Unit 4 Living with technology-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Living with technology 选择性必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 （主题语境:人与社会——科学发展） 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络 2. coin vt. 创造（新词语） 3. autonomous adj.自主的，有自主权的；自治的 4. database n. 数据库 5. hacker n. 黑客 6. fail-safe adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的 7. drone n. 无人驾驶飞机 8. licence （AmE license） n. 许可证，执照 9. capsule n. 小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱 10. fountain pen 自来水笔 11. muscular adj. 肌肉的；强壮的 12. headset n. 耳机 13. sensor n. 传感器，敏感元件 14. immersive adj. （计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的 15. fine-tune vt. 对……微调 16. state-of-the-art adj. 使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的 17. satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 18. gender n. 性别 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. castle n. 城堡 2. input n. 输入的信息；投入 vt.（input，input） 输入（信息） 3. capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量， 容积；职位，职责；生产量 4. analyse （AmE analyze） vt. 分析 5. massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 6. breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的 7. domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 8. murder vt.& n. 谋杀，凶杀 9. pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势 10. apparently adv. 显然，可见 11. warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 12. victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 13. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 14. theft n. 偷窃，盗窃罪 15. decrease vt.& vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 16. deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 17. quantity n. 数量；大量 18. airline n. 航空公司 19. spy vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见 n. 间谍 20. monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听 n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 21. stadium n. 体育场，运动场 22. highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分 vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 23. bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 24. fountain n. 喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 25. contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n. 同代人，同辈人 26. seed n. 种子；起源，起因 27. wheat n. 小麦，小麦粒 28. superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势 29. virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 30. definition n. 定义；释义，解释 31. practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的； 实事求是的 32. academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 33. twin n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 34. clone n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物） vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 35. barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 36. initial adj. 最初的，开始的 n. 首字母 37. weed n. 杂草，野草 38. expense n. 费用；开销；开支 39. pub n. 酒吧，酒馆 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. finance n.财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金 →financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的 2. threaten vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threat n.威胁， 恐吓 3. commit vt.犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间） vi.全心全意 投入，忠于→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的→commitment n.承 诺；保证；奉献 4. crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n.罪犯adj.犯罪的，犯法的 5. urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.冲动， 强烈的欲望→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n.紧急；急迫 6. demand vt.需要；强烈要求n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要 →demanding adj.（工作）要求高的，费力的；（人）苛求的 7. greedy adj.贪心的，贪婪的→greed n.贪婪，贪心 8. recognition n.识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→recognize vt.认出，识别；承认 9. distribution n.分发，分送；分配，分布→distribute vt.分配；散 布；分发 10. predict vt.预言，预告→prediction n.预测；预言 11. illegal adj.不合法的，非法的→legal adj.法律许可的，合法的 →legally adv.在法律上，合法地→illegally adv.违法地，非法地 12. conclude vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终 止→conclusion n.结论；推论 13. justified adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→justify vt.证明……正当；替……辩护 14. engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用； 与……建立密切关系→engagement n.婚约；约会→engaged adj. 忙于，从事于 15. optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimism n.乐观； 乐观主义 16. annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.愤怒的， 生气的→annoying adj.使生气的；使烦恼的→annoyance n.烦恼，生 气，恼怒；使人烦恼的事，令人生气的事物 17. globe n.球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→global adj.全球 的；总体的；球形的 18. envy n.& vt.羡慕，忌妒→envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的 1. （build） castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. to name but a few 略举几例 3. fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 4. break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始 （笑、唱等）；顺利打入 5. in large quantities 大量，大批 6. spy on 暗中监视，窥探 7. at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 8. a host of 许多，大量 9. boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 10. at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害） ……的情况下 11. like weeds 大量 12. come true 实现 13. be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事 14. in short 总之；简言之 15. a variety of 多种多样的 常见结构 1. to do 作目的状语 2. 