Unit 2 Out of this world-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 2　Out of this world 选择性必修第三册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与自然——探索太空) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮 vt. 使浮动，使漂流 2. ceiling n. 天花板；上限 3. mosquito n.(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos) 蚊子 4. microscope n. 显微镜 5. maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持 6. telescope n. 望远镜 7. orbit vt.& vi. 围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n. (天体等运行的)轨道 8. scan vt.& vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 9. shuttle n. 航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间) 10. hydrogen n. 氢，氢气 11. rocket n. 火箭；火箭武器 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 2. gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 3. cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜 4. bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 5. mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 6. creature n. 动物，生物；人 7. circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济 状况 8. radiation n. 辐射，放射线 9. luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 10. tube n. 管，管子；软管 11. furthermore adv. 此外，再者 12. pill n. 药丸，药片 13. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必 需的 14. discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 15. leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 16. crew n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员； 专业团队 17. altogether adv. 完全；总共；总之 18. kit n. 成套设备，成套工具；配套元件 19. crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 20. astronomer n. 天文学家 21. merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 22. administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政 23. agency n. 机构；代理处 24. comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 25. foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 26. purse n. 资金，财源；钱包 27. tale n. 故事；讲述，叙述 28. mechanic n. 机械师，技工 29. incredibly adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信 30. shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避 31. constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 32. nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心 不在焉的 2. occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→occupation n.工作；职业；占 领；居住；使用 3. evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n.评价；估价 4. exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光 5. visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的→visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地 6. permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n.永久(性)，持久(性) 7. universe n.宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世 界的；共同的 8. origin n.起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创 的；独创的 n.原著；原作→originally adv.原来，起初 9. frequency n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的 →frequently adv.频繁地 10. motive n.原因，动机，目的→motivate vt.激励；激发 11. investment n.投资；投入→invest v.投资；投入→investor n. 投资者 12. calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n.计算，运算；预测→calculator n.计算器 13. coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n.覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v.覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括 14. assistant n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assist v.帮助；援助→assistance n.帮助；援助 15. dust n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 1. cast new light on 使进一步了解…… 2. in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 3. in view of 鉴于，考虑到 4. plain to see 显而易见的 5. lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6. come to an end 结束 7. at a time 每次 8. a huge amount of 大量的 9. long to do 渴望做…… 10. make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白…… 常见结构 1. so that 引导目的状语从句 2. It＋be＋adj.＋that... 3. as引导让步状语从句 4. why引导表语从句 5. 强调句 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.宇航员，航天员 2. vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦，困难 3. n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4. n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经 济状况 astronaut　 bother　 mission　 circumstance　 5. n.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 6. adv.此外，再者 7. adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 8. vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行 为准则；自制力 9. n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 10. adv.完全；总共；总之 11. adj.至关重要的，关键性的 12. adv.仅仅，只不过 luxury　 furthermore　 vital　 discipline　 crew　 altogether　 crucial　 merely　 13. vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 14. n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 15. n.机械师，技工 16. adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 17. n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 18. adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 19. adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 comprise　 foundation　 mechanic　 incredibly　 shelter　 constant　 nuclear　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.缺乏，不存在；缺席→ adj.缺席；不存 在；心不在焉的 2. vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 → adj.