Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 4　 Scientists who changed the world 必修第三册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——科学家) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. malaria n. 疟疾 2. extract n. 提取物；选录 vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3. penicillin n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 4. mould(AmE mold) n. 霉菌；模具；类型 vt. 浇铸；塑造 单元词句背诵 5. bacteria n.(sing.bacterium) 细菌 6. lightning n. 闪电 7. ribbon n. 带子，丝带；带状物 8. atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的 9. evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 10. intellectual adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者 11. mystery n. 神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 12. evolution n. 进化；演变，发展 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. republic n. 共和国，共和政体 2. deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 3. province n. 省，省份 4. herb n. 药草，香草；草本 5. experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 6. trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 7. household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 8. postpone vt. 延迟，延期 9. sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 10. data n. 数据，资料，材料 11. error n. 错误，差错 12. wisdom n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 13. conduct vt.& vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 14. electricity n. 电，电能 15. theory n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 16. thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴 17. metal n. 金属 18. charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责； 使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 19. electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 20. standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 21. bomb n. 炸弹；核武器 vt. 轰炸 22. credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 23. negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 24. authority n. 权威，权力；官方 25. declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 26. publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi.& vt.生 存；幸存，幸免于难→survivor n.幸存者 2. broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地→broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围 3. intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n.目的；意图；打算 4. limited adj.有限的→limit n.& vt.限制→limitation n.限制；局限； 极限 5. container n.容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 6. beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n.益处vt.对……有益处vi. 得益于 7. illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n.图解，图示 8. surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.周围的环境 9. indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n.表明；暗示 10. accident n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj.意 外的；偶然的 11. intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.才智 12. favour(AmE favor) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞 同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj. 最喜爱的 13. politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n.政治 (学)→political adj.政治的 14. involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj.有关的； 卷入的；复杂的 15. scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n.科学 →scientist n.科学家 16. moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的n.品行，道德；寓意 →immoral adj.不道德的 17. apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n.应用，运 用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→applicant n.申请人 18. ignorance n.无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的 →ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 19. freedom n.自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 20. permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证 →permission n.允许，许可 21. responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj. 负责的 22. nationality n.国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的 →nation n.国家；民族 23. marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v.结婚 1. refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2. speed up (使)加速 3. pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 4. through trial and error 反复试验 5. by accident 偶然，意外地 6. with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7. let sb.down 使某人失望 8. as to 关于，至于 9. take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10. put forward 提出，提议，建议 11. make a difference 有影响，起作用 12. thanks to 由于；幸亏 13. far from the truth 根本不是事实 14. work out 计算出；理解 常见结构 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 2. 过去分词短语作状语 3. It was not until...that...强调句型 4. without含蓄虚拟条件句 5. it作形式宾语 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 2. n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 declare　 credit　 3. n.讲座，演讲；教训，训斥 vi.开讲座，讲课 vt.指责，训斥 4. n.责任，负责；职责，义务 5. vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 6. adj.纯的；干净的；完全的；纯正的；纯真的 7. vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指 8. adj.有限的 9. adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的 10. vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 lecture　 responsibility　 surround　 pure　 intend　 limited　 ignorant　 apply　 11. vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 12. adj.有益的，有用的 13. vt.延迟，延期 involve　 beneficial　 postpone　 二、拓展词汇 1. adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的→ adj.死的 → n.死，死亡；死亡状态→ v.死亡 2. adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 → vt.拓宽，使……变宽 3. vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指→ adj.(为……) 打算的→ adj.故意的，有意的→ n.意 图，计划 deadly　 dead　 death　 die　 broad　 broaden　 intend　 intended　 intentional　 intention　 4. n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验vi.& vt.测试，试验 → v.尝试 5. adj.有限的→ n.限度，限制；限量，限额； 界限vt.限制，限定；限量，减量 6. n.容器；集装箱，货柜→ vt.包含，含 有，容纳 7. vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 → n.(管弦乐队、合唱队等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售 票员 trial　 try　 limited　 limit　 container　 contain　 conduct　 conductor　 8. vt.说明，解释；加插图于→ n.图解； 示例；图表，插图 9. vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 → adj.周围的，附近的→ n.周围， 环境 10. vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→ n.表 明，显示 11. adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 → n.才智，智力 illustrate　 illustration　 surround　 surrounding　 surroundings　 indicate　 indication　 intelligent　 intelligence　 12. vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞 同；偏袒→ adj.特别受喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人 (或事物) 13. vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责 任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管→ n.充电器 14. n.电，电能→ adj.电的，发电的，电 动的→ adj.电的，发电的，用电的 15. vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→ ⁠ n.参与，加入；投入 favour/favor　 favourite/favorite　 charge　 charger　 electricity　 electric　 electrical　 involve　 involvement　 16. adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 → n.科学→ n.科学家 17. vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→ n.应 用，运用；申请→ n.申请人 18. vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定→ adj.否 定的；消极的，负面的；坏的，有害的 19. n.无知→ vt.忽视，对……不予理会 → adj.无知的，不了解的，愚昧的 20. n.自由→ adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的 scientific　 science　 scientist　 apply　 application　 applicant　 negate　 negative　 ignorance　 ignore　 ignorant　 freedom　 free　 21. vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证 → n.准许，许可；许可证 22. vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→ ⁠ n.公告，宣告，宣言；声明(书) 23. n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→ v.结婚， 嫁，娶 permit　 permission　 declare　 declaration　 marriage　 marry　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2. (使)加速 3. 成功，奏效，达到目的 4. 偶然，意外地 5. 显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 6. 使某人失望 7. 关于，至于 8. 提出，提议，建议 refer to　 speed up　 pay off　 by accident　 show off　 let sb.down　 as to　 put forward　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 Tu Youyou has become ⁠ ，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖 是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的 疾病之一。 the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize　 2. 过去分词短语作状语 ⁠ ，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载 给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药 进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water　 3. It was not until...that...