Unit 6 Earth first-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 6　Earth first 必修第二册 (主题语境：人与自然——环境保护) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 amount n．[C]&[U]数量，数额；总数 　a large/huge amount of 大量的 attitude n. [C](尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度；姿势 　attitude to/towards 对……的态度 damage vt. 损害，破损，损伤 n. [U]损坏；损失 　do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 flood n. [C]&[U]洪水，水灾；[C]大量 vi.& vt. (被)淹没；(使)泛滥 vi. (洪水般地)涌进(pour) 　a flood of 大量的 reduce vt. 减少，降低(cut) 四级词汇 affect vt. 影响；[常用于被动语态]使感动，打动；使感染(疾病) 　be affected by 被……打动 average adj. [无比较级]平均(数)的；正常的；普通的 n. [C]&[U]平均数；平均水平 　on average 平均 concerned adj. 担忧的，焦急的；[不用于名词前]有关的，有关联的；关注的，关切的 　(be) concerned about/for 担心/关心…… 　be concerned with/in 与……有关 　as far as...be concerned 就……而言，关于 contribute vi. 造成，促成(某事发生) vi.& vt. 捐献，捐助，贡献；投稿(～to) device n. [C]装置，设备，仪器；手段，策略，方法 devote vt. 致力，献身，倾注；把……用于(devoted，devotion) 　devote oneself/sth. to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于/专心于(做)某事 dive (dived/dove，dived/dove) vi. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水，跳水(diving，diver)；俯冲；冲向；暴跌 n. [C]跳水，潜水；俯冲 electricity n. [U]电；电能；电力 　cut off electricity 切断电源 hunting n. [U]打猎，狩猎(hunt，hunter) 　go hunting 去打猎 　job-hunting/house-hunting 找工作/找房子 lecture n. [C](尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 vi. 讲课，做讲座，演讲 　attend/go to a lecture 听讲座 　deliver a lecture 授课 release vt. 排放，释放；上映(电影)，发行(CD、书等)，发布(新闻等) n. [U][可用单数]释放，宣泄；发行，发布 　release...from... 从……中放出…… remove vt. 移走，搬走，去掉；去除；脱去 　remove...from... 从……移走/搬走/去掉…… reserve n. [C](野生生物)保护区；[常用复数]储藏(量) vt. 预订(book)；储存，保留(n. reservation) 　a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区 solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的，太阳的 　solar energy/panels 太阳能/太阳能电池板 　the solar calendar 阳历 staff n. [C][集体名词]员工；全体职员 　staff members (AmE)职工 supply n. [C]煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)，供应(量)，供给量；[复数]补给品，生活必需品 vt. 供应，供给，提供 　supply and demand 供应与需求 　emergency supplies 应急物资 　supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 三级词汇 adopt vt. 采用，采取(某种方法)，采纳 vt.& vi. 领养 campaign n. [C](宣传)活动；(政治、商业、社会)运动；战役 vt.& vi. 参加运动；领导运动 　launch a campaign 发起一项运动 establish vt. 建立，创立，设立(set up)；确立，立足 false adj. 不正确的，错误的；假的，不真实的；人造的(artificial) fortunately adv. [句子副词]幸运地，幸亏(luckily)(fortune，fortunate，unfortunate，unfortunately) majority n. [常用单数]多数，大多数(人或物)(反minority) permission n. [U]许可，允许(v. permit) 　with your permission 如蒙允许 severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的；严厉的；恶劣的 　severe competition 激烈的竞争 shark n. [C]鲨(鱼) target vt. [常用于被动语态]把……作为目标/对象 n. [C]对象，靶子；目标(goal) urge vt. [正式用语]竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促，力劝；鞭策，驱赶 n. [C]强烈的欲望，迫切的需要(desire) 　urge sb. to do sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事 　urge＋that...(should) do sth. 催促/力劝……(应该)做某事 二级词汇 brochure n. [C]小册子，资料(或广告)手册 cruelty n. [U]残忍，残酷，残暴(adj. cruel；反kindness) drought n. [U]&[C]干旱，旱灾(adj. dry) fog n. [C]&[U]雾(mist)；[非正式用语]迷惘，困惑 　thick fog 浓雾 highlight vt. 使……突出，使注意力集中于；使醒目 n. [C]最精彩的场面/部分 leak vt.& vi. (使)漏，(使)渗漏；(使)泄漏 n. [C]漏洞；裂缝；透露，泄露 plug n. [C](电)插头，[口语]插座；栓，塞子 vt. 给……接通电源；堵塞，封堵 presentation n. [C]&[U]报告，(观点的)陈述，说明；展示会，介绍会；授予，颁发(v. present) *renewable adj. (能源)可更新的，可恢复的，可再生的；可延期的 　renewable energy/resources 可再生能源/资源 restore vt. 使恢复，修复 *reusable adj. 可再度使用的，可多次使用的 sustainable adj. 可持续的，不破坏环境的 　sustainable development 可持续发展 一级词汇 *appliance n. [C]家用电器，家用器具 　electrical/household appliances 电器/家用电器 canteen n. [C](工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 extinction n. [U]灭绝，绝种(adj. extinct) 　in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝 infection n. [U]感染；[C]传染病 mode n. [C](机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式 scare vt. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬，使害怕(frighten) 　scare...away/off 把……吓跑 　be scared/frightened/afraid of 害怕…… slide n. [C]幻灯片；滑(动)，滑道，滑梯；衰落(slid，slid)vi.& vt. (使)滑行，滑动；(使)快捷而悄声地移动(slip) smog n. [U]&[C]雾霾，烟雾 stand-by adj. 备用的；(票)候补的 　stand-by mode 待机模式 ◆背核心短语 1．in fear恐惧，担心 2．be scared/frightened/afraid of害怕…… 3．due to由于，因为 4．cut off切断；阻断；隔绝 5．have an effect on/upon对……有影响 6．see...as...把……看作…… 7．the other way round相反的情况 8．mistake...for...把……误认为…… 9．break down分解 10．take...into account把……考虑进去 ◆背单元语块 1．the opening scene开场画面 2．win many awards赢得众多奖项 3．make things worse使情况变得更糟糕 4．cause a deep change in him引起了他内心的深刻转变 5．from that day on从那天起 6．protect them from extinction保护它们免遭灭绝 7．raise awareness of...提高对……的意识 8．take steps to do sth.采取行动做某事 9．be half true不完全正确 10．greenhouse gases温室气体 11．be bad for对……有害 12．go into stand-by mode进入待机状态 13．the power supply电源 14．