UNIT 4 HUMOUR-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 4 HUMOUR 选择性必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——文学艺术) 【单元话题词汇记忆】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. comedy n.喜剧；喜剧片 2. cross talk相声 3. plot n.(书、电影、戏剧的)情节 4. accent n.口音 5. imitate vt.模仿 6. well-being n.舒适；健康；幸福 7. referee n.裁判(员) 8. saucer n.杯托 9. doorway n.门口，出入口 10. antique n.古董 adj.古时制造的 11. deduce vt.推论，推断 12. astronomy n.天文学 13. galaxy n.星系 14. surgery n.诊所；外科手术 15. circus n.马戏团 16. clown n.小丑 17. blood vessel血管 18. far-reaching adj.影响深远的 19. immune adj.有免疫力的 20. cell n.细胞 21. incorporate vt.把……并入；包含 22. comedian n.喜剧演员 23. episode n.一集 24. steak n.牛排 25. raw adj.生的 26. vase n.花瓶 27. purse n.女用手提包；女式钱包 28. contemporary adj.当代的 29. screenwriter n.影视剧本作家，编剧 30. electrical engineering电力(电气)工程学 31. producer n.制作人，制片人 32. agent n.代理人 33. log n.大木头，原木；(事件的)正式记录 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. pretend vi.& vt.假装，装作 2. facial adj.面部的；脸上的 3. enhance vt.增强；改进；提高 4. terrified adj.极度惊恐的 5. dizzy adj.头晕目眩的 6. swing n.挥动，挥舞；秋千vi.& vt.(使)摆动；(使)转动；朝……打 去；荡秋千 7. collapse vi.突然倒下 8. consume vt.消耗；吃；消费 9. appetite n.胃口，食欲 10. faithful adj.忠诚的 11. atmosphere n.大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境 12. forecast vt.预测，预报 13. middle-aged adj.中年的 14. sneeze vi.& n.打喷嚏 15. scream vi.尖声大叫 n.尖叫声 16. crisis n.危难时刻；危机 17. afterwards adv.随后，后来 18. tension n.紧张；焦虑；焦急 19. muscle n.肌肉 20. physical adj.身体的，肉体的 21. mood n.心情，情绪 22. whisper vi.& vt.悄声说，低语，耳语 23. blush vi.脸红 24. reputation n.名誉，名望 25. encounter vt.遇到 26. universal adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 27. chew vi.& vt.咀嚼 28. mostly adv.主要地；大部分 29. clumsy adj.笨拙的，不灵活的 30. contrary n.正相反，恰恰相反 31. academic adj.学术的 32. scholarship n.奖学金 33. attain vt.得到，获得 34. obtain vt.获得，得到 35. stutter n.结巴，口吃 36. mirror n.镜子 37. rarely adv.很少，难得 38. genius n.天才，天赋；天才人物 39. convinced adj.确信的，信服的 40. demand vt.要求 41. idiom n.成语 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的→humor n.幽默，诙谐 →humorously adv.幽默地 2. interact vi.交往；交流；相互作用→interaction n.交流；互动；相 互作用→interactive adj.互动的，交互的；合作的 3. anxiety n.焦虑，不安，担心；渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安 的，担心的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地 4. significant adj.重要的，重大的；显著的→significance n.重要性 5. unbalanced adj.不平衡的→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的→balance n.均衡，平衡 v.(使)保持平衡 6. embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass vt.使人难堪，令人尴 尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 尴尬，窘迫 7. confused adj.困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑 的→confusion n.混乱；困惑 8. potential n.潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能 地，潜在地 9. casually adv.漫不经心地；非正式地→casual adj.随便的；非 正式的 10. innocently adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→innocent adj.无罪的； 无辜的；天真的→innocence n.无罪；无辜；单纯 11. scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 12. measurement n.测量，计量，衡量→measure n.措施；方法；(一 定的)量；尺度 v.测量；度量 13. bleed vi.流血，出血→blood n.血液；血→bloody adj.流血的；血 腥的 14. consultation n.就诊；咨询→consult v.商量；咨询→consultant n. 顾问；咨询师 15. examine vt.检查→examination n.检查→examiner n.主考人，考官 16. announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n.宣布，宣告 →announcer n.广播员 17. deserve vt.应得，应受到→deserving adj.值得的；应得的 18. psychological adj.心理的，精神的→psychology n.心理学 →psychologist n.心理学家 19. energise vt.使充满活力；使增强决心→energy n.精力，活力 →energetic adj.精力充沛的→energetically adv.精力充沛地 20. infection n.感染；传染→infect vt.感染；传染→infectious adj.传 染性的；有传染力的 21. accidentally adv.偶然地，意外地→accidental adj.偶然的，意外的 →accident n.偶然，意外 22. expense n.费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的→inexpensive adj.不 昂贵的 23. nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家→national adj.国家的 24. amuse vt.使开心；逗笑→amusing adj.好笑的，有趣的→amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的→amusement n.愉悦；娱乐；娱乐活动 25. rely vi.依赖→reliable adj.可靠的 26. purely adv.完全地，纯粹地，仅仅→pure adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯 洁的；完全的 27. astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→astonish vt.使吃惊，使惊讶 →astonishing adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的→astonishment n.吃惊， 惊讶 28. creation n.创造物，作品→create vt.创造→creative adj.创造(性) 的；创作的；有创造力的→creativity n.创造力；创造性→creature n. 生物 29. talent n.天资，天赋；才能→talented adj.有天赋的；有才干的 30. unfortunate adj.不幸的，倒霉的→unfortunately adv.不幸地 →fortune n.大笔的钱；时运 31. loosely adv.不严谨地→loose adj.松的；宽松的；松散的→loosen vt.& vi.(使)变松；松开(手等) 32. criticise vi.& vt.批评，指责→critical adj.关键的；(病情或局势)危 急的；批评的；挑剔的→critic n.批评家；评论员 33. politician n.政治家→politics n.政治；权术→political adj.政治 的；政府的 34. bath n.浴室vi.洗澡→bathe vt.(使)沐浴；用水洗 vi.洗澡 1. at sb.’s expense拿某人开玩笑；由某人承担费用 2. rely on依赖；信赖 3. for sale待售 4. save sb.from doing sth.免去某人做某事的麻烦 5. wake up醒来；活跃起来 6. turn to转向；求助于 7. make an attempt to do尝试/企图做 8. feel down感到沮丧；情绪消沉 9. with concern关切地；担心地 10. busy oneself doing sth.忙于做某事 11. on the contrary正相反 12. let alone更不用说 1. be doing...when...正在做……这时…… [教材原句]　A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.一位著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家 商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 2. I wonder if...我想知道……是否…… [教材原句]　Hey，for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer.嘿，200美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。 3. as if引导状语从句或表语从句 [教材原句]　...this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there.……这一次他看上去很吃惊，好像不知道它在那里。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. vi.& vt.假装，装作 2. vt.增强；改进；提高 3. adj.头晕目眩的 4. vi.突然倒下 5. vi.& n.打喷嚏 6. n.危难时刻；危机 pretend　 enhance　 dizzy　 collapse　 sneeze　 crisis　 7. n.紧张；焦虑；焦急 8. adj.身体的，肉体的 9. n.心情，情绪 10. vi.& vt.悄声说，低语，耳语 11. n.名誉，名望 12. vt.遇到 13. adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 14. adj.笨拙的，不灵活的 15. n.正相反，恰恰相反 tension　 physical　 mood　 whisper　 reputation　 encounter universal　 clumsy　 contrary　 28 16. adj.学术的 17. vt.得到，获得 18. vt.获得，得到 19. vt.要求 academic　 attain　 obtain　 demand　 二、拓展词汇 1. interact vi.交往；交流；相互作用→ n.交流；互 动；相互作用→ adj.互动的，交互的；合作的 2. significant adj.重要的，重大的；显著的→ n.重要 性→ adv.重大地 3. embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→ vt.使人难堪，令 人尴尬→ adj.令人难堪的，令人尴尬的 → n.尴尬，窘迫 interaction　 interactive　 significance　 significantly　 embarrass　 embarrassing　 embarrassment　 4. confused adj.困惑的→ vt.使困惑→ adj. 令人困惑的→ n.混乱；困惑 5. potential n.潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的→ adv. 可能地，潜在地 6. examine vt.检查→ n.检查→ n.主考 人，考官 7. announce vt.宣布，宣告→ n.宣布，宣告 → n.广播员 8. deserve vt.应得，应受到→ adj.值得的；应得的 confuse　 confusing　 confusion　 potentially　 examination　 examiner　 announcement　 announcer　 deserving　 9. psychological adj.心理的，精神的→ n.心理学 → n.心理学家 10. amuse vt.使开心；逗笑→ adj.好笑的，有趣的 → adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的→ n.愉悦；娱 乐；娱乐活动 11. astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→ vt.使吃惊，使惊讶 → adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的→ ⁠ n.吃惊，惊讶 psychology　 psychologist　 amusing　 amused amusement　 astonish　 astonishing　 astonishment　 12. creation n.创造物，作品→ vt.创造→ adj. 创造(性)的；创作的；有创造力的→ n.创造力；创造 性→ n.生物 13. talent n.天资，天赋；才能→ adj.有天赋的；有 才干的 14. politician n.政治家→ n.政治；权术→ ⁠ adj.政治的；政府的 15. bath n.浴室vi.洗澡→ vt.(使)沐浴；用水洗 vi.洗澡 create　 creative　 creativity　 creature　 talented　 politics　 political　 bathe　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. ⁠拿某人开玩笑；由某人承担费用 2. ⁠依赖；信赖 3. ⁠待售 4. ⁠免去某人做某事的麻烦 5. 