使用中，有人使用(或居住)；被占领的，被 侵占的；忙于→ n.占用，使用；居住；占领， 侵占；职业 3. vt.评估，估计，评价→ n.评估，评价 absence　 absent　 occupy　 occupied　 occupation　 evaluate　 evaluation　 4. n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道→ vt.使遭受；使接触；揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露→ adj.无保护的；无遮蔽的 5. adj.看得见的；明显的→ adv.明显地，易察 觉地 6. adj.永久的，永恒的→ adv.永久地 → n.永久，持久性 7. n.( )宇宙，天地万物→ ⁠ adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 exposure　 expose　 exposed　 visible　 visibly　 permanent　 permanently　 permanence　 universe　 the universe　 universal　 8. n.起源，起因；出身→ adj.起初的；独创 的；原作的→ adv.原来，起初 9. n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→ adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 → adv.频繁地，经常 10. n.原因，动机，目的→ vt.成为……的动 机，是……的原因；激励，激发→ n.诱因，动机 11. n.投资；投入→ v.投资；投入；授予 → n.投资者 origin　 original　 originally　 frequency　 frequent　 frequently　 motive　 motivate　 motivation　 investment　 invest　 investor　 12. vt.计算，核算；预测→ n.计算；预 测→ n.计算器 13. n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→ v. 报道；覆盖，遮盖；行走；包括，涉及；够付 14. n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的 → v.帮助，协助→ n.帮助，援助，支持 15. n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→ adj.布满灰尘 的；灰暗的 calculate　 calculation　 calculator　 coverage　 cover　 assistant　 assist　 assistance　 dust　 dusty　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 使进一步了解…… 2. 在这种情况下，既然如此 3. 鉴于，考虑到 4. 显而易见的 5. 为……打下基础 6. 结束 7. 每次 8. 大量的 9. 渴望做…… 10. 弄清楚/弄明白…… cast new light on　 in the circumstances　 in view of　 plain to see　 lay the foundation for　 come to an end　 at a time　 a huge amount of　 long to do　 make sense of　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. so that引导目的状语从句 Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves ⁠. 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不 会四处飘浮。 so that we don’t float around　 2. It＋be＋adj.＋that... we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦 恼了。 It’s strange that　 3. as引导让步状语从句 ，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么 激动人心。 4. why引导表语从句 ⁠ every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。 Splendid as the view of the Earth is　 That’s why　 5. 强调句 ⁠ we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. 正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太 阳公转。 It is through our research into space that　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·北京卷)The (absent) of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. 2. (北师B6U7)Jobs and (occupy) come and go at an amazing pace these days. absence　 occupations　 3. (人教B5U1)As a graduate (assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. 4. (北师B1U1) In front of the classrooms，there was a playground which got (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy days. 5. (外研B1U2)That is why when the stars are out，they are visible， but when the lights are out，they are (visible). 6. (2023∙全国甲卷)His teachings shaped the moral and ethical (found) of Chinese culture. assistant　 dusty　 invisible　 foundation　 7. (2023∙浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”， (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 8. (2023∙全国乙卷)It is producing more top class chefs who appear (frequence) on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 9. (外研B7U4)They present their ideas in the hope of getting (invest) and advice，and they have the same passion and devotion. 10. (外研B5U2)By the fifth day，I wondered—was I really missing out by not (constant) checking my phone to see what everyone else was up to？ originally　 frequently　 investment　 constantly　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Working plans are to be made (由 具体的情况而定). 2. With the rapid development of the Internet，the advantages of the Internet are (显而易见). 3. Your hard working ⁠ (为你有希望的未来打下基础). 4. The new evidence (使进一步了解 这个旧案件). 5. Something that suits you is convenient for you or is the best thing for you (在这种情况下). in view of concrete conditions　 plain to see　 lays the foundation for your promising future　 cast new light on the old case　 in the circumstances　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 聚会后，这对曾经深爱的人彼此之间不再联系。 After the party，they two，who once loved each other deeply， ⁠. 2. 到我们行动起来为环境保护尽一份力的时候了。 ⁠ and do our bit for the environmental protection. didn’t keep in touch any more　 It’s time that we should take action　 3. 你在街上买的那把伞比我在超市里买的那把要便宜一些。 The umbrella you bought in the street is cheaper than ⁠ ⁠. 4. 这个巨大的新公园几乎是中国东北地区保护东北虎的旧野生动物 园的四倍大。 This vast new park is nearly ⁠ the old wildlife park protecting Siberian tigers in Northeast China. that I bought in the supermarket　 four times larger than　 5. 他居然那么快就适应了新环境，真令人惊讶。 ⁠ he should have adapted himself to the new environment so quickly. It is surprising that　 核心考点　互动探究 1. absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在场 ①Dear Miss Misty，I am writing to apologize to you for being absent ⁠ the activity of the English club on May 5th. ②As is known to all，all things will float in the (absent) of gravity. ③我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(道 歉信) I’m writing to ⁠ your birthday party last weekend. from　 absence　 apologize to you for being absent from　 (1)absence from缺席；不在 in one’s absence某人不在时 in the absence of不存在；缺少…… (2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from不参加；缺席 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的 2. bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费 时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦，困难 ①All this has happened because you couldn’t be bothered ⁠ (give) me the message. ②If you want to be a star，it is best not to bother ⁠ other things. ③I hate to be bother，but could you show me how to deal with the work？ to give　 with/about　 a　 ④让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去 信心。 ⁠ but my father told me not to lose heart. It bothered me that we couldn’t find our way back　 (1)a bother令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人) (2)can’t be bothered to do sth.不想花时间做某事 bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother doing sth.费心做某事 bother sb.with/about sth.用某事打扰某人 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… 3. occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；占据(take or keep possession of)；使忙于 ①Interestingly，three major factors appear to have an impact on which aspect of privacy violation they find most shocking—age，gender and (occupy). ②Ask yourself the question： Are you keeping yourself occupied work too much？ ③他本来能参加你的生日聚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。 He would have attended your birthday party，but he ⁠ ⁠ an important experiment. occupation　 with　 occupied himself with/was occupied with　 (1)be occupied (房间、座位、床位等)被占用；被占有 be occupied with sth./(in) doing sth.忙于(做)某事 occupy oneself with sth./in (doing) sth.忙于(做)某事 (2)occupation n.工作；职业；占据 4. evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价 ①(2023∙新课标Ⅱ卷) Program (evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. ②All these characteristics are (evaluate) as per one’s writing style. ③你的推荐人应该是非常了解你的人，并且能够评估你在研究生教育方面的潜力。 Your recommenders should be individuals who know you well and can ⁠ graduate school education. evaluations　 evaluated　 evaluate your potential for　 (1)be evaluated as被评定为…… (2)evaluation n.评价；评估 comprehensive evaluation综合评价，综合评价法 5. circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件，状况；(circumstances)境况， (尤指)经济状况 ①(2023∙全国甲卷)When we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the ⁠ (circumstance). ②The rules can only be waived (放弃) ⁠ exceptional circumstances. ③在这种情况下，我们只能依赖自己，别无他法。(心理描写) ，we could depend/rely on nobody but ourselves. circumstances　 in　 Under/In the circumstances　 in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装) in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许 6. exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道 ①(2022·全国乙卷) They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies (expose). ②The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed ⁠ daylight. ③They must act like parents who are worried about the exposure ⁠ their children to immoral content. ④当我们有孩子的时候，我们通常会仔细考虑孩子看了多少电视以 及他们接触的电视内容。 When we’ve got children，it’s typical of us to give careful thought to how much TV the children are watching and what ⁠ ⁠. exposed　 to　 of　 they’re exposed to　 (1)expose...to...暴露……给……；使……接触…… expose oneself to...使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (2)be exposed to遭受到；(使)接触到 7. vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的(be of the greatest importance)；生死攸关的；维持生命所必需的 ①Perseverance is vital ⁠ success. ②Prior to a job interview，it’s vital (do) your homework about the company and meet its criteria for measuring candidates. ③Positions play vital part even when you’re asleep. to/for　 to do　 a　 → ⁠ we should learn something from failure.Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”(主语从句) → ⁠ something from failure.Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”(it作形式主语) What’s vital is that　 It’s vital that we (should) learn　 ④重要的是，我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说，“失败乃 成功之母。” (1)be vital to/for对……重要 It is vital to do...做……是重要的 It is vital that...(should) do...重要的是…… (2)vitally adv.极其；生死攸关地 8. cast new light on 使进一步了解…… ①Now that the warmer weather has come，we can ⁠ our winter clothing. ②They were ⁠ on a desert island without food or water. ③We have ⁠ many things that are no longer needed. ④最近的研究使人们进一步了解了这种疾病的起因。(调查报告) Recent research has ⁠ the causes of the disease. cast off　 cast away　 cast aside　 cast new light on　 cast off摆脱；抛弃；解开(缆绳等) cast away丢掉，浪费；使失事 cast aside抛弃；废除 9. in view of 鉴于，考虑到 ①When the lake came view，its beautiful view really struck us. ②Sometimes daydreaming is viewed ⁠ a waste of time. ③尽管这个礼物不值钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的 是其中所包含的爱。 Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much. ⁠ ，it’s the love contained in it that really counts. into　 as　 From my point of view/In my view　 (1)come into view看得见，进入视野 in view在视野范围内 have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览 (2)in one’s view/from one’s point of view在某人看来 (3)view...as...