UNIT 3 CONSERVATION-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 3 CONSERVATION 选择性必修第一册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与自然——环境保护) 【单元话题词汇记忆】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. item n.一项，一条 2. rhino n.犀牛 3. horn n.(牛、羊等头上的)角 4. asteroid n.小行星 5. hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化 6. packet n.小包，小盒 7. packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 8. coconut n.椰子 9. shell n.壳；贝壳 10. innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 11. refillable adj.可再填充的 12. bin n.垃圾箱 13. carton n.硬纸盒；塑料盒 14. cutlery n.餐具 15. council n.委员会；理事会 16. roadwork n.道路施工 17. organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 18. institute n.机构；研究院 19. poultry n.家禽肉，家禽 20. committee n.委员会 21. temple n.庙宇，寺院 22. Confucius孔子 23. memorial n.纪念馆；纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的 24. carve vt.雕，刻 25. typhoon n.台风 26. Atlantic adj.大西洋的 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. plastic adj.塑料制的 2. threat n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 3. switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 4. incredibly adv.非常地，极端地 5. species n.物种，种 6. mass adj.大量的 7. decrease vi.& vt.减少 n.减少；减少的量 8. blame vt.责怪，指责 9. affect vt.影响 10. solar adj.太阳光(能)的 11. restore vt.(使)恢复 12. wrap vt.包，裹 13. transportation n.交通运输系统，运输方式 14. swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下 15. chopsticks n.筷子 16. jam n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱 17. decade n.十年，十年期 18. gas n.气，气体 19. cancer n.癌症 20. essay n.论说文；散文 21. involve vt.包含；需要 22. billion n.十亿 23. instance n.例子，实例 24. claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n.声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求 25. drug n.药物，药材；毒品 26. sum vt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数 27. valley n.谷，山谷 28. thunderstorm n.雷暴 29. agricultural adj.农业的 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. conservation n.保护→conserve vt.保护；节约→conservative adj.保 守的；守旧的 2. destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→destruction n.破坏；毁坏 3. mining n.采矿业→mine n.矿；矿井→miner n.矿工 4. recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的； 可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 5. informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v.通知 →information n.信息 6. illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的，违法的 →legally adv.合法地→legal adj.合法的 7. hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n.打猎→hunter n.猎人 8. extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n.灭绝 9. urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地 →urgency n.紧急情况 10. unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.不寻常地→usual adj.平常的→usually adv.通常地 11. varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的→vary v.变化→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n.种类 12. endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v.使面临危险；危及；危害 →danger n.危险→dangerous adj.危险的 13. consumer n.消费者→consume v.消费；消耗；吃，喝 →consumption n.消费；消耗 14. wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v.& n.浪费 15. dirt n.灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的 16. realistic adj.现实的，实际的→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv. 真正地；确实地→reality n.真实；现实→realize vt.实现；认识到 17. aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n.意识→unaware adj.不 知道的；未察觉到的 18. collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v.收集；收藏 19. anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n.焦虑 20. reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v.再使用，重复 使用 21. stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v.将……刺入(或插入)；刺 22. annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼 →annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n.生气；令人烦恼的事物 23. anger n.愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.气 愤地；愤怒地 24. relate vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.相联系的→relation n.联 系，关联 25. regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.有规律地→irregular adj.无规律的 26. suit vt.适合 n.套装→suitable adj.适合的 27. opponent n.对手，敌手；反对者→oppose v.反对→opposed adj.反 对的；截然不同的 28. cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n.残忍 29. chemical adj.化学的 n.化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学 家；药剂师 30. scenic adj.景色优美的→scene n.地点，现场；场面 →scenery n.风景 31. historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→history n.历史→historian n. 历史学家 1. die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 2. wipe out彻底毁灭 3. be to blame (对某事)负有责任 4. be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 5. traffic jam交通堵塞 6. stressed out焦虑的 7. be related to与……有关联 8. for instance例如 9. sum up概括，总结 10. have a role起某种作用 11. do one’s part 尽自己的职责 12. set out开始做某事，着手进行 1. without 引导含蓄虚拟语气 [教材原句]　Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.没有森林，我们就 不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 2. 形容词作状语 [教材原句]　How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out， tired and angry？又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到 心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ 3. so what句型 [教材原句]　Sometimes it can take a little bit longer，but so what？有 时(乘坐公共交通工具)可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？ 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 2. vi.& vt.转换，改变 3. adv.非常地，极端地 4. n.物种，种 5. adj.大量的 6. vi.& vt.减少 n.减少；减少的量 threat　 switch　 incredibly　 species　 mass　 decrease　 7. vt.责怪，指责 8. vt.影响 9. adj.太阳光(能)的 10. vt.(使)恢复 11. vt.包，裹 12. n.交通运输系统，运输方式 13. vi.& vt.吞下，咽下 14. n.十年，十年期 15. vt.包含；需要 blame　 affect　 solar　 restore　 wrap　 transportation　 swallow　 decade　 involve　 16. n.例子，实例 17. vt.声称；断言；主张 n.声称；(根据权力而提出 的)要求 18. vt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数 19. n.雷暴 20. adj.农业的 instance　 claim　 sum　 thunderstorm　 agricultural　 二、拓展词汇 1. conservation n.保护→ vt.保护；节约 → adj.保守的；守旧的 2. destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→ n.破坏；毁坏 3. recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→ adj.可回收利用 的；可再循环的→ adj.不可回收的 4. hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→ n.打猎→ n.猎人 5. extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→ n.灭绝 conserve　 conservative　 destruction　 recyclable　 unrecyclable　 hunting　 hunter　 extinction　 6. urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→ adv.迫切地；急切地 → n.紧急情况 7. unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→ adv.不寻常地 → adj.平常的→ adv.通常地 8. endangered adj.濒危的→ v.使面临危险；危及；危害 → n.危险→ adj.危险的 9. consumer n.