Unit 5 Into the unknown-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 5　Into the unknown 选择性必修第四册 (主题语境：人与社会——探索未知) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 四级词汇 bury vt.将……埋在下面；埋葬，埋藏；遮盖 　be buried in/bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事 ruin n. [C][常用复数]残垣断壁，废墟，遗迹，残余；[U]毁灭；破产 vt. 糟蹋；(完全地)毁坏；使破产 　fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 　in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 三级词汇 abandon vt.离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃(adj. abandoned) civilisation n. [C]&[U]文明(社会) 　ancient civilisation 古代文明 二级词汇 canal n. [C]运河；沟渠；水道 dismiss vt. 拒绝考虑，否定，消除(顾虑等)；[正式用语]让……离开，解散；[常用于被动语态]解雇(fire) 　dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑 expansion n. [C]&[U]增加；扩大，扩张，扩充(v. expand) *furthermore adv. [句子副词][正式用语]此外；而且(moreover)；不仅如此 investigation n. [U]&[C]调查；调查研究(v. investigate) millimetre n. [C]毫米(mm) *pyramid n. [C]金字塔；(数学上的)角锥(体) *shrink (shrank/shrunk，shrunk) vi. 退缩，畏缩 vi.& vt. (使)缩水，(使)收缩；(使)缩小，减少，贬值 　shrink from 避免做，不愿做 *tropical adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的 *upwards adv. 向上，朝上 vol (＝volume) n. (书的)卷，册 一级词汇 astronomy n. [U]天文学 substance n. [C]物质，物品；[U]事实根据 *downfall n. [U][单数]衰败，衰落 drilling n. [U]钻探；勘探(v. drill) *equivalent adj. 等同的；等值的；相当的 　be equivalent to 相当于，等同于 *getaway n. [C][常用单数]逃跑，逃走；[非正式用语]适合度假的地方 　make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 *notable adj. 值得注意的；显要的；显著的 *retreat vi. 后退；离开；退避 *uncharted adj. 地图上没有标明的(v. chart) ◆背核心短语 1．correspond to与……一致 2．apply...to...把……运用到……上 3．on top of在……之上；除……之外 4．all the more更加 5．at one's peak在……顶峰；处于高峰时期 6．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 7．make a getaway逃跑，逃走 8．run for one's life逃命 9．check out调查，检查 10．test the waters试水，试探 11．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身 12．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 13．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去 14．think twice再三考虑；慎重考虑 15．shrink from避免做，不愿做 16．look into调查(问题) 17．set sail起航 18．offer a window into...为了解……提供一扇窗 19．be equivalent to等(同)于；相当于…… 20．hold the record保持纪录 21．beyond the reach of无法达 ◆背单元语块 1．make an incredible discovery惊人的发现 2．through comparison通过比较 3．natural disasters自然灾害 4．play a part in在……中起作用 5．deal with对付，应付，处理 6．a series of一系列 7．at different rates以不同的速度 8．the rise and fall of... ……的兴衰 9．across the globe在全球 10．as with和……一样；就……而言 11．tough environment艰苦的环境 12．intense cold严寒 13．open up开发，开辟 14．be familiar to为……所熟悉 ◆句式表达 1．句式：what引导主语从句；how引导表语从句 What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. 这些复杂的结构最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。 2．句式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 a.Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。 b．Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 同时，这种文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。 c．Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 3．句式：完全倒装 Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 据估计，全球海底有三百万艘沉船。 4．句式：if型省略结构 Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 5．句式：不定代词＋of＋关系代词＋定语从句 Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are completely new to us. 此外，海洋还是自然资源的宝贵来源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．____________ treasure 埋藏的珍宝 2．the ____________ of his hope 他的希望破灭了 3．I don't want to go there.____________， I have no time to do so.我不想去那里，而且我也没时间去。 4．a chemical ____________ 一种化学物质 buried ruin Furthermore substance 第二组　拓展词汇 1．civil adj.公民的；民间的→____________ v．使文明；教化；开化→____________ n．文明(社会) 2．abandon v．离弃，逃离→____________ adj.放纵的；被离弃的；被遗弃的 3．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇→____________ n．不予考虑，摒弃；解雇 civilise civilisation abandoned dismissal 4．expand v．扩张；增加；扩展；详述→____________ n．扩大；增加 5．investigate v．调查；研究→____________ n．调查 expansion investigation 第三组　重点短语 1．________________ 与……一致 2．________________ 把……运用到……上 3．________________ 在……之上；除……之外 4．________________ 更加 5．________________ 在……顶峰；处于高峰时期 6．________________ (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 7．________________ 逃跑，逃走 correspond to apply...to... on top of all the more at one's peak fall into ruin make a getaway 8．________________ 逃命 9．________________ 调查，检查 10．________________ 试水，试探 11．________________ 避开……；从……处脱身 12．________________ 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 13．________________ 积极投入到……中去 14．________________ 再三考虑，慎重考虑 15．________________ 避免做，不愿做 run for one's life check out test the waters steer clear of set out throw oneself into think twice shrink from 16．________________ 调查(问题) 17．________________ 起航 18．____________________ 为了解……提供了一扇窗 19．________________ 等(同)于；相当于…… 20．________________ 保持纪录 21．