第二讲 冠词-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第二讲　冠词 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑冠词的具体用法。 Tom，a① classmate of mine，is a② Lei Feng in our class，who is always ready to help others.Henry，whose father is a③ teacher，is considered to be the④ most diligent student in our class，who is the⑤ first one to get to school and the⑥ last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study，the⑦ more knowledge you'll get.Tom likes watching TV，while Henry enjoys listening to the⑧ radio.Both of them are working for the⑨ Students' Union.They are of an⑩ age and I am a⑪ year older than them. We are good friends because we have a⑫ lot in common.First of all，the three of us were born in the⑬ 1990s.Secondly，we all like playing the⑭ violin and love sports.We play football twice a⑮ week，even though we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly，we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the⑯ disabled.For example，we often go to a village near our school to look after the⑰ Browns，both of whom were lame because of an accident.I remember that on a⑱ Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didn't go back home until the⑲ sun set. [用法体悟] 1．使用不定冠词的情况： (1)泛指“一个”，如_____； (2)表示“一个像……一样的人”，如____； (3)职业名词前，表示类别，如____； (4)表示数量“一”，如____；表示“每一”，如____；表示“某一”如____； (5)用于固定搭配中，如________。 ① ② ③ ⑪ ⑮ ⑱ ⑩⑫ 2．使用定冠词的情况： (1)用于形容词最高级前，如____； (2)用于序数词或表示序列的next，last前，如_______； (3)用于固定句式“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”，如____； (4)用于固定搭配中，如____； (5)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词中，如____； ④ ⑤⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ (6)用于逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”，如____； (7)用于乐器名词前，表示演奏某乐器，如____； (8)用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人，如____； (9)用于姓氏复数名词前，表示夫妇或一家人，如____； (10)用于独一无二的事物前，如____。 ⑬ ⑭ ⑯ ⑰ ⑲ 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、特指或泛指 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though _____language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 2．(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate _____festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 3．(2022·全国甲卷)____ friend of his，Wu Fan，volunteered to be his companion during the trip. the the A [微技能点拨] 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时，很可能填冠词；空格后的名词意为“一个/本/种”，一般填不定冠词(如第3题)；如果意为“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the(如第2题)；如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词(如第1题)或从句修饰时，常填the。 二、固定搭配 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ___touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times _____size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. a the [微技能点拨] 牢记固定句式及固定搭配：如第1题考查了a touch of“少许，微量”；第2题考查了“倍数＋the ＋size ＋ of...”。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 不定冠词a，an的用法 (一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”) 泛指“一”(＝one) I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work. “每一”(＝per) Prices start at $13.95 a meter for printed cotton. “同一”(＝the same) They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color. “一类”(＝复数名词) A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. “任一”(＝any) What he needs is a book. “某一”(＝a certain) I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon. “一个/场/次/件” (抽象名词) I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success. “一种/份/阵/……” (物质名词) What a heavy rain! A coffee is enough. 1.用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指 My friend John is a handsome young man，a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与之共事的年轻人。 2．用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一” He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次机会。 3．用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更……的” If we sit in the front of the bus，we'll have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前面，视野会更好些。 4．“a most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very；而“the＋most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……” This is a most interesting cartoon film.这是一部非常有趣的卡通电影。 This is the most interesting cartoon film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的卡通电影。 (二)不定冠词的固定搭配 as a result 因此，结果 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a short while 不久 keep an eye on 照看，留意 put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车 1．He not only studies well in our class，but also has _____excellent sense of humour. 2．When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was___ joke. an a 考点二 定冠词the的用法 (一)定冠词的基本用法 1．特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物 I went to a university in New Zealand.The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我就读于新西兰的一所大学，这所大学建于20世纪初。 2．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.杨利伟是中国第一个进入太空的人。 3．用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代 As is well known to us all，the Second World War broke out in the 1930s.众所周知，第二次世界大战爆发于20世纪30年代。 4．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇曾住在我们楼上的公寓里。 5．用于世界上独一无二的事物前 No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence，as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久以前。 6．用在“by＋the＋单位计量词”中 I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租了车。 7．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位” The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 (二)定冠词的固定搭配 in the end 最后 by the way 顺便说一下 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说 for the time being 暂时 on the spot 在现场 at the moment 此刻，目前 to the point 中肯，切题 in the middle of 在……中间 3．Li Lei was watching TV while his father was preparing dinner in the kitchen on_____ evening of January 9th. 4．