in some cases在某些情况下 15．environmental awareness环保意识 ◆句式表达 1．句式：形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 2．句式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语(being done) Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. 看到鲨鱼被杀使本奇利有了深刻的改变。 3．句式：it takes sb./sth. some time to do It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. 塑料需要几百年才能分解，但纸张分解所需的时间则要短得多。 4．句式：倍数表达 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 5．句式：强调句型 It is the production of food，not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. 大部分能源的消耗和温室气体的产生源于食物的生产，而非运输过程。 6．句式：be worth doing But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green. 但是，值得核实一下人们公认的想法和意见，看看什么才是真正环保的。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．a TV program ____________ at environmental protection 把环境保护作为目标的电视节目 2．have a positive ____________ towards life 对生活持有积极的态度 3．the Atlantic ____________ 大西洋 4．____________ the major problems facing society today 强调当今社会所面临的主要问题 targeted attitude Ocean highlight 5．emotionally ____________ children 感情上受伤害的孩子 6．the water ____________ 供水 7．____________ weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 8．a ____________ hall 演讲厅 9．a ____________ argument 错误的论据 10．an ____________ of money 一笔钱 11．an ____________ price 平均价格 damaged supply severe lecture false amount average 第二组　拓展词汇 1．fortune n．幸运→____________ adj.幸运的→____________ adv.幸运地 2．extinct adj.灭绝的→____________ n．灭绝，绝种 3．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→____________ n．奉献，献身→____________ adj.献身的，忠诚的 4．cruel adj.残忍的→____________ n．残忍，残酷，残暴 5．affect v．影响→____________ n．影响，喜爱 fortunate fortunately extinction devotion devoted cruelty affection 6．adopt v．采取(某种方法)→____________ adj.收养的，领养的；移居的→____________ n．采用；收养 7．infect vt.传染，感染→____________ n．感染，传染病→____________ adj.有传染性的 8．permit v．允许 n．许可证→____________ n．允许，许可 9．major adj.主要的，重要的 v．主修→____________ n．多数，大多数(人或物) adopted adoption infection infective permission majority 10．electricity n．电→____________ adj.电的，用电的 →____________ adj.用电的，发电的 11．remove v．移走，搬走，去掉→____________ n． 免职；移动；消除；搬迁 12．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→____________ adj.紧急的 electric electrical removal urgent 13．concern n．关心，担心v.使关心；和……有关→____________ adj.焦急的，担忧的→____________ prep.关于 14．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)→____________ n．贡献，捐献 concerned concerning contribution 第三组　重点短语 1．________________ 恐惧，担心 2．___________________________ 害怕…… 3．________________ 由于，因为 4．________________ 切断；阻断；隔绝 5．______________________ 对……有影响 6．________________ 把……看作…… in fear be scared/frightened/afraid of due to cut off have an effect on/upon see...as... 7．___________________ 相反的情况 8．________________ 把……误认为…… 9．________________ 分解 10．________________ 把……考虑进去 the other way round mistake...for... break down take...into account 第四组　课文佳句 1．Some people stopped swimming in the sea, ____________________________________________.有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。(形容词短语作状语) 2．Benchley ________________________ and this caused a deep change in him.看到鲨鱼被杀使本奇利有了深刻的改变。(see＋宾语＋being done) afraid of the horrible creature from the film saw sharks being killed 3．______________________________________________，but much less time for paper.塑料需要几百年才能分解，但纸张分解所需的时间则要短得多。(it takes sb./sth.some time to do) 4．However, making a paper bag uses ___________________________ making a plastic bag and up to ________________________________.然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。(倍数句型) It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down four times as much energy as three times the amount of water 5．______________________________________________ uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.大部分能源的消耗和温室气体的产生源于食物的生产，而非运输过程。(强调句型) 6．But ________________________ common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.但是，值得核实一下人们公认的想法和意见，看看什么才是真正环保的。(be worth doing) It is the production of food，not its transport，that it's worth checking 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher's office after the award ____________ (present). 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual ____________ (reserve). presentation reservations 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, ____________ (sustain) and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We've been ____________ (fortune) to have got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body. sustainable fortunate 5．(北师必修第三册U7)Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner's ____________ (permit), while others see this as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression. permission Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．