__________________ 无法达到 look into set sail offer a window into... be equivalent to hold a record beyond the reach of 第四组　课文佳句 1．______________________________________________________is ____________________________________________________________________________.这些复杂的结构最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。(what引导主语从句；how引导表语从句) What is most extraordinary about these complex structures how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power 2．The fact ________________________________________________ makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。(同位语从句) 3．Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also ____________________________ our own past, present and future.同时，这种文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) that Maya society was technologically primitive leave us thinking about 4．____________________________________________ an estimated three million shipwrecks.据估计，全球海底有三百万艘沉船。(完全倒装) 5．Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, ________________________________________________.此外，海洋还是自然资源的宝贵来源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。(不定代词＋of＋关系代词＋定语从句) Lying under waters across the globe are some of which are completely new to us 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the ____________ (abandon) milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful ____________(substance) from some sludge (污泥). abandoned substances 3．The forests disappeared gradually due to the rapid ____________ (expand) of agriculture. 4．If more people join in the trend to ride bicycles to work then the air quality will be improved ____________ (notable). 5．Much to our disappointment, the terrible earthquake left the whole city in ____________ (ruin) in a short time. expansion notably ruins Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．Medicine should be stored __________________________________ (小孩子够不到). 2．It would be sensible to ____________________ (再三考虑) before we make an important decision. 3．The detective thought over what he had heard about Heidi, making up his mind to __________________ (调查这个案件). beyond the reach of small children think twice look into the case 4．The climbers gathered at the foot of the hill and _________________ (向山顶出发). 5．Todd always ____________________________________________ (从头至尾积极投入每个项目中去), thus making his work outstanding and earning him a good reputation. set out for the peak throws himself into every project from start to finish Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．出席晚会的人是我们最喜欢的英语老师。 ______________________________ our favorite English teacher. 2．他的计划被认为毫无用处，这使他感到沮丧和气馁。 His plan was dismissed as useless，_____________________________ ________________． 3．人们希望这些发现能为了解宇宙的起源提供新的窗口。 ________________________ these discoveries can offer a new window into the origin of the universe. Present at the evening party was leaving him frustrated and discouraged It is hoped that 核心考点 互动探究 1.bury v．将……埋在下面；掩藏；遮盖 ①(北师必修第三册U7)But Beethoven continued conducting, his head ____________ (bury) in the score. buried ②Because he ______________________________________ (埋头于) his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left. →________________________________，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语) →__________________________，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语) buried himself in/was buried in Burying himself in his book Buried in his book be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 [名师点津]　表示“专心于”的短语还有： ①be devoted to　②be absorbed in　③be lost in　④be occupied with　⑤fix one's attention on　⑥concentrate/focus on　　⑦put one's heart into 2.ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟(常用pl.)；毁灭，毁坏 v．毁坏；使破产 ①(人教必修第一册U4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ____________(ruin). Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ②She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her company fell ____________ ruin and she finally decided to find a new job. ruins into ③It rained for two weeks on end and completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for two weeks on end, ____________________________． (分词作状语) completely ruining our holiday (1)in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 fall into ruin 衰落，败落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途 3.abandon v．离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃，抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵 ①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ________________ (abandon). abandoned ②He ________________________________________ (沉迷于玩) computer games, so he didn't pass the exam. →________________________________， he didn't pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语) →_________________________________________， he didn't pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语) was abandoned to/abandoned himself to playing Abandoned to playing computer games Abandoning himself to playing computer games (1)abandon sb.to sth.