Unit 3 The world of science-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 3　The world of science 必修第三册 (主题语境：人与社会——科学精神) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 experiment n．[C]&[U](科学)实验，试验 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 　conduct/do/perform/carry out an experiment 做实验 四级词汇 account n. [C]记述，描述；账户；[常用复数]账目 　on account of 因为，由于 　take account of/take...into account 考虑到，把……考虑进去 beyond prep. [表示范围]超出……的范围，无法……；[表示数量、水平、限度]超出 　beyond recognition 面目全非，无法辨认 　beyond repair/control/belief 无法修理/控制/相信 beyond the reach of sb./beyond sb.'s reach 够不着，力所不及 conduct vt. [正式用语]传导(热、电)；实施，管理，进行 　conduct an experiment/an interview/a survey 进行实验/面试/调查 cure n. [C]药剂；疗法；治疗，痊愈 vt. 治疗/治愈(疾病)；治愈(病人) desire n. [C]&[U]渴望，欲望 vt. [不用于进行时][正式用语]渴望，期望 　a desire for 对……的渴望 　desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 injure vt. 使受伤，弄伤(injured，injury) mental adj. [只用于名词前]精神的；精神健康的；思想上的；脑力的 　mental health 心理健康 　mental labour 脑力劳动 press vt.& vi. 按，推，挤，压 　press a button/switch 按下按钮/开关 scientific adj. 科学(上)的(science，scientist) 　a scientific experiment 科学实验 shoot(shot，shot) vi.& vt. 射出(光、亮等)，放射；射击，开(枪等武器)；拍摄；射门，投篮 species n. [C](pl. species)(动植物的)物种；种 stream n. [C]小河，小溪；一连串；(人、车)流 vi. 流动 vt. 流播，用流式传输 theory n. [C]&[U]学说；[U]理论；原理 　Einstein's theory of relativity 爱因斯坦的相对论 　in theory 理论上 三级词汇 accurate adj. 精确的，准确的(反inaccurate) attach vt. 系，绑；贴，连接；重视，认为……重要 　attach...to... 把……贴在……上 　attach importance (to sth.) (对某物)重视 entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地(adj. entire；近completely) extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的；异乎寻常的 fiction n. [C]&[U]虚构的事，想象的事；[U](虚构)小说 　historical/romantic/science fiction 历史/爱情/科幻小说 flash n. [C]闪光，闪现；[C]&[U]闪光灯 vi.& vt. (使)闪光；(使)闪耀 vi. 闪现；突然想到 　a flash of lightning 一道闪电 flexible adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的；可变通的，灵活的(反inflexible) gravity n. [U]重力，引力 instance n. [C]例子，实例 for instance 例如(for example) metal n. [C]&[U]金属，金属制品 passive adj. [语法]被动语态的；消极的，被动的 proof n. [U]&[C]证明，证据(v. prove；近evidence) significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的；(数量)大的，显著的(n. significance) virtual adj. [只用于名词前]虚拟的，模拟的 　the virtual world 虚拟世界 　virtual reality 虚拟现实(VR) 二级词汇 biologist n. [C]生物学家 brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的，杰出的 capable adj. 有能力的，有才能的(反incapable) 　be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 draft vt. 起草，草拟 n. [C]草稿，草案，草图 origin n. [C]&[U]起源，起因；出身，血统(original，originally) procedure n. [C]&[U]步骤，程序，手续 stuff n. [U][非正式用语]东西，物品 vt. 把……填(满)；给……装馅 一级词汇 astronomer n. [C]天文学家(astronaut，astronomy) chemist n. [C]化学家；药剂师(chemistry，chemical) minor adj. [常用于名词前，无比较级变化]小的，少的，轻微的(反major) 　minor injuries/illness 轻伤/小病 declaration n. [C]&[U]声明，宣告(v. declare) 　Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》 ◆背核心短语 1．in addition除此之外，另外 2．in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言 3．tie...to...把……拴/系在……上 4．along with与……一起；连同……一起 5．establish the truth 证实真相 6．take place发生；进行 7．die from死于…… 8．come up with 想出；提出 ◆背单元语块 1．over time随着时间的推移 2．the four great inventions in Ancient China中国古代的四大发明 3．make advances in...在……方面取得进步 4．be capable of doing sth.有能力做某事 5．what's more此外，而且 6．no doubt无疑，很可能 7．have a desire to do sth.有做某事的渴望 8．at the moment此刻，目前 9．more than one不止一个 10．look for the truth追寻真理 11．hit sb. on the head击中某人的头部 12．spirit of scientific exploration科学探索精神 ◆句式表达 1．句式： It suggests that... It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over. 这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。 2．句式：强调句型 So what is it that inspires us to invent things? 那么，到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？ 3．句式：neither...nor... However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而，不管是故事本身还是实验的细节都不完全属实。 4．句式：that引导同位语从句 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．____________ at the enemy 向敌人射击 2．____________ a college education 渴望受到大学教育 3．a ____________ reflection 消极反应 4．____________ my reach 够不着 5．a ____________ young scientist 一位才华横溢的青年科学家 shoot desire passive beyond brilliant 6．the search for a ____________ for cancer 寻找治愈癌症的方法 7．be proved by ____________ 经过实验证明 8．a full ____________ of the incident 对事件的详尽叙述 cure experiment account 第二组　拓展词汇 1．press v．按，压→____________ adj.紧缺的，压平的，紧张的→____________ n．压力 2．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→____________ n．柔韧性，灵活性 3．capable adj.有能力的→____________ n．能力 4．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→____________ n．重要性，意义 pressed pressure flexibility capability significance 5．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→____________ adj.受伤的 →____________ n．伤害 6．accurate adj.精确的→____________ n．精确(程度)，准确(性) 7．minor adj.小的→____________ n．少数；少数民族 8．declare v．声明，宣告→____________ n．声明，宣告 9．attach v．系，绑；贴→____________ n．附件；依恋 10．science n．科学→____________ n．科学家→____________ adj.科学(上)的 injured injury accuracy minority declaration attachment scientist scientific 11．entire adj.完全的，彻底的→____________ adv.完全地，彻底地→____________ n．整个，全部 12．prove v．证明→____________ n．证明，证据 entirely entireness proof 第三组　重点短语 1．________________ 除此之外，另外 2．________________ 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言 3．________________ 把……拴/系在……上 4．________________ 与……一起；连同……一起 5．________________ 查明真相 6．________________ 发生；进行 7．________________ 死于…… 8．