(2021·全国乙卷)________________________________ (由于日益流行) of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 2．Is it the years when you worked in the factory that ________________________________________ (对你的文学作品有影响)? Due to the growing popularity have an effect upon your literary works 3．Though the program was well-designed，cooperation between the two companies eventually ________________ (破裂) because neither of them was willing to make a compromise. 4．I'd appreciate it if you can _________________________________ (考虑我的建议). I do hope my tips will be helpful to you. 5．Without access to the Internet, they found themselves ________________________________ (与外界隔绝了). broke down take my suggestions into account cut off from the outside world Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．(2021·全国甲卷)我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。 ____________________________________ all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. 2．快到半夜时我才回到家，又渴又累。 I was back at home at almost midnight, ________________________． It took us about 3 hours to go thirsty and tired 3．杰西卡付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍，所以我相信她这次能成功。 Jessica devoted ________________________________________ she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. three times as much time and energy as 核心考点 互动探究 1.devote v．致力，献身，倾注 ①I still remember what you have devoted to ____________ (improve) our oral English and English writing. ②(译林选必二U2)Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and ____________ (devote) can lead to sporting excellence. improving devotion ③He ________________________ (致力于) community activities and was praised by the people around. →__________________________________________， he was praised by the people around. (现在分词短语作状语) →________________________________， he was praised by the people around. (过去分词短语作状语) devoted himself to Devoting himself to community activities Devoted to community activities (1)devote...to...把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to致力于；献身于 (2)devoted adj.忠实的；挚爱的 be devoted to专心于；致力于 (3)devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚 2.reduce v．减少，降低 ①Studies have shown that indoor plants can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood, ____________ (reduce) stress and helping their memory. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators，resulting in soil improvement and carbon ____________ (reduce). reducing reduction ③(北师选必四U12)My expectations were reduced ____________ zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus. ④他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落到以乞讨为生的境地。(细节描写) His life in the big city was hard and finally he _____________________ __________________________． to was reduced to begging for a living (1)reduce...by...把……减少了…… reduce...to...把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态 be reduced to陷入某种境地(to为介词) (2)reduction n．降低；减少 3.urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n．冲动；强烈的欲望 ①The whole class is discussing a newspaper article that urges citizens ____________ (help) reduce the noise and air pollution of the city. ②Our teacher urged that we ________________ (study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. ③Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of ____________ (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately. to help (should) study urgency ④(译林选必三U4)There are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in __________ (urge) need of protection. ⑤一看到那么多人，汤姆感到很尴尬，但他抑制住了想跑下台的冲动。(心理描写) At the sight of so many people, Tom was embarrassed, but he ________________________________________． urgent fought the urge to run off the stage (1)urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张……(应该)做某事 (2)have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 in urgent need of 急需 (4)urgency n．紧急；催促 4.contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献；投稿 ①(人教选必二U2)They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute ____________ the economy and further strengthen our country. ②(北师选必二U6)Some advertisements nowadays aim to make a ____________ to society and welfare. to contribution ③把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(建议信) Doing small things well ______________________________________ _________________________________ in the future. contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges (1)contribute sth.to...把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 (2)contribution n．