第三讲 段落整合-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

第三讲　段落整合 专项提能 循序写作 段落是一个相对独立的单元，同时也是构成一篇文章的基本单元，但它并不是几个句子的简单堆砌，而是通过连续的句子来表达一个中心意思。合理地组织段落会使文章大放异彩。 一 组段应遵循的原则 1．统一性原则 段落的统一性是段落写作的最基本要求。一个段落只能有一个主题，其他所有的事实、例子、证据都应服务于同一个主题。统一性有助于笔者清楚有效地表达自己的观点。通过有机地将与主题密切相关的扩展句编排在一起，可使文章主题更明确，中心更突出。例如： Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. 本段文字都是围绕段落首句“Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.”展开的。首句交代了段落主旨，其余文字根据主旨进行了具体的阐述。 2．连贯性原则 段落的连贯性指句与句、段与段过渡自然(和谐、流畅、层次分明、符合逻辑)。保持段落的连贯性就应恰如其分地运用过渡语，使内容承前启后，如：first，at first，second，and then，finally，what's more，but，however，thus，as a result，in fact，therefore，in a word，in short等。例如： Located in the east of Asia，my homeland has a long history and rich culture.In addition，there are a lot of world-famous tourist sites in China，such as the Great Wall and Jiuzhaigou，which attract a good many visitors from all over the world every year.Much to our pride，great changes have taken place in my country in the past 30 years.Not only has the economy developed fast，but most people are also living a happy life.Thus，I am convinced that you will be impressed with all the changes when you arrive here. 本段文字通过合理地使用in the east of，in addition，such as，not only...but also...，thus等过渡性词语，增强了文章的连续性和逻辑性，使整篇文章一气呵成、浑然一体。 3．简洁性原则 一个段落的长度没有具体的限制，主要取决于段落主题表达的需求。有的只需简短的几句，有的则需要更多的细节支持。但无论哪种情况，一个段落的写作必须遵循简洁的原则，避免与主题无关的语言成分。 二 常见的段落排列 衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的衔接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。高中阶段应该掌握的衔接(过渡)性词语归纳如下： 1．表示起始关系的过渡性词语 above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally speaking, according to, with the development of等 To begin with，although he was old, he stepped forward to the earthquake-stricken area. 首先，虽然他已经老了，但还是前往了地震灾区。 2．表示时间顺序的过渡性词语 first，first of all，to begin with，then，later，in the end，finally，at last，after that，afterwards，since then，immediately，suddenly，meanwhile等 Meanwhile，I competed with my friends to see who picked more. 其间，我和朋友比着看谁摘得多。 3．表示并列关系的过渡性词语 and，or，also，as well as，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，either...or...，not...but...等 We should not pay more attention to kids' outcome but recognize their efforts to achieve goals. 我们不应该过多关注孩子们的结果而应赏识他们为实现目标做出的努力。 4．表示转折关系的过渡性词语 but，yet，however，while，otherwise，on the contrary，though，although，even if/though，despite，in spite of，regardless of等 Although it was hot, everyone had a great time there. 尽管天非常热，但在那里，每个人都非常开心。 5．表示因果关系的过渡性词语 because，as，since，for，thanks to，due to，as a result of，so，therefore，as a result/consequence等 It is a fact that rap music not only allows us to have a relax，but also enables us to learn more about culture. Therefore，I wonder if you could tell us something about rap to enrich our knowledge. 事实上，说唱音乐不仅可以让我们得到放松，而且还能使我们学习更多的文化。因此，我想知道您是否能够告诉我们一些关于说唱的东西来丰富我们的知识呢。 6．表示递进关系的过渡性词语 what's more，furthermore，moreover，besides，what's worse，still less，to make matters worse，worse still，on the one hand...on the other hand...，for one thing...for another (thing)...等 What's more，I'm outgoing and warm-hearted. 另外，我性格外向且热心肠。 7．表示列举事实的过渡性词语 such as，for example/instance，take...for example，that is to say，as follows，in other words等 A suitable gift such as a bunch of flowers is necessary for your visit. 你去做客时，带点合适的礼物，比如一束花，是有必要的。 8．表示观点的过渡性词语 in my opinion，in my view，from my point of view，as far as I'm concerned，as for me，personally等 In my opinion，the activity boosted our confidence. 在我看来，这个活动增加了我们的信心。 9．表示总结的过渡性词语 in short，in brief，in conclusion，in a/one word，to sum up，all in all，on the whole，in general等 In conclusion，there is nothing wiser than wearing school uniforms on this special occasion. 总之，在这样的特殊场合下，没有什么比穿校服更明智的了。 阅读下面短文，选择适当的过渡性词语填空 above all，besides，meanwhile，for one thing，for another thing，personally，in a word Recently，it has been a great public concern that the students lack self-protection awareness. There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all.1._________________ ，security comes first. Without security，we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents' expectations；2.________________ ，protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of the students，which is associated with the happiness of every family.3.________________, it also helps to build a more harmonious society. For one thing for another thing Meanwhile 4．___________，in order to protect us students，5._________, we should strengthen our security awareness.6.___________ ，when accidents occur，we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. The government also plays a leading role in protecting students.7._____________ ，only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony. Personally above all Besides In a word $$