过去分词短语作后置定语 3. what if... 4. before 引导的时间状语从句 5. 状语从句的省略 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.输入的信息；投入 vt.（input，input）输入（信息） 2. （AmE analyze） vt.分析 3. adj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 4. n.重大进展，突破 adj.突破性的 5. adj.家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 6. vt.& n.谋杀，凶杀 input　 analyse　 massive　 breakthrough　 domestic　 murder　 7. vt.造成，产生；提问，质询vi.摆好姿势 n.姿势 8. adv.显然，可见 9. n.警告，先兆；警戒 10. n.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 11. n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 12. vt.& vi.减少，降低n.减少，降低 13. vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 14. n.数量；大量 15. vi.从事间谍活动 vt.突然看见n.间谍 pose　 apparently　 warning　 victim　 alternative　 decrease　 deny　 quantity　 spy　 16. vt.监视，跟踪调查；监听n.显示屏；监测器；班长 17. n.最好（或最精彩）的部分 vt.突出，强调； 使醒目 18. vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 19. adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代 的 n.同代人，同辈人 20. n.优越感；优越性，优势 21. adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 22. n.定义；释义，解释 monitor　 highlight　 bury　 contemporary　 superiority　 virtual　 definition　 23. adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事 求是的 24. adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 25. n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一 的；成对的，成双的 26. n.好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物） vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 27. adj.最初的，开始的 n.首字母 28. n.费用；开销；开支 practical　 academic　 twin　 clone　 initial　 expense　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金 → adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→ adv. 财政上，金融上 2. vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→ ⁠ n.构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓 3. n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动→ n.罪犯 adj.犯罪 的；刑事的；不道德的 finance　 financial　 financially　 threaten　 threat　 crime　 criminal　 4. vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.冲 动，强烈的欲望→ adj.紧急的；急切的→ ⁠ adv.紧急地；急切地→ n.急切；紧迫 5. vt.需要；强烈要求n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要 → adj.要求高的；苛求的 6. n.识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 → v.认识，认出；承认；认可；赏识 7. n.分发，分送；分配，分布→ v.分 发，分配；使分布 urge　 urgent　 urgently　 urgency　 demand　 demanding　 recognition　 recognise/recognize　 distribution　 distribute　 8. vt.预言，预告→ n.预言，预告 9. adj.不合法的，非法的→ adv.非法地 → adj.合法的；法律的→ adv.合法地，在 法律上 10. vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使） 结束，终止→ n.结论，推论；签订，达成；结 束，结果 predict　 prediction　 illegal　 illegally　 legal　 legally　 conclude　 conclusion　 11. adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 → adj.公正的，合理的 adv.仅仅；正好；刚才→ ⁠ v.证明……正确→ n.公正，公平；合理 12. vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用； 与……建立密切关系→ n.雇用；约会，约定；订 婚；密切关系 13. adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→ n.乐 观，乐观主义→ n.乐观的人 justified　 just　 justify　 justice　 engage　 engagement　 optimistic　 optimism　 optimist　 14. vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→ adj. 使恼怒的，使生气的，使烦恼的→ adj.恼怒的，生气 的，烦恼的→ n.恼怒，生气，烦恼；使人烦恼的 事，令人生气的事物 15. n.球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→ ⁠ adj.全球的；全面的→ v.（使）全球化 → n.全球化 annoy　 annoying　 annoyed　 annoyance　 globe　 global　 globalize　 globalization　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. （建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. 略举几例 3. 受伤，受损，被害 4. 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利 打入 5. 大量，大批 6. 暗中监视，窥探 7. 处于最前列，进入重要地位 （build） castles in the air　 to name but a few　 fall victim to　 break into　 in large quantities　 spy on　 at the forefront of　 8. 许多，大量 9. 归结为，基本问题是 10. 在牺牲（或损害） ……的情况下 11. 大量 12. 实现 13. 有能力做某事 14. 总之；简言之 a host of　 boil down to　 at the expense of　 like weeds　 come true　 be capable of doing sth.　 in short　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. to do 作目的状语 ，many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward，including “deep learning”... 为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的人工智能（AI）的 方法，包括“深度学习” …… To achieve this aim　 2. 过去分词短语作后置定语 As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers ⁠ ⁠. 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工 智能发展带来的危险。 posed by the advances in AI　 3. what if... doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient？ 如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密 的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ 4. before 引导的时间状语从句 virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 What if I told you that　 It won’t be long before　 5. 状语从句的省略 ，you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. 网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣 服、360度全方位查看商品。 When shopping online　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. （2023·全国乙卷）According to a new study from market （analyze），1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. 