Unit 3 On the move-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 3　On the move 必修第二册 (主题语境：人与社会——体育运动和健康的生活方式) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 death n．[U]&[C]死，死亡(die，dead) 　a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事 　be bored/scared/frightened to death 无聊得/怕得要死 equipment n. [U]装备，设备，用具；器械；装置(v. equip) power n. [U]力量；能力；控制力；电力(adj. powerful) 四级词汇 available adj. 可获得的，可用的；[不用于名词前](人)有空的 　be available to sb. 可供某人使用的 balance n. [U][常用单数]平衡，均衡；[C][常用单数]余额，余款 vt.& vi. (使)保持平衡；(使)均衡 　keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 bar n. [C]横木，条，杆，棒，块；酒吧，柜台 basis n. [C](pl. bases)根据；基础 　on the basis of 在……的基础上，根据…… 　on a regular basis 定期地，经常地 conflict n. [C]&[U]武装冲突，战斗，战争；分歧，矛盾，冲突 vi. 矛盾，冲突，不一致 　come into conflict with 与……产生矛盾 data n. [U][datum的复数形式；作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数]数据，资料，信息 disappear vi. 消失，不见；灭绝(n. disappearance) display n．[C]显示器；陈列，展览，表演；(特性、情感或能力的)显示，表露 vt. 陈列，展出；显示 　on display 展出(on show) factor n. [C]因素，要素 　the key/major factor 关键/重要因素 goal n. [C]球门；目的，目标(aim)；射门，进球得分 　get/make/score a goal 进球 　set a goal 设定目标 　achieve/attain/reach one's goal 实现目标 inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励；激发，唤起；[常用于被动语态]启发，给……灵感(inspired，inspiring，inspiration) 　inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 involve vt. 包含，需要；使参加；涉及，影响 　involve (doing) sth. 需要(做)某事 　involve sb. in (doing) sth. 让某人参与(做)某事 　be/get involved in/with 参与…… master n. [C]大师，能手；(男)主人；硕士 vt. 精通，掌握 network n. [C]人际关系网，联络网；互联网 　a social network 社交网络 persuade vt. 说服，劝服(talk into)；使相信，使信服(convince) 　persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 　persuade sb. into (doing) sth. 说服某人(做)某事 plastic adj. 塑料制的；可塑的 n. [U]&[C]塑料，塑料制品 response n. [C]&[U]回答，答复；反应 　in response (to) 作为(对……的)回答/反应 setting n. [C](机器、仪器等调控装置的)设定位置，调节点；环境，背景 upper adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的(反lower)；上层/流的 三级词汇 content n. [U]满意，满足 adj. [不用于名词前]满意的，满足的 vt. [正式用语]使满足，使满意 　to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地 　be content with 满足于…… 　(be) content (for sb.) to do sth. 满足于(让某人)做某事 defend vt.& vi. (在比赛中)防守，防卫；防护，防御，保卫 vt. 为……辩护，为……辩解 　defend oneself from/against 保护自己免受…… ideal adj. 理想的，最好的 n. [C]理想，完美的人/事物 monitor vt. 监控，监视，监测 n. [C]监视器，显示器；(学校的)班长 represent vt. 代表；表示，象征；[正式用语]描绘，展现 skip vi.& vt. 跳绳；略过，遗漏 vi. 跳，跳过 vt. [非正式用语]不做(应做的事等) 　skip classes/breakfast 逃课/不吃早餐 soldier n. [C]军人，士兵 二级词汇 ache vi. (持续而隐隐地)作痛(hurt) n. [C]疼痛 champion n. [C](尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名 chart vt. 记录，跟踪(变化或进展)；绘制……的地图(map) n. [C]图，图表；航海图 label n. [C]标签，标记 vt. 贴标签于；用标签标明 lung n. [C]肺 surfing n. [U]冲浪(运动)；(互联网上)冲浪 　go surfing 去冲浪 tension n. [U]紧张，焦虑；[C]&[U]紧张关系(adj. tense) *twist n. [C](形势或事态的)意外转折；转弯；弯曲 vt.& vi. (使)弯曲，(使)扭曲；转动(身体等) vt. 扭伤 vi. 盘绕，蜿蜒 一级词汇 adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的(adjust，adjustment) *assure vt. [多接从句]向……保证，使确信 interpret vt. 了解，理解，解释，阐述 vt.& vi. 口头翻译 sweaty adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的 ultimate adj. [只用于名词前]最后的，(目标等)最终的(adv. ultimately；近final) ◆背核心短语 1．go back追溯到；回溯到 2．to one's heart's content尽情地；心满意足地 3．take...for example以……为例 4．put down放下；写下 5．a matter of life and death生死攸关的事情 6．around the corner在拐角处；即将发生 7．in turn反过来；依次；轮流地 8．raise money集资；筹款 9．save...from...从……中拯救…… 10．die out消失，绝迹，灭绝 ◆背单元语块 1．be known as 被称为；作为……而出名 2．all over the world 世界各地 3．be made of 由……制成 4．end with 以……结束 5．in and off the field 场内外 6．be shaped like... 形状像…… 7．win gold 获得金牌 8．not so long ago 不久前 9．do/take exercise 锻炼 10．for the same purpose 出于同样的目的 11．at times 有时，偶尔 12．be ready to do 准备好做某事 ◆句式表达 1．句式：given that引导条件状语从句 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! 鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想带着足球登月，我们甚至可以说它也是这个世界之外最受欢迎的运动！ 2．句式：as引导方式状语从句 Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules. 我们所了解的现代足球起源于英国，这项运动在那里被赋予了新的规则。 3．句式：that引导主语从句 That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. 足球是一项如此简单的运动，这或许就是它得以流行起来的基础。 4．句式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语 All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags；just like Pelé did when he was a boy. 在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们用塑料袋制作的足球尽情地玩耍，就像贝利小时候那样。 5．