捐款；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献 5.average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，平常的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 ①It is said that the time spent on computer games by Tom is more than four hours a day ____________ average. ②(2021·浙江卷)Today's children spend _________________________ _______________ (平均四个半小时) a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. on an average of four and a half hours ③从人群中找到吉姆并不困难，因为他的身高在平均水平之上。(肖像描写) It is not difficult ____________________________________________ ________________． to pick out Jim among the crowd because his height is above average (1)an average of平均(后跟数词) (2)on (the) average 平均起来 above/below (the) average高于/低于平均水平 6.due to 由于，因为 ①(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due ____________ being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. ②The bus was due ____________ (arrive) at 5：00 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to ____________ (hold) up by the heavy fog. to to arrive being held ③我要感谢您，没有你的帮助，我的英语不可能进步这么大。(感谢信) __________________________________________________________________________________________(非限制性定语从句) My thanks are due to you, without whose help I would not make great progress in English. be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/某人；应付给某人…… be due to do sth.预计做某事，预定要做某事 [名师点津]　表示 “由于，因为”的短语还有because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, in consequence of, as a consequence/result of等。 7.take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去 ①(译林选必四U2)Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts ____________ their emotions and empathize with them. ②The professor warned the students that ____________ (绝对不能) should they use mobile phones in his class. for on no account ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)总之，我真诚地希望您能考虑到我上面所说的。(建议信) To sum up，it's my sincere hope that you can ____________________ ________________________________． take what I've stated above into account (1)account vt.认为是；视为 n．说明；报告；客户；账目；账户 account for... 是……的原因；解释；占……(比例) give an account of 说明；对……进行描述 (2)on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装) 8.形容词(短语)作状语 [教材原句]　Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. ____________ (fortunate), there is no magic list I can offer. Unfortunately ②(北师选必一U3)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, ____________ (tire) and angry? ③他无法控制自己的愤怒，气得冲出房间，狠狠地摔上门。(动作＋情绪描写) ________________________________， he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him. tired Unable to contain his anger (1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 9.倍数句型 [教材原句]　However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 ①This city is almost twice ____________ size of that city. ②The number of students now in this school is four times ____________ it was ten years ago. the what ③正在建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be ________________ the present one. →The new stadium being built will be ________________ than the present one. →The new stadium being built will be ___________________________ the present one. three times as big as three times bigger three times the size of (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍” 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I feel an urge ________________ (express) my different voice，hoping that this wouldn't offend you. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an ________________ (establish) trail. to express established 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) ________________ (reduce) loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute ____________ some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. to reduce to 5．Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”， many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to ____________ (achieve) sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. 6．To avoid ________________ (affect), the student insists that he be separated from his deskmate, who is very naughty. 7．(北师选必一U3)Over the last decade, ____________ average of 2, 500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents. achieving being affected an 8．Due to the fact that Ryan was ____________ (severe) injured in the car accident, he was immediately sent to the ICU. 9．You are supposed to take your personality ____________ account and figure out what kind of jobs would suit you. 10．In order to ease the traffic pressure, huge amounts of money ________________(spend) on the new highways this year. severely into were spent 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.