第一讲 谓语动词-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

专题一　复杂多变的动词 第一讲　谓语动词 专项提能 语法突破 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的时态和语态。 I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students' Union.I am writing① to draw your attention to some improper behaviour on our campus：littering and scribbling.It has been making② our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel③ ashamed whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble.Last week，the Students' Union held④ a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems.We were having⑤ a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the school had made⑥ efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would be placed⑦ around.Recently，the Students' Union has set up⑧ specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time，all of us should develop good habits and behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will become⑨ a more enjoyable place in the near future. [用法体悟] ①处时态为_____________，表示现在正在进行的动作；②处时态为_______________，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续进行的动作；③处时态为____________，表示经常性或习惯性的动作；④处时态为____________，表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作；⑤处时态为____________，表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作；⑥处时态为____________，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；⑦处时态为____________， 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 一般现在时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用_______语态；⑧处时态为____________，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果；⑨处时态为_______________，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。 被动 现在完成时 一般将来时 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 真题试做 技能点拨 核心知识 考点突破 核心考点 针对训练 真题试做 技能点拨 一、时态 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he ______(go) around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years，Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro... went has walked 3．(2022·浙江1月卷)But Cobb and others_____ (be)now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely... 4．(2021·全国甲卷)We _______(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 5．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang'e- 4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—_________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. are hired touched [微技能点拨] 1．慧眼识别标志词 学生可根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案，如第2题中的时间状语in the last five years。 2．细心辨语境，瞻前顾后找并列 (1)仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。如第4题中的“ My bike was... ” 。 (2)瞻前顾后找并列：①可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态，如第1题中的并列连词and连接设空处和brought back；②同一个主语统领两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 3．固定句式要牢记，主从时态要呼应 (1)was/were doing sth.when sb.did... (2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb./sth. did... 二、语态 [高考真题练] 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years，I _____________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. was amazed 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) After a three-year pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP ___________(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity...”． is designed [微技能点拨] 把握逻辑关系，分析主动或被动 确定谓语动词的语态，首先要分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系，这是确定谓语动词语态的关键，之后再根据主谓一致的原则确定谓语动词的单复数。如第2题中的the GPNP与design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是专有名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 三、主谓一致 [高考真题练] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______(be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority... were [微技能点拨] 1．主谓一致三原则 语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近一致原则。 2．定语从句中的主谓一致依据先行词的单复数判断，如例题中先行词为a significant number of areas，表达的是复数概念。 核心知识 考点突破 一、动词的时态 考点一 一般时态 (一)一般现在时 1．表示习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等连用。 We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是照顾和帮助彼此。 2．表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。 3．在when，till/until，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句以及if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 We won't leave until you come.你来了我们再走。 4．表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的动作，但仅限于少数动词。如go，come，leave，arrive，begin，start，return，open，close等。 The flight takes off at 2：30 p．m.every Wednesday and Friday.这次航班每周三和每周五下午两点半起飞。 (二)一般过去时 1．表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，与现在没有关系。 I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.我忘了告诉你我和哥哥以前去过那儿。 2．表示过去的习惯性动作。 I never drank coffee.我过去从不喝咖啡。 3．常用在since从句中。 Since I was born I have lived in England.我从出生就一直住在英国。 1．Then，new methods __________(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. 2．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，__________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. meant formed 考点二 进行时态 (一)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词) 1．表示说话时正在进行且尚未完成的动作及状态，也可描述现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情(此时此刻动作不一定正在进行)，常与these days，this week/month等时间状语连用。 —I hear you are working in a pub.What's it like? —Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. “我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？” “哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。” 2．现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有go，come，leave，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等。 “The moment is coming soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously.“这一刻很快就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。 3．现在进行时与always，constantly，forever等词连用时可表示说话者的一种感情色彩，如赞许、责备、不满等。 The girl is always talking loud in public.这个女孩总是在公众场合大声说话。 (二)过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词) 1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室工作，这时停电了。 2．表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词有leave，start，arrive，go，come等。 Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next Saturday.琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。 (三)将来进行时(will/shall＋be＋现在分词) 表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。 I'll be doing some farm work tomorrow morning.明天早晨我将要干些农活。 3．Next Friday I will go to another concert.They ______________ (play) something by Mozart at that time. 4．In order to make my dream come true，I worked part-time to save money while I ____________(study) at college. will be playing was studying 考点三 完成时态 (一)现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词) 1．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的状语有lately，recently，in the last/past few days/years (在过去的几天/年里)，since then，up to now，so far (至今)等。也可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，注意，这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在造成的影响上。常用的状语有already，just (刚刚)，yet，before等。 In the past few years，many new railways have been laid down.在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。 2．用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他会回来的。 3．在“It/This is the first/second/third/...time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们一家人第一次去电影院看电影。 4．在“It/This is the best/worst/most interesting/...＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting book I've ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。 [特别提醒]　瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但其肯定句不可以接表示一段时间的状语；若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。 He has come to Beijing since last year.(×) He has lived in Beijing since last year.(√) 类似的转换：买buy→have；借borrow→keep；结婚get married→be married；离开leave→be away；回来come back→be back；生病fall ill→be ill；死亡die→be dead；关闭turn off→be off；动身leave for→be off to；睡觉go to bed→sleep；穿put on→have on/wear；参加join→be a member of；入睡go to sleep→be asleep。 (二)过去完成时(had＋过去分词) 1．表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。常与by，by the end of，by the time，before，since，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years.我在街上散步的时候，偶然遇见了多年未见的戴维。 2．某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有expect，hope，plan，suppose，think，intend，mean，want等。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．在“Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...”和“No sooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，when和than后面的从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 4．在“It/This was the first/second/...time＋that从句”中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the second time that he had won the election.那是他第二次在大选中获胜。 (三)现在完成进行时(have/has＋been＋现在分词) 1．表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。 I have been reading Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。 2．表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。 You've been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了5年了。 3．现在完成进行时常和all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语从句连用。 He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he graduated.自毕业以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 5．In recent years，some Inuit people in Nunavut ___________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 6．Since then—for all these years—we____________________ (allow) tomatoes to self-seed where they please. have reported have been allowing 考点四 将来时态 (一)一般将来时 1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示在现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。 —Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town? —No.I will go and visit him right now. “你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？” “不会吧。我马上去见他。” 2．“am/is/are going to＋动词原形” (1)表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。 Mr.Smith is going to quit his present job.史密斯先生打算辞掉他现在的工作。 (2)表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云，天要下雨了。 3．“am/is/are about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。 The English evening party is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。 4．“am/is/are to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.在10点之前你得交上论文。 (二)过去将来时(should/would＋动词原形) 1．过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点钟到这里。 2．三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构 ·was/were going to＋动词原形 ·was/were to＋动词原形 ·was/were about to＋动词原形 He told me he was to get married the next week.他告诉我他下周结婚。 7．The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue _________(tell) you the story. 8．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he _____________(be) a famous scientist whose theories ________________(change) the world. will tell would be would change 二、动词的语态 考点一 被动语态的构成 1．被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、单复数和时态的变化而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表： — 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般式 am/is/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done — — 完成式 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done — An interesting book was given to me by my friend on my birthday.我生日的时候朋友送了我一本有趣的书。 2．被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都有大量肥沃的土壤被冲走。 1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. 2．I ___________(invite) to the concert yesterday by the Greens.   had been trapped was invited 考点二 不能用于被动语态的几类动词 1．系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，smell，sound，prove，appear等)。 He proved to be an honest friend.事实证明，他是一个诚实的朋友。 2．表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，look等)。 This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很容易洗。 3．表示发生、归属的词或短语(happen，take place，break out，own，belong to等)。 I have every confidence that the victory belongs to us. 我完全相信胜利属于我们。 4．表示“希望、意图、喜好”等的动词(wish，want，hope，hate等)。 They hated each other.他们曾彼此怨恨。 3．Junk food _________(taste) delicious but it doesn't contain enough nutrition. 4．The story________ (take) place on a drowsy summer afternoon. tastes took 考点三 主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve等动词的后面，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式；在形容词worth后，也总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这个房子需要修缮。 