句式：whether...or... Whether I'm at the gym or on the road, my nervous energy pushes me through mile one. 不管我是在健身房还是在路上，我紧张的能量推动我走完一英里。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．the most important 最重要的因素 2．a brave 勇敢的士兵 3．a between two cultures 两种文化的冲突 4．an opportunity 绝好的机会 5． resources 可利用的资源 factor　 soldier　 conflict　 ideal　 available　 6．the work of a 名家的作品 7． the meaning of the word 解释单词的含义 8．an in my heart 我心中的隐痛 第二组　拓展词汇 1．base n．根基；基地 v．以……为基础→ n．基础；根据→ adj.(以某事)为基础(或根据等)→ adj.基础的；基本的 master interpret　 ache basis　 based　 basic 2．equip v．配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力→ n． 装备，设备，用具 3．defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫→ n．防护，保护 4．die vi.死，死亡→ adj.死的→ n．死，死亡→ adj.临终的；临死的；垂死的 5．adjust v．调节，调整→ n．调整，调节→ adj.可调整的，可调节的 equipment　 defence 　dead　 death　 dying adjustment　 adjustable　 6．balance n．平衡v.使平衡→ adj.平衡的 7．respond v．应答，回答→ n．回答，答复 8．power n．力量→ adj.强大的；有力的→ adj.无力的；没有能力的 9．tense adj.神经紧张的；担心的n.(动词的)时态→ n．紧张，焦虑 10．appear vi.出现；显得，似乎→ n．出现；外貌→ v．消失，不见→ n．消失 balanced　 response　 powerful　 powerless tension　 appearance　 disappear　 disappearance 11．inspire v．鼓舞，激励→ adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→ adj.鼓舞人心的→ n．鼓舞；灵感 12．persuade v．说服，劝服→ n．说服，劝服→ n．有说服力的 13．champion n．(尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名→____________ n．冠军称号，锦标赛 inspired　 inspiring　 inspiration　 persuasion　 persuasive　 championship 第三组　重点短语 1． 追溯到；回溯到 2． 尽情地，心满意足地 3． 以……为例 4． 放下；写下 5． 生死攸关的事情 go back　 to one's heart's content　 take...for example　 put down　 a matter of life and death　 6． 在拐角处；即将发生 7． 反过来；依次；轮流地 8． 集资，筹款 9． 从……中拯救 10． 消失，绝迹，灭绝 around the corner　 in turn raise money　 save...from...　 die out 第四组　课文佳句 1． Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想带着足球登月，我们甚至可以说它也是这个世界之外最受欢迎的运动！(given that引导条件状语从句) 2．Football started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.我们所了解的现代足球起源于英国，这项运动在那里被赋予了新的规则。(as引导方式状语从句) Given that as we know it today 3． is perhaps the basis of its popularity.足球是一项如此简单的运动，这或许就是它得以流行起来的基础。(that引导的主语从句) 4．All over the world you can to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags；just like Pelé did when he was a boy.在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们用塑料袋制作的足球尽情地玩耍，就像贝利小时候那样。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) That football is such a simple game to play see kids playing 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not (ideal) suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won't result in a useful (respond). ideally　 response 3．(2022·全国乙卷)We could move all the office (equip) at a weekend—do everything at once. 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs. 5．Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (base). equipment　 aching　 basis Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．So far, no one has come up with convincing evidence of why dinosaurs ___________ (灭绝), and it remains a mystery. 2．The dark clouds suggest ______________________________ (大雨即将来临), so we had better start off now. died out a heavy rain is around the corner 3．Only when we __________________________ (放下沉重的压力) can we move forward gracefully. 4．Sunday is our favorite day of the week because then we can sleep __________________ (尽情地). 5．People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ____________________________ (反过来又造成了更多的问题). put down the heavy pressure to our heart's content　 in turn creates further problems Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。 ________________________________ made us very happy. 2．我经过她的座位时，看到她正在读一本小说。 When I passed her seat, I ________________ a novel. 3．考虑到你帮手不多，在这种情况下，我想你已经干得很不错了。 _______________________________， I think you did very well under the circumstances. That our team had won first prize saw her reading　 Given that you had very little help 核心考点 互动探究 1.content n．满意，满足；内容；目录 v．使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的 ①Not content __________ (stay) at home, James set off to see the world at the age of 20. ②We finally reached the top of Mount Huangshan, where we could enjoy the breathtaking view ______________________ (尽情地). to stay　 to our heart's content　 ③当我们学会满足于我们所拥有的东西时，真正的幸福就来了。