2. （2023·北京卷）It has been proved that people have a bias （偏 向） towards the present，focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health，well-being and （finance） stability of their future selves or community. analysts　 financial　 3. （外研B6U6）I looked out of my study window，over the garden， the field，to the low hills beyond，and the ground went on and on，the sky was thick grey，and all the trees so many black and （threat） shapes. 4. （外研B1U4） A young person could be old；a woman could be a man；we could even be sharing our information with ⁠ （crime）. threatening　 criminals　 5. （2023·北京卷）Another is that loud and （urge） matters are given too much importance，making people ignore longer- term trends that arguably matter more. 6. （2023·全国甲卷） However，Cason’s theme is a more weighty （warn） about environmental destruction. 7. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Without your （recognize） and guidance，I couldn’t have written this article. 8. （外研B7U4）After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its （distribute）. urgent　 warning　 recognition　 distribution　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Some drugs taken （大量地） will cause permanent brain damage. 2. That young man is honest，cooperative and always there when you need his help. （总而言之），he’s reliable. 3. When the man was trying to （强行闯入银 行），he was caught by the police on the spot. 4. There are many kinds of music: jazz，blues，rock and roll and pop music， （略举几例）. 5. You’re so kind as to help others ⁠ （在牺牲被提拔的好的机会的情况下）. in large quantities　 In short　 break into the bank　 to name but a few　 at the expense of losing the good chance to be promoted　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 很明显，父母的首要职责是为孩子们提供保护。 ⁠ the primary duty of parents is to provide protection for children. 2. 考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常是很明智的，这也是迫不 得已。 Usually，I am sensible with money，as I have to be， ⁠ ⁠. It is clear that　 given that I don’t earn so much　 3. （北师B6U7）假如自己辛辛苦苦工作了十年的岗位消失了怎 么办？ ⁠ after working for 10 years in the field？ 4. 不久我就找到了一个薪水不错的工作。 ⁠ I found a job that paid well. What if your job disappears　 It wasn’t long before　 核心考点　互动探究 1. urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n.冲 动，强烈的欲望 ①Teachers should actively urge their students （make） the most of opportunities to gain academic knowledge. ②The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in ⁠ （urge） need of food，medicine and shelters. ③家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。 to make　 urgent　 →Parents should actively ⁠ .（urge sb.to do sth.） →Parents should actively ⁠ ⁠. （urge that...） ④人们敦促家长应该少花点时间上网，多花点时间陪孩子。 → ⁠ spend less time online but more time accompanying their children. urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities　 urge that their children （should） take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities　 It is urged that parents （should）　 （1）have/feel an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事 （2）urge sb.to do sth.催促/力劝某人做某事 urge sb.on鼓励，激励某人 urge that...（should） do sth.极力主张/呼吁…… It is urged that...（should） do sth.极力主张/呼吁……做某事 （3）urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 urgently adv.紧急地 in urgent need of紧急需要 （4）urgency n.紧迫 2. demand n.要求，所需之物；需求 （say strongly that you must have sth.），需要 vt.强烈要求；需要 ①The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers’ （demand）. ②Like running，race walking is physically ⁠ （demand），the expert says. ③The police demanded that he （give） them the names. ④汤姆的爆米花很受欢迎，在这个社区的需求量相当大。 Tom’s popcorn is quite popular， ⁠ in this community. demands　 demanding　 （should） give　 which is in great demand　 [归纳拓展]　宾语从句中用 （should＋） do的动词还有insist、 order、command、suggest （建议）、advise、recommend、 request、require、ask、urge等。 （1）in demand有需要 in great demand急需 meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求 （2）demand sth.of sb.向某人要求某物 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...（should） do sth.要求……做某事 （3）demanding adj.要求高的 3. alternative n.可供选择的事物 （one maybe used instead of another） adj.可供替代的；非传统的 ①You have the alternative ⁠ marrying or remaining bachelor. ②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to （communicate） with others. ③As far as I’m concerned，there is no alternative but ⁠ （adopt） alternative solutions. ④月初的时候，汤姆（Tom）和其他参赛者仍然一直在寻找玛丽 （Mary）的替代者。 At the beginning of the month，Tom and other participants were still ⁠. of　 communicating　 to adopt　 looking for an alternative to Mary　 [实战贴士]　“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达: do nothing but do sth.；have nothing to do but do sth.；have no choice but to do sth.； cannot choose but do sth. an alternative to... ……的替代品 There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择 ①To make things worse，when two objects in space crash，they break ⁠ many smaller pieces. ②They can sometimes break ⁠ and you have to spend time mending them. ③She needed to break ⁠ of her daily routine and do ④一个邻居报警说有两个男人正试图破门进入他家。 A neighbor called the police and reported two men ⁠ ⁠ his house. into　 down　 out　 trying to break into　 4. break into强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入 something exciting. break down分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉 break through突破；突围 break out爆发；突发 break out of从……中解脱 5. distribution n.