2．在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难解决。 5．It's a pity that few students nowadays are keen on reading classics which I think are really worth ___________(read). reading 考点四 被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特征或状态。 The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那个男孩打碎了。(被动语态) The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构) [特别提醒]　be seated“坐着”；be lost“迷路”；be drunk“喝醉”；be dressed“穿着”；be married“结了婚的”等是用来表示状态的结构。 三、主谓一致 考点一 语法一致原则 1．the rest/part (of) 及分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所指代或修饰的名词或代词的单复数判断。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。 2．主语后跟with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引导的词或词组时，谓语动词的单复数要与前面的主语保持一致。 I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 1．Often，only a small part of a museum's collection ____(be) on display. 2．The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers ___________(give) a chance to go abroad last year. is was given 考点二 意义一致原则 1．表示时间、金额、距离、重量等的词作主语时，单独的非谓语动词作主语时，a kind/series of，the number of与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.二十年在人的一生中意味着很长的一段时期。 2．由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。 3．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their parents.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父母所从事的职业感到骄傲。 4．“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are living a happy life.老年人过着幸福的生活。 3．The cattle ______(be) eating grass on the hill now. 4．The poet and writer ______________(produce) many works so far. are has produced 考点三 就近一致原则 1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your colleagues is to attend the meeting tomorrow.你或者你的一名同事要出席明天的会议。 2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 5．______ (be) either you or he fit for the job? Are 四、助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气 (一)助动词 1．助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。需注意do/does/did后只能跟动词原形，并且不能用作实义动词。 2．助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意be虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。 3．助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式为“have/has/had done”和“have/has/had been doing”。 I am Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3.I am writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生。我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。 It is the third time that you have been late for work this week.这是你本周第三次上班迟到。 I ______________(not) visited my neighbor so far，so I'm not familiar with him. haven't (二)情态动词 考点一 常见的情态动词 1．can，could (1)can和could均可表示能力，只不过could表示过去的能力。 Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁时就会唱英文歌了。 (2)表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中，could可代替can，且比can语气更委婉，但答语要用can。 —Can/Could you help me? —Yes，I can. “你能帮我吗？” “可以。” (3)can表示具体事情发生的可能，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时，可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性要小，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。 2．may，might (1)表示许可，意为“可以”。 —Might/May I ask for a picture of your little daughter? —Yes，you may. “我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？” “是的，可以。” (2)表示可能性，might的可能性更小。 (3)“May＋主语＋动词原形”表示祝愿。 3．must (1)must可用来表示必要性，意为“必须”，常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时，其否定形式为must not或mustn't，意为“禁止，不许”。 They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.他们还帮助他懂得人们必须合作，并为实现共同目标而努力。 (2)must 还可表示“偏偏，非要”，多用于疑问句中。 Must you play the violin at midnight？It disturbs the neighbors！你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗？这太打扰邻居们了！ 4．shall，should (1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示；用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等；用于第三人称时，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 (2)should表示责任或义务，意为“应当，应该”；也可表示惊讶、难以置信等，意为“竟然”。 That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 5．will，would 两者均表示习惯性、经常性的行为，意为“总是”，还可表示请求或征求意见及意愿等。will 用于现在，would用于过去。 Will you join our discussion？你愿意参加我们的讨论吗？ 1．__________________ I have a word with you？It won't take long. Can/May/Shall 考点二 情态动词表推测 情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义 must 肯定句 一般时、进行 时、完成时　 一定， 肯定 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now. can/could 疑问句、 否定句 一般时、进行 时、完成时　 可能， 能够 It can't be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock. 情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义 may/ might 肯定句、否定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 也许，可能 Parents may scold their children when they are untidy. should/ought to 肯定句、否定句 一般时、完成时 确定或期待，“应该” He ought to/should be here—he started early enough. will/ 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 一般时、进行时、完成时 大概 would This will be the house you're looking for. 2．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest____________ become the richest. may/might 考点三 “情态动词＋have done”结构 1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done sth. “(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may/might have done sth. “(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句 can/could have done sth. “(过去)可能做了某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定 Looking at the large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.看着这个又大又空的公寓，我意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。 The boy might have known the truth，but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。 I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。 2．表示“与过去事实相反” could have done sth. 过去本能够做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done sth. 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth. 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done sth. 过去本可能做某事但实际上没做 I needn't have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.天气这么好，我本没有必要带雨伞的。 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。 3．I can't find my purse.I ______________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure. 4．