尝试/企图做 6. ⁠感到沮丧；情绪消沉 7. ⁠关切地；担心地 8. ⁠忙于做某事 9. ⁠正相反 10. ⁠更不用说 at sb.’s expense　 rely on　 for sale　 save sb. from doing sth.　 make an attempt to do　 feel down　 with concern　 busy oneself doing sth.　 on the contrary　 let alone　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. When he looks at the menu， ⁠ ⁠. 当他看菜单时，他的脸上立刻露出惊讶的表情。 2. Rowan had a very successful academic career.At the age of 13， ⁠ ⁠. 罗文的学术生涯非常成功。13岁时，他获得了一所寄宿学校的 奖学金。 an astonished look quickly appears on his face　 he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school　 3. One afternoon，hundreds of unlucky passengers， ⁠ ，were told it had been cancelled. 一天下午，数百名原本打算登机前往纽约的倒霉乘客被告知航班已 被取消。 4. Both his father and mother were successful actors and singers，so ⁠. 他的父母都是成功的演员和歌手，所以他很自然地追随他们的 脚步。 who had been expecting to board a flight to New York　 it was natural for him to follow in their footsteps　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey，she is more ⁠ (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. 2. (2023·北京卷)It is fair to say，though，that our ⁠ (psychology) biases play a major role. confused　 psychological　 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)For instance，the average ⁠ (obtain) from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was ⁠ (significance) more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 4. (2023·全国乙卷)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories ⁠ (accident) or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write. 5. (2023·浙江1月卷)And that’s why，however ⁠ (astonish) Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. obtained　 significantly　 accidentally　 astonishing　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Whatever you want to get， ⁠ (你必须依靠自己的努力). 2. We were taken out for a meal (费用由 公司支付). 3. I will (尝试完成这个项 目) by the end of the week. 4. She (带着关切的目光看着他)， worried about his well-being. 5. I had no great expectations and (一路上感 觉很沮丧). you have to rely on your own efforts　 at the company’s expense　 make an attempt to finish this project　 looked at him with concern　 felt down all the way　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 他们正在街上随意地走着，突然下起雨来。(be doing...when...) They ⁠ it began to rain. 2. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持跑步，好像他忘记了他所有的弱 点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running ⁠ ，though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. were walking casually in the street when　 as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses　 3. 我们做得如此好以至于被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的 想法和经验。 We ⁠ with all the students of our school. 4. 我想知道你们是否能提供世界上一些著名大学的信息。 ⁠ of some famous universities in the world. did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience　 I wonder if you could cover the information　 核心考点　互动探究 1. pretend vi.& vt.假装，装作 ①[新人教必修一]A soccer player shouldn’t pretend ⁠ (fall) down even if it helps his team. ②She pretended (listen) to the manager，but actually she was thinking about something else. ③Mary pretended ⁠ (know) everything about it and said nothing. to fall　 to be listening　 to have known　 I had been lying to myself， ⁠. [归纳拓展]　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时 态的变化。根据句意可用一般时、进行时或完成时。类似用法的动 词还有happen (碰巧)、appear、seem、claim等等。 pretending that everything was fine　 ④我一直在欺骗自己，假装一切都很好。 pretend 2. significant adj.重要的，重大的 ①She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to ⁠ (educate) them. ②It is significant ⁠ nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. ③我坚信我们越是意识到这句名言的重要性，我们在日常学习中就 会获益越多。(发言稿) I firmly believe that the more ⁠ ，the more benefits we will get in our daily studies. educating　 that　 we are aware of the significance of this famous saying　 (1)It is significant that很明显…… (2)significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 be of significance to...对……有重要意义 attach significance to...认为……重要 (3)significantly adv.显著地；意味深长地 3. embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的 ①The girl felt when seeing the ⁠ pictures.She turned away with ⁠.(embarrass) embarrassed　 embarrassing　 embarrassment　 → ⁠ he was the centre of attention.(what引导主语从句) → he was the centre of attention. (that引导主语从句) → ，he was the centre of attention. (embarrassment) What embarrassed him was that　 It embarrassed him that　 To his embarrassment　 ②He was embarrassed at being the centre of attention. (1)be embarrassed at/about (对……)感到为难/尴尬 (2)embarrassing adj.令人困窘的 (3)embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难 (4)embarrassment n.窘迫，尴尬 to one’s embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思的是 4. confused adj.困惑的；糊涂的；不清楚的 ①His writing is so (confuse) that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express. ②As teenagers grow，it is normal for them to become ⁠ (confuse) about the changing world. ③他困惑地看着我，没有回答问题。 ⁠ and did not answer the question. confusing　 confused　 He looked at me in confusion　 (1)confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；混淆 confuse A with/and B 将A和B混淆 (2)confusing adj.使人迷惑的 confusion n.混乱；困惑 in confusion困窘 5. deserve vt.应得，应受到；值得 ①The story once again tells us that one good turn ⁠ (deserve) another. ②It is those who are willing to give their lives to the country that deserve ⁠ (respect). ③He deserved ⁠ (win) in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game. deserves　 respect/respecting/to be respected　 to win　 a.With many wild animals gradually dying out，the present situation .(deserve＋n.) b.With many wild animals gradually dying out，the present situation ⁠.( deserve doing) c.With many wild animals gradually dying out，the present situation ⁠.(deserve to be done) [归纳拓展]　deserve doing是用v.-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相 当于deserve to be done，用法相同的单词有need、want和require等。 deserves attention　 deserves paying attention to　 deserves to be paid attention to　 ④随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。(一句多译) deserve doing/to be done 值得被做 deserve to do sth.值得做某事；应该做某事 deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect 值得注意/考虑/同情/ 尊重 6. expense n.费用，花费 ①He went abroad his brother’s expense. ②Don’t stress minor issues at the expense ⁠ the central task. ③I spare ⁠ expense to collect the paintings by Picasso. ④很多时候，当你站起来发表演讲时，你把注意力集中在“公众” 上，而牺牲了“演讲”。 　Too often，when you stand up to give a speech，you focus on the “public” ⁠. at　 of　 no　 at the expense of the “speaking”　 at sb.’s expense 由某人付费；拿某人开玩笑 at the expense of...以(损害)……为代价 spare no expense不惜费用；不惜代价 7. amuse vt.使开心；逗笑 ①[新人教选择性必修一]Disneyland has many exciting rides ⁠ (amuse) you，from enormous swinging ships to scary free-fall drops. ②The audience was by the ⁠ performance in the ⁠ park.(amuse) ③ our amusement，they had a quarrel about such a small thing. ④Miss Lee began the class (以一个 有趣的英语故事)，which attracted our attention at once. to amuse　 amused　 amusing　 amusement　 To　 with an amusing English story　 (1)amuse sb./oneself by/with...通过……来取乐某人/自己 (2)amused adj.感到快乐的 be amused at/by... 对……感到好笑；以……为乐 be amused to do sth.做某事而感到好笑 (3)amusing adj.有趣的，好笑的；逗乐的 (4)amusement n.