________________ 想出；提出 in addition in terms of tie...to... along with establish the truth take place die from come up with 第四组　课文佳句 1．________________________ the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。(It suggests that...) 2．So ____________________ inspires us to invent things？那么，到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？(强调句型的特殊疑问句) It suggests that what is it that 3．However, ____________________________________ of the experiment are entirely true.然而，不管是这个故事本身还是实验的细节都不完全属实。(neither...nor...) 4．Although ________________________ Franklin's experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.尽管已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，但不止一位科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。(it is/has been proved that...) neither the story nor the details it has been proved that 5．In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, ______________________________________________.事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。(that引导同位语从句) there is no proof that it hit him on the head 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly ____________ (desire) destination for food lovers. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emma says it's challenging to be a health expert，because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack ____________ (science) support. desirable scientific 3．(2022·全国甲卷)World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans is of great ____________ (significant). 4．(2021·全国乙卷)Talking about personal relationships, well, I'd ____________ (natural) think of my relationship with my mother. 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The ability to ____________ (accurate) understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. significance naturally accurately Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．The differences in the children's achievements can not be completely explained ________________________________________ (根据他们的社会背景). 2．To our joy，the hotel itself can hold 70 guests and，________________ (另外), there are several self-cooking apartments. in terms of their social backgrounds in addition 3．Catherine，________________________________ (和另外两个男孩一起) in our school，was invited to Shanghai to pick up the prizes the other day. 4．The art festival ________________________________________(定于下午两点举行) on the playground on 28 April. along with two other boys is scheduled to take place at 2：00 p．m. 5．My best friends always lend me a helping hand and ________________________________________ (想出帮助我的方法) when I am in trouble. come up with solutions/ways to help me Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．是网络学习开阔了我的视野，帮助我更多地了解西方文化。 ____________________________ broadens my horizons and helps me to know more about western culture. 2．我建议你做一些自己喜欢的事情来放松自己，比如听音乐、做运动。 I _______________________________________________________， such as listening to music, doing sports. It is online learning that suggest that you (should) do something you like to relax yourself 3．70%的学生认为超重有害健康。 70% of the students hold the opinion ____________________________. that overweight is harmful to health 核心考点 互动探究 1.desire n．渴望，欲望 vt.渴望；想要 ①(译林必修第一册U2)You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire ____________ independence and a continued need for your parents' love and support. ②(译林选必三U2)We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans. We desire ____________ (explore) the furthest frontier of all—space. for to explore ③Since you have a strong desire ____________ (learn) Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University. ④我希望你能加入我们的俱乐部，因为这是保持健康的好方式，也是放松自我的好机会。(建议信) →I ____________________ our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves. →I ________________________________ our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves. to learn desire you to join desire that you (should) join 2.significant adj.重要的，影响深远的 ①Through participating in this volunteer activity，I have become aware of the ____________ (significant) of labour. ②(人教选必二U2)As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved ____________(significant), with many great universities now available. significance significantly ③There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is very important to Chinese cultural diversity. →There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture ________________________________ Chinese cultural diversity. is of great significance to (1)It is significant that...很明显…… (2)significance n．重要性，意义 have great significance 有重要意义 (3)significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地 3.attach v．系，绑；贴；连接；把……固定；(使)附属；重视 ①(译林选必三U2)We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards，or in sleeping bags ____________ (attach) to the walls or the ceiling. ②The scientist's ____________ (attach) to his homeland drove him to return from abroad. attached attachment ③是该我们高度重视节能和环境保护的时候了。(倡议书) It is high time that we ________________________________________ energy saving and environmental protection. attached/should attach great importance to (1)attach...to...把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事重要/有意义 (2)attached adj.依恋的；附属的 be attached to 附属于；依恋；关于；有关 (3)attachment n．