第三讲 介词(短语)-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第三讲　介词(短语) 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的用法。 Born in① Beijing，Yuan Longping graduated from② Southwest Agricultural College in③ 1953，and since④ his graduation he had devoted himself to⑤ agricultural education and research.His pioneering research has helped rid China of⑥ hunger within⑦ three decades.In 1973，in cooperation with⑧ others，he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages over⑨ others and whose output would increase by⑩ 20 percent than that of common ones.With⑪ higher yields than previous varieties，Professor Yuan's new crop，regarded as⑫ the fifth invention after⑬ China's Four Great Inventions，has quickly improved China's food supply.Without⑭ any hesitation，he shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists，so farmers in more than ten other countries besides⑮ China have thus benefited from⑯ his work，gaining access to⑰ his technology.In⑱ return，he was awarded many international awards for his great achievements.In his spare time，Dr. Yuan loved playing the violin and listening to music.Every night，he read for⑲ half an hour about⑳ various topics before he went to sleep.But he cared for nothing more than his research and he went to the fields twice a day by motorbike，which has left a strong impression on us. [用法体悟] 1．介词的基本用法： (1)①处为表示_____的介词。 (2)③处用在表示____和月的名词前。 (3)④处意为“自……以来”，主句谓语动词的时态通常为______。 (4)⑦处后面接一段时间，表示“________________________”。 地点 年 完成时 不超过；在……的范围内 (5)⑧处的with表示“______”，⑪处的with表示“______”。此外with还有“关于；伴随；具有”等意思。 (6)⑬处表示“____________”。 (7)⑮处表示“_____________”。 (8)⑲处的介词for不接时间点，只与___________搭配。 (9)⑳处表示“__________________”。 和 由于 在……之后 除……之外 时间段 关于；在……方面 2．固定搭配中的介词： (1)②处表示“_____________”。 (2)⑤处devote oneself to表示“_____________”。 (3)⑥处rid...of表示“_____________”。 (4)⑧处in cooperation with表示“_____________”。 (5)⑨处have advantages over表示“_____________”。 从…… 致力于…… 使……摆脱 与……合作 比……有优势 (6)⑩处increase by表示“_____________”，强调增加幅度。 (7)⑫处 (be) regarded as表示“__________”，在句中作定语。 (8)⑭处without any hesitation表示“_____________”。 (9)⑯处benefit from表示“_______________”。 (10)⑰处gain access to表示“_______”。 (11)⑱处in return表示“___________”。 增加了 被视为 毫不犹豫地 从……中受益 获得 作为回报 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、析成分 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English________? 2．(2021·全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city _________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). to/with in/during [微技能点拨] 如果句中不缺少主语、表语，动词后不缺少宾语，则在名词(如第2题)、代词、动名词前用介词。 二、看搭配 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ___hand rather than rolled. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ____an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. by as [微技能点拨] 介词的搭配包括与动词的固定搭配(如第2题)、与其他介词的搭配、与名词的固定搭配(如第1题)以及语法要求，如with/without的复合结构及被动语态等。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 高频介词的基本用法 1．for表示“(时间、距离)达到，计；因为，为了；就……而言；(表示去向)往，向”等 The meeting lasted for an hour.这次会议持续了一个小时。 2．by表示“在……旁边，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；被，由；按照，通过……方式；数量(程度)达到”等 The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。 3．with表示“带有，具有；随着；因为；就……来说；用，以，和，与；对于，关于”等 A young woman came in with a cup of coffee.一名年轻女子端着一杯咖啡走了进来。 4．of 表示“属于，关于”等；还常用在“It is/was＋adj.＋of...”句型中，表示描述对象的特征 This is a friend of mine.这是我的一位朋友。 It's typical of him to go to work early.他一向上班很早。 5．on表示“在……之上；在(某一天)；处在……情况中；关于(事或人)”等 on the table在桌子上　on Sept.1在9月1日 on sale (减价)出售 on foot步行 an article on art 一篇关于艺术的文章 6．in表示“在……内；(表示方向)以……方向；在(某段时间)之后；穿着；(表示状态或状况)处于……中；(表示使用的语言、材料等)用……，以……；在……方面”等 in all directions四面八方　in an hour 一小时后 in cash用现金 in a red coat穿着一件红色外套 in color在颜色方面 in ink用钢笔 7．against表示“反对，反抗，违背；倚，靠；逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗” An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为委员会的大多数成员都表示反对。 1．After school，she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ___engineering or architecture. 2．The mother continued to care for the young panda____ more than two years. in for 考点二 介词的分类 1．表示时间的介词 after在……之后 at在……时刻(时间点) before在……之前 between在……之间 by在……之前，不迟于 during在……期间 for 达到，计(表示一段时间) on在(某一天) since自……以来 until/till直到 in在(某段时间)之后；在(某月、某年等) from...to...从……到…… shortly after不久之后 2．表示空间关系和方位的介词 3．表示方式、方法、手段的介词 (1)with多指用有形的工具、身体的某部位或器官； (2)by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具； (3)in指使用某种语言、材料等； (4)on表示使用特指的交通工具，或依靠某种方式或方法等。 4．表示原因的介词或短语 as a result of 由于…… because of 因为，由于 for 因为，由于 due to 由于 on account of 由于 owing to 因为，由于 thanks to 幸亏，多亏 with 由于   3．(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___，through agriculture. 4．Jack developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer ____ the age of 18. in at 考点三 介词的搭配 (一)介词与动词的搭配 thank sb.for sth.为某事感谢某人 rely on 依靠 call for 需要 separate...from...把……与……分开 apply for 申请 care about 关心；介意 pay for 为……付款 contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成；捐献 provide sb.with sth.提供某人某物 (二)介词与名词的搭配 1．“at＋n.”表示状态 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平状态 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 2．