娱乐(活动)；愉悦 to one’s (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是 8. rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖 ①Many people now would rely on ⁠ (surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news. ②He always does as he says so we all think he is a ⁠ (rely) man.If you make friends with him，you can rely on ⁠ that he will help you whenever you are in trouble. surfing　 reliable　 it　 ⁠ [特别提醒]　在“rely on it＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的 宾语是后面的that从句。 You can rely on me to keep/my keeping your secret.　 ③你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。 (1)rely on信赖；依靠；依赖 rely on sb.to do sth./rely on sb.’s doing sth.依靠某人做某事 rely on it that...相信……；指望…… (2)reliable adj.可依靠的；可信赖的 unreliable adj.不可靠的；不可信的 (3)reliance n.依靠；依赖 9. astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 ①To my ，they weren’t ⁠ at the news，so I looked at them in ⁠. (astonish) ②Astonished what she said，all the kids burst out screaming. astonishment　 astonished　 astonishing　 astonishment　 at　 a. ，she didn’t care about my feelings. (astonishment) b.She didn’t care about my feelings， . (定语从句) c. she didn’t care about my feelings. (it作形式主语) d. she didn’t care about my feelings. (what 引导的主语从句) To my astonishment　 which astonished me　 It was astonishing that　 What astonished me was that　 ③令我吃惊的是，她根本不关心我的感受。(一句多译) (1)be astonished at对……感到惊讶 (2)astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊 It astonishes sb. that...令某人吃惊的是…… (3)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 (4)astonishment n.惊讶 to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是 10. demand vt.要求 ①What I want to stress is that some new members are ⁠ demand in our club. ②My father came down and demanded ⁠ (know) what was going on. ③Basketball is an interesting sport，but it’s also physically . (demand). ④我们老师要求学生们准时到校。 Our teacher demands that ⁠ on time. in　 to know　 demanding　 the students (should) go to school　 (1)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth.要求……(应该)做某事 (2)demand n.要求；需求 be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求的 11. be doing...when...“正在做……这时……” [教材原句]　A famous art collector ⁠ through the city ⁠ he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.一位著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只 脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 ①I had just gone to bed ⁠ the telephone rang. ②She was on the point of ⁠ (open) the window when someone knocked at the door. was walking　 when　 when　 opening　 ③I was about ⁠ (go) swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me. ④医生们正在治疗这个病人，这时灯全部灭了。 The doctors ⁠ all the lights went out. to go　 were treating the patient when　 be doing...when...正在做……这时…… be about to do...when...正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然…… 12. as if引导状语从句或表语从句 [教材原句]　...this time he looks surprised， ⁠ he did not know it was there.……这一次他看上去很吃惊，好像不知道它在那里。 ①Hurry up！ It looks as if the train ⁠ (go) to move in two minutes. ②More generally，the Internet functions as if it ⁠ (be) my memory. as if　 is going　 were　 ③(2021·浙江卷)I whispered to myself.Approaching my house，I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family， looking sad.It seemed as if something wrong ⁠ (happen). ④She walked here and there on the playground as if she were looking for something. →She walked here and there on the playground ⁠ .(省略句) had happened　 as if looking for something　 [特别提醒]　如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并 且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就 变成了“as if＋adj./adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done”。 (1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词 要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： as if 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·北京卷)As a (psychology) once joked，if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity，they wouldn’t send ships； they would invent climate change. 2. (2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies， which would ⁠ (loose) legal protections and allow them to be hunted. psychologist　 loosen　 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and ⁠ (create)ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 4. (2023·北京卷)It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present，focusing on loud attractions in the moment ⁠ the expense of the health，well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. creative　 at　 5. (2023·浙江1月卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me，its beady eyes locked on mine as if (try) to convey some deep， unspoken gratitude. 6. (2022·北京卷)“What’s new，” Johnson wrote，“is that millions of dollars are now ⁠ (potential) available to quantum computing researchers.” 7. (2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized ⁠ (measure) tool which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. trying　 potentially　 measurement　 8. (2022·全国甲卷)The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely ⁠ visual clues. 9. (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)His father frequently ⁠ (amuse) the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures. 10. (2022·全国甲卷)Don’t get caught making an ⁠ (embarrass) mistake at a restaurant. on　 amused　 embarrassing　 维度2　一词多义 1. ①He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite. ⁠ ②Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. ⁠ A. n.强烈欲望　　B. n.胃口 ⁠ ⁠ B　 A　 2. ①Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. ⁠ ②Talks between management and unions have collapsed. ⁠ A. vi.突然倒下 B. vi.(突然)倒塌，坍塌 C. vi.突然失败 D. vi.贬值；暴跌 D　 C　 3. ①These novels mirror life in today’s China from various angles. ⁠ ②(2021·全国甲卷)Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. ⁠ A. n.镜子 B. n.真实的写照 C. vt.反映 D. vt.映出 C　 A　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 如今，父母为他们的子女做所有的事情，这使得这些子女非常依 赖他们的父母。 Nowadays parents have done everything for their children， ⁠ ⁠. 2. 她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。 She couldn’t grasp the full ⁠ what he had said. which makes the children rely on/upon their parents very much　 significance of　 ①He ⁠ as if he were sitting on pins and needles.(anxiety) ②He ⁠ as if he were sitting on pins and needles.(anxiously) was waiting for the results with anxiety　 was waiting for the results anxiously　 3. 他焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 4. 我们在街上相遇时，她装作不认识我，这使我很伤心。 ①She ⁠ when we met in the street，which made me upset.(宾语从句) ②She when we met in the street， which made me upset.(动词不定式) pretended that she didn’t know me　 pretended not to know me　 5. The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticised by the teacher. →The boy stood there with his head bent ⁠ .(省略句) as if criticised by the teacher　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 　　The students were having an English class ① ⁠ (这时突然下起了倾盆大雨).Many students were trapped in the water after school，② ⁠ (这让他们焦虑不安；make复合结构).Some of them felt ③ (好像到了世界末日；as if ).At the same time，teachers and the headmaster stood in deep water to accompany them and ④ (关切地看着 他们).Not only did the action ⑤ ⁠ when it suddenly began to rain cats and dogs　 which made them very anxious　 as if the world were at an end　 look at them with concern　 show their concern for students　 (展现了他们对学生的关心)，but also it encouraged students to face difficulties with courage.Afterwards，the students ⑥ ⁠ (试图依靠) themselves to walk out of the deep water.Finally，the students crossed the deep water safely，and they were ⑦ ⁠ (非常感动，向老师表达了衷心的感谢；so...that句型). made an attempt to rely on　 so moved that they expressed their heartfelt gratitude to their teachers　 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情 感 描 写 anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑 terrified adj.