第一讲 并列句和状语从句-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

专题四　理清常用句式——并列句、三大从句和特殊句式 第一讲　并列句和状语从句 专项提能 语法突破 (一) 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的用法。 Not only had Niulang lost his parents，but (also)① he was often bullied by his elder brother.What he only had was an old and weak bull，but② he took good care of it.Other men at his age had children already，while③ Niulang didn't get married yet.One day，the bull said unexpectedly，“I'd like to help you，for④ you have attended to me so carefully.Follow me，and you will get a wife！⑤” So Niulang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river.Then he did as the animal told him，hiding the youngest fairy's clothes away and⑥ telling her，“I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes or⑦ marry me.” As a result，the youngest fairy，Zhinü，became his wife.Both Niulang and⑧ Zhinü lived happily.However，the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human，so⑨ she said to Zhinü，“Go back to heaven，otherwise I will punish you！⑩” Hearing this，Zhinü was not delighted but⑪ worried.Niulang was about to run after them anxiously when⑫ the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him.Neither Zhinü nor⑬ Niulang was happy，as they missed each other so much.Seeing this，the Goddess of Heaven let them meet each other across the Milky Way once a year with the help of magpies. [用法体悟] ①处Not only...but (also)表示“____________________”，用于连接两个性质相同的词、短语或句子；②处but是表示_______关系的并列连词，此处连接两个句子；③处表示对比，意为“_______”；④处用作并列连词，表示“_____”；⑤处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示一个条件，and后的句子表示顺承的结果，意为“_____”；⑥处用于连接两个______的现在分词短语；⑦处either...or...表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”，连接 不但……而且…… 转折 然而 因为 那么 并列 两个相同成分的词、短语或句子，表示_______关系；⑧处Both...and...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语，表示“__________”；⑨处表示因果关系，连接两个并列分句，意为“_______”，其后的分句表示结果；⑩处为“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件，otherwise后的句子表示_________的结果；⑪处not...but...意为“___________________”；⑫处为固定搭配be about to do...when...，表示“_______________________”；⑬处Neither...nor...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语，表示“____________________”。 选择 两者都 因此 相反 不是……而是…… 刚要做某事突然…… 既不……也不…… (二) 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑连词的用法及其引导的状语从句的类型。 My mother was cooking in the kitchen while① I was doing my school assignments.As soon as② I finished my homework，I went to get some water to drink.Then the doorbell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door before③ I could open it.We were surprised the moment④ we saw her because⑤ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer than⑥ we expected.Since⑦ we didn't know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for my sister's story.We wouldn't leave unless⑧ my sister told us all about it.After⑨ my sister got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch when⑩ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside.She couldn't get out of the ditch.Although⑪ she cried for help，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but，however⑫ hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.As⑬ time went by，she got worried.After several vain attempts，she had to stand where⑭ she was and waited until⑮ a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did as⑯ the boy told，so⑰ she came out.My sister also warned us to be careful when walking on a path⑱ even though⑲ we are in a great hurry.That's true.We should mind our step so that⑳ we can ensure our safety. [用法体悟] ①处引导_____状语从句。强调主从句动作同时进行，意为“当……时候”；②处引导时间状语从句，表示“______________”；③处引导_____状语从句，表示“还没来得及就……”；④处引导______状语从句，类似的名词词组还有the second，the day，the first time，next time等；⑤处引导______状语从句。如果后接名词性短语表示原因，则用because of引导；⑥处引导______状语从句；⑦处引导_____状语 时间 一……就…… 时间 时间 原因 比较 原因 从句；⑧处相当于if...not，有“除非；如果不”之意，引导_____状语从句；⑨处引导_____状语从句；⑩处引导_____状语从句，表示“当……时”；⑪处引导______状语从句，此时主句可以与副词still连用，但不能与连词but连用；⑫处引导_____状语从句，相当于no matter how；⑬处引导时间状语从句，表示“______”；⑭处引导_____状语从句，表示“在……的地方”；⑮处引导____状语从句，表示“直到……”，主句谓语需用延续性动词；⑯处引导____ 条件 时间 时间 让步 让步 随着 地点 时间 方式 状语从句，意为“按照；像……那样”；⑰处引导_____状语从句；⑱处为时间状语从句的____形式，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可省略从句主语与be动词，构成省略形式；⑲处引导_____状语从句，表示“即使；尽管”；⑳处引导____状语从句，可替换为in order that。 结果 省略 让步 目的 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 [高考真题练] 并列句 1．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, _________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. but/yet 2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)_______________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river. 3．(2021·全国乙卷改编)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom ______________(when) necessary. When/As whenever 状语从句 [微技能点拨] 1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构： (1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词； (2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。 2．注意固定句式中的连词。