强调句型 However， ⁠ Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青 蒿素。 it was not until the 1970s that　 4. without含蓄虚拟条件句 Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青 蒿素。 might never have discovered　 5. it作形式宾语 Now，we scientists ⁠ it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可 能的。 take it for granted that　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the (limit) time. 2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “ (wise) of crowds” effect. limited　 wisdom　 3. (2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its (surround). 4. (2023·浙江1月卷)And that’s why，however astonishing Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial (intelligent). 5. (2023·上海卷)After much consideration，I have decided to exhibit my (favour) childhood book. surroundings　 intelligence　 favourite　 6. (2023·天津卷)I am genuinely excited about this opportunity and I believe it will greatly enrich my experience as an exchange student.Thank you for considering my (apply). 7. (2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility ⁠ saving their environment. 8. (2023·北京卷)This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism，such as (declare) of the field’s doubtful scientific value. application　 for　 declarations　 9. (外研B2U1)But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of (marry) to my mother. 10. (外研B3U2)The family later took British (national).On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. marriage　 nationality　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. You notice that your breathing (加速) a bit. 2. I believe that hard work and determination is sure to (获 得好结果). 3. Middle school students often (查阅字典) when they meet with new words. 4. No one has come up with a definitive answer (关于，至于) why this should be so. has speeded up　 pay off　 refer to a dictionary　 as to　 5. All of you present are welcome to (提出 你的观点). 6. During the experiment，she discovered the problem ⁠ (偶然，意外地). 7. The school year started off (很成功；引人注目) when I was named class president. 8. If you still keep silent，I will (认为……是理 所当然) that you imply agreement. put forward your views　 by accident　 with a bang　 take it for granted　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 该税于2016年4月首次被宣布，旨在减少儿童肥胖。(过去分词短 语作状语) in April，2016，the tax was aimed at reducing childhood obesity. 2. 正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念能够让不寻常的事情发生。(强调 句型) ⁠ could make something unusual happen. First announced　 It was his brave heart and strong faith that　 3. 如果你早点儿到那儿，你就会遇到李先生了。(虚拟语气) If you had got there earlier，you ⁠ Mr.Li. 4. 她的作品很有感染力。这不是因为她的论据的质量，而是因为她 的文笔优美。(not...but...) Her works are infectious.This is ⁠ the quality of her arguments， ⁠ the beauty of her writing. would have come across　 not because of　 but because of　 核心考点　互动探究 1. intend vt.& vi.计划，想要，打算(have sth.in mind as a purpose)；意指 ①This program was set up with an (intend) of providing help to homeless people. ②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended ⁠ the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture. ③The university is known for its language and culture courses (intend) for international students. intention　 for　 intended　 ④I intend (take) up a part-time job，through which I can have broad horizons. ⑤我本打算这个周末和你一起出去，但发生了一件意想不到的事 情。所以我写信向你道歉。(道歉信) ⁠ but something unexpected happened.So I’m writing to express my apology to you. [误区释疑]　intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(实际却未做)”。有类似用 法的词还有want、hope、plan等。 to take/taking　 I had intended to go out with you this weekend　 (1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 (2)be intended to do sth./for sth.专门为……；专门给…… (3)intention n.意图；目的；打算 with an/the intention of抱有……的目的；打算…… 2. refer to 谈及，提到(mention)；参考，查阅(consult)；指的是 ①The Chinese refer to their language Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty. ②Please wait patiently for a few days.We have referred your complaint ⁠ our supplier. ③You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer). ④我写信是向您寻求关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建 议。(咨询信) I am writing to ask for your advice ⁠ ⁠. as　 to　 reference　 in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most　 (1)refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给…… (2)reference n.言及；提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to关于 3. speed up (使)加速 ①The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed ！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” ②If we should throw the ball at ⁠ speed of about five miles a second，it wouldn’t fall back to the ground. ③你应该养成良好的学习习惯，这可以帮助你更快达成目标。(建 议信) up　 a　 You should form a good habit of learning， ⁠ ⁠ to achieve your goal. at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of...以……的速度 pick up speed加速 reduce speed/slow down减速 which can help you speed up　 4. pay off得到回报；成功，奏效，达到目的 ①The couple were happy to know that their son’s debt ⁠ (pay) off. ②他突然大哭起来，求她原谅，并发誓偿还他偷的所有东西。(动 作描写) He burst into tears，begging her to forgive him and swearing to ⁠ ⁠. ③屠(呦呦)和其团队的努力终于有了回报。(人物描写) ⁠ had been paid　 pay back everything he had stolen　 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.　 (1)pay off the debt还清债务 (2)pay off the loan还清贷款 (3)pay back偿还；回报；报答；报复 (4)pay for支付……的钱；为……付出代价 5. beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 ①A large number of students will benefit ⁠ the new teaching method. ②It was ⁠ the benefit of your company that we did that. ③Although a sudden change can be a bad thing，it might often be (benefit) in the long run. ④The exchange program has been of benefit to all of us. →The exchange program has ⁠ all of us. from/by　 for　 beneficial　 been beneficial to　 (1)be beneficial to...对……有益，对……有用 (2)benefit v.对……有用，使受益n.益处 benefit from/by...得益于，受益于 be of benefit to sb./sth.＝be beneficial to sb./sth.＝benefit sb./sth.＝do good to sb./sth.对……有益 for sb.’s benefit ＝for the benefit of sb.＝for sb.’s sake 为某人的利益 6. surround vt.包围；围绕，环绕；与……紧密相关 ① (surround) yourself with people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial. ②He is a brilliant figure，who is well-educated and brought up in superior (surround). Surrounding　 surroundings　 ③The tall building is our office building.It is surrounded by many trees.(环境描写) →The tall building ⁠ is our office building.(定语从句) →The tall building ⁠ is our office building.(过去分词短语作定语) which is surrounded by many trees　 surrounded by many trees　 ④这个湖被绿树环绕，非常漂亮。(环境描写) → ，and it is very beautiful.(并列结构) → ，the lake is very beautiful.(动词-ed 形式作状语) → ，it is very beautiful.(独立主格 结构) → ，it is very beautiful.(with 复合结构) Green trees surround the lake　 Surrounded by green trees　 Green trees surrounding the lake　 With green trees surrounding the lake　 (1)surround...with...用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with...被……包围 (2)surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 7. indicate vt.表明；显示(show sth.especially by pointing)；象征(be a sign of)；暗示(hint，imply)；提及；指出 ①BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an (indicate) of whether someone has a healthy weight. ②There is a great deal of evidence (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain. indication　 indicating　 ⁠ ⁠ (1)indicate sth.(to sb.)(向某人)指出或暗示某事 indicate that/wh-clause表示……；示意 (2)indication n.暗示；表示；预兆  　As is indicated in the picture，a boy is sitting at the table，absorbed in reading.　 ③图片显示，一个小男孩正坐在桌子旁边专心读书。(调查报告) 8. favo(u)r vt.较喜欢；选择；有助于；偏袒 n.帮助；好事；恩惠； 赞同(approval)；偏袒 ①The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted to my (favour) university will come true. ②I am all ⁠ favour of supplying the homeless with food and water free of charge. ③We assure that we will offer goods of high quality with (favour) prices. favourite　 in　 favourable　 ④我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短 剧。期待您的早日回复。(求助信) We sincerely hope ⁠ and come to guide us how to perform the short play.Looking forward to your early reply. you can do us a favour/do a favour for us　 (1)ask sb.(for) a favour请某人帮忙 do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙 owe sb.a favour欠……的人情 in favour of同意；支持；优先选择 in one’s favour有利于某人 (2) favourite adj.最喜欢的；特别受喜爱的 9. charge vt.& vi.