(主旨升华) True happiness comes when we learn to __________________________ __________________________． (1)feel/be content with 对……满足/满意 be content to do sth.满足于做某事 (2)content oneself with 满足于 (3)to one's heart's content尽情地，心满意足地 be content with/content ourselves with what we have 2.balance n．平衡；天平 v．(使)平衡；权衡 ①Before making the response，you'd better balance the advantages _________ the disadvantages. ②(译林必修第一册U4)She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy __________ (balance) diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. against　 balanced　 ③When I climbed the ladder, I ________________ (失去平衡) and fell down on the ground. ④如果你想拥有快乐的校园生活，你最好在学习与放松之间保持平衡。(建议信) If you want to have a happy school life，you'd better _______________ ____________________________． lost my balance　 keep a balance between study and relaxation (1)keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A与B之间保持平衡 (2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B (3)balanced adj.平衡的 3.involve v．包含，需要；涉及；使参与 ①(北师选必一U3)Factory farming involves ____________ (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. keeping　 ②All the teachers and students _________________________________ _____________________ (积极参与) volunteer work, and they have learned a lot. →_______________________________， all the teachers and students have learned a lot.(过去分词短语作状语) →__________________________________________， all the teachers and students have learned a lot.(现在分词短语作状语) got/were actively involved in/involved themselves actively in　 Actively involved in volunteer work　 Involving themselves actively in volunteer work (1)involve doing sth.包括做某事；需要做某事 involve sb./oneself in sth.使某人参与某事 (2)involved adj.复杂的；涉及的，与……有关联的 get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于，专心于 [名师点津]　involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。如an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。 4.power n．力量；权力；能力；动力 v．推动，驱动 ①(译林必修第三册U3)The Internet has the power ____________ (connect) people across the world to a single shared community. ②(译林选必三U4)Natural disasters, the sudden and ____________ (power)natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites. to connect　 powerful　 ③I'm terribly sorry that it's __________ my power to get through all the work in such a short time. ④As your closest friend, I will try my best to help you out of your trouble. →As your closest friend, I will _________________________________ out of your trouble. beyond　 do everything/all in my power to help you (1)be in power 执政 come to power (开始)掌权；上台执政 (2)within one's power 在某人能力范围之内 beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及 do everything/all in one's power (to do)尽力而为(做某事) (3)powerful adj.强大的；有影响力的 5.inspire v．鼓舞，激励 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide ____________ (inspire) and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ②(译林必修第二册U2)Just as importantly，practising tai chi has inspired me ____________ (explore) the Chinese culture behind it. ③是他鼓励的话语激起了汤姆的信心。(细节描写) ______________________________________________________________________________(强调句) inspiration　 to explore　 It was his inspiring remarks that inspired confidence in Tom/inspired Tom with confidence. (1)inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 inspire sb.with sth.＝inspire sth.in sb.激起/引起某人的…… (2)inspiration n．启发灵感的人(或事物)；灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物) inspired adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的；激励的 6.persuade v．说服，劝服；使相信，使信服 ①(译林选必二U1)Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people _____ purchasing their products or services. into ②We have no idea how to persuade him not (stick) with his unrealistic plan. →We had no idea how to his unrealistic plan. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我把手放在他的背上，说服他参加跑步。 I put my palm on his back and _________________________________ _____________________ the run. to stick persuade him out of sticking with persuaded him to take part in/ persuaded him into taking part in (2)persuade sb.of sth.使某人信服某事 persuade sb.that...使某人相信…… (3)persuasion n．