很害怕的，极度惊恐的 embarrassed adj.局促不安的；为难的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.窘迫，尴尬 情感 描写 confused adj.困惑的；难懂的 tension n.紧张；焦虑；焦急 mood n.情绪 blush vi.脸红；羞愧 amuse vt.使开心；给……提供娱乐 astonished adj.感到惊讶的 动作 描写 stutter n.口吃，结巴vt.& vi.结结巴巴地说 swing vt.& vi.(使)摆动 collapse vi.(突然)倒塌 innocently adv.无辜地 bleed vi.流血 动作 描写 sneeze vi.& n.打喷嚏 scream vi.尖叫，惊呼 whisper vt.& vi.低语，私语 encounter vt.遭遇；偶遇 clumsy adj.笨拙的→clumsily adv.笨拙地 环境 描写 doorway n.门口，门道 atmosphere n.大气(层)；空气；氛围 boarding school寄宿学校 mirror n.镜子 Step 2.续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇完成以下语段， 然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 心情愉快地穿过门口，我很惊讶遇到了一个和我穿着同样衣服 的人。我挥着胳膊向他打招呼，我很困惑他也以同样的方式向我打 招呼。突然，我听到一个女孩在对她的朋友耳语：“他为什么要对 着镜子打招呼呢？”听到这，我尴尬地脸红了，笨拙地走到一边。 然而，我撞到了一个花瓶，花瓶倒了，女孩吓得发出一声尖叫。我 是如此尴尬，我结结巴巴地说道：“近视是多么令人尴尬啊！” ，I ⁠ ⁠ who was dressed in the same clothes as me.I to greet him，and I ⁠ that he also greeted me in the same way.Suddenly，I heard a girl ，“Why ⁠ ？” Hearing this，I ⁠ and walked aside .However，I knocked into a vase， which and the girl was ⁠.I was ⁠“ to be near-sighted！” Walking through the doorway in a good mood　 was astonished to encounter a person　 swung my arm　 felt confused　 whispering to her friend　 did he greet the mirror　 blushed with embarrassment　 clumsily　 collapsed　 terrified to let out a scream　 so embarrassed that I stuttered　 How embarrassing it was　 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 •阅读理解（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·D) 　　Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test， such as character， motivation， confidence， mental stability， optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities， but most of them move far beyond skill- based emotional intelligence. 　　We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients，while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. 　　Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重 视) on emotion by employers， educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 　　 Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable， we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades， advances in science will offer new perspectives (视 角) from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence， with its focus on both head and heart， may serve to point us in the right direction. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了什么是情商以 及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商 研究的未来期望。 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence？ A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据题干中的a common misunderstanding 可定位到第 一段。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test， such as character， motivation， confidence， mental stability，optimism and ‘people skills.’”可知， 许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几 乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。故选D。 33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2？ A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 答案：B 推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.”介绍了情商的概念。由此可推断，提到的“医生” 和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。故选B。 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence？ A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 答案：A 观点态度题。根据题干中的the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence 可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句可 知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据下文中的“The most positive aspect of this popularization”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞 成的。故选A。 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence？ A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 答案：B 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的首句可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸 引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学和学 术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is our hope that in coming decades， advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数 十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生 活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。故选B。 【词汇识记】 1. makeup n.化妆品；组成；构成；性格，气质 2. optimism n.乐观(主义) 3. potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n.潜力；潜质；潜在性 4. moral adj.品行端正的，道德(上)的 5. overall adj.总体的 6. functionality n.功能(性) 7. adaptively adv.适应地 8. scholarly adj.学术的 9. regarding prep.关于；至于 10. reasonably adv.合理地；公平合理地；适度地 11. desirable adj.理想的；值得做的 12. contribute to 是……的原因之一，促成 13. describe...as 把……描述成/称为 14. in some cases在某些情况下；有时候 15. popular adj.流行的，通俗的，受欢迎的，普及的→popularity n. 流行，普及→popularize v.普及；使通俗化→popularization n.宣传， 推广，普及 16. accurate adj.正确的；精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地； 准确地→accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确 17. stable adj.稳定的；稳固的 n.马厩→stability n.稳定(性)；稳固 (性) 18. intelligent adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→intelligence n.智能；智慧 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable， we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. ⁠ 激发，引起　 【难句分析】 1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test， such as character， motivation， confidence， mental stability， optimism and “people skills”. [译文选择] A. 现在，很多人将情商误解为是人的构成中无法通过智商测试衡 量出的所有理想化品质，诸如性格、动机、自信、心理稳定性、乐 观和人际交往能力。 B. 现在，很多人将情商误解为是通过智商测试衡量出的人的构成 中所有理想化品质，诸如性格、动机、自信、心理稳定性、乐观和 人际交往能力。(　A　) A [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。主干谓语为misunderstand...as...“把……误解 为……”。句中that引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，修饰先行 词everything；desirable in a person’s makeup作后置定语修饰 everything。 2. It is our hope that in coming decades， advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. [译文选择] A. 我们希望在未来的几十年里，人们将从新的视觉研究科学的进 步，从而研究人们如何管理自己的生活。 B. 我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管 理自己的生活提供新的视角。(　B　) B [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。主干为句型It is our hope that...，that引导了一 个主语从句，it是形式主语；in coming decades在从句中作时间状 语；from which to study how people manage their lives为定语从句， 修饰先行词perspectives。 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Are you planning to start your next international business presentation (讲座) with a little joke to break the ice？ Well，you might want to reconsider. The story is told of a businessman who gave a speech in a foreign country through an interpreter (口译员).Without warning the interpreter，he told a joke during the presentation.The interpreter knew the joke would not translate，so she said，“This man just told a joke that he thinks is funny，but it does not translate well，and you will not find it funny at all.So，when I stop talking，everyone please just laugh.” The audience did indeed laugh aloud，but not for the reason the speaker supposed.The businessman was so pleased with the first result that he went on to tell another joke. Each culture has different understandings of humour.What may be funny in one culture can be far from funny in another. For example，while living in Chile，I often tried to share great jokes from the United States，only to be met with questions like， “Oh，is that a joke？ Is that funny in your country？” Similarly， Chileans shared their own popular jokes that were not always funny to me. In September 2001，Professor Richard Wiseman and the British Association for the Advancement of Science created a project called LaughLab in order to find the world’s funniest joke.And in one year， LaughLab received more than 40，000 jokes. The following joke is considered the world’s funniest joke by LaughLab： “Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them falls down.He doesn’t seem to be breathing.The other man calls the emergency services.He says，‘My friend is dead！ What can I do？’The operator says，‘Calm down.I can help.First，let’s make sure he’s dead.’There is a silence，then a shot (枪声) is heard.Back on the phone，the guy says，‘OK，now what？’” If you decide you must share a joke or two in another country，ask the opinion of your interpreter first.Otherwise，the joke may be on you. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。幽默与文化紧密相连，不 同文化的幽默方式不同，对幽默的理解也不同。 1. Why did the audience laugh？ A. The joke was funny. B. They were told to do so. C. The interpreter made a mistake. D. The businessman was humorous. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“when I stop talking，everyone please just laugh”可知，口译员告诉听众这个笑话没办法翻译，所以等自 己停止说话后，观众大笑即可。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. How did the businessman feel after finishing the joke？ A. Stupid. B. Strange. C. Moved. D. Encouraged. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The businessman was so pleased with the first result that he went on to tell another joke.”可知，讲完笑话， 看到观众都大笑了，这个商人深受鼓舞又讲了一个笑话。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. Why does the author mention his own experience？ A. To show Chileans are impolite. B. To show humour is related to culture. C. To show Chileans have no sense of humour. D. To show it’s hard to understand American humour. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Each culture has different understandings of humour.”以及在第五段中作者分享了自己在智利 的经历可知，他举自己的例子是为了说明幽默与文化息息相关。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Why does the hunter shoot his friend？ A. His friend is in great pain. B. The operator asks him to do so. C. He is too worried to know what to do. D. He misunderstands the meaning of “make sure”. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The operator says，‘Calm down.I can help.First，let’s make sure he’s dead.’”可知，那个 猎人之所以射杀了自己的朋友，是因为误解了接线员口中make sure的含义。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2024·广西南宁测试)It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally.The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times.In his 1905 book，Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制)，capable of turning anxiety into pleasure. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 There are four humor styles.Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny，which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh.If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker，you’ve used affiliative humor.Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself， often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result.Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others，which often involves sarcasm (讽刺)，teasing，and criticism.Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers，which is possibly used by someone who’s targeted by bullies. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Each style of humor actually carries a different influence，when it comes to mental health.Julie Aitken Schermer，a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario，says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others.By contrast，both aggressive and self- defeating humor styles can hint at trouble.“We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering.Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much，however，since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers，” says Schermer. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles，there’s no reason to lose heart.Schermer says people can develop a positive，self- enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life.As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote， “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties.I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书介绍了四 种不同的幽默类型。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5. Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in paragraph 1？ A. To show the importance of mental health. B. To stress the role of humor. C. To persuade people to stay positive. D. To introduce ancient jokes to us. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism，capable of turning anxiety into pleasure (西格蒙德·弗洛伊德认为，幽默是心灵的最高 防御机制，能够将焦虑转化为快乐)”可知，第一段提到这本书是 为了强调幽默的作用。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. According to the text，which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure？ A. Affiliative humor. B. Self-enhancing humor. C. Aggressive humor. D. Self-defeating humor. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself，often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result.(自我提升的幽默包括能够自 嘲，通常是你处理压力或困难的一种方式，结果感觉更好)”可 知，用于缓解压力的是自我提升式幽默，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph？ A. Signal. B. Explain. C. Prevent. D. Solve. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据上文“people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others.By contrast，both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles”可知，使 用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹 象。相比之下，攻击性和自我挫败的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦， 故画线词意思是“暗示”。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with？ A. Humor is difficult to control. B. Crying is a good way of relief. C. Humor is a double-edged sword. D. Laughter is the best cure for stress. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties.I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.(笑和哭都是对担心和焦虑的反应。我更喜欢笑，因 为笑完之后要做的清理工作少了)”可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢 笑，他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法”这一观点。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“如何提高你 的乐观程度”的一些方法。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (2024·河北衡水测试) How to Increase Your Levels of Optimism The way in which you achieve your goals，face challenges，and overcome failures depends largely on your levels of optimism.Not everyone sees life in the same way. 　1 .　 1 2 3 4 5 1. A. People tend to hold the same attitude towards life. B. However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism. C. They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life. D. First you should figure out what matters in your life and focus on positive messages. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively. F. The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them. G. The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 上文说明了成功与否取决于你的乐观态度，但是每个人对待生活的 态度不一样。B项“However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism.(然而，你总是可以训练你的思维来产 生或保持乐观)”说明了想要成功必须保持乐观的态度，与上文意 义一致，符合语境。且下文就如何保持乐观给出了具体的建议。