Unit 6 At one with nature-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 6　At one with nature 必修第一册 (主题语境：人与自然——自然生态) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 benefit n．[C]&[U]好处，益处；利益 vt.& vi. 有益于；受益(adj. beneficial) 　be of benefit to 对……有益(be beneficial to) 　for sb.'s benefit/for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益 　benefit from 受益于 design vt. 设计；绘制；[常用于被动语态](为某种特定目的)计划，设计(n. designer) n. [U]&[C]设计，图样，图案；计划，目的，意图 energy n. [U]活力，干劲；能量，能源；[复数]精力，力量 　full of energy 充满活力 　apply/devote/put one's energies into/to sth. 把精力投入某事中 inside adv. 在(建筑物、房间)内；在/向里面；在心里(反outside) adj. 内部的，里面的 prep. 在……的里面 n. [C]内部，内侧 　inside out 里面朝外地 living adj. 活的，活着的(反dead)；[只用于名词前]在使用的 n. [C]&[U]生活，生计 　make/earn a living 谋生，度日(earn one's living) material n. [C]&[U][常用复数]材料，原料；布料；[U]素材 adj. [只用于名词前]物质的，实际的 prevent vt. 阻挡，防止，预防(n. prevention) 　prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事 publish vt. 出版，发行 vt.& vi. 刊登/发表(作品)(publisher, publishing) system n. [C]系统；体系，体制，制度 therefore adv. [正式用语][置于句首、句中]因此，由此(thus) 四级词汇 agriculture n. [U]农业；农学(adj. agricultural) beauty n. [U]美，美丽；[C]美人，美好的事物 　inner beauty 内在美 branch n. [C]树枝，枝条；分部，分支，支流，支脉 channel n. [C]海峡，航道；频道；途径，渠道 vt. 把(钱或精力等)导向(某一特定目的)；引导　the English Channel 英吉利海峡 climate n. [C]&[U]气候；[C][常用单数]风气，环境气氛 consumer n. [C]消费者；用户；客户(v. consume) crop n. [C]庄稼，作物；收获，收成 vi. (植物)结果；有收成；种庄稼 desert n. [C]&[U]沙漠，荒漠 vt. 遗弃，抛弃，放弃(adj. deserted；近abandon) expert adj. 内行的，专家的 n. [C]专家，内行(specialist) 　be expert at/in (doing) sth. 在某方面擅长或是行家 grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，盛大的，宏大的 　the Grand Canyon 大峡谷 harm vt. 伤害，损害(harmful，harmless) n. [U]伤害，损害，危害 　do harm to/do...harm 伤害，对……有害 limited adj. 有限的；不多的 　limited edition (书、画等的)限量版 narrow adj. (宽度等)狭窄的，不宽的(反wide)；(心胸、视野等)狭隘的/狭窄的(反broad)；[常用于名词前]勉强的，好不容易的 vt.& vi. (使)变窄，(使)变小 　a narrow victory 险胜 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，舒适的(反unpleasant) rent vt.& vi. 租用；出租；(AmE)(短期)租借 n. [C]&[U]租金 　for rent 供租用 replace vt. 更换，以……替换，接替；把……放回原处(n. replacement) 　replace...with/by 用……替换 sail vt.& vi. (乘船)航行，驾驶(船)，起航(sailor，sailing) n. [C]&[U]帆；[常用单数]乘船航行；[C](风车的)翼板 　set sail (for) 起航(前往) soil n. [C]&[U]土壤(earth)；国土，领土 structure n. [C]&[U]结构，构造，组织；[C]建筑物 vt. 系统安排，精心组织 valley n. [C]谷，山谷 三级词汇 barrier n. [C]障碍，壁垒 　a barrier to success 成功的障碍 　the language barrier 语言障碍 platform n. [C]高台，平台，讲台，戏台，站台 region n. [C]地区，区域，行政区；范围，领域(adj. regional) sheet n. [C](冰或水等的)一大片，一张(纸)，一大堆；被单，床单 *tunnel n. [C]隧道；地道 　the Channel Tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道 wrap vt. (用……)包，裹；(用……)缠绕，围住 二级词汇 completion n. [U]完成，结束(v. complete) flavour n. [C]&[U]味，味道；风味；特点 vt. 给……调味；加味于 harmony n. [U]和谐，和睦，融洽相处(adj. harmonious) 　in harmony with 与……和谐相处 mineral n. [C]矿物，矿产 　mineral water 矿泉水 priority n. [C]&[U]优先处理的事，当务之急；[U]优先权(adj. prior) shallow adj. 浅的(反deep)；肤浅的 一级词汇 basin n. [C]盆地，低洼地；盆；脸盆 dynasty n. [C]朝代，王朝 frost n. [U]霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜 herb n. [C](用于调味)香草，药草 observatory n. [C]天文台，观象台，气象台(observe，observation，observer) *organism n. [C]生物，有机体 *steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的 thunder vi. 打雷；发出雷鸣般的响声 n. [U]雷；雷声；雷鸣般的响声 ◆背核心短语 1．be home to...是……的故乡/产地 2．go to the trouble to do sth.费尽周折做某事；不辞辛苦做某事 3．turn...into...把……转变成…… 4．prevent...from doing sth.阻止……做某事 5．wash away冲走 6．in harmony with...与……和谐相处 7．provide...for...给……提供…… 8．pass down传递 9．be at one with...与……合一；与……一致 10．be in doubt不确定的；不可靠的 11．reflect on思考；反思 12．lead to导致 ◆背单元语块 1．be covered in sheets of white frost 被大片的白霜覆盖 2．as far as the eye can see 目之所及 3．from the bottom to the very top 从底层到顶层 4．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 5．green fingers 高超的种植技能 6．enter into competition 参加竞赛 7．be good for the environment 对环境有益 8．free-time activity 业余活动 ◆句式表达 1．句式：续写佳句之景色描写(现在分词短语作状语) Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. 想象一下：群山被银水环绕，在春光下闪耀。 2．句式：无生命名词作主语 Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. 夏天来了，随着水稻的生长，群山变得翠绿。 3．句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 a．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. 这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民开辟的，广西就是他们的故乡。 b．Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice. 因此，建造梯田意味着他们能够增加可以种植水稻的面积。 c．But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. 但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造这些梯田，种植水稻。 4．句式：续写佳句之景色描写(as...as) Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top. 极目远眺，这些梯田通常从山脚下一直延伸到山顶，覆盖座座高山。 5．句式：while引导让步状语从句 And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美。 6．句式：紧缩定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋to do) Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. 那些没有室外空间的人可以租用小块的土地种植东西。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．a of ice 一层冰 2．the desert 沙漠地区 3．in water around the coast 在海边浅水水域 4． the spread of the disease 防止疾病蔓延 5．be by computers 被电脑取代 6．reading 阅读材料 sheet　 region　 shallow　 prevent　 replaced　 materials 7．a to success 成功的障碍 8．the threat of global change 全球气候变化的威胁 9．be on the Internet 在互联网上公布 10．an gardener 一位园艺专家 11． of a tree 树枝 12． the land 租用土地 13．the solar 太阳系 barrier　 climate　 published　 expert　 branches　 rent　 system 第二组　拓展词汇 1．harmony n．融洽相处，和谐→ adj.和谐的，友好和睦的 2．design v．设计→ n．设计者，构思者 3．harm v．伤害，损害→ adj.有害的，导致损害的→ adj.无害的 4．agriculture n．农业→ adj.农业的 harmonious　 designer　 harmful　 harmless　 agricultural 5．consume v．消耗，耗费→ n．消费者→ n. 消费；消耗 6．beauty n．美，美丽→ adj.美丽的→ v．美化，使更美丽 7．narrow adj.狭窄的，不宽的 v．变窄→ adv.狭隘地；勉强地 consumer　 consumption　 beautiful　 beautify　 narrowly 8．limit n．限度，界限 v．限制→ adj.有限的→ adj.无限制的→ n．限制；局限 9．benefit n.好处，益处 v.得益于→ adj.有利的，有用的 10．please v．使满意，使愉快→ adj.令人愉快的→ adj.高兴的→ n．高兴，愉快 11．energy n．力量，活力→ adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 limited　 unlimited/limitless　 limitation beneficial　 pleasant　 pleased　 pleasure　 energetic 第三组　重点短语 1． 是……的故乡/产地 2． 费尽周折做某事；不辞辛苦做某事 3． 把……转变成…… 4． 阻止……做某事 5． 冲走 be home to　 go to the trouble to do sth.　 turn...into prevent...from　 wash away 6． 与……和谐相处 7． 给……提供…… 8． 传递 9． 导致 10． 与……合一；与……一致 11． 不确定的；不可靠的 12． 思考；反思 in harmony with　 provide...for pass down　 lead to　 be at one with　 be in doubt reflect on 第四组　课文佳句 1． with growing rice.夏天来了，随着水稻的生长，群山变得翠绿。(无生命名词作主语) 2．But perhaps what is most significant is the way ______________________________________________ to make these terraces and grow rice.但也许最有意义的是，人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造这些梯田，种植水稻。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) Summer sees the mountains turn bright green in which people have worked in harmony with nature 3．And ___________________________________________________ _______________________some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美。(while引导让步状语从句) 4．Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land _______________________.那些没有室外空间的人可以租用小块的土地种植东西。(介词＋关系代词＋to do) while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass on which to grow things 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration，and the hutongs were __________ (narrow). 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle (rent) company in Amsterdam. narrower　 rental　 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than_________ (harm). 4．The new railway this area in many ways. It is_________ to the people living in this area. For the of more people, we should build more railways.(benefit) 5．To keep he sets aside two hours a day to take exercise. That's why he is always full of ．(energy) harmful　 benefits　 beneficial　 benefit energetic　 energy Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if not handled properly，may ________________________ (导致传播疾病). 2．Solving these problems，which _____________________________ (阻碍我们取得进步) in study，involves students communicating with teachers and parents. lead to spreading diseases　 prevent us from making progress　 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to _________________________ (与自然和谐相处). 4．You should set aside some time to ___________________________ __________ (反思你的成功与失败). 5．The special knowledge ____________________________________ __________ (世代相传), which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods to maintain the tradition. live in harmony with nature　 reflect on your successes and 　 is passed down from one generation to failures another Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．第一天，老师不辞辛苦地记住了我们所有人的名字。 The teacher ______________________________ all our names on the first day. 2．过去的十年里，我们的城市发生了巨大变化。 ____________________________________ in our city. 3．这本书很有趣。我从没读过比这本更有趣的书。 The book is very interesting. I ________________________________． went to the trouble to remember　 The last ten years has seen great changes　 have never read a more interesting one 核心考点 互动探究 1.prevent v．