(不顾责任、义务等)把某人抛弃在…… abandon oneself to doing sth.沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事 (2)with abandon 纵情；放任地 (3)abandoned adj.废弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to...沉湎于…… 4.set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发；安排；开始做…… ①(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set ____________ in the limited time. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink as I set __________ into the Harenna Forest. up off/out ③Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about ____________ (prepare) your business plan. ＝Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set out ____________ (prepare) your business plan. preparing to prepare ④燃放烟火庆祝春节和元宵节是我们的传统。此外，我们会留出几天的时间去拜访亲戚。(传统文化) It is our tradition to ______________ to celebrate the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival.Besides we will ________________________ to visit the relatives. set off fireworks set aside some days (1)set out for 动身去某处 set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.开始做某事 (2)set aside 存储；留出 set up 建立；创立 set down 放下；记下；登记 set off 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发 5.完全倒装 ①[教材原句]　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.据估计，全球海底有三百万艘沉船。 ②[教材原句]　Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代最早的沉船。 ①Present at the conference ____________ (be) experts from all over the world. ②Among the collections ____________ (be) some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world. ③Our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building，lies in the center of our school. →______________________________________，which is between the garden and the teaching building.(完全倒装句) were are In the center of our school lies our library 完全倒装的三种情况(主语是名词而非代词)： (1)表示方位或时间的副词(如here，there，in，out，now，then等)位于句首作状语， 谓语动词为go，come等表示位移的动态动词时，通常用完全倒装； (2)表示方位的介词短语位于句首时，通常用完全倒装； (3)在主系表结构的句子中，出于强调的目的或为了保持句子平衡，把表语提前，构成完全倒装。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set ____________ a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look ____________ the case, Wang disguised (伪装) himself and joined the beggars. up into 3．With the College Entrance Examination approaching, it's time that we should throw ourselves ____________ hard work. 4．First, we should make some ____________ (investigate), turn to our teachers for help and consult some experts. 5．The couple checked ____________ at 10：00 a．m. and hurried to the airport, leaving a suitcase in the hotel room. into investigations out 6．As you know, China is one of the four ancient ____________(civilise) with more than 5，000 years of history and countless profound (博大精深的) cultures. 7．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ____________ (ruin), the city takes on a new look now. 8．With so many people ____________ (bury) under the ruins，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. civilisations ruins buried 9．Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost ____________ (abandon). 10．The apples on the tree are ____________ the reach of the boy, so he had to ask his brother for help. abandoned beyond 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2022·浙江1月卷)When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her eyes, notably dryness and discomfort. ________ A．尤其　　　　B．显著地　　　　C．值得注意地 A 2．(2021·天津卷)Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes. ________ A．结账离开 B．去(某地)查看 C．借出 3．But the more time I spent hidden away，the more my comfort zone shrank.________ A．退缩，畏缩 B．缩小 C．下降 B B 维度3　完成句子/句式升级/一句多译 1．他父母都去国外工作了，留下他与爷爷奶奶一起生活。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) His parents both went to work abroad, ___________________________ __________________． leaving him living with his grandparents 2．A village, where people still live a peaceful life, lies at the foot of the mountain. →____________________________________， where people still live a peaceful life.(完全倒装句) At the foot of the mountain lies a village 3．As he was buried in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world. →__________________________， he knew nothing about the outside world.(过去分词短语作状语) →________________________________， he knew nothing about the outside world.(现在分词短语作状语) Buried in his lessons Burying himself in his lessons 4．依我看，是我们着手解决分歧的时候了。 →As far as I'm concerned，it's time for us to ____________________ _____________________．(set about) →As far as I'm concerned，it's time for us to _____________________ _____________________．