________ A．大批，大量　　B．洪水，洪灾　　C．洪水般涌现 A 2．(2022·浙江卷)The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.________ A．出故障 B．打破 C．分解 3．(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.________ A．移开，拿开 B．使离开 C．开除 B B 维度3　完成句子/句式升级/一句多译 1．并不是每个人都能意识到某些种类的垃圾需要花费许多年才能分解。(take) Not everyone realizes that ____________________________________ __________________________________________________． it takes many years for some kinds of garbage to break down 2．好的意见值得坚持，因为它们能让我们所有人受益。(worth) Good opinions ________________________ because they can benefit us all. 3．She suddenly appeared in front of me and seemed happy and satisfied. →________________________， she suddenly appeared in front of me.(形容词短语作状语) are worth sticking to Happy and satisfied 4．Because I am devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge. →________________________ every day, I have learned much knowledge.(过去分词短语作状语) →________________________________ every day, I have learned much knowledge.(现在分词短语作状语) Devoted to my study Devoting myself to studying 5．正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的四倍高。(倍数句型) →The teaching building being built now is _______________________ that one. →The teaching building being built now is _______________________ that one. →The teaching building being built now is _______________________ that one. four times as high as four times higher than four times the height of 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Actions for a Greener Earth April 22nd is the World Earth Day. On this special day, we 1.________________________________________________ (强烈要求所有人为一个更加绿色的地球行动起来). urge everyone to act for a greener Earth Firstly, take public transport 2._____________________________ _________ (减少温室气体的排放), 3.___________________________ _______________________ [严重的环境污染的一个主要原因(非限制性定语从句)]. Secondly, 4.________________________ (使用可重复使用的袋子 )instead of plastic ones to avoid white pollution. Saving electricity is also important to save the Earth. When our appliance is off, remember 5.____________________________________________ (把插座从电源上拔下来). By adopting above methods, everyone can contribute to a greener Earth. to reduce the release of greenhouse gases which are a major cause of severe air pollution use reusable bags to remove the plug from its power supply 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 心理描写 scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的 concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的 动作描写 dive v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 devote v．致力，献身，倾注 highlight v．使……突出，使注意力集中于 damage v．破损，损害，损伤 affect v．影响 release v．释放，排放 leak v．(使)漏，(使)渗漏 urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 contribute to 有助于，促成 其他描写词汇 fortunately adv.幸运地 cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 桥的高度让我非常害怕，我双腿发抖。深受小女儿的影响，我低声对自己说：“勇敢是最重要的品质。”身边的丈夫很担心我，一直抓着我的胳膊。我力劝自己树立信心，释放压力，然后走到了22米高的吊桥上。幸运的是，我不再恐惧。是我女儿的勇敢帮助了我，并促成了我的成功。 1．________________________________，my legs trembled. 2._____________________________________，I whispered to myself，“Bravery was the most significant quality.” My husband beside me 3.__________________________，grabbing my arm all the time. 4.____________________________________，I released my pressure and walked on the 22-meter-high suspension bridge. Fortunately, I was no longer overcome by fear. 5.__________________________________ ____________________________________ (强调句型). Scared by the height of the bridge Deeply affected by my little daughter was concerned about me Urging myself to build up confidence It was my daughter's bravery that helped me and contributed to my success 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖北六校期中)Soot (煤烟) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit. “It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting.” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming. When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing.“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，这些年，人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，由此引发思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 2 3 1 4 1．What are the feelings expressed in Khan's words in paragraph 2? A．Doubt and concern. B．Confidence and courage. C．Anger and disappointment. D．Optimism and certainty. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据第二段中的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting.”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑碳足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。 2 3 1 4 2．Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica? A．Burnt plants. B．Tourist vehicles. C．