阻挡，防止 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David had a brain disease which prevented him _______ walking or running like other children. ②(北师选必三U9)It (Traditional Chinese Medicine) has developed a unique combination of treatments related to helping well-being and the ____________ (prevent) and treatment of diseases. from　 prevention　 ③到了我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。(环保) →It is high time for us _______________________________________ ______________________． →It is high time that _________________________________________ _____________________________. to take measures to prevent/keep/stop the earth from getting warm　 we took/should take measures to prevent/keep/ stop the earth from getting warm (1)prevent/stop...(from) doing sth.＝keep...from doing sth.阻止……做某事 (2)prevention n．预防，防止 2.design v．设计，构思；筹划 n．设计；图案，花纹 ①This course is specially designed ______ beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice. ②I'm terribly sorry to say that I have hurt your feelings, but I didn't do it _____ design. for　 by　 ③The project _____________________ (旨在帮助) the students in need. But the project didn't work out as planned. →____________________________________________________________________(分词短语作后置定语) ④“Talk and Talk”是一档英语节目，是为了提高学生的英语口语而设计的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ was designed to help　 The project designed to help the students in need didn't work out as planned.　 “Talk and Talk” is an English program, which is designed to improve students' oral English. [联想发散]　表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结： 故意地 (1)by design；(2)on purpose；(3)deliberately 偶然地 (1)by chance；(2)by accident；(3)accidentally (1)design...for...为……而设计…… be designed for/to do...为……而设计/目的是……；被设计用于做…… (2)by design＝on purpose 故意地 (3)designer n．设计者 3.harm v．伤害，损害 n．伤害，损害 ①(2023·全国乙卷)There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing _________ (harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide. ②沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。 →Being addicted to online games ________________ our physical and mental health. (harmful) →Being addicted to online games ____________________ our physical and mental health. (harm) harmful　 is harmful to　 does/causes harm to There is no harm in doing...做……无害处 (2)harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的 4.replace v．以……替换，更换；把……放回原处 ①(译林选必二U3)As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced _________ stone needles. ②(北师必修第一册U2)Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. He was still usually on the bench, being just a _____________(replace), which was really tough on him. by/with　 replacement 　 ③Our monitor will replace our head teacher to attend the commendatory meeting. →Our monitor will _________________ our head teacher to attend the commendatory meeting. →Our monitor will attend the commendatory meeting ______________ our head teacher. take the place of　 in place of (1)replace...with/by...用……替换……，以……接替…… (2)take the place of/take one's place 代替 in place of.../in one's place代替 (3)replacement n．替换；替换的人(物) 5.benefit n．好处，益处 v．有利于，对……有益 ①(人教选必一U2)Personally, I have benefited quite a lot _________ technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. ②(人教选必四U3)China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area _____ the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. from/by　 for　 ③我写信给你一些建议，这肯定会对你非常有帮助。(建议信) →I'm writing to give you some suggestions, which will definitely ____________________ you.(beneficial) →I'm writing to give you some suggestions, which will definitely _____________________ you.(benefit n．) be very beneficial to　 be of great benefit to (1)benefit from/by...从……中受益；得益于…… (2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益 (3)beneficial adj.有利的；有帮助的 be of great benefit to...＝be very beneficial to...对……非常有益 (to为介词) 6.provide...for...给……提供…… ①(人教必修第三册U4)In order to provide _____ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. ②(人教选必二U2)Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them ________ better career opportunities. for　 with　 ③I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, ____________________ (provide) my dad went with me. ④这次比赛大受欢迎。它不仅为学生们提供了一个展示才华的平台，而且进一步激发了他们参与即将到来的比赛的热情。(报道) The contest turns out to be a big hit. _____________________________ _______________________________________ but it also further stimulates their eagerness to get involved in the coming competition. (not only置于句首引起倒装) provided/providing　 Not only does it provide a platform for students to showcase their talent (1)provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.