分布，分配；分发，分送 ①Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets ⁠ the homeless people. ②我告诉那些国际生，茶分布在全国各地。 I told those international students that tea ⁠ all over the country. to　 is widely distributed　 （1）fair distribution公平分配 geographical distribution地理分布 the distribution of sth.某物的分配 （2）distribute vt.分配；分发；分布 distribute...to...把……分给…… distribute...among...在……中分发…… 6. decrease n.减少，降低 （reduction） vt.& vi.减少，降低 ①So even if emissions were to begin （decrease） today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. to decrease　 ②The number of poor men is ⁠ the decrease as the economy is growing. ③Population growth is decreasing 1.4％ each year. ④由于非法捕猎，野生动物的数量正在减少。 The number of wild animals is ⁠ owing to illegal hunting. on　 by　 on the decrease　 （1）decrease from...to...从……降低到…… decrease by...下降了…… （2）a decrease in...在某方面的降低 a decrease of... ……的降低 （3）increase v.& n.增加 7. quantity n.大量；数量 ①Not only （be） quantities of phytoplankton （浮游植物） in the ocean changing，but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ②If you buy these goods large quantities，we will offer a better price to you. ③A large quantity of wheat （have） been transported into mountainous areas. are　 in　 has　 ④我想推荐北京作为你的旅游目的地，因为北京有许多景点，包括 长城、故宫博物院等等。 I’d like to recommend Beijing as your travel destination， ⁠ ⁠， including the Great Wall，the Palace Museum，to name but a few. because Beijing has a large quantity of/large quantities of tourist attractions　 [实战贴士]　（1）a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也 可接不可数名词。 （2）“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的 一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 （1）a （large） quantity of/quantities of＋ 许多的，大量的 in quantity大量的 （2）quality n.质量 8. highlight n.最好（或最精彩）的部分 （an important detail） vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 （pick out sth.as an important part） ①I have the ⁠ of the passage with my .（highlight） ②Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain， still it （highlight） the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down... ③That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight ⁠ our trip. highlighted　 highlights　 highlighter　 highlights　 of　 ④你的简历应该突出自己的技能和成绩。否则，它将不能吸引别人 的注意力。 Your resume should ⁠； otherwise，it’ll fail to catch others’ attention. highlight your skills and achievements　 （1）highlight sth.（by...）（通过……）使……醒目/得到凸显 the highlight of... ……的精彩部分 （2）highlighter n.荧光笔 9. bury vt.埋葬，安葬 （place in a grave or tomb）；埋藏；覆盖； 遮盖；使陷入 ① （bury） his face in his hands，the victim tried to control his crying. ②He stood on the sidewalk with his hands （bury） in the pockets of his dark overcoat. Burying　 buried　 → ⁠， she didn’t know it was snowing outside.（现在分词短语作状语） → ，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.（过去分词短语作状语） Burying herself in watching the football match in the stadium　 Buried in watching the football match in the stadium　 ③Because she buried herself in watching the football match in the stadium，she didn’t know it was snowing outside. ④救援部队组成小分队，将被困的人们挖了出来，并将死者掩 埋了。 The rescue army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to ⁠. bury the dead　 [名师点睛]　表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有be absorbed in、be lost in、be devoted to、focus on、concentrate one’s attention on等。 （1）埋头于；专心于 （2）bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面 10. conclude vt.& vi.断定，推断出 （arrive at an opinion）； （使）结束，终止 （bring to an end）；达成，订立 ①John said he could conclude Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money. ② conclude/In （conclude），I would like to thank everybody who helped me. from　 To　 conclusion　 [归纳拓展]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有in short、to sum up、briefly （speaking）等。 （1）conclude sth.with...以……结束 conclude 从……中推断出…… to conclude总而言之，最后 （2）make a conclusion下结论 bring...to a conclusion使……结束 11. annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气（make sb.a little angry）；打扰，骚 扰（disturb，cause sb.trouble） ①The （annoy） thing about the scheme is that it’s confusing. ②To my ，my teacher was still ⁠ with me my academic performance.After all，I tried my best. （annoy） annoying　 annoyance　 annoyed　 at/about　 → ，he found they hadn’t waited for him. （annoyance） → he found they hadn’t waited for him. （what引导的主语从句） → he found they hadn’t waited for him.（it作 形式主语） To his annoyance　 What annoyed him was that　 It annoyed him that　 ③让他感到烦恼的是，他发现他们没有等他。 （1）annoy sb.with/by因……而使某人烦恼 （2）annoyed adj.烦恼的，恼火的 be annoyed at/about sth.因某事而生气 be annoyed with sb.对某人生气 （3）annoyance n.烦恼；令人恼火的事 to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是 （4）annoying adj.讨厌的；恼人的 ①Lucky you—I’m green envy！ ②Treat the flowers right and your garden will be the envy ⁠ the neighborhood. ③From what he said to me，I concluded he tried to hide his envy ⁠ me. with　 of　 of　 12. envy n.& vt.羡慕，忌妒 （feeling of discontent caused by sb.else’s good fortune or success） ④看到他们一家人其乐融融，我禁不住地羡慕他有这么一个亲密的 家族。 Seeing the family living in harmony with each other， ⁠ ⁠. I couldn’t help envying him having such a close family　 （1）sb.be green with envy某人眼红（忌妒） feel envy at/of sth.