令人惊讶的→amazement n.吃惊，惊愕→amazingly adv. 令人惊讶地 20. proper adj.适当的→improper adj.不正确的；不适当的→properly adv.适当地；正确地 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non- native English speakers. ⁠ 磕巴　 ⁠ 【难句分析】 “It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’” [译文选择] A. 惠利解释道：“对于任何一个学生来说，要有足够的信心说， ‘我不知道，但我想知道。’都需要花费很多时间，尤其是对于一个 把英语作为新语言来学习的学生来说。” B. 惠利解释道：“对于任何一个学生来说，要有足够的信心说， ‘我不知道，但我想知道。’都需要付出很多，尤其是对于一个把英 语作为新语言来学习的学生来说。” (　B　) B [结构分析] 本句的基本结构是：“It takes a lot for any student to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”。who is learning English as their new language是定语从句，修饰先行词a student。 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·北京房山模拟)Have you ever seen a kid in class who wouldn’t volunteer to read or answer a question？ I was that type of student.Talking in class was a struggle for me because the fear of saying the wrong thing was always on my mind. There were constant announcements about students in our class winning writing awards.It was a dream for me.I have always felt unsure of myself when writing.Semicolons confused me and I used too many commas.I had no idea how to cite anything.During my freshman year， the teacher would pick the best essay in our class to be read out loud， but mine was never chosen.I found it really hard to write an essay. One teacher Mr.Wilson，who taught me the next semester， changed everything.He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style.He connected writing and reading to football，but somehow it made sense.What really made him special to me was that every class he would pick someone to read their writing out loud to the class. In one of his lessons，he said，“I will not always pick the essay that I think has the best grammar or use of vocabulary.I will pick the one that I think has the most character.” This part was confusing to me because how can writing have character？ He went on to explain，“I want to read something that I can tell the writer feels a lot while writing it.I want to feel the emotions you were going through as you wrote it.” A few weeks later，for the first time，my essay was chosen to be read to my classmates.I can’t even remember what it was about，but I remember how nervous I was to see his reaction，mixed with pride at the fact that he felt like my work was worth sharing.He gave me his comments at the end of it，but I was too nervous to remember them.After class，he told me he was excited to read more of my work. He made me feel special in the way he led the class，and I got over my fear of sharing my work in class.He made me believe in my writing abilities and gave me the confidence to continue writing. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了威尔逊先 生特别的教学方式对作者的积极影响，他让作者觉得自己很特别， 也克服了在课堂上分享作品的恐惧。 1. Talking in class used to be difficult for the author because  　　　　. A. he had never won any awards for speaking B. he didn’t know how to answer questions C. he had no idea how to cite anything D. he was afraid of making mistakes 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Talking in class was a struggle for me because the fear of saying the wrong thing was always on my mind.(在 课堂上讲话对我来说是一场斗争，因为我总是担心说错话)”可 知，在课堂上说话对作者来说曾经是困难的，因为他害怕犯错。故 选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. According to the author，what made Mr.Wilson different from other teachers？ A. His style of teaching. B. His love for students. C. His interest in writing. D. His passion for football. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style.(他五十多岁，以其独 特的教学风格而闻名)”可知，威尔逊先生与其他老师的不同之处 是他的教学风格。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. From the text，we can know that  　　　　. A. Mr.Wilson preferred essays with good use of vocabulary B. the author remembered Mr.Wilson’s comments very well C. Mr.Wilson thought the author’s passage was full of emotions D. the author believed that his essay was worth sharing in the class 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“I want to read something that I can tell the writer feels a lot while writing it.I want to feel the emotions you were going through as you wrote it.(我想读一些我能感受到作者 在写作时感受很多的东西。我想感受你写这篇文章时的感情)”以 及倒数第二段中的“A few weeks later，for the first time，my essay was chosen to be read to my classmates.(几个星期后，我的文章第一 次被选上读给同学们听)”可知，威尔逊先生认为作者的文章充满 了感情。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Which of the following words can best describe Mr.Wilson？ A. Kind and ambitious. B. Honest and confident. C. Creative and inspiring. D. Reliable and generous. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style.He connected writing and reading to football，but somehow it made sense.(他五十多岁，以 其独特的教学风格而闻名。他把写作和阅读与足球联系在一起，但不知何故，这是有道理的)”以及最后一段中“He made me feel special in the way he led the class，and I got over my fear of sharing my work in class.He made me believe in my writing abilities and gave me the confidence to continue writing.(他带领班级的方式让我觉得自己很特别，我也克服了在课堂上分享我的作品的恐惧。他让我相信自己的写作能力，给了我继续写作的信心)”可推知，威尔逊先生是位有创造力和鼓舞人心的人。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2023·安徽六安联考)One day，a young man went to Dr.Conwell and told him he wanted a college education but couldn’t afford it. Dr.Conwell decided，at that moment，what his aim in life was， besides being a man of the cloth.He decided to build a university for unfortunate，but deserving，students.He did have a challenge， however.He would need a few million dollars to build the university.For Dr.Conwell，and anyone with real purpose in life，nothing could stand in the way of his goal. Several years before this incident，Dr.Conwell was attracted by a true story with its ageless moral.The story was about a farmer who lived in Africa and through a visitor became excited about looking for diamonds.Diamonds were already discovered in abundance on the African continent and this farmer got so excited about the idea of millions of dollars’ worth of diamonds that he sold his farm to head for the diamond line.He wandered all over the continent，constantly searching for diamonds，wealth，which he never found.Eventually he went completely broke and threw himself into a river and died. Meanwhile，the new owner of his farm picked up an unusual- looking rock about the size of an egg and put it on his mantle (斗篷) as a sort of curiosity.A visitor stopped by.He told the new owner that the funny-looking rock was about the biggest diamond that had ever been found.The new owner shouted，“Oh，the whole farm is covered with them.” The farm turned out to be the Kimberly Diamond Mine，the richest the world has ever known.The original farmer was literally standing on “Acres of Diamonds” until he sold his farm. Dr.Conwell learned from the story of the farmer and continued to teach its moral.Opportunity does not just come along； it is there all the time—we just have to see it.Dr.Conwell told the story over and over again on many occasions for raising money to start the college for poor students.In fact，he raised nearly six million dollars and the university he founded in Philadelphia，has at least ten degree-granting colleges and six other schools. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dr.Conwell受 到启发，通过演讲自己钟爱的故事筹集了大量的黄金为贫困年轻人 创建了一所大学的故事。 5. What caused Dr.Conwell to build a university？ A. His wife’s suggestion. B. A young man’s requirement. C. A millionaire’s donation. D. His education experience. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段的“One day，a young man went to Dr.Conwell and told him he wanted a college education but couldn’t afford it....He decided to build a university for unfortunate，but deserving，students.”可知，一位年轻人的要求促使Conwell博士建立了一所大学，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Why did the farmer give up his farm？ A. He wanted to wander around the world. B. He planned to build a university. C. He threw himself into a river. D. He meant to seek his fortune. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Diamonds were already discovered in abundance on the African continent and this farmer got so excited about the idea of millions of dollars’ worth of diamonds that he sold his farm to head for the diamond line.(非洲大陆上已经发现了大量的钻石，这 个农民对价值数百万美元的钻石感到非常兴奋，以至于他卖掉了自 己的农场，前往有钻石的地方)”可知，农民放弃了他的农场是因 为他想通过寻找钻石发财。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. In which condition did the new owner find the Kimberly Diamond Mine？ A. He exchanged his rock for eggs. B. He sold his mantles to visitors. C. He decorated his mantle by a rock. D. He sorted out the whole farm. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，农场的新主人出于好奇将一块不寻 常的石头装饰在他的斗篷上，然后被一位路人发现它大概是世界上 最大的钻石，因此这位农场新主人发现了金伯利钻石矿。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following best describes Dr.Conwell？ A. Adaptable. B. Considerate. C. Disciplined. D. Purposeful. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For Dr.Conwell，and anyone with real purpose in life，nothing could stand in the way of his goal.”以及最后 一段可推知，Conwell博士是一个发现了机会就坚持不懈的人，也 就是说他是一个目标明确的人，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是帮你完成大 学申请的一些建议。 (2023·河南信阳检测)Are you trying to figure out what to write about for your college application essay？ To help you get started in the essay writing process，here are a few suggestions that can help you work through it. Identify key themes you want to convey. Are there two or three things you want to make sure the readers of your application know about？ In answering this question，go beyond the obvious.Don’t just repeat information that can be found elsewhere in your application. 　1 . 1 2 3 4 5 1. A. How have they shaped you？ B. How can you overcome them？ C. Correct the mistakes again and again. D. Better yet，read books that make you think. E. Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed. F. Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines. G. Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段的主题句“Identify key themes you want to convey.(确定你 想传达的关键主题)”可知，本段讲述的是大学申请要明确自己想 表达的关键主题，结合空前的“Don’t just repeat information that can be found elsewhere in your application.(不要只是重复可以在申请的 其他地方找到的信息)”可知，此处指出不要只是重复一些信息， 由此可知，空前提到了不要做什么，所以空处应为该如何做，G选 项“Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages.(抓住 机会提供最重要的信息)”讲述的内容承接空前的内容，其中的 messages与空前的information内容相关。故选G项。 1 2 3 4 5 Reflect on your most memorable life experiences.  　2　 A group of students just returned from a two-week tour of Europe with great pictures and wonderful stories.Two years from now， when they begin writing their college applications，they should reflect less on where they went and what they saw，but reflect more on how some aspects of the experience shaped them. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. How have they shaped you？ B. How can you overcome them？ C. Correct the mistakes again and again. D. Better yet，read books that make you think. E. Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed. F. Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines. G. Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段内容可知，在写大学申请时，要回顾这些经历在某些方面 是如何塑造他们的，A选项“How have they shaped you？(他们是如 何塑造你的？)”讲述的内容与空后列举的事例吻合，其中的shape you与本段中的shaped them内容相关，且与本段的主题“Reflect on your most memorable life experiences.(回想一下你最难忘的生活经 历)”讲述的回顾难忘的生活经历一致。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5  　3 . You might rack your brain all day trying to come up with clever ideas，but the best stuff emerges in those misty，subconscious moments just before you sleep！ Push back the sleep long enough to write down your new inspirations immediately. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. How have they shaped you？ B. How can you overcome them？ C. Correct the mistakes again and again. D. Better yet，read books that make you think. E. Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed. F. Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines. G. Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，与其他段落的主题句同样 为祈使句，根据本段内容可知，一些聪明的想法会出现在睡觉前的 一些模糊意识时刻，E选项“Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed.(在床边放一支笔或铅笔和纸)”为祈使句，且与空后的 “以便出现灵感后马上记下来”相吻合。故选E项。 1 2 3 4 5 Reveal—don’t tell. It is best not to recite the facts of your life directly. 　4　 Not long ago，a college professor told college applicants that US colleges value diversity of thought in their classrooms.The application essay is your opportunity to reveal that element of diversity that can be found uniquely within you. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. How have they shaped you？ B. How can you overcome them？ C. Correct the mistakes again and again. D. Better yet，read books that make you think. E. Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed. F. Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines. G. Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段的主题句“Reveal—don’t tell.(透露——不要说)”可知， 本段建议有些内容可以透露而不是直接说出来，根据空前的“It is best not to recite the facts of your life directly.”可知，建议不要直接 列举一些事实，由此可推断，此空应讲述该如何去做，F选项 “Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines.(相 反，让读者在字里行间理解你)”与主题吻合，instead为解题的关 键信息，与空前的内容为转折关系，符合逻辑。故选F项。 1 2 3 4 5 Read a lot！ Quite often，essay writers are limited in their ability to understand their place in the world in which they live.Break out of that shell by reading news stories and editorials. 　