提供给某人某物 provide for 赡养，提供生计；为……做好准备 (2)provided (that)＝providing (that) 倘若，在……情况/条件下 7.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 [教材原句]　And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美。 ①(译林必修第二册U3)Six-year-old Bofeng has not seen his grandparents for almost a year, and he is full of joy and excitement. Indeed, the whole family could not be _________ (happy) to be together. ②虽然困难重重，没有什么比通过挑战自己所获得的成就感更有价值了。(主旨升华) Hard though it is, there is ________________________ the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself. happier　 nothing as valuable as　 ③没有什么比参加5千米越野比赛更有意义的了，它对我们的身心都有益处。(报道) ___________________________________________ the five-kilometer cross-country running race，which benefits us physically and mentally. Nothing is more rewarding than taking part in 表示最高级意义的特殊结构： (1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等 (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves，__________(wrap) them with string，and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). 2．(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's ____________ (consume) would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. wrapped　 consumers　 3．(2021·全国乙卷)Staring at the screen for long is _________ (harm) to our eyes. Worse still, we don't have many opportunities to interact with our teachers and classmates. 4．(译林选必三U2)At the same time, space exploration can provide a variety of career opportunities _____ young people. 5．(北师必修第二册U6)He engaged in a wide range of exercises ___________ (design) to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress. harmful　 for　 designed　 6．Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the writing of Shakespeare, Wordsworth and the like had a ____________ (benefit) effect on our mind. 7．There is a growing awareness that the ____________ (prevent) of environmental pollution is extremely important. 8．Despite their _________ (limit)resources and hundreds of failed experiments, they found a possible chemical. beneficial prevention　 limited　 9．Take more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and ____________ (energy). 10．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced ____________ a modern hotel or not. energetic　 with/by 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. ________ A．分支机构；分店　　B．支流　　　　C．树枝 A　 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their permission. ________ A．快乐的 B．宏伟的；壮丽的 C．极好的；出色的 C　 3．Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. ________ A．一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸) B．(冰或水等的)一大片 C．薄片，薄板 A 维度3　完成句子 1．过去五年这座体育场见证了许多场激动人心的足球比赛。(无生命名词作主语) _________________________________________ in the past five years. 2．在过去的十年里，我们沟通的方式发生了巨大的变化。(the way＋定语从句) ____________________________________ has undergone a dramatic transformation in the past decade. This stadium has seen many exciting football games　 The way (in which/that) we communicate　 3．就我个人来看，在日常生活中，没有什么比身体健康更重要。(否定词＋比较级) From my point of view, ___________________________________ in our daily life. nothing is more important than health　 4．我写信向你求助，希望你能向我伸出援助之手。(现在分词短语作状语) I'm writing to ask for your help, ________________________________ ______． 5．这次展览展出了大量中国画，其中大部分是学生画的。(“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句) The exhibition displayed a large number of Chinese paintings, _________________________________． hoping that you will offer me a helping hand　 most of which were painted by students 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Our earth is weeping, with even the previously untouched Arctic or Atlantic region being harmed. To make the whole world become a beautiful garden, we should be 1.__________________ (与大自然融为 at one with nature 一体). That is, caring for the environment is the most important thing (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：2._______________) for the world. As a citizen, we should try to 3.____________________________ (与大自然和谐共存). At the same time we should strive to be green consumers, for whom it is pleasant to buy or do something useful (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：4.____________) to the environment. Additionally, we may a top priority coexist in harmony with nature beneficial organize some campaigns, calling on the world to take action 5.