(2020·浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with_____ rise of science，changes began. the the 考点三 零冠词的用法 (一)零冠词的基本用法 1．表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前 Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you'll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。 2．表示月、季节、星期、节假日、大洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类等名词前 A year can be divided into four seasons—spring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。 3．与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工具的名词前 Are you going there by plane or by ship？你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ 4．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时 Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。” 5．as/though引导让步状语从句，单数名词提前至句首时，其前不加冠词 Child as he is，he knows a lot about Chinese history.虽然是个孩子，但是他对中国历史了解很多。 (二)零冠词的固定搭配 at dawn 在黎明　　　　 at war 交战 by weight 按重量计算 catch fire 着火 come into power 当权 come to light 为人所知 hand in hand 手拉手 make room for 让出地方给…… out of date 过时的 out of order 有毛病，出故障 考点四 有无定冠词，意义各不同 名词前无冠词的搭配 名词前有冠词的搭配 sit at table坐在桌旁吃饭 sit at the table坐在桌旁(不一定在吃饭) at school在上学 at the school在学校(不一定是上学) by sea乘船；由海路 by the sea在海边 in front of在……(外部的)前面 in the front of在……(内部的)前面 名词前无冠词的搭配 名词前有冠词的搭配 out of question没问题 out of the question不可能 in possession of拥有 in the possession of为……所拥有 by day在白天 by the day按天计算 in charge of掌管 in the charge of在……的掌管下 take place发生 take the place of代替 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了围绕碳捕捉和储存技术(CCS)存在的争议。科学家认为，CCS计划对于抗击全球变暖和实现排放目标是必要的。绿色组织声称CCS还没有达到预期的效果，并提倡使用可再生能源。科学家们对此提出批评，因为他们认为CCS技术已经成熟。政府希望CCS能更便宜。 Debates have been going on about the subject of carbon capture. Scientists, especially engineers and geologists, have strongly criticized green groups who claimed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes are costly mistakes. The scientists insisted that such schemes 1. vital weapons in the battle against global heating. They also warn that failure to set up ways to trap and store carbon would make it 2. (possible) to meet the emissions target by 2050. “CCS is going to be the only effective way in the short term 3. (prevent) our steel industry, cement manufacture and many other processes from continuing to pour emissions into the atmosphere，” said Professor Stuart Haszeldine, of Edinburgh University. “4. we are to have any hope of keeping global temperature increases down below 2 degrees Celsius, we 5. (desperate) need to develop ways to capture and store carbon dioxide.” 1．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语意可知，此处insisted意为“坚持认为”，所以其后的宾语从句用陈述语气，“such schemes 1. vital weapons in the battle against global heating”是一般事实，所以使用一般现在时。设空处充当从句中的系动词。因为从句主语schemes是复数，所以系动词也要用复数形式。故填are。 答案：are 2．考查形容词。“make it＋adj.＋to do sth.”中it是形式宾语，后面是形容词作宾语补足语，由语意可知，不能建立收集和储存碳的方法的后果是，不可能在2050年之前实现碳排放目标，所以需填意为“不可能的”的形容词impossible。故填impossible。 答案：impossible 3．考查非谓语动词。way后面可加不定式，表示“做……的方式”，结合语意，此处prevent需用不定式形式to prevent。故填to prevent。 答案：to prevent 4．考查状语从句。由语意可知，“希望将全球温度升高控制在2摄氏度以下”和“迫切需要开发收集和储存二氧化碳的方法”之间是假设关系，所以应用表示假设的连词if。空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填If。 答案：If 5．考查词性转换。空处修饰动词need，要用desperate的副词形式。故填desperately。 答案：desperately Green groups claimed CCS would not make “a meaningful contribution to 2050 climate targets”. They say CCS was not reliable to decarbonize the energy system and that CCS has 6. history of over-promising and under-delivering. Instead, they urged the construction of more renewable energy plants 7. (give) priority. 6．考查冠词。此处history是泛指，且该单词的发音以辅音音素开头，所以需填表示泛指的不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a 7．考查非谓语动词。动词give和谓语动词urged之间没有连词，urge sb./sth. to do sth.是固定短语，give需用不定式形式，充当宾语补足语，又因为give和plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以需用不定式的被动式。故填to be given。 答案：to be given But the claims 8. (dismiss) by engineers and geologists. “These claims are quite unfair，” said Michael Stephenson, director at the British Geological Survey. 8．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由语意可知，事情发生在过去，所以此处需用一般过去时。主语claims和动词dismiss之间是动宾关系，所以动词需用被动语态。claims是复数，所以谓语也要用复数形式。故填were dismissed。 答案：were dismissed A government spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said, “We are committed to meeting our climate change targets in a way 9. is affordable and provides secure energy to families and businesses. We are considering the role that CCS could play in decarbonization of the UK. But we also need to take government 10. (spend) into account. CCS had better come down in cost.” 9．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，is是从句的系动词，affordable是从句表语，关系词充当从句主语，先行词是way，所以可用which或that引导。故填which或that。 答案：which/that 10．考查名词。短语take...into account意为“考虑”，take后面可接名词或名词短语，所以spend需用名词形式spending，表示“支出”之意。故填spending。 答案：spending Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中冠词的使用。 We have 1.__________________________ (许多值得尊敬的人) around us.They may be our teachers，parents or one of our elders.As for me，2.__________________________________ (我父亲是我最尊敬的人). a lot of respectable people my father is the person I respect most My father is 3._____________________________________________ (一个十分爱学生和爱工作的老师).He works very hard every day，but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.When I come across the problems of learning in my study，my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to 4._____________________________ (勇敢地克服这些困难).He has achieved a lot in his work and is respected by his students.So，5._________ (在我心里) my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. a teacher who loves his students and his work very much overcome the difficulties bravely in my mind $$