消费者→ v.消费；消耗；吃，喝 → n.消费；消耗 urgently　 urgency　 unusually　 usual　 usually　 endanger　 danger　 dangerous consume　 consumption　 10. aware adj.意识到的，明白的→ n.意识 → adj.不知道的；未察觉到的 11. annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→ vt.使……不悦；惹恼 → adj.使人烦恼的→ n.生气；令人烦恼 的事物 12. relate vi.相联系，有关联→ adj.相联系的→ ⁠ n.联系，关联 13. regular adj.定期的，有规律的→ adv.有规律地 → adj.无规律的 awareness　 unaware　 annoy　 annoying　 annoyance　 related relation　 regularly　 irregular　 14. cruel adj.残忍的→ adv.残忍地；残酷地→ ⁠ n.残忍 15. historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→ n.历史 → n.历史学家 cruelly　 cruelty　 history　 historian　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. ⁠消失；绝迹，灭绝 2. ⁠彻底毁灭 3. (对某事)负有责任 4. ⁠处境危险，受到威胁 5. ⁠焦虑的 6. 与……有关联 7. ⁠概括，总结 8. ⁠起某种作用 9. 尽自己的职责 10. ⁠开始做某事，着手进行 die out　 wipe out　 be to blame　 be at risk　 stressed out　 be related to　 sum up　 have a role　 do one’s part　 set out　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. ⁠ ，including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括 动物和植物。 2. In short，if we want to survive， ⁠ ⁠ and start to protect it. 简而言之，如果我们想要生存，我们需要停止破坏我们赖以生存的 星球，并开始保护它。 It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth　 we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on　 3. ⁠ ，as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases. 交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产 生各种温室气体。 4. The valley ⁠ ⁠. 这个山谷也是许多受保护的植物和濒危动物的家园。 Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change　 is also home to many protected species of plants and endangered animals　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2023·全国甲卷)You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more ⁠ (annoy) situations. 2. (2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental (aware)，and healthy lifestyles. annoying　 awareness　 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes with a ⁠ (collect) of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. 4. (2023·全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental ⁠ (destroy). 5. (2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from ⁠ (conserve) groups. collection　 destruction　 conservation　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. (2022·北京卷)Crystal (着手改变) that，and helped to create a global movement. 2. Some doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.What’s worse， (吸 烟还与心脏病有关). 3. Alone in his room，he asked himself ⁠ (他是否应该为这次事故负责). set out to change　 smoking is also related to heart disease　 whether he was to blame for the accident　 4. If we don’t protect nature， ⁠ (一些野生动物可能会在未来灭绝). 5.123，000 people (面临过早死亡的风险) over the next 20 years，the study said. some wildlife may die out in the future　 were at risk of early death　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. (2022·浙江6月卷)如果没有分发的食物，这些无家可归的人可能 会饿一整晚，并且失去生活的希望。 Without distributed food， ⁠ ⁠ and lost hope of life. 2. 这名妇女带着婴儿从火灾中逃生，极度恐惧和疲惫。 The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby， . ⁠. these homeless people might have starved the whole night　 extremely terrified and exhausted　 3. 如果他们谈论一幅你不那么感兴趣的画很长时间，你会怎么办？ you weren’t that interested in？ 4. 研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多健身益处，但最有可能减少受伤。 (while) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows， ⁠. What if they talked a long time about a painting　 while most likely contributing to fewer injuries　 核心考点　互动探究 1. threat n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 ①They are friends forever，so nothing can ⁠ (threat) their relationship which many people consider harmonious. ②With the booming of online shopping，the supermarkets are ⁠ threat. ③只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的 威胁。(环境保护) 　Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being ⁠ and to our planet. threaten　 under　 a threat to wildlife　 (1)be a threat to...对……构成威胁 under threat受到威胁 (2)threaten vt.威胁；危及 2. urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的 ①Parents should actively urge their children ⁠ (take) advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities. ②There is no sense of ⁠ (urge)to do my school work immediately. ③此外，迫切需要提高公众对保护历史遗址的重要性和价值的认 识。(投稿信) Additionally， ⁠ the importance and value of protecting the historic site. to take/(should)take　 urgency　 it is urgent to raise public awareness of　 (1)urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 (2)have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)urgency n.紧急；迫切 3. decrease v.(使)变小，(使)减少 n.减少，降低；减少的量 ①After taking the medicine，his temperature decreased from 40 ℃ ⁠ 36.8 ℃. ②The accidents have decreased 20％ since the measures were taken. ③由于更低的燃料花费，运输费用在下降。 The charge for transportation ⁠ because of lower fuel costs. to　 by　 is decreasing/is on the decrease　 (1)decrease in...在……(方面)降低/减少 decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少/降低到…… (2)on the decrease正在减少 4. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪，指责 n.责备；指责 ①(2023·北京卷)These biased perspectives cannot be blamed ⁠ one single cause. ②(2021·全国甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame ⁠ getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada. ③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ⁠ (blame) for what had happened in the lab. on　 for　 to blame　 ④Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network. → ⁠， Alice was in low spirits.(分词作状语) [特别提醒]　be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”， 其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network　 (1)blame...for...因……而责备…… blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上 be to blame (for...) (因……)应承担责任；(因……)该受责备 (2)take the blame for.../be responsible for...对……负责 put the blame (for...) on...(把……)归咎于…… (3)blameless adj.无罪的；清白的 5. aware adj.意识到的，明白的 ①The purpose of the activity is to raise our ⁠ (aware) of protecting Chinese traditional culture. ②People should be aware ⁠ the importance of protecting the ocean. ③Through the activity，we realize the necessity of carrying out a low- carbon economy in our country.(同义句改写) →Through the activity，we ⁠ the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country. awareness　 of　 are aware of　 (1)be/become aware of对……知道/明白；意识到…… be aware that...意识到/体会到…… (2)awareness n.意识；认识 arouse one’s awareness of...唤起某人……的意识 6. anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的 ①[新人教必修一改编]Han Jing feels ⁠ (anxiety) because she will meet new students and teachers. ② ⁠ (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. ③She was anxious ⁠ (know) what had happened. anxious　 Anxiously　 to know　 a.I’m ⁠ I can hardly fall asleep at night.