第一讲 八大句子成分——写好简单句的根基-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

第一部分　千锤百炼　夯基固源 第一讲　八大句子成分——写好简单句的根基 专项提能 循序写作 一 主语——句子的主体 主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于陈述句的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 ①This experience benefits me a lot. (名词作主语) 这次经历让我受益匪浅。 ②It is hoped that children will be more responsible and brave in the future. (it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语) 我们希望，孩子们将来会更有责任心，更勇敢。 ③Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(非谓语动词短语作主语) 在日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。 ④The young felt very happy when they saw that the popcorn sold well.(名词化的形容词作主语) 这些年轻人看到爆米花十分畅销，感到非常高兴。 1．不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。(名词短语作主语) Different people like different seasons；__________________is spring. 2．与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。(不定式短语作主语) ____________________________is the second thing you should learn. my favorite season To get along well with others 3．我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。(从句作主语) _________________________is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class. 4．作为一名外国学习者，你很难理解它们真正的含义和文化。(it作形式主语) As a foreign learner, __________________to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. What I'm going to tell you it is difficult for you 二 谓语——主语的行为 谓语可以用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和单复数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。 ①I respect and love him very much.(及物动词作谓语) 我十分地敬重和喜欢他。 ②He told me a helicopter was on its way...(系表结构在从句中作谓语) 他告诉我说一架直升机正在来的路上…… ③The match will take place in our school gym on the morning of July 8th.(“情态动词＋不及物动词”作谓语) 比赛将于7月8日早上在我们学校的体育馆举行。 ④I do thank him for what he did for me.(“助动词＋及物动词”作谓语) 我特别感谢他为我所做的一切。 5．在下个月的欢迎仪式上，我更喜欢穿校服而不是中国的传统服饰。 (实义动词作谓语) I ___________________________________________________at the welcome ceremony next month. 6．他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了一个大计划。(动词短语作谓语) When he _________at 7：00 a．m.，a big plan _____________him. prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress got up occurred to 7．手表在我们日常生活中是必不可少的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语) The watch _____________in our daily life，but its function ______________________． 8．我可以加强中国和英国之间的友谊。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语) I _________________the friendship between China and England. is necessary is too simple and dull can strengthen 三 宾语——动作的对象 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。 ①To be honest, his assistance has a great impact on me. (代词作宾语) 说实话，他的帮助对我有很大影响。 ②Both teachers and students hope to hold such activities again.(不定式作宾语) 师生们都希望能再次举办这样的活动。 ③You may send Bernard some popcorn every day.(双宾语) 你们可以每天给伯纳德送些爆米花。 9．我向你表示最热烈的欢迎。(名词短语作宾语) I would like to express __________________________to you. 10．他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语) Suddenly he thought of ___________________________________ before setting out. 11．我保证它(音乐节)将会是一场视觉和听觉的盛宴。(从句作宾语) I promise (that)_________________________________________. my warmest welcome seeing the beautiful views of the city again it will be a feast for your eyes and ears 四 表语——主语的特征 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。 ①Mr. Liu is a very respectable teacher indeed! (名词短语作表语) 刘老师的确是一位十分值得敬重的老师。 ②Our camera dropped and our lives were in danger.(介词短语作表语) 我们的相机掉在了地上，并且我们的生命处于危险中。 ③What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment. (从句作表语) 我想要强调的是目前它正在寻找新的成员。 12．这次展览的主题是环境保护。(名词短语作表语) The theme of the show is _____________________． 13．那时，我成了全班的焦点，充满了自豪和自信。(形容词短语作表语) At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was _____________________________________________． environmental protection full of great pride and confidence 14．几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语) Several minutes passed but the whole class was _________________． 15．我们学校将组织这次音乐节，目的是推广中国传统民族音乐和欣赏外国音乐。(不定式短语作表语) Our school is__________________________, which is intended to promote traditional Chinese folk music as well as enjoy foreign ones. in complete silence to organize this music festival 五 定语——名词的修饰语 定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等。 ①Every participating team is great and ready for the game.(现在分词作定语) 每一个参赛团队都很优秀，并且都为比赛做好了准备。 ②A guide led us to the strawberry field，where we saw fresh red strawberries.(从句作定语) 一名导游把我们领到草莓园里，在那里，我们看到了红彤彤的新鲜草莓。 ③Never in her life had she tasted anything better.(形容词比较级作定语) 她从来没有品尝过比这更美味的东西。 16．我们可能有各种各样处理此类情况的方法。(不定式短语作定语) We may have various ways__________________________________． 17．这些日子里，我和同学们根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。(过去分词短语作定语) These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play ______________________________． to deal with such a situation based on the English text 18．我衷心地感谢你在英语学习上对我的帮助。 (代词、形容词作定语) I want to send my sincere gratitude for ____________help with my English learning. 19．欢迎所有感兴趣的学生参加。(从句作定语) Any student __________________is welcome to participate. your kind who is interested 六 状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词(短语)、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等。 ①About two hours later, we went out，wearing tired but satisfied expressions. (分词短语作状语) 大约两个小时后，我们带着疲惫但满足的表情走了出来。 ②We began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed. (介词短语作状语) 因为害怕弄坏了植株，我们开始小心地采摘草莓。 ③I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.(从句作状语) 如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。 20．简在黎明醒来，又渴又饿。(形容词短语作状语) Jane woke up at dawn，______________________． 21．为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语) __________________________, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion, and later reported it to the headmaster. thirsty and hungry To solve this problem 22．美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(with复合结构和现在分词短语作状语) __________________________________, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits,______________________________. With the beautiful moon up in the sky sharing each other's stories 七 补足语——对宾语或主语的补充说明 补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。 ①All in all，my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer.(名词作宾语补足语) 总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一名合格的志愿者。 ②We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.(形容词作宾语补足语) 我们将尽最大努力使我们的国家越来越美丽。 ③I'll keep his kindness and help in mind forever.(介词短语作宾语补足语) 我将永远记住他的善良和帮助。 23．科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式短语作宾语补足语) Popular science books can help us students_______________________ ________________________． (to) become more interested in science and nature 24．为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。(过去分词作宾语补足语) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much as possible. 25．我们应该保持房间干净、整洁。(形容词作宾语补足语) We should keep our room _____________． spoken clean and tidy 八 同位语——对名词或代词做进一步的解释说明 对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释说明，并与该名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 ①Take my neighbor Uncle Li for example. He is a volunteer who works as a gate guard in our community.(名词作同位语) 以我的邻居李叔叔为例，李叔叔是我们社区门卫的一名志愿者。 ②There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语) 毫无疑问，我将会通过我的努力来提高它的声誉。 26．他们三个想一起步行周游世界。(数词作同位语) They _______ want to travel around the world together on foot. 27．我爸爸的朋友，保罗叔叔，去机场接了我们。(名词作同位语) Uncle Paul,__________________, picked us up from the airport. 28．我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(从句作同位语) I hold the opinion____________________________________________ ________________. three my dad's friend that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty $$