第一讲 代词-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

专题三　不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词(短语) 第一讲　代词 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的意义和用法。 We① students should get on well with each other②.But in fact，something unpleasant can happen from time to time.For example，yesterday afternoon，it③ was fine.All④ of us went out to the playground.Some were playing games and others⑤ were playing football when two boys of us quarreled and then fought.Every one⑥ of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody⑦ could exactly tell what⑧ they fought for.Neither⑨ of them wanted to give in to the other⑩.I thought it⑪ wrong of them to do so.So I tried to tell them⑫ that we should put ourselves⑬ in others' shoes，but both⑭ of them were too angry to calm down.It⑮ was not until our headteacher came that they parted.In my opinion，it⑯ is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet.Only those⑰ who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life. [用法体悟] ①处和③处均是人称代词的_____，在句中作______；②处是_____ _____，在句中作介词with的______；④处是__________，在句中作_______；⑤处是固定句式，表示“一些人……另一些人……”。此处some和others是________，在句中作_____；⑥处是________，在句中作_____；⑦处是不定代词，表示“没有一个人”，相当于no one，在句中作_____；⑧处是_________，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作________；⑨处是不定代词，表示“两者都不”，在句中 主格 主语 相互 代词 宾语 不定代词 主语 不定代词 主语 不定代词 主语 主语 连接代词 宾语 作____；⑩处是不定代词，特指“(两者中的)另外一个”，在句中作介词to的____；⑪处作________，真正的宾语是后面的___________； ⑫处是人称代词的_____，在句中作_____；⑬处是__________，在句中作put的_____；⑭处是不定代词，表示“两者都”，在句中作_____；⑮处在此构成_____结构，it was not until...that...是对not until...句式的强调；⑯处作_________，真正的主语是后面的__________短语；⑰处是_________，表示“那些人”，相当于those people。 主语 宾语 形式宾语 动词不定式 宾格 宾语 反身代词 宾语 主语 强调 形式主语 动词不定式 指示代词 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、代词的格 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of_______ (they) contents. their 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in _______(I). 3．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine___________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. mine themselves [微技能点拨] 通过分析句子成分确定所填代词的具体形式 1．人称代词的主格作主语； 2．人称代词的宾格、名词性物主代词(如第2题)作宾语或表语； 3．如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词(如第1题)； 4．如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词(如第3题)。 二、it的用法 [高考真题练] 1．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 2．(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____can be to eat out. its it [微技能点拨] 通过分析句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it或it的所有格(如第1题)；如作形式主语(如第2题)或形式宾语，用it。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 人称 单复数 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves This phone is his.Where is mine？这是他的手机。我的在哪里？ 含有反身代词的习惯用语： by oneself 独自；独立地 for oneself 亲自 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 seat oneself 就座 behave oneself 举止规矩 come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 be not oneself 身体不舒服 1．Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to ______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”． 2．(2021·浙江卷)She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of ________(she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order. myself herself 考点二 it的用法 1．指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that；也可指代时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等；还可指代不清楚或没必要指出性别的说话对象 It's early spring，but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。 2．作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句 (1)it作形式主语的常用句型： ①It＋be＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do ②It is no good/no use/...doing sth. ③It's (well) worth doing sth. ④It＋be＋名词短语(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)/adj.＋that从句 ⑤It＋特殊动词(词组)(seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb./...)＋that从句 ⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 ⑦It＋takes＋(sb.) some time/some money to do sth. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.很明显，学生们应该为他们的将来做好准备。 (2)it作形式宾语的常用句型： ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do/从句 ②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy/...)/...＋doing... ③主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋natural/essential/...＋that...(should)... The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。 [特别提醒]　like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，不能直接跟从句，应先加it，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。 I hate it that you can swim so well and I can't.你游泳这么好而我不能，我感到不舒服。 3．含it的常考短语或句型 3．When they grow older than three years old，____ is easier for girls to catch colds than boys. 4．I have made_____ clear that I will not accept this job. it it 考点三 不定代词 1．both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法 指代 词义 都 任一 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday，but we can't do both.