说服，劝服 7.die out消失，绝迹，灭绝 ①(北师选必三U9)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died _________ the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. ②The thunder and lightning died _______， replaced by heave rain. from/of　 away　 ③Although the wind died ________ completely, the air was still as cold as before. ④随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在灭绝。(倡议书) With the living environment becoming worse and worse，___________ ___________________________． down　 many of the earth's species are dying out (1)die away (声音或光线等)逐渐减弱，渐渐消失 die down (风或噪声等)逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die of/from...死于…… (2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.渴望做某事 8.given that引导条件状语从句 [教材原句]　Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想带着足球登月，我们甚至可以说它也是这个世界之外最受欢迎的运动！ ①(译林选必二U4)____________ (consider) there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the future of VR? Considering　 ②____________ (suppose) that you listen to the doctor and do as he/she tells you, you'll get better soon. ③鉴于您对中国的传统节日——端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍一下它。(传统节日) __________________________________________________，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you. Supposing　 Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival given that作连词，引导条件状语从句，可根据语境意为“假如，如果，考虑到，鉴于，只要，在……的情况下”。其他可以引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有： considering (that) 考虑到 supposing (that) 假设；如果 assuming (that) 假使 as long as 只要 on condition that 条件是 in case 万一，如果 providing (that) 只要，如果 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)When Derek built our family house about eight years ago，I was heavily _________ (involve)，painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. 2．(2021·全国乙卷)Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries ____________ (disappear). involved　 to disappear　 3．Having ____________ (balance) meals is very important, especially for teens who are growing up. 4．(北师选必一U3)Although it is not unusual for species to die ______ naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 5．Our motherland is getting more and more ____________ (power). This is why we can get protection whenever we run into danger abroad. balanced　 out　 powerful　 6．With ____________ (inspire) from other food cultures, American food culture can take a turn for the better. 7．In their efforts to persuade us ________ (buy) this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses. 8．____________ (equip) with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain with great effort. inspiration　 to buy　 Equipped　 9．Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that，_____ turn，leads to climate change. 10．On International Children's Day, the children can forget all the troubles, laughing ____ their hearts' content. in　 to 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.________ A．(容器等)容纳的东西 B．含量 C．内容 A　 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.________ A．正式提出(意见、抗议等) B．代表 C．展示 C　 3．As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”．________ A．牵涉，牵连 B．需要 C．参加，加入 B 维度3　完成句子 1．他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。(主语从句) ______________________________________________ surprised us all. 2．看到那些运动员竭尽全力冲过终点线真是令人兴奋。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) It is really exciting to ___________________________________ with all their efforts. That he finished the composition in such a short time see those athletes cross the finishing line 3．考虑到你已经尽全力了，就没必要后悔了。(given that) _______________________________， there is no need to regret. 4．通过这次活动，我感到我能够承担起责任，这次活动也让我们更加坚强，更加坚定。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and it also __________________________________． Given that you have tried your best　 makes us stronger and more determined　 5．如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然取得的还是计划之中的，我们今天所了解的世界都将是一个完全不同的地方。(whether...or...) Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, _______________________， the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. whether lucky or planned 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Helen， Thank you for letting me know what your after-school life is like. I'm glad to share my favorite sport with you. I 1._______________________________ (参与羽毛球运动).As a child，I was deeply impressed by a great badminton player in China, 2._____________________________[激励我像他一样(非限制性定语从句)].Through this sport I have learnt 3._________________________ _____________ (如何保护自己免受伤害)when playing badminton and 4.