___________________________________ (阻止我们的地球被污染). Our earth is a community with a shared future for mankind. Let's join our hands to make it become a charming garden. to prevent our earth from being polluted 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情感描写 sheet n．(冰或水等的)一大片 as white as a sheet面无血色 harmony n．融洽相处，和谐 by design故意地 动作描写 prevent v．阻挡，防止 harm v．伤害，损害 wrap v．包，裹 wrap one's arms around 拥抱 thunder v．打雷；轰隆隆地响；大声斥责 环境描写 shallow adj.浅的 pleasant adj.令人愉快的 grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的 waterfall n．瀑布 tunnel n．隧道 desert n．沙漠，荒漠 climate n．气候 branch n．树枝 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 看到一片狼藉，盖茨先生很生气，以致无法克制住自己的愤怒。他转过身愤怒地大声说：“你最好解释一下发生了什么！”富兰克林躲在门后，面无血色。过了很长时间之后，富兰克林终于鼓起勇 气走了出来。他解释说：“我是想给你创造一个惊喜，爸爸。”听了儿子的话，盖茨先生泪如泉涌，拥抱了他。然后他对儿子说：“我知道你不是故意的。我从来没有这么高兴和自豪过。请原谅我，我的儿子。” At the sight of the mess, Mr.Gates was so angry that he couldn't contain his anger. He 1. ，“You'd better explain what's going on！” Hiding himself behind the door，Franklin 2. . After what seemed for ages，Franklin eventually gathered courage to come out. He explained，“I turned around and thundered in anger went as white as a sheet was trying to create a surprise for you，Dad.” Hearing his words，with tears welling up，Mr.Gates 3. . Then he said to his son，“I know you didn't do it 4. . 5. (否定副词置于句首引起部分倒装). Please forgive me，my son.” wrapped his arms around him by design Never have I been more pleased and proud 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山东青岛测试)Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box, meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine (藤) for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages: They are convenient and still available even in winter months. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old CD player. The home-grown fruit is an eatable case for making a home garden. Your columnist, who long considered gardening a complete waste of time, advances this argument with great enthusiasm. Planting cool-weather greens, as gardeners across the northeast of America are now doing, can seem nonsense, since convenient, continuously well-stocked supermarket shelves are available all week. But the same could be said of cooking: There are many cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals? That attitude misconstrues the ultimate appeal of gardening: It mistakes the product for the purpose. It is true that a garden can produce tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness, and lettuces (莴苣) and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. While finding, let's say, lettuces in the shops can take some time, effort, and expense, growing your own vegetables insures a reliable supply. On the other hand, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration. Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season's harvest to uncooperative weather. No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure—as with cooking, writing or almost anything worthwhile—is in the work itself. To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy, in the ground and above it. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。作者以超市里的草莓和自家种的草莓为例，论述了自己对从事园艺的看法。 2 3 1 4 1．What can we know about the supermarket strawberries? A．They look distinct from home-grown ones. B．They give out pleasant and fresh smell. C．They are picked days before fully grown. D．They are planted typically in winter. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One came out of a supermarket box, meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks.”可知，超市里的草莓是在完全成熟前几天采摘的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the underlined word “misconstrues” mean in paragraph 4? A．Misinterprets.　　　　 B．Transforms. C．Mistrusts. D．Highlights. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“the ultimate appeal of gardening：It mistakes the product for the purpose”可知，这种态度错误地把产品当成了目的，即这种态度误解了园艺的最终吸引力。故画线词意为“误解”。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 3．Why does the author mention the failures in gardening? A．To warn readers not to take up gardening easily. B．To advise readers to work in harmony with nature. C．To make readers reflect on the methods of gardening. D．To help readers have a whole picture of gardening. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil.And even expert gardeners can lose a season's harvest to uncooperative weather.(新手可能种植不适合自己的土地的作物；即使是专业的园丁也会因为天气不佳而失去一季的收成)”可推知，作者提到园艺上的失败是为了帮助读者对园艺有一个全面的了解。