5　 Biographies are also great sources！ I have found increasing inspiration from the life stories of people who have risen from relative obscurity (默默无闻) to make significant contributions as thinkers and doers. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. How have they shaped you？ B. How can you overcome them？ C. Correct the mistakes again and again. D. Better yet，read books that make you think. E. Keep a pen or pencil and paper beside your bed. F. Instead，take the readers to understand you between the lines. G. Take the opportunity to provide the most important messages. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的“Break out of that shell by reading news stories and editorials.(通过阅读新闻故事和社论来打破这个壳)”以及本段的主 题句“Read a lot！(多阅读！)”可知，本段建议多阅读，D选项 “Better yet，read books that make you think.(更好的是，读那些让你 思考的书)”与本段的主题一致，且进一步来阐述读书的类型，与 空前的内容衔接。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　蓝鸟之父——Al Larson为了保护蓝鸟付出了坚 持不懈的努力，这表明如果一个人用心做一件事，他会得到很大的 成就。 (2023·山东潍坊月考) Al Larson is known as “The Bluebird Man”.He first began his conservational labor of love after he read an issue of National Geographic that detailed how building bird houses could help to stop their declining populations. 1. 　　　　 (see)a bluebird going in and out of a dead tree on his property，Larson became inspired to start setting up little boxes that could serve as nests 2. 　　　　 bluebirds. 1. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以 此处考查非谓语动词。主语Larson与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词作状语。 答案：Seeing 2. 考查介词。此处表示“对于蓝鸟而言”，用介词for。 答案：for 3.  　　　　 started as a hobby to pursue in his retirement turned into a full-time effort and after almost four decades of 4. 　　　　 . (devote)，he has banded and documented over 30，000 bluebirds， thanks 5. 　　　　 (primary)to the 350 birdhouses that he has built across southwest Idaho. 3. 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且从 句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导。 答案：What 4. 考查词性转换。介词of后接名词形式，且devotion为不可数名 词。 答案：devotion 5. 考查词性转换。空处在句中作状语，故用副词primarily。 答案：primarily Since bluebirds live on dead or nearly-dead trees，their population began to decline when the invention of the electric chainsaw in the early 1900s 6. 　　　　 (make) it easier for homeowners to remove the dead trees on their properties，having their habitats 7. 　　　　 (destroy). 6. 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中的时间状语in the early 1900s可 知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故可用一般过去时，表示过去的动 作；也可用过去完成时，表示过去已经完成的动作。故填made或 had made。 答案：made/had made 7. 考查非谓语动词。此处考查have sth.done结构，故用过去分词作 宾语补足语，填destroyed。 答案：destroyed But the efforts of Larson have shown us that if we take a moment 8. 　　　　 (understand)the needs of a species，the solution will present itself in 9. 　　　　 practical and obtainable way. 8. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目 的状语。 答案：to understand 9. 考查冠词。此处泛指“一种实际可行的方式”，且practical的发 音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 答案：a Now that he is in his old age，Larson shows no signs of slowing down.And up to now his inspiring story 10. 　　　　 (film) into the Emmy award-nominated documentary Bluebird Man. 10. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语up to now可 知，此处应用现在完成时，主语his inspiring story和film之间是被动 关系，且主语为单数形式，故填has been filmed。 答案：has been filmed 语言运用综合提升 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2023·甘肃白银一模)In high school，I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me  　1　 that science could teach us a lot.It teaches people our  　2　 so we know where we are from.That day， I firmly  　3　 to be a scientist.Ever since that day，I have studied harder  　4　 in all my science-related subjects. After school，I do much research on how I can become a  　5　 scientist in the future. One of my  　6　 in becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock， who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.At 25，she already had her PhD in botany.After that，she started her   　7　 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米 细胞遗传学) and she  　8　 herself to that research for the rest of her life. If I am lucky and given the  　9　 to achieve my ambition as a scientist，I want to be like Doctor McClintock.She  　10　 something that helped the other scientists  　11　 the things about genetics (遗传 学). I know I will be able to achieve my  　12　 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it.If I achieve my goal，I will share my   　13　 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists.My future will be as  　14　 as the stars in the night sky.However，my future is still far.I will make the most of the  　15 . to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在中学某 次做实验的时候，发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西，自此作者立 志成为一名科学家。