故 选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 Change your negative thoughts.Your mind takes in negative memories and makes them bigger and more significant than they really are. 　2　 The next step is to reduce them by comparing them to related or similar memories that are more pleasant.In this way，you gradually change them and select new thoughts.This requires a learning process that’ll take some time to practice.However，with patience，you’ll achieve the desired results. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. People tend to hold the same attitude towards life. B. However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism. C. They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life. D. First you should figure out what matters in your life and focus on positive messages. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively. F. The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them. G. The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 本段主题句“Change your negative thoughts.(改变你的消极想法)” 强调了改变消极想法的重要性；空前句说明了消极的记忆其实没有 那么大、那么重要。E项“Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively.(因此，每当你有 消极的想法时，更客观地分析和看待它们)”与上文构成因果逻辑 关系，说明了分析消极想法的重要性，符合语境。故选E项。 1 2 3 4 5 Express gratitude.When you face a challenge，it’s advisable to figure out what’s going well.By taking the time to do this，you allow yourself to register the positive aspects that you experience.To help your brain store these positive events，you should take time each week to analyze what you should be grateful for. 　3 .　 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. People tend to hold the same attitude towards life. B. However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism. C. They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life. D. First you should figure out what matters in your life and focus on positive messages. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively. F. The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them. G. The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 本段主题句“Express gratitude.(表达感激)”强调了表达感激的重要 性。F项“The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them.(下一步是让你爱的人知道你爱他 们，你感激他们)”提出了感激，顺承了上文，即要先分析出要感 激的对象，然后再去感激。故选F项。 1 2 3 4 5 Repeat positive affirmations (肯定).One key element for increasing your levels of optimism that you get with previous two steps is positive affirmations.In fact，these messages that you repeat to yourself most regularly are the ones that you believe in and that determine your vision of life. 　4　 You can start with one or two affirmations that represent the values you want to live by and the goals you want to achieve. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. People tend to hold the same attitude towards life. B. However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism. C. They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life. D. First you should figure out what matters in your life and focus on positive messages. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively. F. The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them. G. The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 本段主题句“Repeat positive affirmations.(重复积极的肯定)”强调 了重复积极的肯定的重要性。C项“They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life.(它们必须带着坚定的 信念不断重复，并在你的日常生活中保持不变)”说明了积极的重 复的具体做法，且C项中“They”指代上文中的“these messages”。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 For example，tell yourself “Every day I’m improving” or “I’m living my best moment”. 　5　 Furthermore，it’ll make you stronger in the face of them and you’ll maintain your optimism. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. People tend to hold the same attitude towards life. B. However，you can always train your mind to generate or maintain optimism. C. They must be repeated with strong belief and be a constant in your daily life. D. First you should figure out what matters in your life and focus on positive messages. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Therefore，every time you have negative thoughts，analyze and view them more objectively. F. The next step is to let your loved ones know that you love them and you’re grateful to them. G. The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 上文“For example，tell yourself ‘Every day I’m improving’ or ‘I’m living my best moment’.(例如，告诉自己‘我每天都在进步’或‘我正 活在最美好的时刻’)”给出了积极肯定的一些具体例子。G项“The repetition of phrases similar to these will allow your mind to interpret negative events differently.(重复类似的短语会让你的大脑以不同的 方式解释消极事件)”是对该作法的好处的总结。且G项中“these” 指代上文中给到的例子“‘Every day I’m improving’ or ‘I’m living my best moment’.”故选G项。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相声这种 艺术形式及其特点。 (2023·山东一模)Quyi is a general term for all kinds of talking and singing arts in China.It originated from oral literature，the talking and singing performances of ancient people.It refers 1. 　　　　　　 (primary) to storytelling，accompanied by body movements.There are many different types of quyi performance in China，such as comic dialogues，degu，pingshu and shuanghuang，among 2. 　　　　　　 the crosstalk is most popular. 1. 考查词性转换。句意：它主要指的是讲故事，伴随着肢体动作。 修饰动词refer应用副词primarily，作状语。故填primarily。 答案：primarily 2. 考查定语从句。句意：在中国有许多不同类型的曲艺表演，如相 声、德鼓、评书和双簧，其中最受欢迎的是相声。此处为“介词＋ 关系代词”结构，非限制性定语从句修饰先行词types，作介词的宾 语，指物。故填which。 答案：which The crosstalk，also 3. 　　　　　　 (know) as xiangsheng in Chinese，a kind of folk art with “comic” dialogues began as 4. 　　　　　　 form of Street performance and is generally thought to have taken form in the late Qing Dynasty，particularly during the rule of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Tongzhi Emperor in the mid-1800s. 3. 考查非谓语动词。短语be known as表示“被称为”，省略了be动 词，过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 答案：known 4. 考查冠词。form为泛指且发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案：a The crosstalk realizes 5. 　　　　　　 (it) artistic presentation by means of imitation，talking，teasing，and singing.The jokes 6. 　　　　　　 (hide) in the baofu，or “package”.When the right time comes，they are suddenly spilled out，just like the funny stuff being thrown out of a carefully wrapped package，thus unexpectedly but logically with a second thought，7. 　　　　　　 (cause) the audience to laugh. 5. 考查代词。句意：相声通过模仿、说话、逗趣、唱歌等手段来实 现其艺术表现。修饰名词presentation应用形容词性物主代词its。故 填its。 答案：its 6. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱” 里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在 时的被动语态，主语为jokes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。 答案：are hidden 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当合适的时机到来时，它们突然抛出 来，就像有趣的东西从精心包装的包裹中被扔出来一样，因此出乎 意料但三思后又合乎逻辑，引起观众的笑声。分析句子结构可知， cause与they构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 causing。 答案：causing Most of the crosstalk 8. 　　　　　　 (story) come from daily life.Others are based on folk jokes，historic events and word games.The stage props (道具) are quite simple：a fan，a handkerchief 9. 　　　　　　 a table will be adequate.Normally，a crosstalk performance is done by two people.Up to now，the crosstalk has become a nationwide10. 　　　　　　 (entertain) loved by different walks of people. 8. 考查名词的单复数。句意：大多数相声故事来自日常生活。story 为可数名词，结合上文most of the crosstalk可知，用复数形式。故 填stories。 答案：stories 9. 考查连词。句意：舞台道具很简单：一把扇子、一块手帕和一张 桌子就足够了。上下文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 答案：and 10. 考查词性转换。句意：时至今日，相声已成为一种深受各界人 士喜爱的全国性娱乐活动。不定冠词a和形容词nationwide修饰名 词，空处需填名词单数形式，故填entertainment。 