George ___________________________(not go) too far.His coffee is still warm. might have left can't/couldn't have gone (三)虚拟语气 考点一 if引导的条件句中的虚拟结构 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 would/could/should/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 ①were to do ②should do ③过去式 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 If my brother were here，everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议，你的考试就能通过了。 If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。 [特别提醒]　在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had，were，should时，可以把if省略，把had，were，should提到句首，变为部分倒装句。 Had you (＝If you had) come earlier，you would have caught the early bus.如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。 1．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before，he ____________(be) able to speak it much better now. would be 考点二 其他形式的虚拟语气 1．与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词有关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 常见的这类动词的记忆口诀：一个坚持 (insist)，两个命令 (order，command)，三个建议 (suggest，advise，propose)，四个要求 (ask，require，demand，request)。 He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。 [特别提醒]　当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过钱。 2．“It is (high) time that...”句型使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式为“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。 It is high time that we started/should start off.我们该出发了。 3．wish后的宾语从句 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反的愿望 过去式(be的过去式形式用were) 与过去事实相反的愿望 had done 与将来事实相反的愿望 would/could/might＋动词原形 I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只鸟，能在天空中自由飞翔。 4．would rather后的宾语从句 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实或将来事实相反 过去式(be的过去式形式用were) 与过去事实相反 had done 5．if only引导的感叹句中，表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“could/would/might＋动词原形”，表示“要是……就好了”。 If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。 6．有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中(如but，without，but for，but that，otherwise，or等)，或隐含在上下文中，这叫作含蓄虚拟语气。 She would have come to see you，but she was so busy that day. ＝If she had not been so busy that day，she would have come to see you. 她本来会来看你的，可是那天她实在太忙了。 But for your advice，I would have failed. ＝If you hadn't given me your advice，I would have failed. 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。 2．Don't go to the cinema this afternoon，and you should finish your work first.I'd rather you _______(go) tomorrow. 3．If only I ________(be) successful like you. went were 核心考点 针对训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了圆周率日的来历、圆周率的概念以及发展。 March 14 is right around the corner, and math learners know 1. that means. It's Pi Day, a holiday honoring one of math's most famous constants (常量)：pi. 1．考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，know后接宾语从句，空处在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，所以空处填what。 答案：what The number pi, or π， is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle divided by the 2. (circle) diameter (直径). That is about 3.14159.This is true for circles of all sizes, from 3. (penny) to pizzas to planets. Pi's value is often rounded to 3.14. That's why Pi Day 4. (mark) on March 14. It's also why one Earth-sized planet orbiting another star every 3.14 days is nicknamed “Pi Earth”． 2．考查名词所有格。空处和diameter之间为所属关系，表示圆的直径，故空处应用名词所有格，所以填circle's。 答案：circle's 3．考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与空后的pizzas和planets并列，应用名词复数，所以空处填pennies。 答案：pennies 4．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，mark在表语从句中作谓语。本句陈述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时。主语Pi Day与mark之间是被动关系且主语为第三人称单数，所以空处填is marked。mark在此作动词，意为“纪念”。 答案：is marked But the exact value of pi is 5. (actual) impossible to write out. Last year, a 6. (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one 23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68，000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will ever get to 7. end of pi. 5．考查词性转换。空处修饰空后的形容词impossible，应用副词，所以空处填actually。 答案：actually 6．考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的名词computer可知，应用形容词，所以空处填powerful。 答案：powerful 7．考查冠词。空处应用定冠词the，特指圆周率这个数字的终点，所以空处填the。 答案：the Historians aren't sure when people first 8. (discover) the concept of pi. But it's been known in some form 9. almost 4，000 years. Ancient Greeks and Babylonians knew estimates of it. The Egyptians may have used pi 10. (build) the pyramids. And still today, pi is used in just about all math involving circles. 8．考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，discover在宾语从句中作谓语且与从句主语people之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。结合first和语境可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，所以空处填discovered。 答案：discovered 9．考查介词。结合本句的时态现在完成时可知，此处时间状语表示持续的时间，应用介词for，所以空处填for。 答案：for 10．考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达 use sth.to do sth.，意为“用……做……”，所以空处填to build。 答案：to build Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中动词的使用。 Hello，everyone! I would like to share with you my first travel abroad.1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ (去年暑假，我和几个同学一起参加了一所美国学校的交流项目).During our visit，we stayed in host families，which gave us an opportunity to learn about American society.The main part of our program was to experience Last summer vacation，I，together with several classmates， took part in an exchange program with an American school the school life.2._____________________________________________ _________________________(与中国学生相比，他们的作业更少，考试也更少).3.____________________________________________ ______________(但我们也有很多共同点，比如对篮球的狂热).When the visit was over，I had made friends with some American students，who became very interested in Chinese culture.4.__________________ __________________________________(美国学生也从中获益匪浅). Compared with Chinese students，they have less homework and fewer exams But we also have a lot in common，like being crazy about basketball The American students also benefited much from the program $$