收费；控告；充电；负责；谴责；使……承担责 任；使充满 n.费用；掌管；控告；谴责；收费 ①There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge ⁠ admission or not. ②The man who had taken charge of the company ⁠ (charge) with taking drugs. ③The company is ⁠ Tom while the boss is away. →Tom is the company while the boss is away.(in charge of/in the charge of) for　 was charged　 in the charge of　 in charge of　 ④上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨 论。(议论文) Last week we had a heated debate about ⁠ . whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free　 (1)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of掌管/负责…… in charge of控制/管理…… in the charge of受……的管理；由……负责 (3)free of charge＝for free免费 10. involve vt.包含；需要；牵涉，影响；涉及；使参加(卷入)…… ①The man said he involved himself ⁠ this affair by accident not on purpose. ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved (spend) quite a lot of time with students. in　 spending　 ③所有师生都积极参加了这次越野赛跑。(新闻报道) →All the teachers and students the cross- country running race.(involved) →All the teachers and students ⁠ the cross-country running race.(involve) got actively involved in　 involved themselves actively in　 (1)involve oneself in...参加…… involve doing...包括/需要做…… (2)involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的 be/get involved in参与；卷入；专注于…… 11. apply vt.& vi.申请；请求(request)；应用(put into use)；涂(油 漆、乳剂)；有关 ①(2022·北京卷)It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills (solve) problems. ②I’ve applied (become) a volunteer for the next sports meeting. ③His (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected. to solve　 to become　 application　 ④If the (apply) is not a true candidate for the job， do not interview him. ⑤If you apply yourself to your study，you will pass your exam.(建议信) → ⁠ and you will pass your exam.(祈使句) → ，you will pass your exam.(现 在分词短语作状语) applicant　 Apply yourself to your study　 Applying yourself to your study　 (1)apply (to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申请某物 apply to (sb./sth.)申请；涉及 apply sth.to sth.把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事 (2)application n.申请书；申请 applicant n.申请人 12. permit vt.& vi.许可；允许，准许(反：forbid)；使有可能n.许可 证；执照 ①The government has already permitted the company (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. ②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit (smoke). ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their (permit). to use　 smoking　 permission　 ⁠ ⁠ [实战贴士]　动词permit的常见用法：permit doing sth./sb.to do sth. 用法类似的动词： allow doing sth./sb.to do sth.允许(某人)做某事 forbid doing sth./sb.to do sth.禁止(某人)做某事 advise doing sth./sb.to do sth.建议(某人)做某事 encourage doing sth./sb.to do sth.鼓励(某人)做某事  ④如果时间允许的话，我的确希望你来参加今年的音乐节。(邀 请信) 　If time permits/Time permitting，I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.　 (1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事 (2)permission n.[U]允许；许可 without permission未经允许 13. declare vt.宣布，公布(say sth.officially or publicly)；表明，宣 称；申报 ①Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year- old business. ②The painting (declare) to be forgery(赝品) by a painter last time. declared　 was declared　 ③Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days，but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing (declare). ④The government has declared war ⁠ drug dealers. ⑤It (declare) that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather. to declare　 on　 was declared　 ⑥他们是于上周声明反对修建一座新桥的。 It was last week that they ⁠ . (1)declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人或某事…… declare for/against表示赞成/反对 declare war (on)(向……)宣战 declare sth.open/closed宣布……开始/结束 (2)declaration n.宣布；声明；宣言 declared against building a new bridge　 14. put forward 提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表 等)向前拨 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①As for the problem you put forward in your last letter，I think it is a wise choice for you to buy a dictionary. ⁠ ②I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I’ll put him forward as a candidate. ⁠ ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. ⁠ ⁠ 提出　 推荐　 将(钟表) 向前拨　 ④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. ⁠ ⑤(2021·全国甲卷)我希望你能就这一问题提供一些建议。(求助信) ⁠ 将……提前　 I hope you could put forward some suggestions on it.　 put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出 put away放好；积蓄 put off延期；推迟 put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put through接通电话；完成；使经受 15. [教材原句]　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria...屠呦呦成为中华人 民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击 疟疾中做出的贡献…… ①Yang Liwei is not only the first Chinese (go) to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. ②As far as I know，Amy was the only person (witness) the car accident. to go　 to witness　 ③她很快成为北京协和医院妇产科的第一名女性住院医师。(介绍 人物) She immediately became ⁠ a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital！ the first woman ever to be hired as　 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有 the next、the only、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有 ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、 attempt、belief等。 16. [教材原句]　Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.如今，我们科学家理所当然 地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 ①A teacher shouldn’t take ⁠ for granted that every student has understood what he said in class. it　 ②You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble. → ⁠ I will help you when you are in trouble.(含有it作形式宾语的复合句) ③如果你能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。(邀请信) ⁠ ⁠ You can rely on it that　  　I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration/account.　 在“take it for granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语 是后面的that从句。与此类似的用法有rely on/depend on/see to it＋ that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·全国乙卷)Four years later，she was the first African American woman (receive) a medical degree. 2. (2023·浙江1月卷)Citizens of higher social classes ⁠ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 3. (2023·天津卷)I am writing to apply ⁠ the Chinese workshop activity that is being organized by the school as part of promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. to receive　 were permitted　 for　 4. (2023·北京卷)I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner，which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting (involve)in different activities by themselves. 5. (2023·全国甲卷)She credits these skills ⁠ her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. 6. (2023·全国甲卷)So，it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any (charge) when I’ve moved out. involved　 to　 charges　 7. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive (benefit) to the things you value. 8. (北师B5U5)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put ⁠ by the great philosopher Aristotle(384-322 BCE). 9. (外研B5U6)For those animals that don’t adapt，the city can be a dangerous or even (dead) place. benefits　 forward　 deadly　 10. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended ⁠ (provide)stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. to provide　 维度2　熟词生义 1. pay off A. 还清(债务)　B. 取得成功，获得好的结果 C. 解雇，遣散 (1)He studied hard before the examination，and it paid off.He made an A. ⁠ (2)Over 1，000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. ⁠ (3)We paid off our mortgage after years of hard work. ⁠ B　 C　 A　 2. refer to A. 查阅，参考　B. 谈到，提及　C. 指的是 (1)I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man. ⁠ (2)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？ ⁠ (3)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 3. conduct 写出下列句子中黑体单词的意思 (1)My friend went home，leaving me to conduct the band. ⁠ (2)He conducted himself far better than expected. ⁠ (3)Under the conduct of his teacher，he is not what he used to be. ⁠ vt.指导；指挥　 vt.表现　 n.指导　 ⁠ (4)In addition to acquiring and testing a vehicle，the investigators decided to conduct a survey. ⁠ (5)Having been conducted around the library，the visitors were shown the painting exhibition. ⁠ vt.实施　 vt.带领　 4. The police have charged Mr.Bell with murder. ⁠ 5. He has to apply for a permit while we have to find him a job. ⁠ ⁠ 6. She was detained without trial. ⁠ vt.控告　 n.许 可证　 n.