把……看作…… 10. [教材原句]　Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and ⁠ a half times higher than those on the International Space Station.火 星表面的辐射水平比国际空间站高出2.5倍。 ①My school has expanded into a big one，which is three times as big ⁠ the previous one. ②The number of students now in this school is four times ⁠ it was ten years ago. as　 what　 →The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school is ⁠ that ten years ago. →The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school is ⁠ that ten years ago. three times bigger than　 three times the size of　 ③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago. [实战贴士]　(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上 用“基数词＋times”表达； (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语 来表达。 英语中常见的倍数表达法有： (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight...)＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023∙新课标Ⅰ卷)Most (frequent)，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. 2. (2023∙新课标Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes ⁠ a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. frequently　 with　 3. (北师B3U8) Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered (pick) it up. 4. (外研B5U2) But on reflection，I can see how much of my time had been occupied ⁠ checking my phone. 5. (人教B7U2)A lot of typical Australian food，such as the Sunday roast，is (origin) British.Bakeries，fast-food joints， butcher shops，cafes，and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. to pick　 with　 originally　 6. (外研B7U1)Once we make a decision， ⁠ most circumstances，there is no going back. 7. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Short writings missed as a result of an excused (absent) will be accepted. 8. (2022·全国乙卷)They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies (expose). 9. (2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the (crew) efforts. 10. (2022·全国乙卷)That includes huge savings in ⁠ (maintain) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. in　 absence　 exposed　 crews’　 maintenance　 维度2　熟词生义 1. occupy A. 使忙于(做某事)；忙着(做某事)　B. 占用(空间、面积、时间等)　 C. 侵占；占领；占据 (1)The bed seemed to occupy most of the room. ⁠ (2)The capital has been occupied by the rebel army. ⁠ (3)She occupied herself with routine office tasks. ⁠ B　 C　 A　 2. shelter A. n.躲避处；避难所　B. n.居所；住处　C. n.保护；掩蔽；庇护　 D. vt.掩蔽；为……提供避难所　E. vi.躲避；避难 (1)They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree. ⁠ (2)The sun beat down，so we sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun. ⁠ (3)Rescue workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. ⁠ C　 E　 A　 (4)Food，clothing，fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs. ⁠ (5)Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms. ⁠ B　 D　 A. n.躲避处；避难所　B. n.居所；住处　C. n.保护；掩蔽；庇护　 D. vt.掩蔽；为……提供避难所　E. vi.躲避；避难 3. The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. ⁠ 4. She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move， but she decided to take the chance. ⁠ 5. Alice is a diligent girl，who dusts the desk every morning. ⁠ ⁠ vt.惩罚　 vt.预测　 vt. 除去……的灰尘　 ⁠ 6. There was an appealing gravity to everything she said. ⁠ 7. He looked at me in an absent way. ⁠ 8. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied. ⁠ n.庄严，庄重性　 adj.茫然的，心不在焉的　 vt.占据　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 我之所以写信给你是想让你给我提供一些专业的建议。(The reason why...is that...) ⁠ ⁠  　The reason why I’m writing to you is that I want you to offer me some professional advice.　 2. 当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。 ①When I came in，the students ⁠ their homework. (occupied) ②When I came in，the students ⁠ their homework.(occupied) ③When I came in，the students ⁠ their homework. (busy) ④When I came in，the students ⁠ their homework. (busy) were occupied with　 were occupied in doing　 were busy with　 were busy doing　 3. Inner peace will shine through in your skin，your smile，and even the way you walk，which is certainly true. → ⁠ inner peace will shine through in your skin，your smile，and even the way you walk.(it作形式主语) It is certainly true that　 4. Because they were occupied (in) making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around. → ，they spared no time to play around.(现在分词短语作状语) → ，they spared no time to play around.(过去分词短语作状语) Occupying themselves (in) making and selling popcorn　 Occupied (in) making and selling popcorn　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 假定你是李华，你爱好太空探险，但是却得不到父母的理解， 于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点 如下： 1. 你的观点(至少写2点)；2.父母的意见。 根据提示以及要求补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词 汇：thus，however) Dear Stephen， ① (有一个问题；there be变体) between my parents and me，② ⁠ (使我不可能专心学习；it作形式宾语；非 谓语动词作状语).I have no idea how to deal with it so I have to seek your help. There exists a problem　 making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study　 So crazy about space exploration am I that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration. ③ ，this makes my parents very angry because they think my hobby is harmful to my study.