羡慕/忌妒…… be the envy of是令……羡慕或忌妒的对象 （2）envy sb.（doing） sth.羡慕/忌妒某人（做）某事 13. engage vt.& vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与…… 建立密切关系 ①They are （engage） in talks with the government. ②The woman who is engaged ⁠ my brother is pretty. ③He is currently engaged ⁠ a consultant. engaged　 to　 as　 ④She has broken off her （engage） to Charles. ⑤She has the ability to engage ⁠ young people. ⑥We are able to engage local people （help） the organization. engagement　 with　 to help　 （1）engage one’s interest/attention吸引某人的兴趣/注意力 engage sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 engage sb.as雇用某人为…… engage with 与……建立密切关系 engage in 从事，参加 engage sb.in sth.使某人参加某事 （2）engaged adj.忙于，从事于，已订婚的；被占用的，使用中的 get/be engaged in/on 忙于/从事于…… be engaged to sb.和某人订婚 （3）engagement n.订婚；约定，约会 engaging adj.迷人的；有趣的 14. [教材原句]　It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.用不了多久，虚拟 博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①Before they reached the stadium，the match had begun. ⁠ ②It will be a few years before we can make a breakthrough in this research. 11 11 在……之前　 过……时间才……　 ⁠ ③It will not be long before we get rid of the trouble in finance   1 ⁠ ④He took the bad news out of his mouth before I could stop him. ⁠ ⑤他的演讲太精彩了，过了好几分钟掌声才平息下来。 His speech was so great that ⁠ ⁠. 不久就……　 还没来得及就……　 it was several minutes before the applause died down　 （1）before引导时间状语从句时，翻译比较灵活，可译为“在…… 之前；……之后才……；（不久）就……；还没来得及就……”等 意义。 （2）含before的常用句式: ①It won’t be long before...不久就……（before从句用一般 现在时） ②It will be/take＋一段时间＋before...过……时间才…… （before从句用一般现在时） ③It wasn’t long before...没过多长时间就……（before从句用一 般过去时） ④It was＋一段时间＋before...用/过了多长时间才……（before 从句用一般过去时） 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. （2023·全国甲卷）You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more ⁠ （annoy） situations. 2. （2023·北京卷改编）The requirement for the applicants is committing themselves to （become） an expert. annoying　 becoming　 3. （2023·北京卷）While a routine involves repeated behaviour，it’s not necessarily performed in response to deep-rooted urge，as a habit is. 4. （人教B4U1）She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood （apparent）destroyed its medical properties. 5. （人教B4U5）What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand ⁠ food around the world. a　 apparently　 for　 6. （北师B7U10）Burst into tears she did.Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying her face ⁠ them，she proceeded to cry stormily. 7. （外研B5U4）Now we are （engage） in a great civil war，testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure. 8. （人教B6U1）What is Western art？ It is hard to give a precise （define）. in　 engaged　 definition　 维度2　熟词生义 1. pose A. v.造成，产生　 B. v.提出（问题）　C. v.摆姿势　D. n.姿势 （1）The delegates posed for a group photograph. ⁠ （2）We all know that nuclear weapons pose a threat to human security. ⁠ （3）The magazine posed a list of questions to each of the candidates. ⁠ （4）She adopted an elegant pose for the camera. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 D　 2. monitor A. n.显示器，显示屏　B. n.班长　C. v.密切监视，关注 （1）The details of today’s flights are displayed on the monitor. ⁠ （2）In our school，each student’s progress is closely monitored. ⁠ （3）The monitor is a student in a class who performs special duties， such as helping the teacher. ⁠ A　 C　 B　 4. Since you are a well-known lawyer，we decide to engage you as a legal adviser. ⁠ 5. Jaron Lanier coined the term “virtual reality” and pioneered its early development. ⁠ vt.雇用　 vt.创造　 3. At last，her father’s hard work has received popular recognition. ⁠ n.赏识　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 竭力主张我们应该尽力提高人们的环境保护意识。（urge） our best to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. 2. 我坚信，用不了多久我们就会建造一个干净的家园。（before） I hold the firm belief ⁠ ⁠. It is urged that we should try　 that it won’t be long before we build a clean home　 ①Because he his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside. ②Because he his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside. ③ his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.（现在分词短语作状语） ④ his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.（过 去分词短语作状语） buried himself in　 was buried in　 Burying himself in　 Buried in　 3. 因为他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。（bury） 4. The volleyball match is so significant that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule. → ⁠ everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.（倒装） 5. Hangzhou is distinguished for its fascinating scenery and attracts large numbers of tourists every year. → ，Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year.（形容词短语作状语） So significant is the volleyball match that　 Distinguished for its fascinating scenery　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 某英文报社正在举办主题为“畅想未来”的科技创意征文大 赛。请你以“Home Robots in the Future”为题写一篇英文短文，从 功能、用途两个方面描述日常生活中某件物品的未来。 Home Robots in the Future As science and technology develop rapidly，① ⁠ （新型的家庭机器人将会出 现）.Personally，home robots will be developed so perfectly ② ⁠ （它们能解决各 种问题）. new types of home robots will arise/appear　 that they will be able to deal with all kinds of problems　 ③ ，many new applications will be found for them. ④ ⁠ （他们将不仅能处理各种家务活），such as watching over babies， but they will also be able to communicate in any language.