(set out) set about settling the disagreement set out to settle the disagreement 5．我们不应该沉迷于电脑游戏，因为那可能会毁掉我们的生活。 →We shouldn't ____________________ computer games，because it may ruin our life.(abandon) →We shouldn't ____________________ computer games，because it may ruin our life.(abandoned) abandon ourselves to be abandoned to 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 The Unexplained Mystery of the Pyramid of Khufu The Pyramid of Khufu is 1.______________________________ (埃及文明的象征). However, when it comes to its construction, nearly no record has been found. the symbol of Egyptian civilisation It is estimated that the Pyramid of Khufu was made of more than 2.3 million stones, and the average weight of each stone is 2.5 tons, making the process of its construction a long-lasting mystery, 2.___________________________________ (这多年来激发着人们的好奇心). Scientists 3.__________________________________ (进行了非常彻底的调查) but still lack persuasive explanations so far. Some say it was built by a large number of slaves; some even say it was constructed by alien beings from outer space. which intrigues people for so many years have conducted thorough investigations As far as I am concerned, 4._______________________________ ____________________________ (随着考古技术的发展), we are bound to solve the mystery and reveal the truth to the public. with the development of archaeological technology 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 动作描写 intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 bury v．将……埋在下面 abandon v．离弃，逃离 retreat v．后退；离开；退避 shrink v．退缩，畏缩 set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 run for one's life 逃命 think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑 apply...to...把……应用于…… throw oneself into 积极投入……中去 环境描写 canal n．运河 coral n．珊瑚 ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟 人物描写 subdue v．克制；抑制(情绪)→subdued adj.闷闷不乐的 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 尼古拉斯和父亲出发去滑雪了。他们那天很开心。他们要离开时，尼古拉斯决定独自一人沿着不同寻常的路径下山。不幸的是，一场猛烈的暴风雪席卷了这个地区，尼古拉斯迷路了。他想起了他曾经读到的一则故事。故事中一个人被遗弃在一个荒野地区，不得不自救。“我在危险面前不能退缩，是时候把我学到的技巧付诸实践了。”他低声说道。他决心逃命。虽然情绪低落，但他不会后退。再三考虑之后，他全身心地投入建一个雪洞来取暖。第二天，他的父亲找到了安然无恙的他。 Nicholas 1. with his father.They had a wonderful day. When they were to leave，Nicholas decided to go down unusual trails himself. Unfortunately，a fierce snowstorm swept the area and Nicholas was lost. He remembered the story he had ever read，in which a man was abandoned in a wild area and had to help himself out.“I would not 2. . It's time to 3.______________________________ ______________，” he whispered. He 4.____________________________ ________. Although in a subdued mood，he would not retreat. 5.______________，he 6. to keep himself warm. The next day，he was found by his father，safe and sound. set out to go skiing shrink from danger apply the tips Ilearned to determined to run for his life Thinking twice threw himself into building a snow cave practice 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·安徽合肥质检)I am thinking today about my new favorite thing.It's an app that my husband told me a few years ago that helps me bypass all the obstacles (障碍) in my way：potholes, heavy traffic, and so on. To be honest, when my husband first told me about it，I didn't pay much attention. I was only going to places I already knew how to get to. Plus, I learned to drive from my father—who never turned to a map.I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn't need a map；you somehow just magically knew where to go.It was only later that I realized that just getting a driver's license didn't mean you knew how to get to places—that was lesson one. Lesson two came when my kids started playing on two different travel teams.The drivers in our household suddenly had the need to head in different directions on the same day. Suddenly my app became very meaningful to me.How did I ever manage to get to strange playing fields hidden somewhere without it? But the crazy thing I have also noticed is how often I just don't listen to it. Why might that be? Do I just prefer the old routes, even if they are actually worse? I see an analogy (类比) to the present moment.There is evidence that some old ideas and some long familiar ideas will send us into a boring unchanging lifestyle.But for some reason we like them better than an unfamiliar new route that might take us into areas we've never heard of, let alone visited. It can be hard to admit we don't know everything.As a person who still drives an 8-year-old stick shift and who has never stood in line for anything new，I certainly understand that. But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego (自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better.Not perfect—but better. I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app.He was right. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的丈夫给作者推荐了一款导航应用程序，但作者刚开始不愿意接受新的事物。直到后来认识到仅有驾驶证并不意味着知道怎样到达某地，且作者的孩子参加了两个不同的旅游队伍，作者才意识到应用程序的必要性和好处，于是开始接受这款应用程序。 2 3 1 4 1．What did the author think of the app at the very beginning? A．It was magical. B．It was practically valueless. C．It was powerful. D．It was not as good as a map. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I didn't pay much attention... I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn't need a map; you somehow just magically knew where to go.”可知，作者起初对这款应用程序没太在意，她觉得自己只会去自己已经知道如何到达的地方，认为真正的司机根本不需要应用程序的帮助，故B项正确。 2 3 1 4 2．What would probably make the author ignore the app's instructions? A．Her desire to explore alone. B．Her doubt about the new device. C．Her preference for the new routes. D．Her refusal to experience changes. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is evidence that ...we like them better than an unfamiliar new route”可知，一些旧的想法和一些长期熟悉的想法会让我们进入一种无聊的不变的生活方式。但出于某种原因，我们更喜欢它们，而不是一条不熟悉的新路线。由此可以推断，作者之所以忽视应用程序的指令是因为作者拒绝改变，故D项正确。 2 3 1 4 3．What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph? A．She is willing to challenge herself. B．She cares little about others' comments. C．She recognizes her problems easily. D．She is too inflexible to make any change. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。上文讲到了作者觉得丈夫推荐的导航应用程序几乎没有价值，但根据最后一段中的“let go of my ego ... I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app.”可推知，作者愿意挑战自己，故A项正确。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Real Drivers Know Their Way B．It Pays to Take a New Route C．New Apps Make Life Perfect D．It Matters to Listen to the Inner Voice 答案：B 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据本文内容可知，作者最开始不太在意丈夫推荐的导航应用程序，在孩子们参加了两个不同的旅游队伍需要导航等事后最终接受了这款应用程序，这让作者意识到一个人要学会挑战自己、拥抱改变，这样生活才会变得更好，故B项“走一条新的路线是值得的”适合作本文的标题。 B (2023·湖北武汉调研)An individual from an unknown hominid (人科) species walked across a field of wet，volcanic ash in what is now East Africa around 3.66 million years ago，leaving behind a handful of footprints. Those five ancient footprints，largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976，show features of upright walking by a hominid，a new study finds.Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify，because they possibly were produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing.But the latest analysis refutes that suggestion. McNutt，DeSilva，who started the new investigation as a Dartmouth College graduate student，and their colleagues fully dug out and cleaned the five Laetoli footprints in June 2019.Then they measured，photographed and 3-D scanned the ancient tracks.McNutt's group focused on two footprints that were particularly well-preserved.Foot shapes，sizes，and walking characteristics of the Laetoli individual differed in various ways from those of other hominid individuals at the same site.The prints also didn't match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright. The Laetoli individual possessed a wider，more chimplike foot than humans，these researchers say.Its big toe (脚趾) stuck out slightly from the second toe，but not to the degree observed in chimps.On one step，the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg，leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track.People may cross-step in this way when trying to regain balance.And bears and chimps assume relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross-stepping，the scientists say. Given that only two of the ancient footprints are complete enough to analyze thoroughly，the possibility that a chimp other than a hominid made the Laetoli footprints can't be ruled out，says William Harcourt-Smith，a scientist at Lehman College.But evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker，he says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，在坦桑尼亚发现的五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the underlined word “refutes” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Objects to.　　　　　 B．Supports. C．Puts forward. D．Criticizes. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“because they possibly were produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing”和but可知，此处形成转折，画线词所在句应该是对这个观点的反驳，且下文的“The prints also didn't ...walking upright.”也印证了这一点，因此，画线词的意思应该与A项最为接近。 5 6 7 8 6．Why do researchers think the footprints were unlike those of bears or chimps? A．They are less chimplike. B．They have toes sticking out. C．They show relatively wide standing. D．They possess features of cross-stepping. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg ...And bears and chimps ...prevent them from ...cross-stepping”可知，这些脚印呈现出人们试图恢复平衡时所进行的交叉步行走，而熊和黑猩猩无法交叉步行走，这就是研究人员认为这些脚印不像熊和黑猩猩的脚印的原因，故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 7．What does William think of the new research finding? A．It's convincing. B．It's challenging. C．It's confusing. D．It's conflicting. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker”可以推断，William认为新的研究发现还是很有说服力的，故A项正确。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe a major event. B．To share a new discovery. C．To introduce an unknown species. D．To settle a huge disagreement. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。通读全文并根据本文的主旨句，即第二段中的“Those five ancient footprints ...show features of upright walking by a hominid，a new study finds.”可知，本文旨在向读者介绍最新的研究发现，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·广东广州调研)The train had been long delayed. Running out of 1 ，Andy put down his book and looked out. He found the 2 at once: It was raining hard. He lay down and fell asleep but was soon woken up by a woman. She handed him his bag and 3 that it had slipped to the floor. He gratefully took it back and opened it, 4 to see his mother's scarf and some sandwiches inside. Andy's thoughts drifted (飘) to when he was 5 . His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in. “If it rains, it may get cold.” He remembered feeling 6 and had taken it out. But it was still here. 7 ，Andy realized he was burning with fever. Feeling helpless, he called his mom. “Take a 8 . I have put in medicine, just 9 ，” she suggested. Touched by his mother's 10 , he took the medicine and soon fell deep asleep in the 11 of the scarf. Andy woke up later feeling much better. Then he noticed the woman, who'd 12 him pick up his bag earlier, 13 holding a baby in her arms, both shaking. Their clothes did little against the cold wind. Without thinking twice, Andy wrapped his mother's scarf around the baby. To his 14 , the child soon fell asleep in the love of not one, but two 15 . [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andy在火车上感受到母亲的关爱并帮助了别人的经历。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.luck B．patience C．time D．energy 答案：B 根据设空处前的“The train had been long delayed.”可知，因为火车延误了很久，所以Andy失去了耐心，放下书往外看。patience意为“耐心”，符合语境。 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 2．A.train B．truth C．cause D．notice 答案：C 根据下文“It was raining hard.”可知，雨下得很大，由此可推测这是火车延误的原因。cause意为“原因”，符合语境。 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 14 15 3．A.insisted B．explained C．apologized D．admitted 答案：B 根据下文“it had slipped to the floor”可知，这位女士解释了递给安迪包的原因。explain意为“解释”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 4．A.surprised B．ready C．thankful D．frightened 答案：A 根据下文可知，他打开包发现里面是妈妈的围巾和一些三明治；结合下文“But it was still there.”可推测，Andy感到很惊讶。surprised意为“惊讶的”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 5．A.checking B．leaving C．planning D．packing 答案：D 根据上文他发现包里面是妈妈的围巾和一些三明治以及下文“His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in.”可知，Andy离家前收拾了行李。由此推测，Andy的思绪飘到了他收拾行李的时候。pack意为“收拾行李”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 6．A.hurt B．annoyed C．ashamed D．puzzled 答案：B 根据下文had taken it out可知，Andy当时很生气。annoyed意为“恼怒的，生气的”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 7．A.Lately B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Instantly 答案：C 根据下文“Andy realized he was burning with fever”可知，Andy突然意识到自己发烧了。suddenly意为“突然”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 8．A.look B．pill C．rest D．sandwich 答案：B 根据上文可知，他给妈妈打了电话；再结合下文“I have put in medicine”可知，妈妈为Andy准备了药。pill意为“药片”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 9．A.for safety B．on purpose C．in case D．by accident 答案：C 根据上文可知，妈妈在Andy的包里装了药，以防Andy生病。in case意为“以防万一”，符合语境。for safety“为安全起见”；on purpose“故意”；by accident“碰巧”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 10．A.calmness B．confidence C．comfort D．concern 答案：D 根据上文可知，妈妈的种种行为都是出于对他的关心，因此他是被母亲的关心所感动。concern意为“关心”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 11．A.warmth B．memory C．smell D．touch 答案：A 根据上下文和常识推测，Andy在妈妈温暖的围巾中睡着了。warmth意为“温暖”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 12．A.helped B．pleased C．disturbed D．greeted 答案：A 根据上文“She handed him his bag and 3 that it had slipped to the floor.”和下文pick up his bag可知，那位女士帮助过Andy。help意为“帮助”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 13．A.carefully B．casually C．gently D．tightly 答案：D 根据下文both shaking及常识可知，两个人都在发抖，由此推测妈妈应是将婴儿抱得很紧。tightly意为“紧紧地”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 14．A.relief B．amazement C．mind D．advantage 答案：A 根据下文可知，孩子睡着了，由此推测，这令他很宽慰。relief意为“宽慰”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 15．A.arms B．scarfs C．passengers D．mothers 答案：D 结合上文语境可知，因为两位母亲的爱，孩子很快睡着了。mother意为“母亲”，符合语境。 $$