Black carbon elsewhere. D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.”可知，南极洲煤烟的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．What does Nagorski say about soot? A．It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise. B．It is increasing in amount because of wind. C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight. D．It is like a big mirror on Earth. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故选A。 2 3 1 4 4．What might Khan do in the future? A．Help design scientific research regulations. B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation. C．Collect more data about Antarctica. D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this ... for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。 B (2024·山东济南模拟)There is nothing quite like enjoying the sights, sounds and culture of a city while tasting a cup of coffee outdoors. But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city. An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko, an Israeli(以色列的) company, began to be tested in Tel Aviv. The sweltering city is a perfect place to try the new technology. With global warming heating up the temperature, it will soon be too hot to sit outside in cafes. While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while, most of them use some sort of water or misting system to cool the air around them, consuming too much water and power. After two years of development, the perfect solution to the problem was found. “We have invented a new generation of air conditioner，” Kinonko CEO Leizer said. As Leizer introduced, the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen(氮) and gas nitrogen. When liquid nitrogen at－196 degrees turns into gas, it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine. It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it. The technology is unique and amazing. Beyond the coolness of the concept, it also has other advantages. The work unit doesn't need to be power-driven, and doesn't blow out harmful warm air as it works. As for the potential price, it will probably be no more expensive than any other air conditioner. In addition, the liquid nitrogen container will need to be replaced every seven to ten days, depending on usage. This makes it an affordable option for all sorts of businesses. The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统，这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场，使人们在炎热的天气下，能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the underlined word “sweltering” mean in paragraph 1? A．Warm.　　　　　　　 B．Dry. C．Hot. D．Freezing. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city.”可知，这座城市是非常闷热的。由此可知，“The sweltering city”指的是这座闷热的城市，画线词sweltering意为“闷热的”。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6．What problem does the existing outdoor cooling systems have? A．They are wasteful. B．They overheat easily. C．They often break down. D．They are slow to cool the air. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中“While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while, most of them use some sort of water or misting system to cool the air around them, consuming too much water and power.”可知，现在的室外冷却系统消耗过多的水和电力，是比较浪费的。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly explain? A．What powers the engine. B．What turns liquid into gas. C．How the pressure is formed. D．How the new system works. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。根据第三段中“When liquid nitrogen at－196 degrees turns into gas, it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine. It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it.”可知，该段主要描述了这种新的冷却系统是如何运作的。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To promote a company. B．To settle an energy crisis. C．To introduce a technology. D．To market a misting system. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。根据第一段中“An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko, an Israeli company, began to be tested in Tel Aviv.”和最后一段中“The technology is unique and amazing.”及“The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024.”可推知，本文的主要目的是向人们介绍一种新的室外冷却技术。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学表明，运动后拉伸非常有必要，本篇文章介绍了运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1 2 3 4 5 (2023·广东六校联考)Science shows that stretching (伸展) is essential after exercise. Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles. What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress. 1 1 2 3 4 5 A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生有害的副作用”。 