审讯　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 我写这封信是想请你在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(求助信) I’m writing this letter， ⁠ ⁠. 2. 如果天气允许的话，在午饭期间试着出去走走。 ① ，try to go out for a walk at lunchtime.(if从句) ② ，try to go out for a walk at lunchtime.(独立 主格结构) asking you a favour with my coming interview　 If weather permits　 Weather permitting　 3. 他不知道父母为他创造一个良好学习氛围的良苦用心。 ①He his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for him. ②He was his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for him. was ignorant of/about　 in ignorance of　 4. 父亲退休后由儿子掌管公司。 ①The son the company after his father’s retirement. ②The son the company after his father’s retirement. ③The company ⁠ after his father’s retirement. ④The company after his father’s retirement. took charge of　 was in charge of　 was under/in the charge of the son　 was in/under the son’s charge　 5. The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless. →The program， ，was set up.(定语从句) →The program， ，was set up.(动词 -ed形式作定语) which was intended to help the homeless　 intended to help the homeless　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Tu Youyou，the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in medicine，was born in 1930.She discovered artemisinin，a drug that has reduced the death rates for ① ⁠ (接触……的病人) malaria. patients (who were) exposed to　 After graduation，② ⁠ (她专心于研究传统中药) and wanted to find a cure for malaria.In her study process，though ③ (失败了多次；分词作状语)，she never gave up.At last she put forward many advanced theories and ④ ⁠ ⁠ (她的发现对传统中药的发展做出了巨大贡献； 短语优先). From her，I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it make sense. she absorbed herself/was absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine　 defeated many times　 her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 人 物 描 写 evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处adj.恶毒的；有害的 marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 动 作 描 写 surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 let sb.down使某人失望 permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 put forward提出，提议，建议 环 境 描 写 lightning n.闪电 thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴 bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 一天晚上，汤姆被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。当他经过父母的卧室 时，碰巧听到他们在争吵。最后，他的父亲提出结束他们的婚姻， 这让汤姆很震惊。他不敢相信。汤姆打开了门，冲出了房间。他觉 得自己被愤怒和沮丧围绕着。大约过了一个小时，天空中出现了一 些星星。他慢慢地平静下来。他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的。 我是不会允许他们分手的。我相信他们不会让我失望的。” One night， ⁠ .As he passed his parents’ bedroom，he overheard them quarreling.Finally，his father ⁠， which shocked Tom.He couldn’t believe it.Tom opened the door and rushed out of the house.He felt ⁠ .After about an hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly，he calmed down.He said to himself，“Everything will be all right. .I believe they won’t ⁠ .” Tom was woken up by the lightning and thunderstorm　 put forward ending their marriage　 he was surrounded by anger and depression　 I won’t permit them to break up　 let me down　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·江苏徐州高三统考)The incident took place，believe it or not，on the playground.I was something of a football player，but I had never been a good player，far less a great one.I played for the mere physical joy that I got out of the game，but I played with a will，and put my whole heart into the game.The result was that，though I had plenty of energy and enthusiasm，I was never picked for my college team. Let me confess frankly that this was only because there was another player in the same position who happened to be much better than me.I considered myself the better sportsman，but he was certainly the greater player.So I never grumbled or complained.I was content to wait and bide my time. And at last my patience was rewarded.It was for me a very special day.Our team had shot up into the final and was meeting its rival (竞争 对手).Our star-player sent word at the last moment that he was ill and he could not take the field.Imagine the astonishment in the college camp！ The thought was that the game was as good as lost，and so also，I confess，did I for this player was our trump card (王牌)：That is what everybody always said.However，something had to be done， and that something had to be myself！ The captain called me up almost apologetically for having failed to recognize my greatness before，and—there I was，on the playground，greeted by the cheers of my friends，and a few jeers from those who had little faith in my prowess. I can tell you that I played like a demon (魔鬼).I was here，there and everywhere—now leading the attack，now falling back to help the defense.It was indeed a thrilling moment in my life.For a time，I was the center of all attention，the object of universal applause，and “the observed of all observers”.And，believe it or not，it was I who put in the winning goal.It marked the top of a glorious day.Even now I look back on the episode with unmixed pleasure and satisfaction. 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——机会留给有准备的人 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者热 爱踢足球并且努力训练，但是作者一直没有出场的机会，在一次队 友伤病的时候，作者代替队友得到了出场机会，最终完美的表现征 服了所有人。从作者这段经历中，让我们明白了机会是留给有准备 的人的这个道理。 1. What can you learn about the author from the first two paragraphs？ A. He was chosen into the college team. B. He intended to be a professional player. C. He performed better than any other player. D. He showed great interest in playing football. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句以及第二段第二和第三句可知， 作者对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. How was the author’s patience rewarded？ A. He received the captain’s sincere apology. B. He helped his school team to enter the final. C. He was finally considered as the trump card. D. He became a replacement for the sick player. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句到最后可知，作者的耐心得到的回 报是代替了生病的球员。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. Why did the author say it was a thrilling moment in his life？ A. He showed off his patience to the fullest. B. The audience applauded his performance. C. The audience observed players attacking. D. He played attentively in the final match. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句及第四句可知，作者说这是他一 生中激动人心的时刻是因为观众为他的表现鼓掌。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B (2023·福建福州调研) Should we be thrilled that，for the first time in a century，Australia went more than a week without using any coal to make electricity？While some are welcoming this as a sign that the country is going green，the bigger picture is less encouraging.For one thing，renewables supplied only 23 per cent of electricity during this coal-free period，while 45 per cent came from natural gas. In the past decade，the country has gone from getting a third of its electricity from coal to obtaining more than a third from renewables like onshore wind on average.Australia now gets 11 per cent of its electricity from“renewable”biomass(生物质能燃料)，much of it using imported wood.But forest campaigners say swapping coal for wood isn’t truly renewable and is actually doing huge damage to the environment. For another，Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions(排放).Producing electricity without burning fossil fuels is relatively easy.But it is much harder to heat homes，to make cement and steel，to grow food and to power cars，ships and planes without producing any greenhouse gases.In view of this，we should handle the energy and climate crises at the same time by finding climate-friendly alternatives to coal. Australia has now stopped the financial aid that drove its renewables revolution.So growth in renewable energy is expected to come to a stop in a decade.The global renewables revolution seems to be following the same trend.The International Energy Agency(IEA) recently announced that the world added 180 gigawatts (吉瓦) of solar，wind，hydropower and bioenergy in 2018，the same as in 2017.But IEA said we must add 300 gigawatts a year to have a chance of limiting global warming to under 2 ℃ by 2100.So we should cheer the end of coal，but continue to worry about how it will be replaced. 　　【语篇解读】　我们应该为澳大利亚“无碳周”感到兴奋吗？ 虽然一些人将其视为该国的环保举措，但从宏观角度上看它却并不 那么鼓舞人心。 