答案：entertainment 语言运用综合提升 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2023·山东烟台测试)One cold afternoon，Tina saw a newborn bird in her garden.Knowing it wouldn’t make it if left  　1　 she brought it inside.Little did she know of the  　2　 the bird would make her. The family named the little bird “Gracie”.As Gracie grew bigger and stronger under the family’s loving care，an unbreakable  　3 .　 developed between them.But the family knew Gracie should  　4　 to the wild one day.One year later，they  　5　 the bird with tearful eyes fly off to explore its own world，not knowing it wouldn’t  　6　 the family. Years after that，Tina was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer.Feeling sad and hopeless，she  　7　 every day. But much to her surprise and joy，Gracie  　8　 the day when Tina came home from her operation.Though Tina had lost all her hair， Gracie  　9　 her and landed on her shoulder chattering (唧唧叫) to her.Tina was so excited that she kissed the bird  　10　. The house was  　11　 again.Tina began to  　12　 dramatically.She cried less and laughed more.Two years later，all her tests were  　13　！ The doctors considered it a miracle (奇迹)，but Tina knew it was not.“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.Without Gracie’s  　14　 during the hard time，things would have been different.We ever saved its life，and it was repaying the  　15　.”Tina said gratefully. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了人与动物 的感情，主人公蒂娜拯救了一只幼鸟，养大后放生了这只鸟，而蒂 娜生病之后这只鸟飞回来陪伴她恢复了健康。 1. A. absent B. alone C. apart D. around 答案：B 句意：她知道如果把它放在外面它一定会死，所以她把它带了进 来。A. absent缺席的；B. alone独自的；C. apart分离的；D. around 周围的。根据上文“it wouldn’t make it”和下文“she brought it inside”可知，如果不管这只幼小的鸟，让它独自待着，一定活不 下去，所以蒂娜把鸟带回了家。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. impression B. mess C. impact D. comment 答案：C 句意：她一点也不知道这只鸟会给她带来什么影响。A. impression 印象；B. mess混乱；C. impact影响；D. comment评价。根据下文 “It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.Without Gracie’s 　14　 during the hard time，things would have been different.”可知，是这 只鸟儿的陪伴才让蒂娜的病好起来了，一开始蒂娜并不知道她救助 的小鸟会带给她什么影响。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. bond B. action C. balance D. promise 答案：A 句意：随着格蕾西在这家人的悉心照顾下越来越大，越来越强壮， 他们之间产生了牢不可破的联系。A. bond联系；纽带；B. action行 动；C. balance平衡；D. promise承诺。根据下文“We ever saved its life，and it was repaying the  　15　.”可知，这只鸟儿与蒂娜一家有 了很深厚的感情，人与动物建立了紧密的联系。故选A项。 句意：随着格蕾西在这家人的悉心照顾下越来越大，越来越强壮， 他们之间产生了牢不可破的联系。A. bond联系；纽带；B. action行 动；C. balance平衡；D. promise承诺。根据下文“We ever saved its life，and it was repaying the  　15　.”可知，这只鸟儿与蒂娜一家有 了很深厚的感情，人与动物建立了紧密的联系。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. adapt B. travel C. relate D. return 答案：D 句意：但是这家人知道格蕾西总有一天会被放归野外。A. adapt适 应；B. travel旅行；C. relate关联；D. return回归。根据下文“One year later，they  　5　 the bird with tearful eyes fly off to explore its own world”可知，这只鸟儿虽是他们养大的，但是终有一天需要 回归自然。故选D项。 句意：但是这家人知道格蕾西总有一天会被放归野外。A. adapt适 应；B. travel旅行；C. relate关联；D. return回归。根据下文“One year later，they  　5　 the bird with tearful eyes fly off to explore its own world”可知，这只鸟儿虽是他们养大的，但是终有一天需要 回归自然。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. watched B. admired C. released D. followed 答案：A 句意：一年后，他们泪眼婆娑地看着鸟儿飞向自己的世界，不知道它并不会忘记这家人。A. watched看着；B. admired欣赏；C. released 释放；D. followed跟随。根据下文with tearful eyes可知，蒂娜一家目送鸟儿飞走。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. join B. approach C. contact D. forget 答案：D 句意见上题解析。A. join加入；B. approach靠近；C. contact联系； D. forget忘记。根据下文“Though Tina had lost all her hair， Gracie  　9　her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.”可知， 这只鸟没有忘记这家人。故选D项。 句意见上题解析。A. join加入；B. approach靠近；C. contact联系； D. forget忘记。根据下文“Though Tina had lost all her hair， Gracie  　9　her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.”可知， 这只鸟没有忘记这家人。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. prayed B. cried C. doubted D. complained 答案：B 句意：她感到悲伤和绝望，每天都在哭泣。A. prayed祈祷；B. cried 哭泣；C. doubted怀疑；D. complained抱怨。根据上文“Tina was diagnosed with cancer.Feeling sad and opeless”以及下文中“She cried less and laughed more.”可知，蒂娜每天都在哭泣。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. set out B. passed by C. showed up D. settled down 答案：C 句意：但是，让蒂娜又惊又喜的是，在她做完手术回家的那天，格 蕾西出现了。A. set out出发；B. passed by经过；C. showed up出 现；D. settled down定居。根据下文“Gracie  　9　 her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.”可知，在放生格蕾西之后，它却在蒂 娜生病的时候出现了，蒂娜很惊喜。故选C项。 句意：但是，让蒂娜又惊又喜的是，在她做完手术回家的那天，格 蕾西出现了。A. set out出发；B. passed by经过；C. showed up出 现；D. settled down定居。根据下文“Gracie  　9　 her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.”可知，在放生格蕾西之后，它却在蒂 娜生病的时候出现了，蒂娜很惊喜。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. understood B. recognized C. appreciated D. encouraged 答案：B 句意：尽管蒂娜的头发都掉光了，格蕾西还是认出了她，落在 她的肩膀上唧唧叫。A. understood明白；B. recognized认出；C. appreciated感激；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文“landed on her shoulder chattering to her”可知，格蕾西认出了蒂娜。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. adorably B. curiously C. mercifully D. emotionally 答案：D 句意：蒂娜非常兴奋，她动情地吻了那只鸟。A. adorably可爱地； B. curiously好奇地；C. mercifully仁慈地；D. emotionally动情地。 根据上文“Tina was so excited”可知，看到鸟儿回来，蒂娜非常兴 奋，符合语境的情感应该是动情地亲吻。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. alive B. full C. fresh D. tidy 答案：A 句意：这个家又恢复了生机。A. alive有生机的；B. full满的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. tidy整洁的。根据下文“She cried less and laughed more.”可知，蒂娜的消极情绪逐渐减少，笑容增多，因此推断， 这个家恢复了往日的活力，重新变得更加有生机。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. act B. reflect C. change D. cooperate 答案：C 句意：蒂娜开始明显地改变了。A. act行动；B. reflect反应；C. change改变；D. cooperate合作。根据下文“She cried less and laughed more.”可知，蒂娜有了改变。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. complex B. normal C. reliable D. accurate 答案：B 句意：两年后，她所有的检查结果都是正常的。A. complex复杂 的；B. normal正常的；C. reliable可靠的；D. accurate准确的。根据 下文“The doctors considered it a miracle”可知，医生认为是奇迹让 蒂娜恢复了健康，说明蒂娜的病情有好转了，她的检查结果很正 常。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. adventure B. attention C. sympathy D. company 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：没有格蕾西在困难时期的陪伴，事情就会不一样。A. adventure冒险；B. attention注意力；C. sympathy同情心；D. company陪伴。根据上文中的“Gracie  　9　 her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.Tina was so excited”以及下文中 的“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.”和“during the hard time”可知，蒂娜生病期间是格蕾西的陪伴让她的病情 得到了缓解。故选D项。 句意：没有格蕾西在困难时期的陪伴，事情就会不一样。A. adventure冒险；B. attention注意力；C. sympathy同情心；D. company陪伴。根据上文中的“Gracie  　9　 her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.Tina was so excited”以及下文中 的“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.”和“during the hard time”可知，蒂娜生病期间是格蕾西的陪伴让她的病情 得到了缓解。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. visit B. adoption C. favor D. trust 答案：C 句意：我们曾经救过它的命，它是在报答我们对它的帮助。A. visit 参观；B. adoption采用；C. favor帮助；D. trust信任。根据上文“As Gracie grew bigger and stronger under the family’s loving care”可 知，蒂娜一家给了格蕾西很好的照顾，格蕾西回来报答他们。故选 C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了靖西太平鼓。 (2023·江苏二模)Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing.With its display of profound cultural elements，it 1. 　　　　　　 (include) in the first batch (批次) of China’s national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) items in 2006. 1. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它展现了深厚的文化元素， 于2006年被列入中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。