⑤ ⁠ ，they will be intelligent enough to understand how we feel，as a result，they will be able to tell some funny stories ⑥ ⁠ （让我们笑；非谓语动词短语） if we are sad. ⑦ ，home robots in the future will ⑧ ⁠ （在我们的生活中起着很重要的作用）. In a way　 Not only will they be able to deal with all kinds of housework　 In addition　 to make us laugh　 Anyhow　 play an important part in our life　 情 感 描 写 apparently adv.显然，可见 greedy adj.贪心的，贪婪的 optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的 urge n.冲动，强烈的欲望 annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.愤怒的， 生气的 envy n.& vt.羡慕，忌妒 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 动作 描写 commit vt.犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间） vi.全心 全意投入，忠于 bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 环境 描写 pub n.酒吧，酒馆 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 汤姆在酒吧里埋头喝酒。显然，他很恼怒。由于对金钱很贪 婪，他犯罪了，涉及盗窃。“明天，我可能会在监狱里。”他自言 自语地说。那一刻，他父母的话在他耳边响起，“保持乐观，一切 都会好起来的，我们永远爱你”。突然间，他有种想面对面地向受 害者道歉的冲动。他开始羡慕拥有自由的人。他意识到没有什么比 拥有自由更珍贵的了。 Tom .Apparently， ⁠ .Greedy for money，he ⁠ involving himself in theft.“Tomorrow，I might be in prison，” he said to himself.At that moment，his parents’ words rang in his ears， “Keep optimistic，and everything will be fine.We love you forever.” Suddenly， ⁠ face to face.He began to ⁠.He realized that nothing was more precious than having freedom. was buried in drinking in the pub　 he was annoyed　 committed a crime　 he had an urge to make an apology to the victim　 envy those who had freedom　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A （2023∙新课标Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college， John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥）.First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco- machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！ Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water. Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 体裁: 记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——科学技术——John Todd 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从 小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我 修复的原理来净化污水。 1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容以及第二段前两句可知，John聪颖 好学、好奇心很强。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句以及倒数第三段的内容可知， John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 答案:B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推知，作者提到福州的目的 是展示John想法的应用。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What is the basis for John’s work？ A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 答案:A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，John工作的基础是自然 可以自我修复。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B （2023·浙江强基联盟适应性考试）Noisy family？ Loud construction right outside your window？ A new flexible loudspeaker could help you rest easily.It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems. The new loudspeaker is about as thick as a few sheets of paper.It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces to control noise much easier，notes Jinchi Han，an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Lots of dome-shaped （圆顶状的） microstructures are in the centre of the new speaker.Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes.“The bottom layer lifts up the small domes so that they can vibrate （震动） freely，and the upper protective layer is thicker than the domes that are secured in the middle of the layers，” he explains.“So if you touch the surface， you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.” Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier. Each dome works as a tiny speaker.The domes can generate sound waves all together，in groups or individually.Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you.Those same speakers could then dampen or cancel unwanted sound.“If you desire，you could turn any space into a quiet zone where you could sleep or study with barely any noise，” Han says.He also sees applications in cars，airplanes，apartments or wherever unwanted noise is a problem. Large versions could be the next step for this super-thin speakers， says Lori Beckstead，a sound artist. “The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical，” Beckstead adds.She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic. 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科学技术——超薄扬声器 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技 术——可以降噪的超薄扬声器。 5. What can we learn about the new loudspeaker from the first paragraph？ A. It could reduce unwanted noise. B. It covers a vast area. C. It is flexible to any construction. D. It produces much noise. 答案:A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这种新型扬声器可以消除 噪声。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Why is the surface of the dome safe to touch？ A. The bottom layer lifts up the dome. B. It can generate sound waves all together. C. It is protected by the upper and bottom layers. D. The upper protective layer is thicker than the dome. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和最后一句可知，这些圆顶状的结 构被上下层材料夹在中间保护起来，因此它们不容易受损。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What is the benefit of the new material according to Han？ A. Loud noisy spaces are using it effectively now. B. It could control noise more effectively when used largely. C. Any space could be turned into a zero-noise one by using it. D. Wallpapering your bedroom with it creates comfortable sound. 答案:B 细节理解题。根据第四段:韩指出，大面积的新材料可以使控制 噪声变得更加容易。由此可知，大面积使用这种材料更容易控 制噪声。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is Beckstead’s attitude to the application of the new speakers？ A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 答案:A 观点态度题。根据最后一段Beckstead 的话可推知，Beckstead对这 种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——日常生活——户外运动 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是户外活 动的好处。 （2023·福建三明一模） The Upside to Being Outside Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good， whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while.One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham，Alabama.Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks，even though the average visit was only around half an hour.  　1　 For example，scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign.It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge...and for months afterwards，too.  　211　 1. 1 2 3 4 5 A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. B. According to many scientific studies，there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier，healthier，and more creative. C. What’s more，the lift people get from nature is long lasting. D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside，like swimming，riding bikes，or climbing trees. 1 2 3 4 5 E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen，it might be a good idea to switch it off. F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games， heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. G. So，kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后的for example可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以 该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段落的尾句可知，该段讲述的 是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，C项表述的内容与 举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　1　 For example，scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign.It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge...and for months afterwards， too.  　211　 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. B. According to many scientific studies，there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier，healthier，and more creative. C. What’s more，the lift people get from nature is long lasting. D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside，like swimming，riding bikes，or climbing trees. 1 2 3 4 5 E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen，it might be a good idea to switch it off. F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games， heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. G. So，kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. 答案:G 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的内容可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来快 乐，G项是对前面的总结，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 How does nature boost people’s happiness？ Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety，which benefits mental and physical health.Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings. To most people，it’s not news that nature can be calming.But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits，like improving creativity and problem- solving.  　3　 Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests.That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move！ 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. B. According to many scientific studies，there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier，healthier，and more creative. C. What’s more，the lift people get from nature is long lasting. D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside，like swimming，riding bikes，or climbing trees. 1 2 3 4 5 E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen，it might be a good idea to switch it off. F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games， heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. G. So，kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前中的multiple studies以及空后句子中的another可知，该空 格应该是关于在户外好处的相关研究，A项讲述的为一项关于户外 好处的研究，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity？ It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking.Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness.  　411　 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. B. According to many scientific studies，there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier，healthier，and more creative. C. What’s more，the lift people get from nature is long lasting. D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside，like swimming，riding bikes，or climbing trees. 