第四讲 特殊句式-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第四讲　特殊句式 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟倒装、强调、省略等句式结构的用法。 It was at midnight that Lucy woke up①.So hungry was she that she realized that she did have to get up to get something to eat②.She went to the kitchen.There was a cabbage，some hams and some eggs in the fridge③.No sooner had she taken out what she needed than she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food④.In fact，seldom had she cooked for herself before⑤.“Had I learned cooking from my mother，I would have become a good cook⑥，”she sighed and continued her job.However，hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink when she noticed it didn't work⑦.Neither could another tap⑧.Only with the help of the spanner did water come out of the tap at last⑨.But it was unlucky for her to cut her finger while cutting hams⑩.Out ran Lucy at once⑪.With a bandage wrapping her wounded finger，she finished cooking a delicious meal at last.From the kitchen came a good smell⑫.Being at table，she got down to enjoying her food.Unfortunately，not until she tasted her food did she find she forgot to add some salt to it⑬. [用法体悟] ①处为__________，其基本结构为It is/was...that...；②处为so...that句型，“so＋adj./adv.”位于句首时，主句应用_________，that从句用正常语序；③处为______________，表示某地存在某物，是一个倒装句式；④处为no sooner...than句型，当no sooner置于句首时，其后用_________，than后的句子用正常语序；从⑤处中可以看出，含否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子应用__________；⑥处为虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句省略if时，应将were，had或should提 强调句型 部分倒装 there be句型 部分倒装 部分倒装 前，构成____________；⑦处为hardly...when...句型，当hardly提至句首时，主句应用____________，后面的从句用正常语序；⑧处为“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构(_____用于肯定句，___________ 用于否定句)，是倒装句，表示前面所述情况也适合另一个人或物；⑨处为倒装句。当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时，句子应用___________；⑩处为省略句。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且含有be动词时，可省略___________________，构成状语从句的省 部分倒装 部分倒装 so neither/nor 部分倒装 从句主语与be动词 略结构；⑪处为倒装句。in，out，up，down，over，away，off，back等副词放在句首时(主语是名词)，句子应用____________，表示强调；⑫处为倒装句。当句首是充当地点状语的介词短语，且谓语是be动词，stand，sit，lie，come等(主语是名词)时，句子常用____________；⑬处为倒装句。not until引导的状语从句位于句首时，状语从句用正常语序，主句应用___________。 全部倒装 全部倒装 部分倒装 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 [高考真题练] 省略 1．(2022·全国甲卷)Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while_______ (keep) in the cage. 倒装 2．(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each；gone_____ the days of thousands standing to watch the match. kept are 其他 3．(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _______we saw Lily in the passenger seat. that [微技能点拨] 解题步骤 第1步：分析句式结构，确定是何种特殊句式。 第2步：根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子需部分倒装。 这类词或短语有never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，not until，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but (also)...，nowhere，neither...nor...等。 Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。 2．“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。 3．“so/such...that...”结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 I saw a cartoon film last week，so did she.上周我看了一部动画电影，她也看了。 5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语、状语、动词要放在as/though之前，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 Child as he is，he knows more about it.虽然他是个孩子，但他更了解这个问题。 6．在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had，were，should要提到主语前面。 Were I you，I would apply for the job.如果我是你，我会申请那份工作的。 7．在表示祝愿的句子中常用部分倒装。 May you succeed.祝你成功。 (二)全部倒装 1．here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。 South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。 2．有时为突出或强调，将表语提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装结构。 Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。 1．Next door to ours_______ (live) a couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time. 2．Here ______(be) some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you. live are 考点二 强调句 强调句 陈述句式：It＋is/was...＋that/who... 一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋...＋that/who...？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...？ “not...until...”的强调句： It is/was not until...that...(注意时态) 强调谓 语动词 do/does/did＋动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只用于一般现在时和一般过去时) [特别提醒]　强调句式中that/who后面的句子中的谓语动词的人称和单复数要与被强调部分保持一致。 It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。 When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ It was not until he got home that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家后才发现他的包落在了出租车上。 She did tell me about her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 [特别提醒]　强调句型和“It is/was＋时间＋when...”的区别： It was at 11：00 that he came back.他是在11点的时候回来的。(强调句型) It was 11：00 when he came back.他回来的时候11点了。(时间状语从句) 3．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _____ the coach picks up tourists. 4．It is because of her strong will ______she never gives up whatever difficulties she meets. that that 考点三 省略句 (一)状语从句的省略 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，他们会感到是被迫的。 While walking along the street，I heard my name called.走在大街上时，我听到有人叫我的名字。 (二)不定式的省略 1．