附件；依恋；爱慕 4.in terms of 就……来说，从……角度来看 ①(北师选必三U7)Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ, especially ________________________________ (在“人际交往技巧”方面), such as understanding and communication. in terms of “people skills” ②从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很重要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。(建议信) __________________________________，it is important to ________________________________________，so we should learn to ________________________． In the long term be on good terms with people around us come to terms with others (1)come to terms with让步于；达成协议，和好 be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人关系好/不好 (2)in the long/short term 就长/短期而言 5.强调句型 [教材原句]　So what is it that inspires us to invent things？那么，到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？ ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was at that moment ____________ a warm surge of streams washed through my body，and the image of the horse emerged in my mind，encouraging me to continue writing. that ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念，才使得一些不同寻常的事情最终发生。(主旨升华) ________________________________________ could make something unusual happen finally. ③(2022·浙江卷)We didn't open the doors and begin serving dinner until a couple of hours later. →________________________________________________________________________________________(强调句) It was his brave heart and strong faith that It wasn't until a couple of hours later that we opened the doors and began serving dinner. (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ (4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that＋句子其他部分。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons，people's errors become correlated or dependent, the ____________ (accurate) of the estimate will go down. 2．Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a ____________ (significant) greater sense of belonging，a bond with others. accuracy significantly 3．An energy ministry official says all of the country's nuclear plants have been inspected and are ____________ (capability) of standing natural disasters. 4．The sports meeting, which was ____________ (original) due last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather. 5．Lucy was deep in thought, trying to come up ____________ a plan to reduce costs of production. capable originally with 6．The number of traffic accidents caused by drunk driving accounts ____________ 13% of the total every year. 7．Get someone who is ____________ good terms with him to try and persuade him to change his mind. 8．We desire that immediate help ________________ (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. for on (should) be given 9．Thanks to the help of the expert, he was cured ____________ the terrible disease successfully. 10．One day，when I opened my book，I found a beautiful card ____________ (attach) to the first page，giving me best wishes. of attached 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.________ A．出版社　　　　B．按，压　　　　C．印刷机 C 2．(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.________ A．拍摄 B．射出，放射 C．射击 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.________ A．塞进 B．塞满，装满 C．东西，物品 A B 维度3　完成句子/句式升级 1．正是她的善良和责任感让我非常钦佩她。(强调句) ____________________________________________________ make me admire her very much. 2．医学研究表明，笑是一种减轻压力、让人感觉良好的好方法。(suggest) Medical research has suggested that _____________________________ __________________ and help people feel good. It is her kindness and the sense of responsibility that laughing is a good way to reduce stress 3．听到学校篮球队在比赛中获胜的消息，我们都很兴奋。(同位语从句) We were all very excited at the news ____________________________ ________________________． 4．(2022·全国甲卷)分歧如此尖锐，他和我都不知道如何解决。(neither...nor...) The disagreement was so sharp that _____________________________ _______________． that our school basketball team won the game neither he nor I knew how to settle it 5．He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance. →____________________________________________， he didn't notice my appearance.(with复合结构) With his mind concentrated on his work 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Nowadays, 1.________________________________________ (许多有能力的人渴望发明) stuff that can make people's life easier, which is significant. For instance, many talented (用本单元词汇替换黑体词： many capable people desire to invent 2.___________) housewives make a lot of extraordinary minor inventions, 3._______________________________________________ _______________________________[这证明了每个人都可以对我们的生活做出超乎自己预期的影响(定语从句＋同位语从句)]. Some fail many times but they 4.____________________ (永不言弃). They 5.__________________________________________ (一次又一次地进行实验) until they're successful. brilliant which is a proof that everyone can make a difference to our life beyond our own expectations never say never conduct experiments over and over again 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 人物描写 capable adj.有能力的 be capable of能够 never say never 别轻易说决不 brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 biologist n．生物学家 动作描写 shoot v．射出(光、亮等)，放射；拍摄 injure v．使受伤，弄伤 其他描写词汇 species n．物种 battery n．电池 compass n．指南针，罗盘 flash n．闪光 stuff n．东西，物品 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 生物学家蒂姆对森林中的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶，他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。当他的手机电池没电时，他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。