(so...that...) b. ，I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形容词短语作状语) [归纳拓展]　表示“渴望(做)某事”的常用短语还有long to do sth./for sth.、desire to do sth./for sth.、be eager to do sth./for sth.、be dying to do sth./for sth.、be thirsty for sth.等。 so anxious about the coming exam that　 Anxious about the coming exam　 ④我担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上几乎无法入睡。(一句多译) (1)be anxious for/about sth.为某事担心(忧虑) be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人) 做某事 (2)anxiety n.焦虑；不安；忧虑；担心 with anxiety焦虑地 (3)anxiously adv.焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地；担心地 7. relate vi.相联系，有关联 ①Have you read the report ⁠ relation to the explosion in the newspaper？ ②We often relate yuanxiao ⁠ Lantern Festival. ③你可以讲一些关于传统节日起源的故事和一些关于中国文化的传 说。(建议信) You can tell stories ⁠ and some legends concerning Chinese culture. in/with　 with/to　 related to the origins of traditional festivals　 (1)be related to与……有关系 relate...to/with...把……与……联系起来 relate to...和……有关联；和……合得来 (2)relation n.联系，关系 in/with relation to与……有关；涉及；与……相比 have no relation to与……没关系 8. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装 ①(2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to (grow) outside in the UK，especially in the winter. ②In my opinion，making a ⁠ (suit) timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time. ③She had the ability to suit her performance ⁠ different audience，which amazed us. growing　 suitable　 to　 ⁠ ⁠ ⑤我写信是要告诉你，我找到了一份很合我心意的工作。 I’m writing to tell you that I have got a job which ⁠ ⁠.  　Firstly，I’m good at spoken English and communicating with others，so I think I am suitable for this job.　 suits me down to the ground　 ④首先，我擅长英语口语，且擅于交际，所以我认为我适合这项工 作。(申请信) (1)suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意；对某人(很)合适 suit sb.down to the ground很合某人心意 suit...to...使……适合/适应…… suit oneself 随自己的意愿行事；自便 (2)suitable adj.适当的；相配的 be suitable for/be fit for适合；胜任 be suitable to do...适合做…… 9. die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝，灭亡；逐渐消失 ①In the 1840s，the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died ⁠ hunger. ②Although the wind has died ，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat. ③I am dying ⁠ (know) what happened because it is so strange. of　 down　 to know　 ④For many people，the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies because it requires making the tough decision： taking the time to create，stealing it from yourself if it’s the only way. ⑤As the living environment becomes worse and worse，many of the earth’s species are gradually disappearing. → ，many of the earth’s species are gradually .(with复合结构) away　 With the living environment becoming worse and worse　 dying out　 (1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of 因……而死(内因) die from 因……而死(外因) die down 减弱，平息 (2)be dying for 很想要，渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10. set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；开始做某事，着手进行 ①(2021·浙江卷)He documented his journey as he set ⁠ treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. ②(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set ⁠ a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ③His rude reply set ⁠ a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything. about　 up　 off　 You had better ⁠ for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. ⑤(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)相反的是，他在杰夫手上涂了一些药，然 后开始帮他们收拾残局。(一句多译) a.Instead，he applied some medicine to Jeff’s hand，and then ⁠ ⁠ clean up the mess.(set out) b.Instead，he applied some medicine to Jeff’s hand，and then ⁠ ⁠ clean up the mess.(set about) set aside some time every day　 set out to help them　 set about helping them　 ④你最好每天抽出一些时间运动，以便能够保持精力充沛。 set out for sp.出发去某地 set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.开始做某事 set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；激起；引起 set aside 存储；留出 set up 建立，创立 set down 放下；记下，登记 11. 形容词(短语)作状语 [教材原句]　How often do we arrive at work or school， ⁠ ⁠？又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学 校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ ① (excite) and happy，we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school. ② (tire) and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. stressed out，tired and angry　 Excited　 Tired　 ③ (help)，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. ④I was too nervous，and I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam. → ，I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam.(形容词短语作状语) Helpless　 Too nervous　 形容词作状语常见用法： (1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于 句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语所处的状态，即常和 主语构成系表结构；如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则 应用副词作状语。 12. so what表示“那又怎么样/那有什么关系” [教材原句]　Sometimes it can take a little bit longer，but ⁠ ？有时(乘坐公共交通工具)可能需要更长的时间，但那 又怎样？ ①What it rains tomorrow？Will we still have the practice？ ②Since she spent five years in Paris， ⁠ come her French is so bad？ ③What ？Your English is as good as mine. ④What the salary？ Can you get more money？ so what　 if　 how　 for　 about　 ⑤“他比你小15岁！” “那又怎么样？” —He is fifteen years younger than you！ — ⁠ So what？　 (1)What if...？表示“如果……怎么办？”。 (2)How come意为“……是怎么回事？”，可以单独出现在对话 中，也可以在How come后接语序完整的陈述句。 (3)What for？为什么？(相当于why) (4)What about...？……怎么样？ 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·全国甲卷)In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the ⁠ (endanger) Species Act. 2. (2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s ⁠ (consume) would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. Endangered　 consumers　 3. (2023·浙江1月卷)Over 28 states have passed laws related ⁠ pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. 4. (2022·北京卷)There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. instance，we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. 5. (2023·全国甲卷)By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous (hunt) by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. to　 For　 hunting　 6. of the dangers，the boy walked into the dark room.It was necessary to raise his ⁠ of safety.(aware) 7. Every student is expected to get ⁠ in the activity and it is sure to be more meaningful with your ⁠.(involve) 8. (2021·全国乙卷)Just 9％ of global plastic waste ⁠ (recycle). 9. What’s the matter，Luke？You look stressed ⁠. 10. (2021·天津6月卷)But what we’re actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling？ Unaware　 awareness　 involved　 involvement　 is recycled　 out　 if　 维度2　一词多义 1. She has carved a place for herself in the fashion world. ⁠ A. vt.雕刻　B. vt.艰苦创业；奋斗取得(事业、名声等) ⁠ B　 2. ①Heart disease is the biggest killer，claiming about 180，000 lives per year. ⁠ ②The insurance company is refusing to settle her claim. ⁠ ③If the owner doesn’t claim the dog in 48 hours，you can apply for adoption. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 A. n.索要，索赔 B. vt.认领 C. vt.夺走 D. vt.宣称 3. ①Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线)， with days of regular，parent-accompanied walks. ⁠ ②I surely know that.Don’t forget that I am a regular here. ⁠ A. adj.符合规定的；正当的 B. adj.定期的，有规律的 C. n.常客 B　 C　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 随着期末考试的临近，我开始变得焦急。 With the final exam approaching， ⁠. 2. 市场上已经有很多设备声称能够监控和帮助睡眠。 There are already many devices on the market ⁠ ⁠. 3. 因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。 ①I do believe this voluntary work ，because I have a good knowledge of English.(suit) ②I do believe I this voluntary work， because I have a good knowledge of English.(suitable/fit) I am getting anxious　 claiming to have the ability to monitor and aid sleep　 suits me　 am suitable for/am fit for　 4. (2022·浙江1月卷)最使我生气的是我被分配和一位非常严肃 的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着黑色衣服，还总是对其他人的工 作不满意。 ① ，I was assigned to work with an extremely serious guy who always wore dark clothes and was always not satisfied with others’ work.(annoyance) ② ⁠ I was assigned to work with an extremely serious guy who always wore dark clothes and was always not satisfied with others’ work.(what引导的主语从句) Much to my annoyance　 What annoyed me most was that　 5. Mary was depressed because she was blamed for the mistakes at work. → ，Mary was depressed.(分词短 语作状语) Blamed for the mistakes at work　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Now，① (许多物种濒临灭绝) just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance，tigers ② (正在被残酷地猎杀) for their fur while rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by cutting down trees，throwing unrecyclable plastic rubbish and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers. many species are endangered　 are being hunted cruelly　 It is human activities that ③ ⁠ (要为大灭绝负责).However，we ④should know that (词 汇升级： ⁠) immediate measures should be taken.Measures involve switching to solar energy，stopping using throw-away cartons or chopsticks，and taking regular buses to and from work.To sum up，everybody should ⑤ ⁠ (在保护我们的星球方面发挥作用) and ⑥ ⁠ (如果我们都尽了自己的责任)，the world will be much better. are to blame for the mass extinction　 should be aware that　 has a role to play in protecting our planet　 if we all do our part　 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情感 描写 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的 stressed out焦虑的 anger n.愤怒，怒气 annoyed adj.恼怒的，气恼的 动作 描写 blame v.责怪，指责 set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作；着手进行 wrap v.包，裹 swallow vt.& vi.吞下，咽下；忍耐 carve vt.雕，刻 affect vt.影响 环境 描写 plastic adj.塑料制的 varied adj.形形色色的；各种各样的 shell n.(炮、贝、卵、坚果等的)壳；贝壳 dirt n.污物；灰尘；泥土 traffic jam交通堵塞 环境 描写 typhoon n.台风 valley n.山谷 scenic adj.景色优美的 historic adj.历史悠久的 packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 Step 2.续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇完成以下语段， 然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 辛德瑞拉住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇上。然而，她最 近对一些现象感到恼火，她不能抑制她的愤怒。无论她走到哪里， 她都会看到各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙壁和树木上的 字。此外，镇上还经常有交通堵塞的情况。由于对小镇感到焦虑， 辛德瑞拉开始和其他环保人士一起清理垃圾。她没有把污染归咎于 游客，而是决定用自己的行为来影响他人。 Cinderella lives in .However， she some phenomena recently and she ⁠ .Everywhere she goes，she will see ⁠ ， and characters ⁠ .Besides，there are often in the town. ⁠ ，Cinderella ⁠ with other environmentalists.Instead of ⁠ ，she decides to ⁠. a historic and scenic town　 is annoyed about　 couldn’t swallow her anger　 varied plastic packaging　 shells of nuts　 carved on walls and trees　 traffic jams　 Anxious about her town　 sets out to clean up the rubbish　 blaming the tourists for pollution　 affect others with her behaviour　 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 •阅读理解（2023·全国甲卷·D) 　　Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. 　　 “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more， they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. 　　The western half of the U. S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 　　 Today，there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U. S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now， grizzlies remain listed. 　　 Obviously，if precautions (预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can become troublesome， sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel， longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了美国灰熊从多变少的发展过 程，和在法律的保护下，灰熊的数量增长，并探讨了针对灰熊的应 对保护方案。 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies？ A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Grizzly bears...occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche (灰熊在美国人心中占 据了一个矛盾的角落)”和“we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams...their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear”可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可见，人们对 它们的感情很复杂，故A项正确。 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？ A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act (1975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动物法 案》中)”和第四段的“Today，there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U. S. (如今，美国大约有2 000或更多头灰熊)”可 以推断，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关，故C项 正确。 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies？ A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据题干的“the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies”可以迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups (由于 来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝试都被推翻了)”可知，动物保护 组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危 动物法案》中除名，故A项正确。 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away (如果人们 把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安 无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰熊也非 常有效)”可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处，故B项正确。 【词汇识记】 1. conflicted adj.矛盾的，因心理冲突而不知所措的 2. psyche n.心理；精神；心灵；灵魂；心态 3. expand v.扩大；扩展(业务) 4. increasingly adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 5. rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；大致的 6. re-occupy v.