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's opinion on gardening? A．It's a difficult and time-consuming process. B．Products of gardening make it worthwhile. C．The time and efforts invested make it a delight. D．It reduces the cost of purchasing vegetables. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it.”和“To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy...”可知，园艺的真正乐趣在于花时间去做这件事，园艺就是耐心地、充满爱心地和勤奋地帮助生命变得强壮和健康。由此可知，作者认为在园艺上投入的时间和精力使之成为一种乐趣。故选C项。 B (2023·浙江绍兴诊断)Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder，while living close to nature is largely beneficial to mental health and the brain.A central brain region，the amygdala (杏仁核) involved in stress processing，has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas，compared to those who live in cities，hinting at the potential benefits of nature.“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved，namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions，”says Sonja Sudimac. To achieve causal evidence，the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald Forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin.The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature，suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress. “The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health，but this is the first study to prove the causal link.Interestingly，the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases，which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress，”explains Simone Kühn，head of the group. The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk.This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health.Even short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity，suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain. In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups，the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人的大脑产生的影响。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac? A．Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity. B．People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems. C．It's unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health. D．It's hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But so far the ...or urban regions”可知，到目前为止，母鸡和鸡蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村或城市地区。据此可知，在Sonja Sudimac看来，母鸡和鸡蛋的问题意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。 5 6 7 8 6．How did researchers collect evidence for the study? A．By quoting authoritative experts. B．By interviewing healthy volunteers. C．By researching on a previous theory. D．By comparing volunteers' amygdala activity. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To achieve causal ...traffic in Berlin.”可知，为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在Grunewald森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查。据此可以推知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。 5 6 7 8 7．What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make? A．Confirming the assumption of nature's benefits to brain health. B．Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure. C．Revealing the link between age and mental health. D．Identifying the causes of mental health problems. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The results support ...prove the causal link.”可知，研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正相关关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究。据此可知，Simone Kühn和他的团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。 5 6 7 8 8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Benefits of a regular walk in nature. B．The focus of the follow-up research. C．An appeal for living in urban regions. D．Nature's positive effects on women and children. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，该研究调查在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响。据此可知，最后一段主要讲的是进一步研究的重点。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了增强适应力的方法。 1 2 3 4 5 (2023·重庆市抽测) Ways to Build Resilience (适应力) Being resilient isn't about avoiding misfortune，but rather how we respond to it.Resilience means doing well in the face of risk or difficulty. 1 . Being resilient can help you manage stress，lower your chances of depression，and has even been proven to make people live longer.To build resilience，the experts suggest the following： 1 2 3 4 5 A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的“Resilience means doing well in the face of risk or difficulty.”