这是一种二选一的情况：我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。 2．none，no one/nobody，nothing的用法 — 指代 提问 特/泛指 none 指人或物 how many/much 特指 no one/nobody 指人 who 泛指 nothing 指物 what 泛指 —How much money do you have? —None. “你有多少钱？” “一点也没有。” 3．one，another，the other，some，others，the others的用法 I have two books—one is English，and the other is French.我有两本书，一本是英语的，另一本是法语的。 Some are Chinese; others are Americans.一些是中国人；另外一些是美国人。 — 一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些 单数 one another the other 复数 some others the others 4．many，much，few，little，a few，a little的用法 — 不同点 相同点 many/much many修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词 两者都表示“许多” few/little (少) few修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词 表示“几乎没有” a few/a little a few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词 表示“一些” He can speak a little French，but he knows little English.他会说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。 5．复合不定代词 Somebody seemed to have called on me in my absence.我不在时，好像有人来找过我。 some-类 someone，somebody，something any-类 anyone，anybody，anything every-类 everyone，everybody，everything no-类 no one，none，nobody，nothing 5．我愿意帮助他人，所以我想在业余时间当一名志愿者。 _________________________，so I would like to be a volunteer in my spare time. 6．我写信告诉你最近我在生活和学习上的一些事。 ____________________________________my life and study in recent days. I am willing to help others I'm writing to tell you something about 考点四 全部否定与部分否定 1．no one，nobody，none，neither，not...any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定。 2．all，both，everyone，everybody，everything以及“every＋名词”与not连用时，表示部分否定。 3．not与总括性副词，如everywhere，always，wholly，altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。 While I agree with most of what you said，I don't agree with everything.尽管我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并不完全赞同。 7．Mary is always full of ideas，but _________is useful to my knowledge. none 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二十四节气中的第三个节气：惊蛰。 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) usually 1. (fall) on March 6 and ends on March 20. 1．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句中缺少谓语动词，结合主语Awakening of Insects 可知，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；由于全文是用一般现在时进行的客观介绍，故此处也用一般现在时。 答案：falls Awakening of Insects signals a rise in temperature and an increased rainfall.As the 2. (three) solar term in the lunar year，3. (it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened 4. spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.It is the key time for spring agricultural 5. (activity).It is also a good time for people to enjoy fun outdoors，especially for people living in the city.6. (drive) to the suburbs，fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing birds will make for a perfect weekend in spring.The most popular fruit in this season is pear. 2．考查序数词。根据句意及句中的定冠词the可知，这里表示“第三个节气”，故用序数词third。 答案：third 3．考查代词。name为名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰。 答案：its 4．考查介词。be awakened by表示“被……所惊醒”，为固定搭配。 答案：by 5．考查名词的单复数。此处activity用作可数名词，故用其复数形式。 答案：activities 6．考查非谓语动词。根据下文中的fishing，enjoying并结合句子结构可知，这里是or连接的三个动名词短语作主语；位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故用Driving。 答案：Driving Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects 7. (be) a widely-practiced custom in China.As the weather gets 8. (warm) and the air becomes drier，people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry，9. can cause colds or coughs.Pears are sweet，juicy and cool，moistening (湿润) the lungs to arrest a cough.10. ，pears are highly recommended during the Awakening of Insects. 7．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语为动名词短语eating pears，谓语动词需使用第三人称单数形式；结合本文的时态可知，应该用is。 答案：is 8．考查形容词比较级。根据后面的the air becomes drier和句中的连词and可知，这里应该用比较级形式。 答案：warmer 9．考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。 答案：which 10．考查副词。结合句意可知，上下句之间构成因果关系；根据逗号可知，这里要用副词。 答案：Therefore/Thus Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中代词的使用。 Dear Caroline， On behalf of the English program “Talk and Talk”，1.___________ _______________________(我写信是为了邀请您做我们的嘉宾).Since its launch，“Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast program，has gained increasing popularity among students.2.______________ (这个节目被设定为) cover topics ranging from music，sports to study I'm writing to invite you to be our guest It is intended to strategies，life in school，etc.This week we'd like to invite you to join the program and 3.____________________ (与我们分享一些东西) on how to improve oral English.The program is scheduled for 5 p.m. this Friday.It would be highly appreciated 4._________________________ (如果您能接受我们的邀请). share with us something if you could accept our invitation 5．__________________________________ (希望尽早收到您的回复). Yours sincerely， Li Hua Looking forward to your early reply $$