再占领(建筑、地区等) 7. de-list v.把……从清单中删除 8. overturn v.推翻，撤销(判决等)；倾倒；倾覆 9. conservation n.保护；保持；文物保护 10. lawsuit n.诉讼；起诉 11. troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；讨厌的；令人痛苦的 12. flood into 涌入 13. for now目前，现在 14. be effective at在……方面有效 15. fright n.受惊，害怕→frighten v.使害怕，使受惊→frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的 16. mere adj.仅仅的；只不过→merely adv.仅仅；只不过 17. loosen v.放宽(限制、法律等)→loose adj.宽松的；疏松的 18. attractant n.(对动物等的)诱食剂，引诱剂→attract v.吸引；使喜 爱；引起……的好感→attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的 →attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引力 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. ⁠ 住所　 【难句分析】 By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. [译文选择] A. 到20世纪70年代初，经过定居者几个世纪残酷地和持续地猎杀，600到800只灰熊待在落基山脉北部仅有原来2％的区域内。 B. 到20世纪70年代初，经过定居者几个世纪残酷地和持续地猎杀，600到800只灰熊待在落基山脉北部原来的区域内，只有原来的2％。(　A　) A [结构分析] 这是一个简单句。by the early 1970s和after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers都是介词短语作时间状语。 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·苏北四市调研)Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can，too.A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change，and how they are passing down the adaptation to their offspring (后代). 　　Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever.For example，climate change is making winters shorter in many locations，and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time，”says Martinelli，a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten，plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering.These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.” 　　Because plants don’t have neural (神经的) networks，their memory is based entirely on cellular (细胞的)， molecular (分子的)， and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call the somatic memory. “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly，”says Martinelli. 　　These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics (表观遗传学).“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory for environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offsprings to these stresses，”says Martinelli. 　　Going forward，Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down.“We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence (顺 序)，” he says.“This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change we observe today.Every living organism，including plants，needs to quickly adapt to survive.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物如何 快速适应气候变化带来的影响，以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后 代等相关信息。 1. What adaptation have plants made to shortened cold seasons？ A. They have shortened their flowering time. B. They have got more chances to reproduce. C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. D. They have adjusted their environmental clock. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many plants require ...their flowering time”“As cold seasons ...delay flowering.”可知，许多植物需要一 段最短的寒冷时间来建立它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时 间。随着寒冷季节变短，植物作出相应的改变，需要更短的寒冷时 间以延迟开花。故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What can we learn about the somatic memory？ A. It is entirely based on neural networks. B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive. C. It can help relieve environmental stresses. D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It allows plants to ...to react accordingly”和第四段中的“These somatic memories ...via epigenetics.”可知，体细胞记忆能使植物识别先前环境条件的发生 并作出相应的反应，并可以遗传给后代。故可推知，体细胞记忆可 帮助植物后代生存。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What does the underlined word “modulating”mean in paragraph 4？ A. Adjusting. B. Treasuring. C. Recording. D. Sharing. 答案：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的语境可知，此处表示几个例子证 明了分子机制的存在，这些机制调节植物对环境压力的记忆，并影 响后代对这些压力的适应。modulate意为“调节”，故A项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ A. Plants Are Smart about Flowering Time B. Plants Can Also Adapt to Climate Change C. Environmental Stresses Challenge Plants D. Mysteries of Plant Genes Are to Be Unfolded 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。通读全文内容尤其是文章第一段可知，越来越多的证 据表明植物也可以很快适应不利的环境条件。文章主要讲述了植物 如何快速适应气候变化带来的影响，以及它们如何将这些适应传递 给后代。故B项“植物也能适应气候变化”最适合作本文的标题。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2023·江苏徐州检测)Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity.This biofilm， which was announced in Nature Communications，has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics，powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics. “This is a very exciting technology，”says Liu Xiaomeng，a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author.“It generates real green energy，and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources，its production is totally green.” That is because this biofilm—which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper—is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens.Geobacter sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment.But such batteries require that Geobacter sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet.By contrast，this new biofilm，which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery，works continuously，because it is dead.And because it is dead，it doesn’t need to be fed. The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin.While we daily read stories about solar power，at least 50％ of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water.“This is a huge，undiscovered source of energy，” says Yao Jun，professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst，and the paper’s one senior author.Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat，the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into sufficient energy to power small equipment.“Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics，” says Yao，and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems，rather than single equipment. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种生物膜， 可以在蒸发过程中收集能量，并将其转化为电能。并且其生产也是 真正的绿色环保。 5. Which of the following can biofilm do according to the first paragraph？ A. Update wearable electronics. B. Get power from evaporation. C. Supply energy to microbial batteries. D. Transform the way of generating electricity. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“a biofilm that harvests the energy in evaporation and changes it to electricity (一种生物膜可以在 蒸发过程中收集能量，并将其转化为电能)”可知，生物膜能从蒸 发中获取能量，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”？ A. It is comparatively thinner. B. It is environmentally friendly. C. It adopts a rare energy source. D. It decreases the cost in usage. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“By contrast，this new biofilm， which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery，works continuously，because it is dead.And because it is dead，it doesn’t need to be fed.(相比之下，这种新的生物膜可以提供与同等大小的 电池一样多的能量，因为它是死的，所以它可以持续工作。因为它 已经死了，所以不需要喂食)” 可知，生物膜与微生物电池相比， 其优势是不需要喂食，可以持久工作。所以更经济实惠，节省使用 过程中的费用。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. How does the biofilm power small devices？ A. By interacting with solar power. B. By making electricity out of sweat. C. By gaining energy from electronic system. D. By employing water to generate electricity. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat，the biofilm can ‘plug into’ it and change the energy locked in evaporation into sufficient energy to power small equipment.(由于我们的皮肤表面不断被汗水浸湿，生物膜可以‘插 入’它，将锁定在蒸发中的能量转化为足够的能量来驱动小型设 备)”可知，生物膜通过蒸发皮肤表面的汗水从而获得能量，为小 型设备供电。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following best describes the biofilm？ A. Intelligent. B. Flexible. C. Delicate. D. Promising. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems，rather than single equipment.(刘指出，其中一个目标是给整个电子系统提供电量，而 不是给单个设备提供电量)”可知，生物膜是一种非常富有前景的 绿色能源。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。中国菜到了西方以后 受到了西方的影响，文章介绍了西化的中国菜和传统中国菜的 不同之处。 (2023·浙江金华测试)Most Americans love Chinese food.However，the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China. 　1　Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America.To make a living，some of them opened restaurants.Over these years，Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences. 1. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s. B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China，and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. 1 2 3 4 5 F. Deep frying food is quick，which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后的“Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing ... been adapted to reflect Western influences.”可知，A选项和下文内容相呼应，in the mid-1800s和下文的then相呼应，westernized Chinese food和Western influences相呼应，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5  　2　The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying.Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods.However，traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying.Instead，methods such as baking，steaming，boiling and fermenting (发酵) are more commonly used. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s. B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China，and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. F. Deep frying food is quick，which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段内容以及下文的another big difference可知，G选项与之相 呼应，符合语境，故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used. 　3　 Some ingredients—like carrots， onions and tomatoes—are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking.In addition，while you can find some Western cuisines that use strange meats—like pig ears—most Western cultures are pretty conservative about the meats they consume.Authentic Chinese food，in contrast，uses a wider variety of protein sources，including tofu， snake，chicken feet，duck blood and many more that Westerners generally wouldn’t choose to eat. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s. B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China，and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. F. Deep frying food is quick，which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文的“Some ingredients—like carrots，onions and tomatoes— are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking.(一些配料，如胡萝 卜、洋葱和西红柿，在正宗的中国菜中并不常用)”可知，B选项中 的vegetables和like carrots，onions and tomatoes相呼应，且语义(西 化的中国菜以西餐中常见的蔬菜为特色)承接上下文，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5  　4　Sweet and Sour Chicken，for example，has no equivalent (同等物) in traditional Chinese cuisine.Similarly，the fortune cookie is a completely American invention. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s. B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China，and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. 1 2 3 4 5 D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. F. Deep frying food is quick，which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文的“Sweet and Sour Chicken，for example，has no equivalent in traditional Chinese cuisine.(糖醋鸡在中国传统烹饪中就 没有类似的食物)”可知，E选项的语义(许多在西方最受欢迎的中 国菜在中国餐馆里根本不存在)可以承接下文，且Sweet and Sour Chicken和the most popular Chinese dishes in the West相呼应，are not served和has no equivalent相呼应，故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 Indeed，there are numerous differences between authentic and westernized Chinese cuisine，but Western palates (味觉) adapt to new flavors easily. 　5　. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s. B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China，and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. F. Deep frying food is quick，which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段内容可知，正宗的中国菜和西化的中国菜有很多不同之 处，但是西方人的口味很容易适应新的口味，D选项在语义(所以， 正宗的中国菜在美国流行也许只是时间问题)上与上文是因果关 系，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垃圾分类是保 护环境的好方法，我们都应该积极参与实践。 (2023·河南项城检测)With the development of science and technology，our life is becoming much better and more convenient. However，more garbage and pollution 1. 　　　　　　 (produce) at the same time，which 2. 　　　　　　 (lay) a heavy burden on our environment. 1. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，更多的垃圾和污染同 时产生，这给我们的环境带来了沉重的负担。根据句意可知，句子 陈述的是客观事实应用一般现在时，produce与主语more garbage and pollution之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语more garbage and pollution是复数，be动词应用are。故填are produced。 答案：are produced 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意见上题解析。结合上下文可知，句子 应用一般现在时。又分析句子结构可知，lay是从句的谓语动词， which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，从句谓语动 词应用第三人称单数形式。故填lays。 答案：lays 3.  　　　　　　 is known to all，environment plays a vital role in our daily life.In response to the severe situation，we should take effective 4. 　　　　　　 (measure) to protect the planet where we coexist.It is suggested that we should sort waste 5. 　　　　　　 (relieve) the situation. 3. 考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，环境在我们的日常生活中起着 至关重要的作用。