④ ，⑤ ⁠ (他们做一切可做的来阻 止我去图书馆；名词性从句).To them，high marks are everything and I should ⑥ (花两倍多的时间 学习). However　 Thus　 they do what they can to prevent me from going to the library　 spend twice more time on my lessons　 I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But I don’t think my parents understand me，which upsets me.What shall I do？Can you offer me some suggestions？I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感 描写 absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席 mission n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 leisure n.闲暇，空闲 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 merely adv.仅仅，只不过 incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 动作 描写 bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 其他 描写 astronomer n.天文学家 in view of鉴于，考虑到 circumstance n.条件，状况 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 有一天，汤姆去拜访了他的朋友弗兰克。弗兰克是位天文学 家，也是个工作狂。他经常忙于研究，几乎没有闲暇时间。一到那 里，汤姆就坐在沙发上看电视，等着弗兰克。弗兰克非常专注于他 的工作，所以他忘记了他的朋友。令人难以置信的是，过了很久， 弗兰克还没有出现，这使汤姆很烦恼。鉴于这种状况，汤姆回家 了。在路上，汤姆自言自语道：“有些人只是关心他的工作，但在 我看来友谊也至关重要。” One day，Tom paid a visit to his friend Frank. ⁠ ，and also a workaholic. ⁠ ，and nearly .Upon getting there， Tom sat on the sofa watching TV，waiting for Frank.Frank was so focused on his work that he forgot his friend. ，Frank didn’t turn up yet after a long time， . ⁠ ，Tom went back home.On the way，Tom said to himself，“Someone ，but in my view， .” Frank is an astronomer　 He often occupies himself with his research　 has no leisure time　 Incredibly　 which bothered Tom　 In view of the circumstances　 merely cares about his work　 friendship is also of vital importance and crucial　 课时作业　巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖南长沙湖南师范大学附属中学摸底考)When you think about it，food is an important part of our lives.Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another.The same holds true for us here on the Space Station.Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew. The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety？ How do you meet all of the  peculiarities of the people that you come across，especially when they are from different cultures？ What about the logistics (物流) of getting the right food here at the right time？ So there are a couple of different questions you have to consider when you talk about food and long-duration space flight. On the U. S. side we have gone to a standard menu，meaning that every 16 days you start over with the same menu.To compensate the crews，we are allowed to pick one “preference” container which consists of our pick of anything on the U. S. menu list.This allows us some variety in our menu，with the choices up to us.One of the desirable options for any crew is to make sure that enough tortillas (墨 西哥玉米粉薄饼) get on board.You can do so much with a tortilla； it becomes the vehicle with which to eat almost anything. Our food also comes packaged in many ways.But no matter what the form of the food though，you still have the same problem eating it—you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up.In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful.It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon.Small things do escape from time to time，but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem.That is enough for now！ Next time I will write about how to cook in space. 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——太空探索——太空饮食 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空饮食中食 物种类、食物包装等的相关内容。 1. Where is the text most probably taken from？ A. A food magazine. B. An astronaut’s journal. C. A sci-fi handbook. D. A space history website. 答案：B 文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句以及最后一段最后一句可以得 知，本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是 一篇航天员的太空日志。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does the underlined word “peculiarities” mean in paragraph 2？ A. Ambitious targets. B. Similar requests. C. Unusual habits. D. Harsh conditions. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和画线词后判断，在太空中可能会 遇见文化习俗不一样的航天员，每一个人的习惯都有可能不一样 的，对于“你”可能是很正常的，但是对于别人而言有可能不寻 常，因此可以得知，peculiarities的意思应是“不寻常的习惯”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning tortillas？ A. To illustrate the preference container. B. To give an example of standard menu. C. To advocate tortillas to the readers. D. To show the variety of food options. 答案：A 推理判断题。第三段第二、三句提到可以得知，美国航天员在太空 中更喜欢吃玉米粉薄饼，因此作者提到tortillas的用意是举例解释航 天员们的“preference container (偏好食盒)”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What can be inferred about eating in space？ A. Food packaging is optional. B. Sufficient water helps transport food. C. Flying food problem is unavoidable. D. Eating in space is easier than most imagine. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可以得知，食物乱飞的情况 是不可避免的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2023·广西柳州高三统考阶段练习)Once a satellite is launched， it’s impossible to repair or refuel it in low-Earth orbit.This leads to a number of useless satellites drifting (漂流) in space.Human missions to repair broken satellites would be too costly to be effective.But with more and more satellites being launched，attention is turning toward repairing them in new ways. Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have started a project which is aimed to develop a new robotic network of spacecraft that could help satellites repair each other in low-Earth orbit. The effort is being led by aerospace engineer Ou Ma，who has worked on projects relating to the robotic arms.The team’s plan is to develop a network of robots that can work together to eventually repair a satellite in space.Ma，along with a group of students，put robots to the test.They had the robots move strings with an attached mark to a specific spot on a table.Because the robots can only control one string individually，the other robots had to work together to eventually move the mark to the correct spot.The researchers found that using five robots allowed them to complete the task of repairing a satellite，even if one of the robots failed. The team aren’t the only ones thinking about repairing satellites. NASA announced a few years ago they were creating a servicer spacecraft called Restore-L，which will be launched in 2025 with a mission to serve satellites.“Restore-L will meet with，grasp，refuel，and relocate a satellite to extend its life，” according to NASA. 体裁： 说明文 主题语境：人与自然——太空探索——使用机器人对卫星进行 维护 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了太空中的卫星 如果用人工修复的方法，会耗费大量资金，目前正在研究如何使用 机器人对卫星进行维护。 5. What’s the disadvantage of repairing satellites by humans according to paragraph 1？ A. It needs too much fuel. B. It causes too much pollution. C. It costs too much money. D. It needs too much high technology. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，人类修复卫星的缺点是需要 耗费大量的资金。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What is the most important for robots in repairing a satellite？ A. Quick action. B. A flexible arm. C. Independent thinking. D. Team work. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，团队的计划是开发一个机器 人网络，这些机器人可以协同工作，最终修复太空中的卫星。根据 倒数第二句可知，由于机器人只能单独控制一根绳子，其他机器人 必须协同工作，最终将标记移动到正确的位置。由此可推理出，机 器人修复卫星最重要的是团队合作。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What do we know about NASA’s project？ A. Restore-L will replace a satellite. B. A servicer spacecraft will serve satellites. C. The project is to be started in 2025. D. Restore-L will merely refuel a satellite. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，美国国家航空航天局几年 前宣布，他们正在建造一艘名为“恢复-L”的服务航天器，该航天 器将于2025年发射，任务是为卫星服务。由此可知，NASA将发射 服务航天器为卫星服务。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is the best title for the text？ A. The Latest Development in Robotics. B. Robots Fix Satellites. C. Advanced Satellites. D. Robots Work in Satellites. 答案：B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是未来的机器人修复卫 星计划。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——热点问题——如何戒掉 手机成瘾 　　【语篇解读】　在互联网时代，人们对手机的依赖日益严重， “低头族”随处可见。本文就如何戒掉手机成瘾给出了几条建议。 The rest of your daily routine is probably something like mine： Divided among streaming movies，watching home improvement videos and playing video games.There has to be more to life than this.With the holiday season upon us，now it is a good time to take a breather and consider a digital detox (戒瘾). 　1.　 Here’s what we can do. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Resist the Hooks. B. Not all screen time is bad. C. Say No to Social Media. D. So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. E. Whenever we are at home，we can put phones away. F. Outside of our bedrooms，we can create other No-Phone Zones. G. If you feel strongly addicted，take an extreme measure and turn the phone to grayscale mode. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文中的“now it is a good time to take a breather and consider a digital detox”和空后的“Here’s what we can do.”可知，设空处承 上启下，应为通过什么方式得出解决问题的建议。由此推知，D项 (所以我向心理学专家寻求建议)符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Come Up with a Plan.  　2.　—after all，many students are attending school via video conferencing apps.So Step One is assessing which parts of screen time feel toxic and make you unhappy.Step Two is creating a realistic plan to minimize consumption of the bad stuff. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：B A. Resist the Hooks. B. Not all screen time is bad. C. Say No to Social Media. D. So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. E. Whenever we are at home，we can put phones away. F. Outside of our bedrooms，we can create other No-Phone Zones. G. If you feel strongly addicted，take an extreme measure and turn the phone to grayscale mode. 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后的“after all，many students are attending school via video conferencing apps”可知，手机还是有好处的，所以设空处应指出 不是所有盯着手机屏幕的现象都是不好的。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 Create No-Phone Zones. “My No.1 piece of advice is no phone in the bedroom overnight，” Dr.Twenge，a psychology professor at San Diego State University，said.“Have a charging station outside the bedroom.”  　3.　 