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 并列连词 并列连词主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系等，可用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。常见的并列连词： 1．表示转折或对比关系：but，yet，while，whereas等 It often rains in the south，while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。 2．表示并列关系：and，both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等 The earth is one of the sun's planets，and the moon is the earth's satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，并且月球是地球的卫星。 3．表示选择关系：or，or else，either...or...等 Would you like to leave or stay？你是想走还是想留？ 4．表示因果关系：so，for等 He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。 5．特殊并列连词及并列句 (1)when可用于并列句，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①be about to do sth.when...“正要做……这时……” ②be on the point of doing sth.when...“正要做……这时……” ③be doing sth.when...“正在做……这时……” ④had (just) done sth.when...“刚……这时……” She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Be careful，or you will hurt yourself.小心点，否则你会伤到自己。 One more step and I'll succeed.再有一步我就成功了。 1．At school，some students are active ______some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another. 2．Life is beautiful，________ we should fully enjoy it.   while so/and 考点二 状语从句 (一)时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有when，as，while，after，before，since，once，until，till，as soon as，every time/each time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly等。 1．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等。 We will leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。 (2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时；当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst out crying.她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。 2．before与since的常用句式 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前，还未……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就…… (1)It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before...“(没有)过……(时间)才……” (2)It was not long before...“不久，就……” (3)It was＋一段时间＋before...“过了……(时间)才……” since 自……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时) There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.距离你最喜欢的乐队现场表演仅有一天的时间了。 As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的那样，清华大学建校一百多年了。 3．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句 By the time I got to the station，the bus had already driven off.我到车站的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。 (二)地点状语从句 where和wherever皆可引导地点状语从句，where指某一固定地方，而wherever指任何一个地方。 I'll go where he went.我要去他去过的地方。(特定地点) I'll go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我就去哪儿。(任意地点) (三)原因状语从句 1．because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。 I couldn't see Helen's expression，because her head was turned.我看不到海伦的表情，因为她转过头去了。 2．as，since，for和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since意为“既然，鉴于”时，不可用as替换。 As it's raining，you'd better take a taxi.下雨了，你最好坐出租车。 We thought that，since we were in the area，we'd stop by and see them.我们想，既然到了这个地方，就应该顺便去看看他们。 (四)结果状语从句 常用句型：   He is so young that he cannot go to school.他太小了以至于不能去上学。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去散散步。 (五)目的状语从句 1．so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中，常用情态动词can，could等。in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。 Take action today so that/in order that you won't miss your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来，这样你就不会错过下次机会了。 2．in case(以免，以备)所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为“(should＋)动词原形”，也可以不用虚拟语气。 You may leave the key at home in case one of us (should) think of/thinks of coming back.你可以把钥匙留在家里，以免我们中有人想要回来。 (六)条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词(词组)有if，unless，so/as long as，in case (如果)，on condition that，suppose/supposing (that)，providing/provided (that)等。 1．条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。 If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话，他会做得更好些。 2．unless相当于if...not，在虚拟条件句中可用if...not，但不能用unless。 She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.她说除非生意有起色，否则她就必须将店关了。 If she were not too silly，she would understand it.要不是她太笨的话，她就理解了。 (七)让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)有although，though，even if，even though，as，whether，no matter what/who/how/where/when(＝whatever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever)，while (一般置于句首)等。 1．though与although常可互换使用。though/although引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。 Although/Though she is smart，(still) she studies hard.虽然她很聪明，但她还是用功学习。 2．as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词需提前至句首。如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词需要省略。though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as。 Pop star as she is，she still needs to improve.尽管她已经是一个流行歌手，但她仍需要努力。 Try as he might，he could not find a satisfying job.尽管他尝试过了，但是他还是找不到令人满意的工作。 Tired though he was，he continued working.他虽然很累，但还是继续工作。 3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句。 “where/what/who/whom/when/which/how＋-ever”表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where/what/who/whom/when/which/how。 