尽管未来很遥远，作者会充分把握现在去实现 梦想。 1. A. doubt B. wonder C. realize D. value 答案：C 句意：这个实验让我意识到科学可以教会我们很多东西。A. doubt 怀疑；B. wonder想知道；C. realize意识到；D. value珍视。下文“It teaches us the  　2　 so we know where we are from.”进一步描述科 学教会了我们的具体内容，所以该空表示实验让作者“意识”到了 科学能教会我们很多东西。故选C。 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. school B. origin C. growth D. study 答案：B 句意：它告诉人们我们的起源，让我们知道自己来自哪里。A. school学校；B. origin起源；C. growth成长；D. study学习，研究。 根据空后内容“so we know where we are from (因此我们知道我们来 自哪里)”可知，科学使我们了解了人类的“起源”。故选B。 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. refused B. volunteered C. continued D. decided 答案：D 句意：那天，我下定决心要成为一名科学家。A. refused拒绝；B. volunteered志愿做；C. continued继续；D. decided决定。此处考查 动作顺序。空前作者通过做实验发现了科学能教授内容；空后“I have studied harder  　4　 in all my science-related subjects.”讲述了 作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科，所以该空描述作者“决 定”去成为一名科学家。故选D。 3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. especially B. possibly C. properly D. separately 答案：A 句意：我更加努力地学习，尤其是在所有与科学相关的科目上。A. especially尤其；B. possibly可能；C. properly适当地；D. separately 分别地。上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家，所以“尤其”会对与 科学相关的课程更加关注。故选A。 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. happy B. popular C. real D. careful 答案：C 句意：放学后，我做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科 学家的研究。A. happy高兴的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. real真 实的；D. careful仔细的。上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并 为之付诸努力，所以此处作者去调研如何成为一名“真正”的 科学家。故选C。 5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. experiences B. persuasions C. generations D. inspirations 答案：D 句意：我成为科学家的灵感之一是Barbara McClintock，她曾获得 1983年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。A. experiences经历；B. persuasions 说服；C. generations代；D. inspirations灵感。根据下文具体介绍的 科学家Barbara McClintock可知，她是作者变成科学家的“灵感” 之一。故选D。 6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. attempt B. career C. praise D. tradition 答案：B 句意：在那之后，她作为玉米细胞遗传学研究的领导者开始了她的职业生涯，并将她的余生奉献给了这项研究。A. attempt尝试；B. career事业；C. praise表扬；D. tradition传统。空后的the development of maize cytogenetics是她从事的“事业”的具体领 域。故选B。 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. devoted B. invited C. limited D. reduced 答案：A 句意见上题解析。A. devoted奉献；B. invited邀请；C. limited限 制；D. reduced减少。根据空后for the rest of her life可知，Barbara McClintock开启研究后，余生都“奉献”给了这项研究。故选A。 8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. reason B. freedom C. right D. opportunity 答案：D 句意：如果我很幸运，有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负，我想 成为McClintock博士那样的人。A. reason理由；B. freedom自由；C. right权利；D. opportunity机会。根据空后“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词lucky可知，此处表示将来未发生的， 所以是被给予成为科学家的“机会”。故选D。 9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. heard B. expected C. discovered D. awarded 答案：C 句意：她的发现帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的一些事情。A. heard听说；B. expected期待；C. discovered发现；D. awarded授予。 根据空后内容“something that helped the other scientists”可知，她 “发现”的一些事情帮助了其他科学家。故选C。 10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. set out B. figure out C. stick out D. take out 答案：B 句意见上题解析。A. set out出发；B. figure out弄清楚；C stick out 伸出；显眼；D. take out取出。McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助 其他科学家“弄清楚”了关于遗传学的内容。故选B。 11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. dream B. reward C. fame D. stage 答案：A 句意：我知道只要我全心全意并坚持不懈，我就能实现我的梦想。 A. dream梦想；B. reward奖励；C. fame荣誉；D. stage阶段，舞台。 由提示动词achieve可知，A选项符合题意，同时呼应上文的 ambition。故选A。 12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. fortune B. location C. light D. secret 答案：D 句意：如果我实现了我的目标，我将与所有同样热爱科学并想成为 科学家的孩子们分享我的成功秘诀。A. fortune幸运；B. location位 置；C. light光；D. secret秘诀。根据空后“of success with all the kids”可知，作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。故选D。 13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. bright B. capable C. proud D. brave 答案：A 句意：我的未来会像夜空中的星星一样明亮。A. bright明亮的；B. capable有能力的；C. proud自豪的；D. brave勇敢的。