The dinner table，for example，is a prime opportunity for families to agree to put phones away for at least 30 minutes and reconnect. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：F A. Resist the Hooks. B. Not all screen time is bad. C. Say No to Social Media. D. So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. E. Whenever we are at home，we can put phones away. F. Outside of our bedrooms，we can create other No-Phone Zones. G. If you feel strongly addicted，take an extreme measure and turn the phone to grayscale mode. 1 2 3 4 5 根据本部分小标题“Create No-Phone Zones”.以及设空处上文中的“no phone in the bedroom”和下文中的“The dinner table，for example，is a prime opportunity for families to agree to put phones away for at least 30 minutes and reconnect.”可知，Twenge博士建议 在其他地方也设置无手机区域，故F项(在我们的卧室外面，我们可 以设置其他的无手机区域)符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　4.　. Social media sites create goals to keep users engaged.Those include the number of likes and followers we accrue on the Internet. For starters，we can resist the hooks by making our phones less intrusive. Turn off notifications for all apps except those that are essential for work and keeping in touch with people you care about. 　5.　. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：A A. Resist the Hooks. B. Not all screen time is bad. C. Say No to Social Media. D. So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. E. Whenever we are at home，we can put phones away. F. Outside of our bedrooms，we can create other No-Phone Zones. G. If you feel strongly addicted，take an extreme measure and turn the phone to grayscale mode. 1 2 3 4 5 根据设空处位置可知，设空处为小标题。本部分中的“For starters，we can resist the hooks by making our phones less intrusive.Turn off notifications for all apps except those that are essential for work and keeping in touch with people you care about.”可知，本段的主旨是：抵制诱惑。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5  　4.　. Social media sites create goals to keep users engaged.Those include the number of likes and followers we accrue on the Internet. For starters，we can resist the hooks by making our phones less intrusive. Turn off notifications for all apps except those that are essential for work and keeping in touch with people you care about. 　5.　. 答案：G A. Resist the Hooks. B. Not all screen time is bad. C. Say No to Social Media. D. So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. E. Whenever we are at home，we can put phones away. F. Outside of our bedrooms，we can create other No-Phone Zones. G. If you feel strongly addicted，take an extreme measure and turn the phone to grayscale mode. 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文作者建议采取哪些措施抵制手机的诱惑可知，设空处给出 建议：如果瘾实在太大，下一步该怎么办。故G项(如果你感到自己 沉迷于手机无法自拔，那么采取极端的措施，把手机调到灰度模 式)符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·湖南怀化高三六校联考)It has been more than 20 years since the deadliest accident in the history of Italian aviation (航空) happened.In October 2001，the Linate Airport disaster  　1　 more than 100 people lose their lives  　2　 a ground crash at Milan’s most centrally-located commercial airport.The  　3　 involved a Scandinavian Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-87 and a private Cessna Citation CJ2. The date of the accident was October 8th，2001.On this day， MD-87 was set to 　4　 a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark.This  　5　 had 104 passengers and six crew numbers on board. Also set to 　6　 Milan Linate that morning was the Cessna CJ2.Headed for Paris，there were just four people on board. On the morning of October 8th，2001，foggy conditions prevailed (占优势) at Milan Linate Airport.Such weather can  　7　 visibility to minimal levels，potentially causing  　8　 operational trouble at airports. There is a very real  　9　 to it，as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility. 　10　，Vincenzo Fusco，the airport’s director，stated that conditions were still  　11　 for flying.The Cessna’s pilots， 　12　 in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway，which could have been  　13　 if there had been a ground radar (雷达) system at the airport. At 08：09，air traffic control advised MD-87’s pilots that they were clear to take off.Less than a minute after this clearance，the departing MD-87  　14　 with the Cessna as it crossed the runway.The crash and the resulting fire destroyed both of the aircraft，leaving all the passengers and pilots  　15　 in the tragedy dead. 体裁： 记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——太空探索——意大利航空史上最致命的 飞机地面碰撞事故 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了意大利航空史 上最致命的飞机地面碰撞事故。 1. A. offered B. saw C. affected D. predicted 答案：B 根据句意和前文“the Linate Airport disaster”可知，此处应用动词 see表示“见证(事件)”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. due to B. despite C. apart from D. with regard to 答案：A 后文“a ground crash”是前文“more than 100 people lose their lives”的原因。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. occasion B. situation C. tragedy D. adventure 答案：C 根据前文“more than 100 people lose their lives”可知，这是 一场悲剧。