4. In the “coal-free week”，what did Australia use most to make electricity？ A. Natural gas. B. Onshore wind. C. Biomass. D. Wood. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“renewables supplied only 23 per cent of...while 45 per cent came from natural gas”可知，在“无碳周”， 45％的电力来自天然气。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. What can be inferred about the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in paragraph 2？ A. Positive results are tracked. B. Long-term goals are ambitious. C. Additional efforts are required. D. Climate change is unavoidable. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions” 并结合本段的陈述可以推断，在减少温室气体排放问题上，澳大利 亚还需要付出更多努力。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6. What can we learn about renewable energy in paragraph 3？ A. It ought to be replaced. B. It will see an adequate increase. C. It starts a revolution in Australia. D. It needs constant financial aid. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Australia has now stopped the financial aid...come to a stop in a decade.”可以推知，可再生能源的 变革需要持续的资金援助。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7. What is the author’s attitude towards the coal-free week？ A. Skeptical. B. Optimistic. C. Thrilled. D. Ambiguous. 答案：A 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Should we be thrilled that...the bigger picture is less encouraging.”可知，作者对“无碳周”持怀疑态度。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 　主题语境：人与自我——生活方式——人口超重 或肥胖 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一份新报告称，如果不采 取重大行动，到2035年，全球将有一半以上的人口超重或肥胖。 (2023·甘肃白银联考)More than half of the world’s population will be overweight or obese by 2035 without significant action， according to a new report.  　1 .　 1 2 3 4 5 A. Many experts express deep worries over the controversial issue. B. The report uses body mass index (BMI) for its assessments. C. More than 4 billion people will suffer from increasing diseases. D. In 2020，38％ of the world’s population fell into these categories. E. The federation said it will be more than $4 trillion annually by 2035. F. She thinks it worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children. G. It is predicted that 51％ of the world will be overweight in the next 12 years. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，选项承接上文说明预测的结果。G项切题。 1 2 3 4 5 Rates of obesity are rising particularly quickly among children and in lower income countries，the report found.Louise Baur，president of the World Obesity Federation，said that policymakers needed to act now to prevent the situation worsening.  　2　“Governments and policymakers around the world need to do all they can to avoid passing health，social and economic costs on to the younger generation.” 1 2 3 4 5 A. Many experts express deep worries over the controversial issue. B. The report uses body mass index (BMI) for its assessments. C. More than 4 billion people will suffer from increasing diseases. D. In 2020，38％ of the world’s population fell into these categories. E. The federation said it will be more than $4 trillion annually by 2035. F. She thinks it worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children. G. It is predicted that 51％ of the world will be overweight in the next 12 years. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，Louise Baur很担忧。F项切题。 1 2 3 4 5 The report found that childhood obesity could more than double from 2020 levels，to 208 million boys and 175 million girls by 2035.The cost to society is significant as a result of the health conditions linked to being overweight.  　3　However，the authors said they were not blaming individuals，but calling for a focus on the societal， environmental and biological factors involved in the conditions. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Many experts express deep worries over the controversial issue. B. The report uses body mass index (BMI) for its assessments. C. More than 4 billion people will suffer from increasing diseases. D. In 2020，38％ of the world’s population fell into these categories. E. The federation said it will be more than $4 trillion annually by 2035. F. She thinks it worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children. G. It is predicted that 51％ of the world will be overweight in the next 12 years. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，选项应该承接上文，用具体的数据说明社会成本之 大。E项符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　4　It is a number calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared.In line with the World Health Organization’s guidelines，a BMI score over 25 is overweight and over 30 is obese.  　5　The report also found that almost all of the countries expected to see the greatest increases in obesity in the coming years. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Many experts express deep worries over the controversial issue. B. The report uses body mass index (BMI) for its assessments. C. More than 4 billion people will suffer from increasing diseases. D. In 2020，38％ of the world’s population fell into these categories. E. The federation said it will be more than $4 trillion annually by 2035. F. She thinks it worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children. G. It is predicted that 51％ of the world will be overweight in the next 12 years. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文可知，报告评估的依据是BMI。B项切题。 1 2 3 4 5  　4　It is a number calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared.In line with the World Health Organization’s guidelines，a BMI score over 25 is overweight and over 30 is obese.  　5　The report also found that almost all of the countries expected to see the greatest increases in obesity in the coming years. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Many experts express deep worries over the controversial issue. B. The report uses body mass index (BMI) for its assessments. C. More than 4 billion people will suffer from increasing diseases. D. In 2020，38％ of the world’s population fell into these categories. E. The federation said it will be more than $4 trillion annually by 2035. F. She thinks it worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children. G. It is predicted that 51％ of the world will be overweight in the next 12 years. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，选项承接上文说明多少人会属于上文所说的类别。 D项切题。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——亲人，朋友和其他人——出版总监患了 失语症后…… (2023·浙江名校适应性考试)That morning，I got the train as always.I was a publishing director and was looking forward to embracing a new day of work，as usual.I would always turn to the crossword (纵横填字游戏)，but that day it didn’t make sense.I’d been doing it for 30-old years，but trying to read this one was like walking through syrup (糖浆)：  　1　 slow and hard.I thought I must be tired. I said to my assistant.The  　2　 colleague contacted my wife， Beth，and she drove me straight to hospital.There，confirmation came that I’d had a stroke in the part of my brain that  　3　 with communication.I was now in a condition that means it’s difficult or  　4　 to receive and produce language.It was the only time I cried. I was back at home a week later，and my goal was to get better and return to work in a couple of months.The way to  　5　 my language ability was rough.I’d look at simple pictures and try to describe them as my mind  　6　 round and round in the darkness， looking for words. As the months passed，it became self-evident that I wasn’t going to be able to go back to my old job.For 25 years，I had  　7　 myself as a publisher.I was used to a busy day of meetings.I didn’t feel ready to say goodbye to my old self.There were times when I felt incredibly  　8　. In the darkest months，I devoted myself to  　9　.I couldn’t manage novels or newspapers， 　10　 I tried reading poetry，and found the shorter lines less overwhelming.My speech came back，and I learned how to read again，though much more slowly.I also learned the  　11　 to keep up.I allowed myself to slow down，and started to enjoy it.  　12　，I get rid of my old skin.I grieved the past，its passing and its absence，and started to come to terms  　13　 it.Now，10 years later，I look after my grandson a day a week，and my relationship with my family is deeper than ever.If you’d asked me 15 years ago to  　14　 the importance of the things in my life I might have said work，but now I’m no longer a high-achieving publisher or someone who reads 10 books a week.I’m a  　15　 man，and if I read 10 books a year，that’s pretty good. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名出版 总监患了失语症，但通过自己的努力逐渐恢复，并发现人生有比工 作更重要的事情：家庭。 1. A. temporarily B. scarcely C. unbelievably D. mildly 答案：C 根据上文“like walking through syrup”可知，读这个填字游戏就 像在糖浆中行走：难以置信的缓慢和艰难。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. curious B. reserved C. casual D. concerned 答案：D 根据下文“colleague contacted my wife...drove me straight to hospital”可知，同事担心作者，所以联系了作者的妻子。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. messes B. deals C. identifies D. cooperates 答案：B 根据下文“with communication”可知，应为短语deal with表示 “处理，负责”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. practical B. absurd C. impossible D. innocent 答案：C 根据上文“it’s difficult or”指严重程度是很困难或者不可能接受 和产生语言。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 作者大脑中负责沟通的部分中风，所以现在需要重建语言能力。 5. A. gaining B. rebuilding C. revealing D. improving 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. slipped B. doubted C. wandered D. fled 答案：C 根据下文“round and round in the darkness，looking for words”指 作者的思绪游离，寻找语言。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. informed B. evaluated C. reflected D. defined 答案：D 根据下文“myself as a publisher”可知，作者当了25年出版人， 一直把自己定义为出版人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. angry B. cautious C. awesome D. merciless 答案：A 根据上文“As the months...I wasn’t going to be able to go back to my old job.”可知，作者无法再回去工作了，所以对自己的无能为 力感到愤怒。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. speaking B. trying C. writing D. managing 答案：B 根据下文“I tried reading...lines less overwhelming”可知，作者一 直在尝试阅读。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. since B. until C. so D. as 答案：C 根据下文“I tried reading...lines less overwhelming”可知，读不 了小说或者报纸，所以试着读诗歌，为因果关系。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. favor B. patience C. sympathy D. comfort 答案：B 根据下文“I allowed myself to slow down，and started to enjoy it.”可知，作者的耐心得到了增强。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. Gradually B. Hopefully C. Narrowly D. Annually 答案：A 根据下文“Now，10 years later”可知，摆脱过去是一个逐渐发 生的过程。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. above B. with C. beyond D. below 答案：B 根据上文“started to come to terms”可知，应为短语come to terms with表示“妥协；达成协议”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. arrange B. compare C. rank D. declare 答案：C 根据下文“the importance of the things in my life”指给生活中的 事物重要性进行排名。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. genius B. community C. dignity D. family 答案：D 根据上文“but now I’m no longer a high-achieving publisher...10 books a week”可知，作者认为工作不再最重要，回归到了家庭。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了宁波市一名年 轻女子将其家族公司的竹制品销往世界，帮助了相当多的竹农增加 收入。 In Ningbo city， a young woman has made the bamboo product brand of her family’s company famous around the world， 1. 　　　　　　 (help) a fair number of bamboo farmers increase their income. 1. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处动词help充当句子结果 状语，动词和逻辑主语a young woman之间是主动关系，应使用现 在分词形式。 答案：helping Wang Xiaoqing， born in the 1990s，2. 　　　　　　 (find) that in the US， Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers，3. 　　　　　　 many of them carried foreign brands， despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”.She decided to return to China and build a bamboo product brand after finishing her education abroad in 2013. 2. 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分， 根据下文were popular可知，表示过去发生的动作，应使用一般 过去时。 答案：found 3. 考查连词。分析句子可知，空格处缺少连词连接前后两个句子， 表示转折，应使用连词but。 答案：but In 2018，a bamboo table 4. 　　　　　　 (produce) by the company of Wang’s family shined at the first Global Bamboo Congress.“5. 　　　　　　 fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history.It provides a sound foundation for the global 6. 　　　　　　 (expand) of China’s bamboo industry，” Wang said.Her company is 7. 　　　　　　 (current) engaged in the design， manufacturing and sales of bamboo products.It produces over 10 million bamboo products each year， 85 percent of which 8. 　　　　　　 (sell) in the global market. 4. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰名词 table，且二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。 答案：produced 5. 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空格处缺少主语从句关系词，主 语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，应使用连接代词what，位于句首， 首字母大写。 答案：What 6. 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空格处为介词for的宾语，应使 用名词形式expansion，根据句意可知，应使用单数形式。 答案：expansion 7. 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，修饰动词 engaged，应使用副词形式。 答案：currently 8. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处为定 语从句谓语部分，动词和主语是被动关系应使用被动语态，根据上 文produces可知，此处使用一般现在时的被动语态形式，先行词是 products，系动词用are。 答案：are sold Serving 9. 　　　　　　 vice president of the entrepreneurship promotion association for returned overseas students in Ningbo city， Wang plans to contribute more to rural vitalization.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 10. 　　　　　　 (rich)，” Wang said. 9. 考查介词。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语serve as“作 为”。 答案：as 10. 考查形容词比较级。空格处为并列结构，根据上文more beautiful places可知，此处应使用比较级。 答案：richer 阅读语篇专练提升 (2023·山东青岛期中) A Guided Tours at the National Museum at South Kingston Out of Hours Titano Tours Book a tour with one of our knowledgeable tour guides to get up close to all the main characters in our world-famous Dinosaurs gallery.You’ll get to learn how dinosaurs were first discovered， how they adapted to life on Earth and why they’re so important to our science today. 13：00-14：00 Weekends only. Behind the Lens Tour Have you ever wondered why wildlife photography can be used to make a difference to the natural world？ Join our hosts for a special tour of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition and discover the stories behind the photos.We will introduce you to some surprising stories as well as the impact that these photos have had on wildlife conservation efforts. 9：00-10：00 Wednesday & Friday. Behind the Scenes Tour：Spirit Collection Go behind the scenes with our science educators for a look at the Museum’s fascinating zoology collection preserved.As we explore some of the Darwin Centre’s 27 kilometers of shelves， you’ll encounter treasures hidden among the 22 million animal specimens (标本) housed here. 14：00-15：00 Monday closed. History of the Natural History Museum Tour With stories stretching from Waterhouse to Darwin， you’ll get to journey through time and discover more about how the incredible “Cathedral of Nature” became world-famous.What’s more， once the tour is finished， you will have the opportunity to visit the whole Museum at your own pace， newly equipped with your behind-the- scenes knowledge. 14：00-15：00 Monday to Friday. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了南金斯敦 国家博物馆的四个不同的专题之旅。 1. What can you do on Behind the Lens Tour？ A. Tell stories about nature. B. Dig into wildlife photography. C. Discover tips to take photos. D. Join in a group to protect wildlife. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据Behind the Lens Tour中的“Join our hosts for a special tour of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition and discover the stories behind the photos.We will introduce you to some surprising stories as well as the impact that these photos have had on wildlife conservation efforts.”可知，该旅行可以让你深入研究野生 动物摄影。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. Which tour can you take if you go to the museum on Monday afternoon？ A. Out of Hours Titano Tours. B. Behind the Lens Tour. C. Behind the Scenes Tour：Spirit Collection. D. History of the Natural History Museum Tour. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据History of the Natural History Museum Tour中的 “14：00-15：00 Monday to Friday.”可知，如果你星期一下午去博 物馆，可以参加自然历史博物馆历史之旅。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. In what column of the museum website could you find the text？ A. Shop. B. Join and Support. C. What’s on. D. Membership. 答案：C 文章出处题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了南金斯敦国家博物馆 的四个不同的专题之旅。所以推断可以在博物馆网站的“在展览什 么”栏目找到这篇文章。