没有指南针或地图，他认为自己无法走出去。更糟糕的是，他绊倒了，他的腿受伤了。经过无数次的尝试和失败，主干道上的闪光映入了眼帘。在那一刻，他激动得无法形容。 1．____________________________________ (形容词短语作状语) in the forest，Tim，a biologist, was immersed in 2.__________________ of them. It was when his cell phone battery ran out that he realized that he was lost in the forest. Without a compass or a map，he thought he 3.____________________________________. What's worse，he tripped and 4.______________________________. After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road. At that moment，he was excited beyond description. Excited and surprised at the rare species shooting pictures wasn't capable of walking out his leg was injured 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·福建三明质检)Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放物). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn't produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air. The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”， which stands for “zero emission mobility”， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32，000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That's not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge. ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: The car's frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials；it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: It can be charged with solar panels on the car's roof, and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn't on the road. According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020, and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry : If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫作ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车在驾驶时不仅不产生二氧化碳，而且还可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。 2 3 1 4 1．What is special about ZEM? A．It can end the world's CO2 release. B．It can cut the truck's CO2 emissions. C．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air. D．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Called ‘ZEM’， which stands for ‘zero emission mobility’， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.”可知，这种汽车在行驶过程中可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。由此可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 2．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2? A．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars. B．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do. C．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making. D．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句“However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.”可知，研究团队计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明ZEM汽车的卓越前景。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 3．What do we know about all the components of ZEM? A．They are of high quality. B．They are easy to process. C.They are convenient to print. D．They are environmentally friendly. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，ZEM的一些创新有助于使其更具可持续性，且ZEM的零部件都是环保、可回收利用的。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future? A．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B．Mass production of ZEM cars. C．Big success in beating other car makers. D．Dramatic changes in transportation. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers are expected to adopt these innovations, too.”可知，该团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，想刺激汽车制造商未来能大批量生产ZEM这样的车。由此可推知，该团队希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产。故选B项。 B (2023·福建福州质检)Tetraplegic patients(those who can't move their upper or lower body) are prisoners of their own bodies.Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world.This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R．Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient's brain. First，the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned (扫描)effectively，which are then interpreted by the machine-learning algorithm (算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves.As the robot arm performs a motion，the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake：perhaps it moved too fast，or too violently.The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context.For example，you might want the arm to use a bit of force to throw a paper ball，but you might want it to be gentler when putting glass bottles. In the team's research，they trained the robot arm to pick up a glass.The arm would move towards the glass and the users' brain would decide if they felt it was too close or too far away.The process is repeated until the robot understands the optimal route for the individual's preference—not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement. “Training an algorithm to read brain waves in a consistent fashion was the most challenging part，because the brain is not only focused on the hand but also processing many other things，”said Millan.“This means our algorithm will never be 100% accurate.” The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs，which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements，speeds and general safety.However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。 5 6 7 8 5．Which paragraph mentions the working process? A．Paragraph 1.　　　　　 B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了机器人手臂的操作流程。