可知，此部分在解释resilience的含义，该空与前面内容在意义上连贯，故选F项“它也是一种从困境中恢复的能力”。 1 2 4 5 3 Start with reaching out for support.Lack of social support can lead to decreased resilience.While it's easy to let go of important relationships in our busy lives, 2 . Good relationships are a pillar (柱状物) of rock for resilience and are a source of support when the times get tough.And 2 4 5 3 1 A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation 答案：A 2 4 5 3 1 根据该空前面的部分可知，此部分讲的是寻求支持，因为缺乏社会支持会导致适应力下降。根据该空前的逗号可知，空处句子的首字母应为小写，故可从A项和C项中寻找答案；空处所在句为主从复合句的主句，从句指的是尽管在忙碌的生活中，我们很容易放弃重要的关系。由此可知，主句应选A项“为它们腾出空间很重要”。 3 4 5 2 1 cultivating your sense of humor is also a plus. 3 . Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times. It also improves your sense of well-being through an increase in dopamine (多巴胺) levels in your brain，and can ultimately increase your overall health. 3 4 5 2 1 A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation 答案：D 3 4 5 2 1 该题可用词汇复现法做出。根据该空前面提到的“the times get tough”以及后面的“Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times.”可知，该空前后都提到了艰难时期，由此可知，此处应选D项“艰难时期需要看到较光明的一面”。 4 5 2 3 1 4 . Having goals and dreams increases resilience.A lack of purpose and goals reduces resilience and may leave you open to being taken advantage of，manipulation (操纵)，and poor life choices; it reduces your sense of control over your life，which can easily lead to depression and anxiety. 4 5 2 3 1 A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation 答案：B 4 5 2 3 1 该空可用结构衔接法和词汇衔接法做出。该空位于第三段的段首，纵览全文发现第二、三、四段的首句分别为该段的主题句。根据词汇衔接法并结合该空后面的内容“Having goals and dreams increases resilience.”可知，该空应选B项“然后找到生活的意义”。 4 5 2 3 1 Be a person of action. Being idle can lead to less resilience，but being active and tackling your problems head-on can promote your ability to deal with tough situations. 5 . Instead，do something about the situation. 4 5 2 3 1 A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation 答案：E 4 5 2 3 1 根据该段首句可知，此部分讲的是做一个有行动的人。根据空后的“Instead，do something about the situation.”可知，该空应选E项“尽量避免深入思考消极的想法”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国瓷器的发展、特征以及应用。 (2023·苏州八校联考)Porcelain，also called fine china，1.______ (feature) its delicate texture，pleasing color, and refined sculpture，has been one of the 2. (good) artworks introduced to the Western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one 3. (find) made of kaolin (高岭土) in the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE－1046 BCE), and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (搪瓷)，while pottery wares (陶器) were more widely 1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是has been，feature在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语porcelain形成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填featuring。 答案：featuring 2．考查形容词最高级。此处考查固定表达“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，所以空处填best。 答案：best 3．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语in the Shang Dynasty可知，时态用一般过去时；主语the earliest one与find之间形成了被动关系；主语the earliest one表示第三人称单数概念，所以空处填was found。 答案：was found used among most of the ordinary people. Anyway it was the beginning. In the following dynasties, due 4. its durability and shine，porcelain rapidly became 5. necessity of daily life, 6. ______ (especial) in the middle and upper class. It was made 7. the form of all kinds of items，such as bowls，cups，tea sets, vases，jewel cases，musical instruments and boxes, as well as pillows for traditional doctors to feel one's pulse. 4．考查介词。此处考查固定表达due to，意为“由于”，所以空处填to。 答案：to 5．考查冠词。necessity作“必需品”讲时为可数名词，结合句意“迅速成为日常生活的必需品”可知，此处表示泛指。necessity的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 答案：a 6．考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词，所以空处填especially。 答案：especially 7．考查介词。此处考查固定表达in the form of，意为“以……的形式”，所以空处填in。 答案：in Through the 8. (develop) of over 4，000 years, now it is still a brilliant kind of art that attracts thousands of people. The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, 9. has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain 10. (satisfy) your appetite for beauty. 8．考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词形式，所以空处应填development。 答案：development 9．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示物的名词短语the Porcelain Capital，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。 答案：which 10．考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达be certain to do sth.，意为“一定会做某事”，所以空处填to satisfy。 答案：to satisfy $$