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. unfold B. command C. operate D. distribute 答案：C 根据后文“a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark”可知，飞机飞行的是米兰利纳特到哥本哈根的航线。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. company B. profession C. trade D. service 答案：D 根据前文“a direct flight”可知，此处指这趟航班服务。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. depart B. transform C. orbit D. enter 答案：A 根据语境和后文“Headed for Paris，there were just four people on board.”可知，还有飞机CJ2要出发。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. increase B. reduce C. enhance D. recover 答案：B 根据前文“foggy conditions”可知，这种天气降低能见度。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. current B. magical C. odd D. severe 答案：D 根据前文“Such weather can  　7　 visibility to minimal levels”可 知，因为能见度低，所以会给机场带来严重的问题。 根据前文“Such weather can  　7　 visibility to minimal levels”可 知，因为能见度低，所以会给机场带来严重的问题。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. danger B. loss C. prejudice D. response 答案：A 根据后文“as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility”可 知，这是非常危险的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据后文“stated that conditions were still  　11　 for flying”的含义 分析可知，此处与前文存在转折关系。 10. A. Therefore B. Thankfully C. Literally D. However 答案：D 根据后文“stated that conditions were still  　11　 for flying”的含义 分析可知，此处与前文存在转折关系。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据后文“The Cessna’s pilots， 　12　in the fog，took a 11. A. necessary B. suitable C. convenient D. ready 答案：B 根据后文“The Cessna’s pilots， 　12　in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway”可知，负责人认为条件适合飞行， 才造成后来的事故。 wrong turn on the runway”可知，负责人认为条件适合飞行， 才造成后来的事故。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. engaged B. connected C. lost D. experienced 答案：C 根据后文“took a wrong turn on the runway”可知，飞行员在雾中迷 失了方向。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. noticed B. emphasized C. ignored D. generated 答案：A 根据后文“if there had been a ground radar system at the airport”可 知，如果有雷达系统，就会注意到这一点。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据语境和前文“ 　2　 a ground crash”可知，两架飞机发生 14. A. replaced B. crashed C. contrasted D. quarreled 答案：B 根据语境和前文“ 　2　 a ground crash”可知，两架飞机发生 了碰撞。 了碰撞。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. dressed B. absorbed C. buried D. involved 答案：D 根据后文“in the tragedy”可知，此处指被卷入这场悲剧的人员都 遇难了。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文讲述了豆腐起源于中国，然后又传到日本 等东亚国家。豆腐在全球流行起来花了较长一段时间，现在豆腐以 一种现代的方式被世人所食用。 (2023·江苏南京六校调研) Legend has 1. 　　　　　　 that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2，000 years ago when he 2. 　　　　　　 (make) an elixir (灵丹妙药).He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. 1. 考查代词。legend has it that是固定句型，意为“据传说”。 答案：it 2. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。make是从句中的谓语动 词，与从句主语he之间是主动关系；结合句意，刘安是在制药的过 程中发明了豆腐，表示动作正在进行，用过去进行时态；主语是单 数第三人称形式，be动词用was。故填was making。 答案：was making It’s 3. 　　　　　　 (universal) believed that monks visiting China brought tofu to neighbouring countries like Japan. 3. 考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填universally。 答案：universally 4.  　　　　　　 East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1， 000 years，it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally.Benjamin Franklin，one of the United State’s founding fathers，wrote a letter 5. 　　　　　　 some soybeans attached while he was in London， praising it as a“Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest documents on record 6. 　　　　 .mentioned tofu in the West.Li Shizeng，an enthusiast of tofu，is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia.It’s said that he was the first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school.He ended up 7. 　　　　　　 (study) at the agricultural schoolin Montargis and was 8. 　　　　　　 (passion) about promoting tofu in France. 4. 考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示尽管东亚人吃豆腐已有一千 多年，但它在全球流行起来却花了更长的时间。 答案：While/Although/Though 5. 考查介词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此处考查with复合结 构，表示Franklin在伦敦时写了一封信，信上附着一些黄豆。 答案：with 6. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句 中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空 处只能填关系代词that。 答案：that 7. 考查固定搭配。end up doing为固定搭配，意为“以做……而告 终”，此处指他最终在Montargis的农业学校学习。 答案：studying 8. 考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处表示他热衷于在法国推销豆 腐，故填passionate。 答案：passionate Nowadays，tofu 9. 　　　　　　 (serve) in a modern way.In many fine dining restaurants，the tasting menu is designed around its textures.The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons.For example，in one of the restaurants，the current menu starts with the texture“silken”，10. 　　　　　　 (represent) by tofu. 9. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语nowadays并结 合句意可知，此处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的 主语tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因为主语tofu为 不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is served。 答案：is served 10. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语， represent与the texture “silken” 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 过去分词represented。 答案：represented $$