作者把自己的 未来比作天上的星星，所以应该是“明亮的”。故选A。 14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. lesson B. present C. mind D. heart 答案：B 句意：我将充分利用现在的一切来实现我成为一名科学家的最伟大 的抱负。A. lesson课程；B. present现在；C. mind思维；D. heart内 心。上文描述作者的未来还很遥远，所以此处应该是作者会充分把 握好“现在”去实现未来的目标。故选B。 15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市漫步 逐渐在年轻人中兴起，他们通过这种方式了解城市的建筑、历史以 及饮食文化，这种趋势正在从一线城市扩展到二、三线城市。 (2023·广东高三联考)Gathering a few close friends to take a 1. 　　　　 (delight) stroll through the city streets 2. 　　　　(become) a favored activity among young people in China in the past few months. 1. 考查词性转换。句意：在过去的几个月里，召集几个亲密的朋友 在城市街道上愉快地散步已成为中国年轻人喜爱的一项活动。分析 句子可知，空处修饰名词stroll，应为形容词，delight是名词，其形 容词是delightful“令人愉快的”。故填delightful。 答案：delightful 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意见上题解析。分析句子可知，空处作 句子的谓语，时间状语为in the past few months，句子应用现在完成 时，且主语是动名词短语gathering a few close friends，为单数，助 动词用has。故填has become。 答案：has become 3.  　　　　(refer) to as Citywalk，this trend involves leisurely traveling around urban areas on foot.Participants can follow a distinctive urban route or without one，losing themselves 4. 　　　　 the atmosphere，discovering historic buildings，exploring boutique shops，sipping a cup of coffee，and indulging in authentic local snacks. 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种趋势被称为“城市漫步”，指的是 在城市地区悠闲地步行。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处 为非谓语动词作状语，refer to和this trend是逻辑上的动宾关系， refer应用过去分词形式，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 Referred。 答案：Referred 4. 考查介词。句意：参与者可以遵循独特的城市路线，也可以没有路线，沉浸在氛围中，发现历史建筑，探索精品店，喝一杯咖啡，享受正宗的当地小吃。根据“losing themselves”和“the atmosphere”可知，此处用动词短语lose oneself in，意为“沉浸 在……中”。故填in。 答案：in Across various Chinese social media platforms，Citywalk hashtags (标签) and keywords have gained significant 5. 　　　　 (popular) as more individuals seek to share their experiences and thoughts online. Originating in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai，the Citywalk phenomenon has begun to spread to second and third-tier cities in China，encouraging more participants and event organizers 6. 　　　 . (involve).Some organizers even invite folk culture enthusiasts and researchers to act as tour guides. 5. 考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的人寻求在网上分享他们的经历 和想法，在中国各种社交媒体平台上，“城市漫步”的标签和关键 词受到了极大的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处作gained的宾语，应用 名词popularity，意为“欢迎”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。 答案：popularity 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：起源于北京和上海这样的大城市，“城 市漫步”现象已经开始蔓延到中国的二、三线城市，鼓励更多的参 与者和活动组织者参与进来。根据“encouraging more participants and event organizers”可知，此处用动词短语encourage sb.to do sth.，且involve“使参加”和more participants and event organizers是 被动关系，应用involve的不定式被动形式。故填to be involved。 答案：to be involved Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city but also provides them with a new social scene，7. 　　　　 people who share the same interests and ideas can easily make friends. 7. 考查定语从句。句意：城市漫步不仅为年轻人提供了一种与城市 互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景，在那里，有着相 同兴趣和想法的人可以很容易地交到朋友。分析句子可知，空处引 导非限制性定语从句，对先行词scene作补充说明，先行词在从句 中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导 词。故填where。 答案：where Even though Citywalk is 8. 　　　　 (relative) new，it offers a positive shift for urban travelers，9. 　　　　 (allow) them to select experiences according to their interests and needs.Also，it presents 10. 　　　　 opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer more tailored and professional services，catering to the ever- evolving market demands. 8. 考查词性转换。句意：尽管城市漫步相对较新，但它为城市旅行 者提供了一个积极的转变，使他们根据自己的兴趣和需求选择体 验。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词new，应用副词relatively，意 为“相对地”。故填relatively。 答案：relatively 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管城市漫步相对较新，但它为城市旅 行者提供了一个积极的转变，使他们根据自己的兴趣和需求选择体 验。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语动作自 然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用allow的现在分词形式。故填 allowing。 答案：allowing 10. 考查冠词。句意：此外，这也为导游和旅游服务供应商提供了 一个机会，以提供更量身定制和专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市 场需求。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定 冠词，且opportunity的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 答案：an Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·山东济南三模)上周你校开展了“寻泉赏泉”研学活动， 现拟举办研学交流会。请你以学生会的名义在校英文报发布一则通 知，内容包括： 1. 时间、地点及与会人员； 2. 交流内容。