其他以at开头的短语 at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the cost of 以……为代价 at the risk of 冒……的危险 at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……摆布 3．“on＋n.”表示状态 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售；打折 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 4．其他以on开头的介词短语 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on no account/condition 决不 5．“by＋n.”表示方式 by air/plane 乘飞机 by hand 用手工 6．“in＋n.”表示方式 in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in English 用英语 7．其他以in开头的短语 in place of 代替 in addition to 另外 in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假使 in support of 为支持…… in honour of 为纪念；为庆祝 in memory of 为了纪念…… 8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit 有益处的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的 of value 有价值的 9．“out of＋n.”表示状态 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of date 过期，过时 out of sight 看不见 out of work 失业 10．“under＋n.”表示被动 under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中 under repair正在修理 11．“with＋n.”表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 乐意地 12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……” beyond comparison 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到 beyond description 难以描述 beyond expression/words 难以表达 beyond recognition难以辨认 5．Education is taking centre stage ____ the government's plans. 6．If you could exchange lives ______someone for a short time，would you like to do that? 7．When the old man came back，the smell of the whisky reminded him____ the accident. in with of 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国神农架自然保护区。神农架在中国家喻户晓，因为它是传说中的“野人”的故乡，本文告诉我们那里的风景也很美。 Shennongjia is a household name in China because it's the home of the legendary “wild man”. Its folk tale spans the generations. Between 1976 and 1981, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large-scale 1. (science) investigations. They have collected hair, footprints and waste suspected of belonging 2. a “wild man”， but some experts argue that most were the result of bears, monkeys or even human beings. They failed 3. (uncover) the myth of “wild man”， but discovered the area's rich biodiversity. Although several hundred people have claimed 4. (they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia, there is no tangible evidence to confirm the 5. (exist) of a “wild man”． 1．考查词性转换。分析句子可知，该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词investigations，所给词science为名词，其形容词形式为scientific。 答案：scientific 2．考查介词。belong to“属于”。 答案：to 3．考查固定搭配。固定短语fail to do表示“没能做成某事”，符合语境，所给动词uncover应使用动词不定式形式作fail的宾语。 答案：to uncover 4．考查代词。该句中使用了短语claim...as，该空应该是claim的宾语，并且指代主语several hundred people，宾语与主语相同时，宾语应使用反身代词；所给人称代词主格为they，其反身代词为themselves。 答案：themselves 5．考查词性转换。分析句子可知，该空应填名词作confirm的宾语，所给词exist为动词，其名词形式为existence。 答案：existence Nowadays, Shennongjia's attraction is not merely about “wild man”. Its appeal 6. (be) more about its lively ecology, rich biodiversity and karst landforms (喀斯特地貌). Shennongjia's beauty varies over the year as nature 7. (take) its course. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn 8. go skiing in winter. 6．考查动词的时态及主谓一致。该空所给动词be在句中作谓语，描述的是一般性事实，应使用一般现在时；主语appeal为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。 答案：is 7．考查动词的时态及主谓一致。所给动词take在as引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，叙述大自然的变化应使用一般现在时；主语nature为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。 答案：takes 8．考查连词。该句列举了在神农架的游客可以做的4件事情，四个动词(短语)enjoy, be shaded from, appreciate和go skiing 为并列关系，应填and。 答案：and The “wild man” legend has been passed on for generations by word-of-mouth. In 2016, the legend of “wild man” in Shennongjia 9. (add) to Hubei province's intangible cultural heritage list. Today, tourists can visit Wild Man Cave, 10. eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures, and see “wild man” sculptures. 9．考查动词的时态和语态。该空所给动词add在句中作谓语，主语legend与add为被动关系，应使用被动语态；时间状语为in 2016，应使用一般过去时。 答案：was added 10．考查定语从句。该空需要用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wild Man Cave，关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语。 答案：where Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中介词(短语)的使用。 Dear Peter， 1．_________________________________________ (我十分高兴收到你的来信).2.________________________________________ _____________________(你在上封信中问我关于我们学校的体育活动) and the following information may give you a rough sketch. I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school 3．______________ (首先)，a fabulous new stadium has been built up，which has become the new landmark in our school.Moreover，4._________________________ (由于体育场的建立)，a wide range of sports events are able to be held，of which ping-pong，football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.5._______________ (至于我)，I'm intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life. To begin with with the stadium set up As for me 6．___________ (总之)，I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. Yours， Li Hua All in all $$