as is known to all为固定搭配，表示“众所周 知”，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句，在从句中作主语，表 示“正如”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。 答案：As 4. 考查名词的单复数。句意：面对严峻的形势，我们应该采取有效 措施，保护我们共存的地球。take measures to do sth.为固定短语， 表示“采取措施做某事”，用名词复数表示泛指。故填measures。 答案：measures 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有人建议我们把垃圾分类以缓解这种情 况。结合文义，把垃圾分类是为了缓解这种情况，空处应用不定式 形式做目的状语。故填to relieve。 答案：to relieve Garbage classification，which is a good way to protect our environment，can’t be overemphasized.It can help separate recyclable waste，which can be 6. 　　　　　　(full) used to help save the resources to a large degree.Not only can we make our environment clean and beautiful，but also recyclable waste can be made good use of to benefit us 7. 　　　　　　return. 6. 考查词性转换。句意：它可以帮助分离可回收的废物，这些废物 可以充分利用，有助于在很大程度上节约资源。空处修饰动词 used，应用副词形式作状语，fully是副词，表示“充分地”。故填 fully。 答案：fully 7. 考查介词。句意：我们不仅可以使我们的环境清洁和美丽，而且 可回收的废物可以被很好地利用，以造福我们作为回报。in return 为固定短语，表示“作为回报”，符合句意。故填in。 答案：in As garbage classification is significant，we should take 8. 　　　　　 active part in putting it into practice.It’s a must for 9. 　　　　　 (we) to learn to sort waste.It is the little things we do today that have a profound influence on the planet.Only if all of us make joint efforts can we make a big 10. 　　　　　(different) and have a good environment. 8. 考查冠词。句意：由于垃圾分类很重要，我们应该积极参与实践。take an active part in表示“积极参与”，active的发音是以元音音素开头的，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 答案：an 9. 考查代词。句意：我们必须学会垃圾分类。空处作介词for的宾语，应用代词的宾格形式us，表示“我们”。故填us。 答案：us 10. 考查词性转换。句意：只有我们大家共同努力，我们才能产生 大的影响，才能拥有一个良好的环境。make a difference为固定短 语，表示“有影响”。故填difference。 答案：difference 语言运用综合提升 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2023·山东济南模拟)Jess，a 14-year-old girl，lives in Mallacoota，a small town in Australia.She is one of many children who have been through mental  　1　 and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires. 　　She  　2　 the bushfires with fear.“I had never been so scared.The sky was turned to blood red，and the embers (余烬) were  　3　 all around us.It was much worse than any  　4　 film，”she said. 　　Jess，along with her family，spent two terrifying days on the local boat where residents stayed for  　5　 ，and it was also a place where  　6　 could not be broken.Jess and her little companions planned to  　7　 their community garden and the house for chickens. 　　One blessing for Mallacoota is that no one  　8　 their life during the disaster. Roads into and out of the town are beginning to reopen. Wandering alone among the houses  　9　 to the ground，Jess still managed to find a  　10　 side and said at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore.In no time she and her companions  　11　 started to restore the community garden and even  　12　 a family of chickens to the new“home”，making something bad into something good. 　　“It’s a long road back to  　13　 life. But it is surely  　14　 if we have the will，” Jess said. “My beloved hometown will  　15　 again.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要从Jess的视角 展现了森林火灾对其家乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的 积极态度。 1. A. disorder B. suffering C. growth D. training 答案：B 由下文内容可知，Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子之一。 suffering“痛苦”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. recalled B. imagined C. observed D. controlled 答案：A 根据语境可知，Jess已经被救出来了，此处是指她回忆 (recalled) 森 林火灾发生的情形时仍感到害怕。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. escaping B. crowding C. flying D. running 答案：C 根据语境可知，此处是指天空变成了血红色，余烬在她们周围 飞舞。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. scary B. artistic C. fancy D. silent 答案：A 根据第二段第一句中的with fear和Jess对火灾的描述可知，她很恐 惧火灾，所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影做比较，体现Jess对火灾 的恐惧与后怕。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. comfort B. peace C. treat D. safety 答案：D 根据空后的“and ...could not be broken”和语境可知，Jess和她的家 人待在当地的船上，居民在这里应是寻求安全。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. rules B. spirits C. habits D. promises 答案：B 上文讲述的是身体安全，空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit“精 神；心灵；情绪”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. reserve B. design C. rebuild D. decorate 答案：C 根据常识可知，火灾的后果是毁灭性的，所以此处是指Jess和她的 小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. saved B. lost C. took D. changed 答案：B 根据上文的one blessing可知，这里讲述的应该是值得庆幸的方面， 即无人死亡。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. knocked B. blown C. exploded D. burnt 答案：D 分析句子结构可知，空处作houses的后置定语；结合语境可知，应 选burnt，表示被烧毁的房屋。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. positive B. warm C. familiar D. correct 答案：A 根据下文的“at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore”可知，Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”，也就是 说，她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. wisely B. luckily C. actively D. anxiously 答案：C 这句话描述了她和她的朋友立即开始恢复社区花园，由此可以推 断，她的行为态度是相当积极的，故选actively。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. returned B. welcomed C. forced D. contributed 答案：B 这一段在描述Jess的积极态度，所以此处表示Jess甚至欢迎小鸡家 族来新家，借此苦中作乐。welcome“欢迎”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. simple B. common C. normal D. social 答案：C 根据语境可知，整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续的重建， 这里是对前面内容的总结，表示“恢复正常生活还有很长的路要 走”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. hopeful B. risky C. special D. tough 答案：A 根据提示词but可知，空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系，因此 此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度，故选hopeful。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. rest B. expand C. struggle D. shine 答案：D 根据语境可知，此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盆景及其 发展历史。 (2023·江苏南京二模)Seeing these “gardens” is like looking at a universe in a plant pot.The miniature (微型的) branches spread and twist，1. 　　　　　　 (demonstrate) the beauty of nature，so as to allow viewers to stop and reflect on the circle of life.The potted landscape of penjing 2. 　　　　　　 (be) a representative of top- ranking garden art ever since its existence. 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：微型的树枝舒展扭曲，展现自然之美， 让观者驻足思考生命的轮回。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动 词spread和twist，空处在此处作非谓语，demonstrate与branches是逻 辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填demonstrating。 答案：demonstrating 2. 考查时态。句意：盆景自诞生以来，一直是顶级园林艺术的代 表。根据下文ever since its existence可知，应用现在完成时，主语 为the potted landscape of penjing，用has。故填has been。 答案：has been 3.  　　　　　　 (expected)，the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非 物质文化遗产) in 2011.4. 　　　　　　 