1 2 4 5 3 You could feel sick. You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time. While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over. 2 As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast. Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode. 2 4 5 3 1 A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. 答案：E 2 4 5 3 1 根据空前的“it's just as important ...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。 3 4 5 2 1 Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore. When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid (乳酸), which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore. When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid. Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid? 3 Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. 3 4 5 2 1 A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. 答案：B 3 4 5 2 1 空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸。接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答。 4 5 2 3 1 4 Flexibility is closely related to injury risk. Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury. Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints. 5 Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. 4 5 2 3 1 A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. 答案：A 4 5 2 3 1 根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与第二、三段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用；再结合空后的injury risk可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。 4 5 2 3 1 4 Flexibility is closely related to injury risk. Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury. Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints. 5 Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. 4 5 2 3 1 A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. 答案：G 4 5 2 3 1 根据空处前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝关节和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　研究发现，鲨鱼咬人是因为它们把人类误认为海豹。 (2023·湖南名校联考)There's just a 1-in-3，700，000 chance that a person will be killed by 1._______ shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about 2. (be) seen as prey (猎物). Now, new research supports the long-standing theory, 3. explains that it's a case of “mistaken identity” when great whites go in for a bite. 1．考查冠词。句意：一个人被鲨鱼杀死的概率只有三百七十万分之一，但这种恐惧仍然足以让游泳者担心被其视为猎物。shark是可数名词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰，且shark的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案：a 2．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。about是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。故填being。 答案：being 3．考查定语从句。句意：现在，新的研究支持一个存在已久的理论，该理论解释说，大白鲨咬人是 “认错身份”的情况。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为theory，指物，设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。 答案：which A team of biologists 4. (compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming. They then edited the clips to simulate a great white's vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant's point 5. view, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals. 4．考查动词的时态。句意：一组生物学家比较了海豹和人类游泳的视频。设空处作谓语，且句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填compared。 答案：compared 5．考查介词。句意：然后，他们对这些片段进行编辑，模拟大白鲨的视角，发现从海洋生物的角度来看，人类确实与海豹非常相似。from one's point of view是固定短语，意为“从某人的角度看”。故填of。 答案：of “Usually, great white sharks 6. (regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’. However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like 7. (they) food，” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science. 6．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，大白鲨被视为“愚蠢的杀手”和“喜欢吃人”。regard和great white sharks之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；句子描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；且主语great white sharks是复数。故填are regarded。 答案：are regarded 7．考查代词。句意：……我们只是看起来像它们的食物。根据语境可知，此处修饰名词food，表示 “它们的”，故用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 答案：their “They eat seals every day and bites on people are 8.__________ (extreme) rare，” said Catherine Macdonald, a marine scientist at the University of Miami. “So if they're not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they're solving it? 9. (hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent. If that's the case, 10. (addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks.” 8．考查词性转换。句意：迈阿密大学的一位海洋科学家Catherine Macdonald说：“它们每天吃海豹，咬人的情况极为罕见。”设空处修饰形容词rare，应用副词extremely。故填extremely。 答案：extremely 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了击中正确的目标，鲨鱼可以依靠其他感官，比如气味。根据语境可知，设空处用不定式表示目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填To hit。 答案：To hit 10．考查词性转换。句意：如果是这样的话，关于大白鲨如何使用这些感官的进一步研究可能有助于防止更多的攻击。设空处作定语，修饰名词studies，应用形容词additional。故填additional。 答案：additional $$