______________________________________ (在学习和放松之间保 am involved in playing badminton who inspired me to be like him how to defend myself against being injured keep a balance between study and relaxation 持平衡).Besides, 5.__________________________________________ ___________________________________________ [打羽毛球不仅能让我尽情地享受运动带来的快乐(not only置于句首引起的倒装)]，it also helps improve my confidence.More importantly，it makes my life enjoyable. I hope we both have a more enjoyable life. Yours， Li Hua not only does playing badminton make me enjoy the happiness brought by sports to my heart's content 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 动作描写 defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫 conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争 v．冲突 monitor v．监视，监测 response n．回答，答复→respond v．回答，作出反应 disappear v．消失，不见 persuade v．说服，劝服 动作描写 inspire v．鼓舞，激励 skip v．跳绳 ache v．(持续而隐隐地)作痛 人物描写 sweaty adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的 available adj.有空的；可用的，可获得的 champion n．(尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名 心理描写 tension n．紧张，焦虑 ideal adj.理想的，最好的 content n．满足，满意 adj.满足的，满意的 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 直到那时，我才知道了真相——我的家庭需要钱。我用汗淋淋的手紧紧地攥着钞票，心痛不已。我感到很羞愧，我的手开始颤抖。我说服了自己把钱贡献给我的家人。我把手伸进口袋，拿出钱，在我爸爸有空的时候把钱给了他。我的紧张消失了，我对自己很满意。我学到的是成长的真正意义，从那时起我被激励要更加努力地学习。 Only then did I know the truth—my family was in need of money. I wrapped my sweaty hands tightly around the bills and 1. . Shame conquered me as my hands started to tremble. I 2.____________ _____________________________________. Reaching into my pocket，I took out the money and gave my dad the money 3. ______________ _________. 4. _______________________，and I 5. _______________ _____________. What I learned was the true meaning of growing up and from then on I 6. ________________________． my heart ached persuaded myself to contribute the money to my family when he was available My tension disappeared was content with myself was inspired to work harder 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖北黄石联考)When she returned home that year，she was given an enthusiastic welcome in the same hall.Many hands stretched out to her，and many cameras focused on her.A reporter with glasses kept pestering her with the question：What do you like best? She was wondering how to respond when she caught sight of a bunch of flowers. Then she said，“Flowers！”Following her remarks，more flowers were at once presented to her，too many for her to hold.During the past two years，she had participated in many international competitions and brought back one shining medal after another.What she got in return was all smiles，flowers and camera flashes.Was it because of this that she became preoccupied with winning? The more she won，the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing.So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure.The mind could control physical pains but could not free itself from mental strain easily. This time when she was a little off balance on the horizontal bar (单杠), she became so worried that she lost self-control and fell off.This failure was followed by several more in other events. Afterwards in order to avoid people at the airport，she trailed along behind the team. She found that very few people greeted her and reporters seemed to shun her. However hard she tried，she couldn't turn the tide；she was a complete failure. Indeed，who would side with a failure? All of a sudden，she saw a pair of shoes in front of her.Who could it be? She raised her bent head slowly and saw a navy blue suit，long legs，and then a clear fair face.Before her stood the stewardess with her hands behind her back，speaking with a smile，“I watched your performance on the television.I knew you would come home today.So I am here especially to welcome you.” “I did very poorly” she said and lowered her head again. “No. You did your best.” “But I failed.” “Nobody can avoid failure. I believe failure is as important to you as success. Failure belongs to the past，and victory is the future.” The stewardess's voice came gentle but firm. Hearing these words，the girl raised her head.The stewardess held out her hands from behind her back with a large bouquet of colorful flowers，and presented it to the girl.The strong fragrance seemed to turn into a magic，powerful current that went through her body.She was moved to tears.Flowers are usually given to victorious heroes.Why to the disgraced loser? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个运动员既有成功，又有失败的故事。作者旨在告诉读者没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。 2 3 1 4 1．What does the underlined word“pestering”mean in paragraph 1? A．Greeting.　　　　　　　 B．Annoying. C．Inquiring. D．Concerning. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，她胜利归来，受到热烈欢迎，许多人向她伸出手来，许多相机对着她，一个戴眼镜的记者一直缠着她问：你最喜欢什么？故B项正确。 2 3 1 4 2．According to the text, what contributed to her winning medals before? A．She had received many smiles，flowers and camera flashes. B．She was passionate about walking on the horizontal bar. C．Her mind was free from excessive anxiety about failure. D．She was in good physical condition. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The more she won ...mental strain easily.”和第二段的第一句可推知，她之前赢得奖牌的原因是她在思想上没有对失败的过度焦虑，故选C项。 2 3 1 4 3．What may be her strongest emotion after she failed? A．Ashamed. B．Stressed. C．Miserable. D．Grief-stricken. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Afterwards in order ...behind the team.”以及第四段中的“she said and lowered her head again”可推知，失败后，她最强烈的情感是羞愧。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the main message the writer tries to convey? A．Action is worry's worst enemy. B．The winners laugh and the losers weep. C．Excessive pressure will become a burden. D．Success is never final and failure is never fatal. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后两段可知，本文通过叙述一个运动员既有成功又有失败的故事表达了鲜花可以送英雄，但失败者也值得被尊重，即没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。 B (2023·浙江丽水质检)Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history. The skull，which scientists have named“Mrs.Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus. It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old. This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs.Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived. For this reason，scientists decided that，Australopithecus afarensis，a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor instead. To get a more accurate age of Mrs.Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth's surface.Once rocks are buried，these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface. The new study shows that Mrs.Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives，so that either group could have given rise to modern humans.However，team member Dr. Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2，500 miles away，these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨，改变了人们对人类历史的认知。本文介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了不同人对新研究结果的不同看法等。 5 6 7 8 5．What can we learn about Mrs.Ples from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa. B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans. C．It is a million years older than scientists expected. D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have solved ...than experts thought.”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的时间比专家们认为的要早100万年。 5 6 7 8 6．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs.Ples”？ A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays. B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals. C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay. D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the ...were on the surface.”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs.Ples的年龄：岩石暴露在地表时，这些化学物质便以稳定的速度形成，一旦被掩埋，则会停止形成并慢慢消失。故选D。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we infer from the new study? A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa. B．Mrs.Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives. C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago. D．Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据尾段，尤其是尾段最后两句可知，在数百万年的时间里，在仅仅2 500英里之外的地方，这些群体有足够的时间远行并彼此繁衍；即这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类猿物种可能互相交流。