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B The alligator gar (鳄雀鳝) was a mystery to most people in China， but now it has become famous as a high-risk， invasive fish species. The fish hit the headlines following the tracking of two alligator gars in a park in Ruzhou， Henan province.Filming of the search， which was live-streamed on Aug.23， attracted about 37 million viewers at its peak. The capture of the fish wasn’t too simple， but they were finally caught on Aug.26. Gu Dang’en， a scientist associated with a national program on invasive species control， said that the exotic fish was brought into China two to three decades ago for its strange spotted look. As a predator at the top of its food chain， the alligator gar has already appeared in many places across China.It can eat all the other creatures living in the water， damage local ecosystems and pose risks to humans. A boy in Taizhou Jiangsu， was bitten by an alligator gar on three of his fingers while playing by a community pool on Aug.17. Experts also warn that the alligator gar’s guts and eggs are poisonous. The Biosecurity Law， which took effect in April 2021， requires that the government must draft a list of invasive species and work out rules for their management. “Authorities have announced a national plan to conduct surveys of 10 invasive species， including the alligator gar， ”said Mu Xidong， a researcher with the Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute at the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Ren Dapeng， a professor from China Agricultural University， said that， under the new law， institutions and individuals cannot import， release or abandon exotic species without official approval. If institutions and individuals break the Biosecurity Law， they can face fines of between 10，000 and 50，000 yuan. He said that if people no longer want to raise exotic species like the alligator gar， they should send them to the authorities and turn to them for help. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是入侵鱼 类带来的危害以及如何防止外来鱼类入侵。 4. Why has the alligator gar become widely known now？ A. The alligator gar was a high-risk and invasive fish species. B. The capture of them didn’t go easily and lasted a long time. C. The two alligator gars were special and tracked by researchers. D. Millions of people watched the live capture of them on the Internet. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Filming of the search，...caught on Aug.26.”可知，在搜索和捕获这种鱼时进行了直播，高峰时有3 700万观众，由此可知，鳄雀鳝变得广为人知是因为数百万人在网 上观看了捕获它们的过程。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What do the underlined word “exotic” mean in paragraph 3？ A. Destructive. B. Foreign. C. Poisonous. D. Attractive. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Gu Dang’en，...invasive species control”以及画线单词后的“was brought into...strange spotted look”可知，入侵物种控制项目的科学家顾党恩说，这种鱼在二三 十年前被引入中国，由此可以推断，该物种应该是从外地引进中国 的，所以该单词的意思与“外来的”意义相近。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. According to Ren Dapeng， what will happen if people let go an alligator gar secretly？ A. They will be thrown into prison. B. They will be sent to the authorities. C. They will be fined at least ￥10，000. D. They will be asked to catch the fish back. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If institutions and...between 10， 000 and 50，000 yuan.”可知，违反《生物安全法》的机构和个人 将面临1-5万的罚款，结合“Ren Dapeng， a professor...without official approval.”可知，未经官方批准，机构和个人不得释放或遗 弃外来物种，所以，如果人们偷偷放走一只鳄雀鳝，就属于违反了 《生物安全法》，将面临至少10 000元的罚款。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ A. Protecting Biodiversity B. Stopping Invasive Fish C. Drafting Biosecurity Law D. Balancing Life & Nature 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了入侵鱼类带来的危害 和如何防止入侵鱼类，所以“防止入侵鱼类”是最合适的标题。故 选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C ARCHAEOLOGISTS have recently made some stunning discoveries at the famed Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province. A treasure trove of bronze， gold and jade wares have been uncovered from the site’s six pits. At least 10 of the bronze wares in the trove have never been seen in the history of human civilization. Researchers described a bronze box with a piece of green jade ware inside of it as the highlight of the 10 relics. The top and bottom of the vessel are covered with turtle shell-shaped lids， each of which resembles a net. And the sides of the box are decorated with dragon head-shaped handles and a few bronze streamers (饰带). “It would not be an exaggeration to say that the vessel is one of a kind， given its distinctive shape， fine craftsmanship and clever design，” said Professor Li Haichao at Sichuan University. “Although we do not know what this vessel was used for， we can assume that ancient people treasured it.” Another new find from the past was a bronze altar nearly 0.9 meters tall， upon which researchers believe the people of the Shu civilization made offerings to heaven， earth and their ancestors. Around these pits， archaeologists also found traces of bamboo， reeds， soybeans， cattle and boars， which suggest that these objects were all offered as sacrifices. Ran Honglin， an expert of the Sanxingdui cultural relics said that the diversity of the items found at the site indicated cultural exchanges between the various different ancient civilizations of China. He noted that one of the sculptures with the head of a human and the body of a snake were characteristic of ancient Shu civilization， while ceremonial vessels known as “zun” from the site were culturally symbolic of China’s central plains， known as the Zhongyuan region. The new finds have mainly been excavated from the No. 7 and No. 8 pits， bringing the total number of items that have been discovered in the six pits to nearly 13，000 since 2020. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道的是最近 考古学家在三星堆遗址的一些惊人的发现。 8. Which of the following vessels is the most impressive？ A. A bronze box. B. A jade ware. C. A bronze streamer. D. A green zun. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers described a bronze box with a piece of green jade ware inside of it as the highlight of the 10 relics. (研究人员称，10件文物中最引人注目的是一个 青铜盒子，里面装有一块青玉)”可知，青铜盒子是最引人注目 的容器。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. What may the bronze altar be used for？ A. Offering heaven and earth. B. Honoring their ancestors. C. Putting sacrificial offerings. D. Showcasing Shu civilization. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第五段“Another new find from the past was a bronze altar nearly 0.9 meters tall， upon which researchers believe the people of the Shu civilization made offerings to heaven， earth and their ancestors. (另一个来自过去的新发现是一个近0.9米高的青铜祭 坛，研究人员认为，在这个祭坛上，蜀国文明的人们向天、地和他 们的祖先献祭)”可知，研究人员认为，在这个祭坛上，蜀时期的 人们向天、地和祖先献祭，由此可以推测，青铜祭坛用于放置祭 品。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. What can we learn from Ran Honglin’s words？ A. The ancient Shu civilization was not an isolated one. B. The ancient Shu civilization refused cultural exchanges. C. The ancient Shu civilization was quite different from others. D. The ancient Shu civilization learned a lot from Zhongyuan region. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Ran Honglin， an expert of the Sanxingdui cultural relics said that the diversity of the items found at the site indicated cultural exchanges between the various different ancient civilizations of China.(三星堆文物专家冉宏林表示，现场发现的物 品的多样性表明了中国不同古代文明之间的文化交流)”可知，现 场发现的物品多样性表明了古代文明之间存在着文化交流，由此可 推断，古蜀文明不是孤立的。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. Where is this text probably taken from？ A. A guild book. B. A story book. C. A research report. D. A newspaper. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 文章出处题。根据首段“ARCHAEOLOGISTS have recently made some stunning discoveries at the famed Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province.(考古学家最近在四川省著名的三星堆遗址有了惊 人的发现)”可知，考古学家在三星堆有了一些惊人的发现，尤其 是大写字母的文字排版模式，是引起读者的注意，所以本文应是出 自报纸。