分析句子 可知，include (把……列为一部分)在句中作谓语动词，与主语it之 间是被动关系，结合时间状语in 2006可知，讲述过去的事情，应使 用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数第三人称，所以谓语动词也应使 用单数形式。故填was included。 答案：was included The 2. 　　　　　　 (early) historical references of this art date back to the Spring and Autumn Period.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty，it started to gain 3. 　　　　　　 (popular) in and around the capital，and then it was introduced to Mentougou District of Beijing. 2. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这种艺术最早的历史记载可以追溯到 春秋时期。句中表示“最早的历史记载”，结合空格前的定冠词 the可知，应用形容词最高级形式earliest作定语，修饰名词historical references。故填earliest。 答案：earliest 3. 考查词性转换。句意：清初，它开始在京城内外流行，后来传入 北京门头沟区。分析句子可知，提示词作宾语，应用其名词形式 popularity，意为“流行，普及”，是抽象名词，不可数。故填 popularity。 答案：popularity In ancient times，the drums were played 4. 　　 　New Year’s Eve at the imperial palace to bring peace.As a result，the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.This type of drum dance is commonly seen 5. 　　 　(perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities，thus expressing 6.  　　 　　 (people) hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come. 4. 考查介词。句意：在古代，人们在除夕之夜在皇宫里敲鼓，以带 来和平。New Year’s Eve意为“除夕”，在具体的某一天前用介词 on。故填on。 答案：on 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种类型的鼓舞通常在农历年的最后一 个月和第一个月在许多地方节日活动中表演，从而表达人们对和平 和繁荣的一年的期盼。分析句子可知，perform是非谓语动词，与 this type of drum dance之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。故 填performed。 答案：performed 6. 考查名词所有格。句意见上题解析。根据句意可知，提示词与名 词hope之间是所属关系，表示“人们的期盼”应用名词所有格 people’s作定语。故填people’s。 答案：people’s During a given performance，drummers perform various dance moves while 7. 　　　　　 (hold) the drum in their left hands and a mallet in their right hands.Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing，all of 8. 　　　　　 represent distinctive local features. 7. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：在一场表演中，鼓手们左手拿鼓， 右手拿木槌，表演各种舞蹈动作。结合句意并分析句子可知，此处 为状语从句的省略，原句为“while they are holding the drum in their left hands and a mallet in their right hands.”，省略they are后，应保 留现在分词holding。故填holding。 答案：holding 8. 考查定语从句。句意：鼓乐体现了中国传统的审美观念，具有鲜 明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰 先行词concepts，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾 语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 答案：which In the past decades，efforts 9. 　　　　　　 (make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture.Today，the time-honored folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people 10. 　　　　　　 is presenting its lively artistic charm (魅力) on a global stage. 9. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，门头沟 区一直在努力保护这一标志性的民间舞蹈文化。分析句子可知， make在句中作谓语动词，与主语efforts之间是被动关系，结合时间 状语in the past decades可知，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复 数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填have been made。 答案：have been made 10. 考查连词。句意：今天，靖西太平鼓这一历史悠久的民间艺术 正在被年轻人所接受，并在世界舞台上展示着其生动的艺术魅力。 结合句意并分析句子可知，“is being taken up...”和“is presenting ...”是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。 答案：and Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·山东烟台测试)假定你是高三学生李华，你校英文报正进 行“特色英语课堂”征稿。你认为你们班英语课的Free Talk很有特 色和意义。请你以“Free Talk in Our English Class”为题，写一篇 稿件，要点如下： 1. 活动的方式； 2. 活动的内容； 3. 学生的反应。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Free Talk in Our English Class ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] Free Talk in Our English Class Free Talk，a five-minute well-received activity，is held in our English class every day.We students take turns，one person a day，to participate in it under the guidance of our teacher. As its name suggests，the topics of Free Talk vary greatly， ranging from news，sports，history to modern technology and social focus.In order to make our speeches special and impressive，we all try our best to make full preparations of what to talk about and how to present it. We all believe Free Talk not only provides a good opportunity for us to improve our oral English but also broadens our vision，to which we eagerly look forward every day. Ⅳ.读后续写 (2023·河南焦作测试)A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory，which made him famous.He was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.His wife had to constantly remind him about his meetings，his classes—even his meals！ Once he forgot he had eaten breakfast twice，at home and at school.His wife liked to remind her neighbours，“If John didn’t have his head tied on，he would forget that too！” Since Smith was a professor at a well-known university，his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment to him.It wasn’t that he was not clever，as some critical people tended to say，but just very absent-minded. One hot summer day，Professor Smith decided to take his children to a seaside town about a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children，he kept the name of the town a secret.However，by the time they arrived at the station，Smith forgot the name of the town he was planning to visit.Luckily，a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going. The professor’s wife was surprised to see him again so soon. “Oh，my dear，I forget the name of the town.” “What？ You forget the name？ Maybe one day you will forget my name！ Now I’ll write the name of that town on a piece of paper， and you put it in your pocket and please，please don’t forget where you put it.” Satisfied that she had solved the problem，she sent her husband off again.Ten minutes later she was astonished to see him outside the house for the third time. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 “What is the matter now？” asked his wife. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Hearing the cry，out rushed their neighbours，trying to find out what had happened. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [写作指导] 　　【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了约翰·史密斯 记性不好。并且由于史密斯是一所知名大学的教授，他的健忘常常 使他感到尴尬。这并不是说他不聪明，就像一些吹毛求疵的人说的 那样，他只是很健忘。某个夏日，史密斯带孩子外出时，把孩子忘 在了车站。 [思路导引] 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“他妻子问‘现在是怎么回事？’”可知， 第一段可描写史密斯坦白自己把孩子忘在车站了。 ②由第二段首句内容“听到喊声，邻居们冲了出来，想知道发 生了什么事”可知，第二段可描写朋友打来电话催促以及最后孩子 安然无恙地回到了家。 2. 续写线索：询问——坦白——妻子叫喊——邻居查看—— 出门——孩子回家 [参考范文]  　“What is the matter now？” asked his wife.　“I just can’t remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day，” replied the professor.However，the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children.Sensing something wrong，Mrs.Smith didn’t believe his words，because whenever he told a lie，he would usually blink his eyes quickly.“Tell me the truth，” ordered his wife.“As you told me，I didn’t forget where I put the name of that town，but I forget the station where I left our children！” whispered the professor，his voice trembling.“What a bad memory！” shouted his wife.  　Hearing the cry，out rushed their neighbours，trying to find out what had happened.　A fight between the couple was about to start when the professor’s cell phone began to ring.His friend，whose patience had worn out，phoned to complain.The professor apologised，got into his car and drove away，leaving behind a bunch of people outside the house.Being afraid that he would make matters worse again，Mrs.Smith decided to follow him，who then called a taxi.By the time she caught up with her husband，their children had been already back home safe and sound. $$