在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，通常保留这些词。 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。 2．感官动词(see，look，notice，watch，observe，listen，hear，feel等)和使役动词(make，have，let等)后带不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。 He often makes his sister do the housework for him.他总是让他姐姐替他做家务。 I was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。 (三)用so或not等替代上文的内容 当由I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong，but I hope so/not.也许我会被证明是错的，但我希望如此/不是那样。 (四)其他常见的省略形式 if ever如果有过的话 if busy如果忙的话 if anything如果有什么(不同) if possible如果可能的话 if so如果那样的话 if not如果不的话 if necessary如果必要的话 5．When ___________(take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effects. taken 考点四 感叹句 1．What (＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ What beautiful flowers they are！多么美丽的花啊！ 2．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How clever a boy he is! ＝What a clever boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩呀！ 3．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！ 6．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)__________ a wonderful time we had！ What 考点五 祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的常见句型： (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句： “如果……就……” (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句：“……否则……” Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the results of the experiment.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 Start out right away，or you'll miss the first train.立刻出发，否则你将错过首班列车。 7．Always _______(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 8．_____ (cut) out food that contains much fat，and you will lose weight and keep healthy. keep Cut 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国的500米口径球面射电望远镜首次从外太空探测到一个重复的快速射电暴。 China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) has detected a repeating fast radio burst (FRB)—strange radio 1. (signal) from outer space—for the first time. Scientists on the FAST project with the National Astronomical Observatories of China broke the news 2. Wednesday. 1．考查名词的单复数。根据设空前strange radio可知，此处应用名词；结合句中 a repeating fast radio burst 可知，这个快速射电暴不断重复，所以此处要用复数。 答案：signals 2．考查介词。在具体的某一天，要用介词on。 答案：on The FRB originated some three billion light years away from Earth. FRB is one of the 3. (hot) ever topics in astronomy. It was not until 2007 4. the first FRB was discovered by humans. Fewer than 100 FRBs have been detected internationally to date. There is still no convincing 5. (explain) for the origin of FRB in the international scientific community at present. 3．考查形容词最高级。one of ＋the ＋ 形容词最高级＋复数名词，表示“最……之一”，为固定搭配。 答案：hottest 4．考查强调句。not until的强调句型为：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他，本句使用了not until的强调句型，结合句式要求，设空处用that引出句子其他部分。 答案：that 5．考查词性转换。convincing“令人信服的”为形容词，形容词修饰名词，空格处表示单数含义，用名词explanation。 答案：explanation FRBs mostly only appear once, which makes them very hard 6. ______ (track). The FRB detected by FAST's real-time detection terminal, however, is one that has been observed before. 7. (know) as FRB121102, it was first discovered in 2012 and found to repeat in 2015. Analysis of data later 8. ______ (indicate) that the signal came from a dwarf galaxy (矮星系) three billion light years away. The first pulse from FRB121102 9. (spot) by FAST on August 30. After this, 10. ______ telescope recorded dozens of pulses from the FRB over the course of days. On September 3 alone, more than 20 pulses were detected. 6．考查非谓语动词。句式：make＋宾语＋形容词＋to do，不定式在此处用作补语；结合空前的makes them very hard可知，空处填to track。 答案：to track 7．考查非谓语动词。逗号前的内容在句中作状语，句子主语it与动词know为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词known，因处于句首，首字母要大写。 答案：Known 8．考查动词的时态。结合上文“it was first discovered in 2012 and found to repeat in 2015. Analysis of data later”可知，此处论述的动作发生在过去，所以时态用一般过去时，空处在句中作谓语。 答案：indicated 9．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语on August 30可知，此处的时态为一般过去时；主语the first pulse为单数，和动词spot之间为动宾关系，所以此处填was spotted。 答案：was spotted 10．考查冠词。根据上文可知，此处的射电望远镜指上文的FAST，表示特指，用定冠词the修饰。 答案：the   Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中特殊句式的使用。 Dear Jane， 1．___________ (时间过得真快)！I'm delighted to hear from you.In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy.2._______________ (这是我的建议). How time flies Here is my advice Firstly，you should keep a balanced diet.3.___________________ __________ (不要吃高脂肪、高糖食物).You should eat more vegetables.Secondly，taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body.4.__________________________________________________ (只有这样，你才能够有足够的精力来更好地学习).As we all know，5._________________________________________________________ (有规律的锻炼在保持我们的健康方面起着重要作用).Finally，make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night. Don't eat food high in fat and sugar Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better it is regular exercise that plays an important part in keeping us healthy 6．________________________________________________ (合理饮食并有规律地锻炼，你就能保持健康).7. ____________________ __________(我真希望我的建议有用). Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua Eat properly and exercise regularly and you will stay healthy I do hope my advice is helpful $$