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D China’s first group of e-sport major graduates emerged in the summer of 2021， with data showing that even though this major had been underestimated by the public， the future appeared promising as there were hundreds of thousands of related jobs available. After the Ministry of Education decided that “electronic sport and management” should be listed in colleges’ major departments in September 2016， around 30 Chinese universities kicked off their e- sports major courses in the same year， to meet the needs of the rise of e-sport related industries in the Chinese market. “The major is designed to meet the demand，”said Zheng Duo， co-founder of Tianjin Hero Sports Management and a visiting professor from the Communication University of China (CUC). Chinese passion for e-sport is not in doubt， with more than 18， 000 e-sport companies registered as of 2021， according to a survey.The number of e-sport users in China reached 500 million in 2021， and the market had a value of more than 145 billion yuan as of 2020， according to a company’s data. Meanwhile， the industry chain is becoming more complete. Jobs in areas such as supervision and content production require talent and training.The number of available jobs is estimated at 500， 000， and could reach 3.5 million in the next five years， according to China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Well-known universities such as CUC and the Shanghai Theatre Academy have responded to the country’s call and are preparing graduates for the e-port market. Yet not every major graduate is qualified for the positions available， as the jobs normally require practical experience， which is something a lot of graduates lack. Industry insiders have indicated that e-sport is an industry with rapid iteration， and some companies prefer to hire people with experience instead of spending time training recruits. Roughly half of the graduates will enter the gaming industry， said Xiao Pi， an sport major graduate from CUC. “Some of the rest will pursue further studies for their master’s degree.” “Even though e-sport majors have advantages in finding jobs， students need practical experience to better suit the different positions，”said Gu Liming， president of Perfect World Games. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电子竞技 专业的现状和前景，以及对该专业的应届毕业生的要求。 12. What do the public think of the e-sport major according to data？ A. It attracts many companies. B. It deserves a promising future. C. It doesn’t make much difference. D. It can replace many other majors. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，公众低估电子竞技专业，认 为该专业没有什么发展，所以C选项“It doesn’t make much difference.(它不会产生太大影响)”符合题意。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. Why did universities start to offer e-sport major courses in 2016？ A. The Chinese had the potential for e-sport. B. The Chinese had great passion for e-sport. C. They wanted to respond to the country’s call. D. Industries of e-sport were developing quickly. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些高校开始电子竞技专业 课程目的是满足市场需求，D选项符合题意。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. Why are some major graduates disqualified for the positions available？ A. They haven’t got a master’s degree. B. They are short of practical experience. C. They are unfamiliar with the e-sport market. D. They have lost out in the fierce competition. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Yet not every...a lot of graduates lack.”可知，一些毕业生无法胜任现有职位的原因是缺乏实践 经验。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. What is the text mainly about？ A. E-sport appears to be more of a blessing. B. E-sport presents a new lifestyle for teenagers. C. The training for E-sport can’t be overestimated. D. Changes in sports bring about job opportunities. 答案：A 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，学生在寻找相关工作时，缺乏实践经 验，电子竞技专业的未来是有前途的，但建议毕业生多去实践，积 累经验，A项符合题意。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 写作规范练(三) Ⅰ.应用文写作——邀请信 假定你是李华，你校开设了乒乓球培训班，请给来自加拿大的 交换生Jeff写封邮件邀请他一起参加，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 课程安排。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Jeff， ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Yours， Li Hua [参考范文]  　Dear Jeff，　 To enrich our school life， a table tennis training class is opened in our school.I’m more than delighted to invite you to come and join us. As scheduled， the class will last a semester， starting from March 3.There will be one class at 4 p.m. every Friday with a period of 45 minutes.Besides， the class is suitable for students of different levels.Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before February 25.So don’t miss the deadline！ I do hope you can come and enjoy the charm of playing table tennis.Looking forward to your reply.  　Yours，　 　Li Hua　 Ⅱ.读后续写 (2024·一月九省联考)Last summer，Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park.Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items.However，one day after cleaning，one of the dolphins，Maya，presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank.When Katherine，the trainer，saw this，she blamed Hilda for her carelessness.Upset but not discouraged by this event，Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya. 　　The next morning，Hilda arrived at the park early.She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual， underwater sweep.Finding nothing in the tank，she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side.After what happened yesterday，Hilda knew what she was doing.She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search，but Hilda wasn’t surprised when she surfaced empty-handed. 　　During the tank sweeps，Maya had been swimming playfully，but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located.She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away.What was Maya doing back there？ Hilda wondered.She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box，and her question was answered.Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya’s path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear.As Katherine turned around， her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. 　　“Maya！ Where did you get that？” demanded Katherine， taking the comb and throwing her a fish.“I know where she got it，” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery，resting place.“What’s all this？” Katherine asked，obviously confused. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 　　“This is Maya’s secret，” Hilda said with a big smile. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　⁠ 　Now Katherine realized what had been going on. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] ⁠ “The truth of the matter，”Hilda continued，“is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank，hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank.When you train her，she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you.”“Really？ How do you know that？”Katherine asked in surprise.Hilda laughed and replied，“It took me a long time to discover this secret，too.It’s not easy to follow Maya.” “This is Maya’s secret，” Hilda said with a big smile.　“The truth of the matter，”Hilda continued，“is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank，hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank.When you train her，she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you.”“Really？ How do you know that？”Katherine asked in surprise.Hilda laughed and replied，“It took me a long time to discover this secret，too.It’s not easy to follow Maya.” ⁠Katherine thought to herself，“this is really a clever dolphin.”And she said to Hilda，“Well，Maya loves treats，so we’ll work together，and you’ll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank.I’ll give her treats，the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied，“Good idea，let’s do it.” From then on， the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony.Maya’s performance in front of the audience is getting better and better. Now Katherine realized what had been going on.　Katherine thought to herself，“this is really a clever dolphin.”And she said to Hilda，“Well，Maya loves treats，so we’ll work together，and you’ll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank.I’ll give her treats，the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied，“Good idea，let’s do it.” From then on， the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony.Maya’s performance in front of the audience is getting better and better. $$