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Puzzle Unsolved B．Ancestor Mystery Solved C．Mrs.Ples：The Earliest Human Being D．Mrs.Ples：A Famous Skull 答案：B 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出“科学家们已解开了一个关于现代人的谜”；接着全文围绕此主旨句展开，介绍了Mrs.Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测Mrs.Ples年龄的方法等。故B项最适合作文章的标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·浙江嘉兴测试)Our savings ran out and we were going to lose our house.We had to move into Grandpa's house，which had been old and beyond 1 when Grandpa Mac was living.Now that the place had been 2 for more than five years，it became much worse. The roof seemed to leak 3 . Hundreds of thousands of footsteps had 4 the finish (末道漆) off the hardwood floors.One of the doors on the kitchen cupboards was broken and it 5 open forever.Worst of all，the white paint on the walls was beginning to fall but there was 6 nothing we could do about that. Joe and I both tried to be 7 around Kelly as we packed to move. She was only three.As long as we didn't give her the wrong 8 she wouldn't notice the poor condition of her new home. One evening，I walked out into the backyard to 9 the heavy heat in the house. 10 there wasn't any air conditioning.Kelly was busy 11 the dandelions (蒲公英) in the yard.She smiled when she saw me and ran over to give me a bright yellow bunch.“We have 12 in the yard，Mommy.Most people just have grass，”she said.“We also have pretty butterflies.This must be the 13 place in the whole world to live.” I suddenly 14 things were not that bad.It took a three-year-old to teach me how to see something to be 15 for in our new home. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。由于存款用完，作者一家不得不搬到破旧不堪的老房子居住，但三岁大的女儿发现了新居的美，这使作者意识到自己的现状并没有那么糟糕，自己的新家也有值得感激的地方。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.control B．repair C．recognition D．comparison 答案：B 根据前面的“which had been old”可知，该空应填repair。beyond repair“不能修复”。 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 2．A.empty B．noisy C．secret D．busy 答案：A 根据上文可知，在祖父居住的时候房子已经老化而且年久失修。由此可推断，房子现在是空的，所以更加糟糕。empty“空的”。 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 14 15 3．A.for no reason B．in every respect C．on no account D．at any moment 答案：D 上文提到房子年久失修，根据常识可知，屋顶看似会随时漏雨。at any moment为固定短语，意为“随时”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 4．A.worn B．kept C．cut D．cleared 答案：A 此处指老房子的硬木地板也因为被踩的次数太多而掉了末道漆。wear“磨出(洞)，磨损，消耗，用旧”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 5．A.proved B．felt C．grew D．stood 答案：D 根据该句话中的broken和open forever并结合语境可知，该空应填stood，指厨房橱柜上的一扇门坏了而永远开着。stand在此为系动词，后接形容词open作表语。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 6．A.hardly B．simply C．suddenly D．occasionally 答案：B 此处指墙上的白漆开始脱落，但作者他们对此“确实无能为力”。simply“确实；仅仅，只，不过”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 7．A.brave B．friendly C．energetic D．cheerful 答案：D 上文提到作者和丈夫的存款用光了，不得不搬到破烂不堪的老房子里居住，他们的心情会很糟糕，由该句话中的tried to可知，作者夫妇在孩子面前尽力表现得高兴(cheerful)。故选D。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 8．A.warning B．answer C．message D．lesson 答案：C 作者夫妇不想影响仅仅3岁的女儿的心情，他们不想将这一糟糕的信息传给女儿。故C项message符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 9．A.escape B．defeat C．release D．absorb 答案：A 根据常识可知，作者走出房子到后院是为了躲避屋子里的酷热。escape“(从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱，逃避”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 10．A.Probably B．Accidentally C．Naturally D．Consequently 答案：C 因为是多年没住人的老房子，没有空调是自然的。naturally“自然地，当然地”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 11．A.planting B．picking C．watering D．observing 答案：B 根据下文中的give me a bright yellow bunch可知，女儿此刻正在院子里采摘蒲公英。pick“采，摘”，符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 12．A.flowers B．insects C．seats D．trees 答案：A 根据常识并结合下文女儿所说的话“Most people just have grass”可知，此处是指院子里有花。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 13．A.quietest B．safest C．nicest D．cleanest 答案：C 在3岁的女儿看来，院子里有花有蝴蝶，这是世界上最好的居住之地，故选C。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 14．A.confirmed B．declared C．recalled D．realized 答案：D 听了女儿的一番话，作者突然意识到事情不是那么糟糕。realize“意识到”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 15．A.eager B．grateful C．concerned D．responsible 答案：B 根据上文可知，此处指3岁的女儿教会了作者如何在自己的新家看到值得感激的东西。grateful“感激的”，符合语境。 $$