第二讲 形容词和副词-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第二讲　形容词和副词 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下列句子，体会、领悟加黑部分的用法。 ①Abraham Lincoln was a self-made man. ②He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair. ③Martin found the work slightly dull. ④I have something important to tell you. ⑤He said quite positively that he would come. ⑥It's simply wonderful to see you! ⑦I heard pretty clearly then. ⑧Your coat is just behind the door. ⑨Frankly，I am not satisfied with your work. [用法体悟] ①②③④中的黑体形容词在句子中分别充当____________、____、______________、_____________；⑤⑥⑦⑧中的黑体副词分别修饰_______、________、_________、___________；⑨中的黑体副词用来修饰_______。 前置定语 表语 宾语补足语 后置定语 动词 形容词 副词 介词短语 句子 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、形容词及副词 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is __________(rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time. 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)It offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _________(ache) legs. rarely aching [微技能点拨] 形容词常作定语(如第2题)、补足语修饰名词或代词，作表语时表明主语的特征。副词常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子。副词nearly，exactly，approximately，roughly修饰数量表示程度(如第1题)。 二、比较级及倍数 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ______(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 2．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the __________(large) tea-producing country... 3．(2020·江苏卷)Quality counts _____(little) than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can free others of risk and embarrassment. simpler largest less [微技能点拨] 1．见到than时，首先考虑比较级(如第3题)； 2．平行结构中，如果其一是比较级，另一并列成分应用比较级(如第1题)； 3．注意固定结构中的比较级和倍数表达法； 4．根据句意(如第2题)及the most判定最高级。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 (一)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语 1．以“a-”开头的形容词常作表语，如：afraid，alone，alive，ashamed，awake等；常作表语的形容词还有content，worth，ill，sure等。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。 2．形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等，表示主语的状态和特征，逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。 Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩跑回了家，非常高兴和满足。 (二)副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子 He is old enough to go to school.他年龄足够大了，可以上学了。 [特别提醒]　常作评注性状语，置于句首修饰整个句子的副词有fortunately，luckily，surprisingly，honestly，personally，actually，thankfully等。 1．The old people there were talkative and they told us their ___________(person) stories cheerfully. 2．Some students are so worried about the exam that they can't fall _________(sleep) at night. personal asleep 考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 (一)形容词和副词的原级 基本结构： (1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某一方面相等时，可以用以下三种形式表示： ①as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as ②as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as ③as＋many/much＋复数名词/不可数名词＋as Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is). ＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is). 亨利是和彼得一样好的工人。 Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们的邻居有和我们一样大的房子。 (2)表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”结构。 Michael is not as/so tall as Wood.迈克尔没有伍德长得高。 (二)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1．比较级与最高级的构成 (1)规则变化： 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以-e结尾的，只加-r或-st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级   单音节 词和少 数双音节词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 其他双 音节词 和多音 节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful [特别提醒]　表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect，favorite等，没有最高级，也不与比较级连用；有些词本身含有比较的意义，其后用to而不用than，如superior to优/高于； inferior to次于； senior to年长于，地位高于； junior to地位低于等。 (2)不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.比较级的用法 (1)比较级的常见结构 ①“形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”；“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。 The breadth of education is more important than its length，and the length of life is less important than its depth.教育的长度不及广度重要，人生的长度不及深度重要。 ②表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……就越……”。 The more you learn，the more you wish to learn.你学得越多，你就越是想学。 ③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校正变得越来越漂亮。 ④表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。 You are no taller than I．你和我一样矮。 ⑤“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”，表示“两个中较……的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。 ⑥形式为比较级结构的习惯用语 短语及含义 例句 more than超过，不止；不仅仅；非常 Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。 She is more than selfish.她非常自私。 more...than...与其……不如…… She is more thoughtless than stupid. 与其说她笨，还不如说她粗心大意。 短语及含义 例句 not more than至多 I have not more than ten books in my bag.我的书包里的书不多于10本。 no more than只有 I have no more than ten books in my bag.我的书包里只有10本书。 less than少于 It had cost Tom less than five dollars. 汤姆花了不到5美元买了这件东西。 短语及含义 例句 no less than有……之多 No less than a thousand people came. 来的人不下一千个。 not less than不少于，至少 He is not less than 80 years old. 他至少80岁了。 (2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 ①“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 ②比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词； 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词； 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条河都长。 3．最高级的用法 (1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。 (4)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really以及序数词等。 It was by far the worst speech he had ever made.这是他迄今发表过的最差的演讲。 3．I have never met a _________(kind) teacher than Mrs.Smith before. 4．I have seldom seen my mother_______ pleased with my progress as she is now. kinder as/so 考点三 倍数表达法 常用的倍数表达法： Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我们的教室是他们的教室的三倍大。 5．This road is four times _______(wide) than it was three years ago. 6．The width of this road is four times _________it was three years ago. wider what 考点四 常见的易混词 beside在旁边(或附近) besides 此外，而且 late迟的，晚的 lately近来 later后来，以后 latest 最近的，最新的 ago以前(以现在为起点) before以前(以过去为起点) somewhere某处 everywhere到处 high 在高处；高 highly 高度地；很；非常 wide广阔地；充分地 widely广泛地；普遍地 deep深深地 deeply深刻地；深沉地 free免费 freely自由地；畅通地 close接近；紧挨着 closely仔细地；紧密地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 near在附近 nearly几乎，差不多 [特别提醒]　下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，friendly，ugly，silly，timely等。 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七夕节的渊源及其发展。 The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is Qixi, widely1.____ (regard) as China's Valentine's Day. But do you know the origin of the festival? Legend has it 2. the Weaver Girl met and fell in love with a cowherd. The Jade Emperor strongly objected 3. the couple's union and forcibly separated them by the Milky Way, leaving them 4. (tear) apart by the galaxy and only allowing them to meet once a year. 5. that, the distance could not stop their love for one another and they look forward to meeting once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. 1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，逗号前为主系表结构的句子，所以空处用非谓语动词；句子主语the seventh day of the seventh lunar month与regard为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词regarded。 答案：regarded 2．考查固定句型。legend has it that...是固定句型，意为“传说，相传”，故填that。 答案：that 3．考查介词。object to sb./sth.是固定短语，意为“反对某人或某物”，故填to。 答案：to 4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“leaving them 4. (tear) apart by the galaxy and only allowing them to meet once a year”在句中作状语，空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，tear与代词them为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词torn。 答案：torn 5．考查介词。根据句中“the distance could not stop their love”可知，逗号前为让步状语，表示“尽管如此”，that为代词，所以空处用介词， despite“尽管”为介词，位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Despite。 答案：Despite However, with the development of high-speed railways, the tragedy of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl could not happen in modern China. A ride between Beijing and Shanghai on the high-speed rail only takes four hours. The convenience and 6. (efficient) of modern travel have shortened the “galactic distance” between couples. On Qixi, more and more young people 7. (go) on dates and exchanging gifts to express their affection. Long queues are also often formed at the gate of the Civil Affairs Bureau 8. couples rush to register for marriage when love is in the air. This is because Qixi carries 9. (it) a symbolic meaning: choose your own love and remain 10. (faith) for life. 6．考查词性转换。and 为并列连词，根据空前的convenience可知，此处用名词efficiency 与其并列。 答案：efficiency 7．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，且讲述现在的情况。结合空后的and exchanging可知，本句的时态为现在进行时；主语young people为复数，所以此处用are going。 答案：are going 8．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Civil Affairs Bureau，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 答案：where 9．考查代词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，指“七夕”这天，宾语和主语为同一物时，宾语使用反身代词。故填itself。 答案：itself 10．考查词性转换。remain“保持”为连系动词，所以空处用形容词作表语，故填faithful。 答案：faithful Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。 Dear David， I've learned it on the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.1._____________ ___________________________(我很高兴你对中国有如此浓厚的兴趣) and I would like to be your friend. I'm glad that you show such great interest in China 2．___________________________________________________ ___________________________________(我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化).When you have an opportunity to come to China，I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and 3.__________________________ ________________________(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜). 4._________________________________________________ (无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你).How do you think? I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce the Chinese culture to you show you around some famous historical places of interest Anyway，I am going to help you as much as I can I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua $$