第二讲 非谓语动词-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第二讲　非谓语动词 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的意义和用法。 Good afternoon，everyone！It is a great honor for me to introduce this English speech contest①.As we all know，to master a foreign language② is very important.Taking part in an English speech contest③ is a helpful way to learn English④.Everyone wants to show their best⑤.When they have been preparing for it，they can improve their listening and speaking⑥ ability，developing a good habit⑦ of learning English⑧. In the process of the contest，you should pay attention to the rules made by us⑨.First，you should make your voice heard clearly by everyone⑩，so reading aloud⑪ is very necessary.Second，you should try your best to express yourself⑫ in English fluently.Finally，you should finish your speech in five minutes. I am sure the English speech contest will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑬ with your performance.Thank you！ [用法体悟] ①处为动词不定式短语作_____，句首的It是_____主语；②处是动词不定式短语作_____；③处是动名词短语作_____；④处是动词不定式短语作____，修饰前面的名词way；⑤处是动词不定式短语作____；⑥处是动名词短语作_____，修饰后面的名词ability；⑦处是现在分词短语作_________；⑧处是_______短语作介词of的_____；⑨处是过去分词短语作_________；⑩处是过去分词短语作______ _____；⑪处是动名词短语作____；⑫处是动词不定式短语作_____ ____；⑬处是分词形容词，在句中作____，意为“__________”。 主语 形式 主语 主语 定语 宾语 定语 (伴随)状语 动名词 宾语 (后置)定语 宾语补 足语 主语 (目的) 状语 表语 感到满意的 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、状语 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·全国乙卷)_____________________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. Having visited 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)_______________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3．(2022·全国乙卷) ________________ (strengthen) the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media... Covering To strengthen [微技能点拨] 判定与主语之间的关系 非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，表示完成，要用having done(如第1题)；非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，表示进行，要用doing(如第2题)；非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，表示完成，要用done；非谓语动词表示将来的动作，或表示目的要用to do(如第3题)。 二、定语 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the _____________(recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step ______________(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. recognized to journey [微技能点拨] 判定与被修饰词之间的关系 非谓语动词与被修饰词之间表示主动、进行，要用doing；非谓语动词与被修饰词之间表示被动、完成，要用done(如第1题)；由形容词最高级、序数词修饰的名词或代词后常用不定式作后置定语(如第2题)。 三、补语 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ____________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left ___________(want) more next time. to be lifted wanting [微技能点拨] 牢记能跟补足语的动词 1．精准记忆只能跟固定非谓语动词作补足语的动词。 2．明辨某些词后多种非谓语动词作补足语的区别，如with，have等。 四、其他 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)... 2．(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of _________(visit) the place. 3．(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ____________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. to bite visiting to walk [微技能点拨] 分析句法和精记用法 1．根据句法知识明确句子需要用哪种非谓语动词形式(如第3题)。 2．准确掌握哪些词可以接不定式作宾语(如第1题)，哪些词可以接动名词作宾语(如第2题)。 核心知识 考点突破 考点一 动词不定式 (一) 基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，时态和语态变化(以build为例)如下： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 to build to be built 进行时 to be building — 完成时 to have built to have been built (二)不定式的基本用法 1．作主语：不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。常用it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。此外，单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期更新数据是很重要的。 [特别提醒]　在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特征，如：kind，nice，foolish等，介词用of；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则介词用for。 It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 2．作表语：不定式作表语常表示将来的具体的动作或状态。 My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 3．作宾语 (1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，afford，happen，wait，threaten等。 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。 (2)动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 (3)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 4．作宾语补足语：常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want，advise，allow，appoint，cause，challenge，command，drive，enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，order，permit等。 He wants you to be his assistant.他希望你成为他的助理。 5．作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动形式表示被动含义。 I have an e-mail to send.我有一封邮件要发送。 6．作状语 (1)不定式作目的状语时，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do和to do，但so as to do不能置于句首。 To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，常用only to do (意料之外的结果)，enough to do (足够)，too...to...(太……而不能……)。 Tom arrived at the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆到达了机场，结果发现他需要乘坐的飞机起飞了。 (3)不定式作原因状语时，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，此类形容词有easy，difficult，hard，cheap，comfortable，impossible，dangerous，surprised，delighted，disappointed等。 She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。 1．They often seem____________ (dislike) being questioned. 2．There is no need _________(build) a dam across the small river. to dislike to build 考点二 动名词 (一)基本形式为v.-ing，时态和语态变化(以build为例)如下： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 building being built 完成时 having built having been built (二)动名词的基本用法 1．作主语：动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.解决问题的最好方法是直面你的问题，而不是回避它们。 [特别提醒]　考生要注意掌握it作形式主语，动名词是真正的主语的常见句型：It is/was no use/no good doing sth.。 It's no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 2．作宾语：动名词可以作及物动词、某些动词短语以及介词的宾语。 下列动词(短语)常接动名词作宾语：consider (考虑)，suggest (建议)/advise，look forward to，admit，delay，fancy (想象，设想)，avoid，miss，keep，practice，deny，finish，enjoy，appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape等。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯到他。 [特别提醒]　下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： 3．作表语：说明主语的内容，表示笼统、抽象的概念。 Her hobby is painting.她的爱好是绘画。 4．作定语：动名词作定语修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”。 a swimming pool 一个游泳池 a reading room 一间阅览室 3．