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word“optimal”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Indirect. B．Best. C．Regular. D．Alternative. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知，既不会太近而有风险，又不会太远而浪费动作。由此可知，最终机器人会了解适合个体偏好的最佳路线，所以optimal意为“最佳的”。 5 6 7 8 7．How can the accuracy of reading brain waves be improved? A．By controlling people's brain. B．By ensuring general safety. C．By processing other information. D．By gaining data continuously. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，电脑读取脑电波的精确度永远不可能达到100%；再结合最后一段最后一句“However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm.”可知，通过不断获取数据才能提高电脑读取脑电波的准确性，故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．What could be the best title for the text? A．This Robot Arm Can Read Your Mind B．Robot Arms Control Your Movement C．Algorithm Finds Cure for the Disabled D．Machine-learning Algorithm Can Train Robots 答案：A 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。故A项最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·山东潍坊模拟)Columbia high school girls' soccer team had lost every game in the season until a new 1 stepped in two years ago. Stuart Henley，a former soccer player and now a truck driver, 2 the team and started training hard in February 2020.He 3 the progress of the girls to team-building activities to help them bond on and off the field.He focused on the basics of football like passing, 4 ， and movement to try and bring the girls up to a good standard.His 5 ：coaches could give them guidelines，but girls 6 what they felt they needed to work on. Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season.They 7 the skills they had learned and teamwork into their 8 ，which led them to an 9 run of eight games，until they were sadly beaten 3∶2 by Wyrley Pumas Team.Although this means they have been 10 the league title，the team have still exceeded (超出)expectation by earning the 11 to the county's top division. “Whatever brings you down will 12 make you stronger，especially for girls，” captain Chelsea said. “Stuart has really 13 our girls the philosophy of playing soccer.We're going into next season full of confidence and ready to compete against tougher 14 ，but for now we're still very much enjoying our 15 .” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了曾经屡战屡败的哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在新教练Stuart Henley的带领下，在新的赛季不但获得亚军，还晋级更高一级的联赛。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.player B．driver C．colleague D．coach 答案：D 根据下文的“Stuart Henley，a former soccer player ...in February 2020.”可知，前足球运动员且现在是卡车司机的Stuart Henley重组了球队，并于2020年2月开始努力训练。由此可知，球队换教练(coach)了。 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 2．A.recognized B．rewarded C．reorganized D．founded 答案：C 根据上文的“Columbia high school ...two years ago.”可知，哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在赛季中输掉了每一场比赛，直到两年前新教练上任。由此可知，新教练走马上任，对球队进行了整改(reorganized)。recognize“认可”；reward“奖励”。 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 14 15 3．A.applied B．preferred C．credited D．adjusted 答案：C 根据第一段“Columbia high school ...two years ago.”可知，足球队不再输掉比赛，说明她们在进步，队员们进行团建活动是促使她们在球场上进步的原因。credit ...to ...“认为是……的功劳，把……归于……”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 4．A.shooting B．cheering C．walking D．observing 答案：A 根据常识可知，想在比赛中立于不败之地，队员的各项基本技能都得提高，射门(shooting)是其中的一项。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 5．A.principle B．dream C．plan D．virtue 答案：A 根据语境可知，新教练是个有想法的人，他的原则(principle)是：教练可以给予她们指导，但由女孩们去决定她们认为自己要去做的事。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 6．A.found B．decided C．watched D．liked 答案：B 教练针对以前屡战屡败的情况给出自己的指导意见，由队员们确定自己的不足之处，自己决定(decided)加强训练的内容。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 7．A.turned B．divided C．integrated D．translated 答案：C 新教练的指导意见被队员们采纳，她们学以致用，在比赛中默契配合。integrate ...into ...“把……融入……”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 8．A.styles B．training C．rules D．game 答案：D 根据上文的“Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season.”可知，足球队参加了新赛季的比赛(game)。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 9．A.embarrassing B．unlucky C．intense D．unbeaten 答案：D 这个赛季，前面她们打了八连胜，没有被对方打败(unbeaten)。embarrassing“使人尴尬的”；unlucky“不幸的”；intense“强烈的，剧烈的”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 10．A.awarded B．denied C．saved D．limited 答案：B 她们将学到的技能和团队合作融入比赛中，这使她们取得了八场不败的战绩，直到她们不幸地被威利美洲狮队以3∶2击败。由此可知，新赛季中，这支球队得了亚军，冠军头衔是威利美洲狮队的，deny sb.the league title“拒绝给某人联赛冠军头衔”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 11．A.promotion B．approach C．solution D．contribution 答案：A 她们没能获得冠军，但也是亚军，有实力进入更高一级的联赛。promotion“晋升”，符合语境。approach“方法”；solution“解决办法”；contribution“贡献”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 12．A.hopefully B．officially C．fortunately D．eventually 答案：D 曾经屡战屡败的一个球队，最终(eventually)扬眉吐气走出了以往的阴霾，一举获得亚军。hopefully“有希望地”；officially“正式地”；fortunately“幸运地”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 13．A.brought B．taught C．left D．reserved 答案：B 作为教练的Stuart不仅督促队员们练习技能，更教会她们足球运动中的哲学。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 14．A.participants B．winners C．opponents D．partners 答案：C 尽管没能获得联赛冠军，但是球队还是超过了预期，将进入更高一级的联赛，迎来更加强大的对手(opponents)。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 15．A.harmony B．victory C．company D．dignity 答案：B 一个曾经屡战屡败的球队，在赛季中获得亚军，还晋级到更高一级的比赛，就是一次值得庆祝的胜利(victory)。harmony“和谐”；dignity“尊严”。 $$