However/No matter how great the difficulties are，we must complete the task on time.不管困难有多大，我们都必须按时完成任务。 (八)方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as (按照)，just as (正像)，as if (＝as though；仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这个老太太对待这个男孩就像对待自己的亲生儿子一样。 (九)比较状语从句 1．引导比较状语从句的连词(词组)有as...as，not so/as...as，than等。 2．as和than引导的从句，常省去与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分；常用替代动词do等形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。 It's warmer in spring than (it is) in winter.春天比冬天暖和。 He doesn't speak English as well as you do.他英语说得不如你好。 3．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action _______it is too late. 4．________________ (suppose) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 5．I have been in love with journalism ______I was a child. before Supposing/Suppose since 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国画的发展历史，以及中国画享有的国际声誉。通过欣赏中国画，你将会更好地了解中国传统文化和中国人。 With a history of more than 6，000 years, Chinese painting, originally 1. (pursue) by wealthy people, developed during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then, it became popular around 581 CE as more and more people began to show 2. (appreciate) of its beauty. 1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“originally 1. (pursue) by wealthy people”作定语，修饰Chinese painting，pursue与Chinese painting是被动关系，故空处用过去分词。 答案：pursued 2．考查词性转换。分析句子可知，动词后接名词作宾语，appreciation“欣赏”是不可数名词。 答案：appreciation Basic tools and materials for Chinese painting involve writing brushes, ink and paper. The Chinese painting brush is mostly made of goat, wolf or fox hair, 3. is suitable for producing brushes that are both soft and stringy (有韧性). 3．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代hair，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。 答案：which The ink stick is produced with a mixture of pine soot (松烟) and animal glue. It's used in combination with an ink stone. The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds (研磨) the ink stick on the stone, 4. (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting. 4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds，故make用非谓语动词形式作状语，make与主语the painter是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，表示理所应当的结果。 答案：making Many Chinese ancient artworks 5. (create) on silk. However, silk was 6. expensive that only very important paintings would use it. By the first century, when the early form of paper was invented, it had become a lot 7. (cheap) to paint. 5．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，creat是谓语动词，与主语artworks是被动关系，用被动语态；描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时；主语artworks是复数，谓语动词要用复数。 答案：were created 6．考查状语从句。根据句意以及下文的that可知，此处用so...that...引导状语从句，so是副词，修饰形容词expensive。 答案：so 7．考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及空前的a lot修饰形容词比较级可知，此处用形容词cheap的比较级作表语，become是系动词。 答案：cheaper Traditional Chinese painting enjoys worldwide fame 8. its original style, distinctive features and special techniques. It emphasizes harmony between man and nature. When looking at a Chinese painting, you may not 9. (initial) realize its complex concept. In fact, much remains 10. (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese paintings, you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people. 8．考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示原因，用介词for“因为”。 答案：for 9．考查词性转换。修饰动词，用副词作状语。 答案：initially 10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，remain是系动词，接不定式作表语；根据句意，主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，且learn的过去分词为learned或learnt。 答案：to be learned/to be learnt Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中连词的使用。 Dear Peter， Glad to hear from you 1.__________________________________ (欢迎你七月份来中国).I'm greatly willing to introduce some significant Chinese customs to you. and you're welcome to China in July Firstly，we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going？”or “Are you busy？”to express our care.Secondly，2. __________________________________ _____________________________________________________ (当受到表扬时，我们回答“哦，没有！”或者“过奖了”来表示礼貌).Additionally，3. __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ (收到礼物时，我们通常会说“没必要”，也会说“谢谢”，以示礼 when praised，we reply with “Oh， no！” or “I'm over-praised” to show good manners when receiving a gift，we usually say “It's unnecessary” as well as “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away 貌，然后把它收起来).Finally，at dinner parties，we talk loudly and touch glasses 4.___________________________________________ (当我们为某人的健康或成功而喝酒时) to show that we're warm. when drinking to someone's health or success Anyhow，different cultures，different customs.5.______________ _______________________________________________________(如果你入乡随俗，你会在这里过得更愉快). I hope what's mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey. Yours sincerely， Li Hua If you do as the Romans do when in Rome，you'll enjoy more of your stay here $$