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Notice ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Students’ Union 【参考范文】 Notice The Students’ Union is pleased to announce that a study tour exchange meeting will be held this Saturday in the school’s academic hall from 9：00 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.，and all teachers and students are welcome to attend.The main purpose of the meeting is to discuss and exchange opinions about the “Seeking and Appreciating Springs” study tour activity. We sincerely invite everyone to participate and share your insights and experiences.  　Students’ Union　 Ⅳ.读后续写 (2023·福建泉州检测)One of the most difficult realities about the teaching profession is that we seldom know if we have made a difference.When I become discouraged about my job，my students or myself，I often think back to one particular day of my teaching career. My first year of teaching was almost over.I taught junior English at Milford High School on a one-year contract.I had a bright group of students and I was grateful for that.However，as the end of the school year drew to a close，my students continually asked if I would be returning.I tried to respond with little emotion.Deep down，though，I was more bothered by leaving than I admitted. Finally，the day came to give my last final exam.I passed the office before the bell rang and saw a couple of the students from my class，and I thought how difficult saying good-bye would be.They were a group with whom I could joke，have fun and share ideas.Teaching them was a pleasure，and we all had learned a lot that year.But，as successful students do，they were moving on to twelfth grade，and I doubted whether they would remember much about me after a few more years of their academic careers and busy lives. Just about this time I was on hall duty outside my classroom，and I noticed the crowds thinning out and classroom doors shutting.I looked in my room only to find two students in attendance.When I commented that it was awfully strange that their classmates were so late，they agreed and then quickly asked to get a drink outside.The hallway was awfully quiet.I walked down the hall several times to see if anyone was coming.Suddenly，I heard footsteps coming down the hall.I was annoyed that after such a great year with these kids，I would—on their last day with me—have to give them a lecture about responsibility. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 I sighed and then observed them coming peacefully towards me with something in their hands. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠⁠ ⁠ I stood alone outside my classroom with the roses，thinking about their touching words on the cards. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在米尔福 德高中教初中英语，合同是一年。作者和他的学生们产生了很深的 感情，想说再见很不容易。然而，随着学年即将结束，作者的学生 们不断地问他是否还会回来。他尽量不动情地回应。但是，在和这 些孩子们度过了愉快的一年之后，在他们和作者在一起的最后一 天，几乎所有学生都没有按时出现在课堂上，作者感觉必须给他们 上一堂关于责任的课了。 [思路导引] 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我叹了口气，然后看到他们手里拿着什 么东西，平静地向我走来”可知，第一段可描写作者的学生给作者 送礼物和祝福。 ②由第二段首句内容“我独自站在教室外面，捧着玫瑰花，想 着卡片上那些动人的话语”可知，第二段可描写作者给学生们上了 最后一节课，送上祝福以及这一天对作者的意义。 2. 续写线索：学生送礼物——卡片上写满美好回忆和祝福— —作者上课和祝福学生——这一天对作者的意义——感悟 【参考范文】  　I sighed and then observed them coming peacefully towards me with something in their hands.　When they got closer，I saw that they were holding a bunch of roses and some colored cards in their hands. They all said in unison，“Teacher，these are our gifts to you！ Thank you for your education and guidance.” I accepted the flowers and read the words on the cards.On the cards were some fond memories and wishes.They said that they had not only learned knowledge，but also learned a lot of truth.They learned what was right and what was wrong. They also learned to always be grateful.What’s more，they make progress in happiness.  　I stood alone outside my classroom with the roses，thinking about their touching words on the cards.　Calming the mood，I went into the classroom and gave the last lesson to those lovely children，sending them good wishes.Later，I continued to work as a teacher and engaged in education.I often think back to that day now whenever I become discouraged about my job，my students or myself.It reminded me of my responsibilities.I not only want to teach students to know right and wrong，eternal gratitude，but also learn to grow up in happiness.At the same time，I should also do this and be a good example for students. $$