penjing，Suzhou gardens wouldn’t be as charming as they are today.Once the construction of a garden is completed，its buildings are set，but planting can grow and change，which makes gardens 5. 　　　　　　 (live). 3. 考查词性转换。句意：不出所料，2011年，苏式盆景技艺被列为 国家级非物质文化遗产。修饰下文句子应用副词expectedly，作状 语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Expectedly。 答案：Expectedly 4. 考查介词。句意：如果没有盆景，苏州园林就不会像今天这样迷 人。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without，句首单词首 字母要大写。故填Without。 答案：Without 5. 考查词性转换。句意：花园一旦建成，建筑就固定了，但植物可 以生长和变化，这使花园充满活力。此处作宾语补足语，表示“有 活力的”应用形容词lively或alive，故填lively/alive。 答案：lively/alive The history of penjing 6. 　　　　　　 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty when the great poet Bai Juyi used some stones 7. 　　　　　　 (create) miniature landscapes in pots.And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou，the very period 8. 　　　　　　 turned the city into a major cultural center.Because of that long history，Suzhou-style penjing is often seen as 9. 　　　　　　 fundamental school of Chinese planting art. 6. 考查时态。句意：盆景的历史可以追溯到唐朝，当时伟大的诗人 白居易用一些石头在罐子里创造了微型景观。陈述客观事实用一般 现在时，主语为the history of penjing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形 式。故填dates。 答案：dates 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。此处为短语use sth.to do sth. 表示“用某物做某事”。故填to create。 答案：to create 8. 考查定语从句。句意：明朝标志着苏州经济的繁荣，也正是在这 个时期，苏州成了一个重要的文化中心。分析句子结构可知，空处 引导定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词period，从句缺少主语，又由 于先行词前有the very修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 答案：that 9. 考查冠词。句意：由于历史悠久，苏式盆景通常被视为中国种植 艺术的一个基本流派。school为可数名词，此处为泛指且fundamental的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案：a 200 Penjing works are beautiful，but people think that they were owned by the rich.However，only when they are enjoyed by general 10. 　　　　　　 (consume) can they benefit from being part of people’s wider modern artistic taste. 10. 考查名词的单复数。句意：然而，只有当它们为普通消费者所 喜爱时，它们才能成为人们更广泛的现代艺术品位的一部分。表示 “消费者”应用名词consumer，空前没有冠词故用复数形式。故填 consumers。 答案：consumers Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·重庆名校联考)近日，日本将核污染水排海的事件引起了 国际上的广泛关注。假定你是李华，请向某中学生英语报刊环保专 栏投稿，表达对此事的看法。内容包括： 1. 发表看法； 2. 发出呼吁。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 参考词汇：核污染水nuclear-contaminated water ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] Recently，Japan has poured nuclear-contaminated water into the sea，which caused widespread international attention. I strongly condemn this action.As human beings，we should protect our sea and pouring nuclear-contaminated water into the sea should be forbidden.For one thing，nuclear-contaminated water may cause many sea animals to die.For another，people who eat marine products from the polluted sea will be sick. As we all know，the ocean is very important for people.Pouring nuclear-contaminated water into the sea is harmful to sea animals and human beings，which should be stopped. Ⅳ.读后续写 (2023·江苏五市三模)It was one morning，and I awoke with a mission：to find my lost cat，Baby-Girl.As I got ready，I could hear icy rain pelting the windows.Baby-Girl was out there somewhere in the storm； I could just feel it.Sure，it had been a couple of weeks since she’d gone missing，but I still had faith.This was the season for miracles，after all. About two weeks ago，my sweet kitty disappeared from my parents’ house in my hometown.Baby-Girl had been staying with them while I was between apartments.At the time，I lived and worked in another city.I was staying with friends until I rented my own house.Baby-Girl had gotten out of my parents’ house the day before I was set to drive back home to pick her up. My dad and I had spent that entire visit searching for her.Dad was a “realist”，which meant he spent a whole lot of time trying to prepare me for the worst.“She’s either been hit by a car or been taken in by someone who found her，” he said.I rolled my eyes.He could do with a little more faith！ Besides，though I couldn’t explain it，I knew I’d see Baby-Girl again.She could survive all on her own.If any cat could do the impossible，it was my Baby-Girl.Even after I returned to my house without her，deep down I had this undeniable feeling that we would be reunited one day. Now，home again for the holidays，I was determined to pick up my search right where I’d left off.I grabbed Baby-Girl’s cat carrier and loaded it into the car，then asked my dad to drive me to the shelter. At the shelter，a staff member took us to see the cats.We walked through rows of cages.My eyes scanned cats of all colors and sizes.None of them was my Baby-Girl.Then I noticed a room farther back.I pushed ahead.“Sweetheart，that’s where they keep the cats that just came in，” Dad said.“Your cat wouldn’t be in there.” 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 I insisted it didn’t hurt to look and stepped into the room. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Sensing their doubts，I was ready to prove she was my cat. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [写作指导] 　　【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索，这篇文章讲述了作者寻找 失踪的猫咪Baby-Girl的经历。作者决心要找到失踪的猫咪，相信它 仍在暴风雨中的某个地方。虽然已经过去了几周，但作者仍然有信 心。在之前的探访中，作者和父亲一起寻找Baby-Girl。但父亲是一 个“现实主义者”，他试图让作者为最坏的情况做好准备。作者深 信，如果有任何一只猫咪能够完成不可能的任务，那就是她的 Baby-Girl。尽管作者未能在动物收容所中找到它，但作者仍然相信 他们将有一天能与所爱的宠物重聚。 [思路导引] 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我坚持认为看看没有关系，并走进 了房间”可知，第一段可描写作者在那个房间中发现了自己心 爱的猫咪。 ②由第二段首句内容“察觉到他们的怀疑，我准备证明它是我 的猫”可知，第二段可描写作者通过自己与猫咪的互动证明这只猫 就是自己丢失的那只。 2. 续写线索：走进房间——熟悉的声音——抱在怀里——被 怀疑——训练——开心 [参考范文]  　I insisted it didn’t hurt to look and stepped into the room.　Suddenly，there came a familiar meow.I followed the sound and my eyes fell on a little cat with big green eyes.She was skinnier than I remembered，but it was Baby-Girl！ My eye swelled up with tears.I opened the cage door.Baby-Girl practically jumped into my arms.I held her close as Dad looked on.“There’s just no way...，” he mumbled.The shelter staff were skeptical too，saying the cat had just been brought in during the morning storm.  　Sensing their doubts，I was ready to prove she was my cat.　I grabbed the carrier.I’d trained Baby-Girl to walk inside the carrier.Sure enough，when she was let down on the floor，she made a dash for the carrier and rushed right inside.I was overjoyed to have her back.It was a miracle that she had managed to survive on her own for so long，and I was filled with admiration for her strength and determination.I thanked my lucky stars that I had never given up hope，and that I had come back to the shelter one last time. $$