内容正文:
第三讲 词性/形转换
专项提能 语法突破
阅读下列短文,体会、领悟加黑部分的意义和用法。
The production① of coffee beans is a huge, profitable② business, but, unfortunately③, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence④ of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world's ecological⑤ balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area's birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers⑥ destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
[用法体悟]
①⑥处分别为动词_________,_______变名词作____语;②⑤处分别为名词________,__________变形容词作____语;③处为形容词___________变副词作___语;④处为动词______变名词作____语。
product
grow
主
profit
ecology
定
unfortunate
状
exist
宾
内容索引
NEIRONGSUOYIN
真题试做 技能点拨
核心知识 考点突破
核心考点 针对训练
真题试做 技能点拨
一、形容词
[高考真题练]
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP 's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas,and ____________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)...China has a _______________(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
eventually
responsibility
[微技能点拨]
提示词为形容词时,考虑的方向有:1.变副词作状语,修饰动词(如第1题)、形容词、其他副词或句子;2.变成形容词的比较级或最高级;3.变成名词作宾语(如第2题)或主语。
二、名词
[高考真题练]
1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ______________
(confidence) speaking English.
2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I'm a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
confident
scientist
[微技能点拨]
提示词为名词时,考虑的方向有:1.变成形容词作表语(如第1题)、定语、补足语;2.变成名词的复数形式;3.变成其他形式的名词(如第2题)。
三、数词
[高考真题练]
(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)In the___________ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
seventh
[微技能点拨]
提示词为数词时,考虑的方向有:1.序数词(如例题),考查顺序;2.整十的复数形式,如in his twenties “在他20多岁时”。
核心知识 考点突破
考点一 形容词变副词的变化形式
变化形式 例词
直接加-ly slow→slowly缓慢地
变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地
去e再加-ly true→truly真诚地;正确地
考点二 形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency 效率;功效
fluent→fluency 流利;流畅
accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私;私密
后缀 例词
-dom free→freedom自由;自主
wise→wisdom 明智;智慧
-ce different→difference 差异
silent→silence 沉默
-ness weak→weakness 虚弱;弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈;好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
dark→darkness 黑暗
后缀 例词
-th strong→strength 力气;强项
warm→warmth 温暖;热情
true→truth 真相;真理
wide→width 宽度
-y
-ty
-ity difficult→difficulty 困难
cruel→cruelty 残酷;残暴
safe→safety 安全
disable→disability 缺陷;障碍
responsible→responsibility 责任
考点三 动词、名词变形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
后缀 例词
-al benefit→beneficial 有益的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的;私人的
center→central 中央的;中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
form→formal 正式的
nation→national 全国的
后缀 例词
-ing surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
worry→worrying 令人担心的
bore→boring 令人厌烦的
-some tire→tiresome 令人厌烦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
后缀 例词
-ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
care→careful 细心的
use→useful 有用的
success→successful 成功的
help→helpful 有帮助的
后缀 例词
-(e)d scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的
worry→worried 担心的
bore→bored 感到厌倦的
excite→excited 激动的;兴奋的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
balance→balanced 均衡的
后缀 例词
-ible access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
-ive act→active 积极的;活跃的
effect→effective 有效的;生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
expense→expensive 昂贵的
后缀 例词
-ous continue→continuous 不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
后缀 例词
-y taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的;脏的
rain→rainy 有雨的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
cloud→cloudy 阴天的
后缀 例词
-ern east→eastern 东方的;向东的
west→western 西方的;向西的
-ish child→childish 孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
后缀 例词
-ic energy→energetic 精力充沛的
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
-ary imagine→imaginary 想象中的
考点四 动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ion/-sion/
-ation correct→correction 改正
attract→attraction 吸引
conclude→conclusion 结论;结束
decide→decision 决定
admit→admission 接纳;准许入学
invite→invitation 邀请
explain→explanation 解释
expect→expectation 期望
后缀 例词
-er/-or teach→teacher 老师
announce→announcer 播音员
conduct→conductor 指挥;售票员
-ment punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩;成就
argue→argument 辩论;论据
equip→equipment 装备;设备
后缀 例词
-ance/
-ence appear→appearance 出现;外貌
perform→performance 表演
exist→existence 存在;生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
-ing hear→hearing 听力;听觉