Don't mention it any more! As you know，we have already been accustomed to __________ (live) in the school dormitory. 4．In the beginning，I wasn't used to____________ (talk) to strangers. living talking 考点三 分词(现在分词和过去分词) 1．作定语：现在分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，常表示正在进行的主动动作；过去分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，常表示已完成的被动动作。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019.回到水污染这个问题，我想让你看看2019年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。 2．作宾语补足语：能用分词作宾语补足语的动词有see，hear，watch，feel，make，keep，leave，find，have，get等。 Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在喊救命吗？ When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.我打开门的时候发现地上全是落叶。 [特别提醒]　have，get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语，但意义不同。 They had the fire burning all night.他们让火烧了一整夜。(现在分词表示主动、进行) I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.明天我要请人修一下我的自行车。(过去分词表示被动) 3．作状语：作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 形式 意义 doing 与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动词表示的动作(或状态)同时发生或几乎同时发生，表示主动、进行 having done 与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示主动、完成 形式 意义 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示完成；用作形容词的过去分词表示状态 being done 与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，表示被动、进行，意为“正在被……” having been done 与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，先于句中谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示被动、完成 分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可以与while，when，once，if，unless等连词连用。 When offered help，you should say “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间)得到帮助的时候，你应该说“谢谢你”或“你真是太好了”。 Having smoked too much，he has suffered from lung cancer.(原因)由于长期抽烟，他患了肺癌。 The fire lasted several weeks，causing great damage.(结果)大火持续了几个星期，造成了巨大的损失。 The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.(伴随)老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 Following Tom，we began to climb the mountain.(伴随)跟着汤姆，我们开始爬山。 [特别提醒]　非谓语动词可置于句首作评注性状语，常见的有generally/frankly speaking，judging from，taking...into consideration，to tell the truth，to be honest，to make things worse，compared with/by等。 Generally speaking，it's no use talking to a person when he's in a temper.一般来说，当一个人在气头上时，跟他谈话是没有用的。 5．During the Qin Dynasty，to keep the enemy out of his empire，Emperor Qinshihuang had all walls_________ (join) up. 6．_________ (dress) in black，he was playing with a smartphone while eating. joined Dressed 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大运河的发展历史和意义，以及人们为保护大运河做出的努力。 The power of Chinese emperors rose and fell with their control of the Grand Canal. Today, this waterway is shorter than it was once, 1. it is still the longest man-made river in the world. 2. (important), the Grand Canal continues to provide a vital cultural and economic link for modern China. 1．考查连词。分析句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系，用连词but连接前后两个分句。 答案：but 2．考查词性转换。空格处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。 答案：Importantly The original Canal system began around the year 605, 3. China's Emperor Yang realized that he needed a better way to move food and feed his army, so the emperor ordered the construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, 4. (connect) those existing canals, lakes and rivers. 3．考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the year 605，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 答案：when 4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，提示词与其逻辑主语the construction之间是主谓关系，所以空处应用现在分词表示主动，作伴随状语。 答案：connecting For more than a thousand years, goods 5. (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country's watery highway plays an important economic role in China. Boats continue to carry tons of coal, food and other goods 6. Hangzhou and Jining. However, local governments eager to increase 7. (tour) and city development have torn down almost all of the older canal-side buildings. In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made 8. UNESCO world heritage site, hoping this status would protect both the waterway and the architecture around it. With UNESCO status officially 9. (grant) in 2014, the world's greatest engineering accomplishments continue to link north and south China for 10. (century) to come. 5．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语for more than a thousand years可知，应用现在完成时；复数主语goods和transport是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。 答案：have been transported 6．考查介词。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。 答案：between 7．考查词性转换。根据and连接并列结构可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，tourism为不可数名词。 答案：tourism 8．考查冠词。site为可数名词，此处表示泛指，UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 答案：a 9．考查非谓语动词。考查with的复合结构，空格处应填非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语UNESCO status和grant之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。 答案：granted 10．考查名词的单复数。根据空格前的介词for可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，century表示“世纪”，为可数名词，上文没有冠词，故应用复数形式。 答案：centuries Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中动词的使用。 Dear Smith， How are you doing? I'm writing 1.__________________________ ___________________________________________(邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会)，which is a good chance 2.__________________________ (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students' interest in English learning.During the party you will have a feast of varieties of 3._____________________________________ (我 to invite you to our English party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium to display your English talent English activities well prepared by ourselves 们自己准备的英语活动)，including 4. _____________________(背诵英语诗歌) and singing famous English songs，which I think will surely give you a big surprise.Besides，I'd like to remind you that the party starts at 6：30 p．m. and ends at 8：00 p．m.，so please come on time if it is convenient for you.Looking forward to 5.___________________ _____________________________(与你分享晚会中的愉快时光)! Yours， Li Hua reciting English poems sharing with you the pleasant time in the party $$