begin→beginning 开始
后缀 例词
-ure/-ture fail→failure 失败
press→pressure 压力
mix→mixture 混合;混合物
depart→departure 离开;出发
-y recover→recovery 恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
其他 choose→choice 选择
vary→variety 多样化;种类
tend→tendency 趋向;趋势
考点五 变动词的前缀与后缀
前/后缀 例词
前缀 en- able→enable 使能够
large→enlarge 扩大
rich→enrich 充实;使丰富
danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage 鼓励
前/后缀 例词
后缀 -en broad→broaden 变宽
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)变得锋利
wide→widen 加宽
short→shorten (使)变短
deep→deepen 加深
dark→darken (使)变暗
hard→harden (使)变硬
前/后缀 例词
后缀 -ify class→classify 把……分类
just→justify 证明……正确
simple→simplify 简化
beauty→beautify 美化
-ize apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 强调
memory→memorize 记住
real→realize 认识到;实现
考点六 表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀
前/后缀 例词
前缀 dis- agree→disagree 不同意
advantage→disadvantage 缺点
appear→disappear 消失
comfort→discomfort 使不舒适
honest→dishonest 不诚实的
approve→disapprove不赞成,不批准
前/后缀 例词
前缀 il- legal→illegal 不合法的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
im- polite→impolite 无礼的
patient→impatient 不耐烦的
moral→immoral 不道德的
前/后缀 例词
前缀 in- formal→informal 非正式的
convenient→inconvenient 不方便的
direct→indirect 间接的
ir- regular→irregular 不规则的
responsible→irresponsible 不负责任的
前/后缀 例词
前缀 mis- understand→misunderstand 误解
lead→mislead 误导
un- usual→unusual 不寻常的
willing→unwilling 不愿意的
happy→unhappy 不高兴的
known→unknown 不出名的
前/后缀 例词
后缀 -less hope→hopeless 绝望的
end→endless 没完没了的
care→careless 粗心的
help→helpless 无助的
use→useless 无用的
核心考点 针对训练
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是越来越多的中国度假者倾向于将休闲的时间花在不太知名的度假胜地上,这种反向旅游成为中国年轻度假者选择的一种新趋势。
Going against the tide of flocking to well-known yet generally jam-packed tourist destinations on vacation, a 1. (grow) number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts to seek unique, relaxing holiday experiences.
1.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词growing“增加的,增长的”作定语,修饰number。故填growing。
答案:growing
In recent years reverse tourism 2. (emerge) as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China. During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct. 7, large numbers of vacationers, especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life, 3. (avoid) popular holiday destinations in order to get off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet. According to data from an online travel agency, the number of rooms 4. (book) at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year-on-year. Besides
crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations, 5. often involves expensive tickets, meals and hotel stays. In addition, lesser-known attractions are not 6. “commercial” and “standardized” as developed ones and are able to offer more authentic experiences and natural encounters, according to social media posts. And 7. (like) popular destinations, some underexplored places with little online 8. (expose) can offer more surprises.
2.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据时间状语in recent years可知,此处应使用现在完成时态,谓语动词emerge与主语reverse tourism之间为主动关系,且主语是单数,谓语用单数形式。故填has emerged。
答案:has emerged
3.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,句子主语为vacationers,根据上文中的“During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct. 7”可知,此处应为一般过去时态,且该处与主语之间为主动关系。故填avoided。
答案:avoided
4.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词rooms,book与rooms之间为被动关系,结合句意可知,此处表示的动作已经发生,所以使用过去分词形式。故填booked。
答案:booked
5.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是the cost of trips,指物,用关系代词which。故填which。
答案:which
6.考查固定结构。分析句子结构可知,此处考查的是“...as+形容词/副词原级+as...”结构,意为“和……一样……”,其中第一个as用于否定句时也可以使用so。故填as或so。
答案:as/so
7.考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处应为介词,结合句意可知,此处表示“与……不同”,故填unlike。
答案:unlike
8.考查词性转换。空前为形容词,所以此处应填名词,expose的名词形式为exposure,意为“曝光,接触”,且为不可数名词。故填exposure。
答案:exposure
Jiang Han, 9. senior researcher, said that reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market 10. is an opportunity for growth comparable to the camping economy.
9.考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,此空所在的短语为同位语,对前面的名词Jiang Han进行解释说明,空后researcher为可数名词单数,且为泛指,被解释对象Jiang Han为一个高级研究员,所以填不定冠词,空后形容词senior的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
答案:a
10.考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空前与空后内容之间为并列关系。故填and。
答案:and
Ⅱ.写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中词性转换的使用。
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