1 2 3 4 5 E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen，it might be a good idea to switch it off. F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games， heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. G. So，kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. 答案:F 1 2 3 4 5 根据空格处于尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前可 知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来，F项中的 this means是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，F选项内容与 空前内容吻合。 1 2 3 4 5 Naturally，scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors.  　5　 From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity，there are lots of upsides to getting outside. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. B. According to many scientific studies，there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier，healthier，and more creative. C. What’s more，the lift people get from nature is long lasting. D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside，like swimming，riding bikes，or climbing trees. 1 2 3 4 5 E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen，it might be a good idea to switch it off. F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games， heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. G. So，kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后的recreation相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此 空处应提到相关内容，D项中的fun activities以及其后的举例内容与 空后内容一致。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 （2023·辽宁六校高三期初）Early spring can be a tough time in the Midwest.It can  　1　 both people and animals with its unexpected snowstorms. Every spring，migratory （迁徙的） birds camp out in a large pond near my house on the way to their summer  　2　.This year， besides geese，scaups，a type of diving duck spent days hanging out  　3　 eats.Then a snowstorm hit，followed by a very  　4　night. The next morning，I was shocked to see that all birds had  　5 　 overnight—except one lone female，who was diving  　6　 and dynamically in the circle of open water.Her movement and body heat had kept the  　7　 from coming close as I  　8　 her from my warm house. However，as the temperature dropped，the open water got smaller，and her movements slowed.I watched with  　9　 as she eventually stopped moving，fearing that something might happen. And then it happened:Two more ducks appeared， 　10　 next to her still body.More ducks came and the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving.Slowly，the circle of water  　11　 in size. Within minutes，the lone female was revived by her friends’ presence. This little duck wouldn’t have  　12　 another night without her friends.She，in turn，had kept that area of water  　13　，so her friends had a place to stop and  　14　 themselves.Sometimes，a tiny action—even our mere  　15　—might brighten one’s day，and even save one’s life. 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自然——人与动植物——鸭子和人类朋友 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一只鸭子 在朋友的帮助下度过了暴风雪时期，并同样帮助朋友作为回报 的故事，体现了不起眼的一举一动所蕴藏的力量。该篇故事生 动，题目有难度。 1. A. move B. scare C. beat D. Surprise 答案:D 由后文unexpected可知，暴风雪让人和动物都感到意外，而surprise就包含出乎意料之意。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. vacations B. camp C. habitat D. courses 答案:C 由常识知，候鸟在夏天和冬天位于不同的栖居地，春天是前往夏天 栖息地的时候。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. in search of B. regardless of C. instead of D. in terms of 答案:A 在迁徙途中候鸟必定需要寻找食物，且B、C、D项明显不合适。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. starry B. dark C. freezing D. peaceful 答案:C 暴风雪来临之后，随之而来的应是一个寒冷的夜晚。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. disappeared B. gathered C. panicked D. fainted 答案:A 由后文可知，刚开始这只鸭子可以保持水面不冻，等气温下降后就开始渐渐无能为力，直到后来出现其他鸭子才温暖了它，可以推测一夜之间其他鸟都离开了，只剩下这一只鸭子。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. patiently B. energetically C. calmly D. cautiously 答案:B dynamically意为充满活力的，与energetically为近义词，且从后文当温度降低时这只鸭子渐渐停止动作可知，之前应该是充满活力的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. house B. ice C. snowstorm D. water 答案:B 鸭子的活动和体温保持冰面不向中间结冰，洞口保持大小基本 不变。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. tended B. followed C. recorded D. watched 答案:D 我在温暖的房子里，鸭子在屋外的池塘里，所以我应该是在屋内观 察着它。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. relief B. doubt C. pleasure D. anxiety 答案:D 当我看到鸭子行动渐渐迟缓时，内心自然会感到紧张，生怕发生不好的事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. landing B. rowing C. circling D. feeding 答案:A 两只鸭子从别的地方出现，到了在水中的鸭子的身边，由原文推测，它们应该是围绕在冻僵的鸭子身边，故排除B、D；circle尤指在空中盘旋，而这些鸭子应该是来到它的身边，circle不合适。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. decreased B. enlarged C. transformed D. formed 答案:B 因为越来越多的鸭子来到它身边，体温使周围的冰渐渐融化，所以冰窟窿变大。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. spared B. wasted C. lasted D. slept 答案:C 如果没有它的伙伴，这只鸭子或许撑不过第二个晚上，生命不再持续。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. open B. still C. clean D. steady 答案:A 这只鸭子用体温保持水面不完全结冰，让它的伙伴有休息之处，不结冰就是水面敞开。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. motivate B. remind C. refresh D. judge 答案:C 水面是让鸭子们停下来休息的，休息过后便会觉得神清气爽。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. appreciation B. presence C. attitude D. request 答案:B 作者通过这个故事，告诉我们，仅仅是我们的出现也可能会帮助到他人，就像其他鸭子的出现挽救了那只鸭子。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 体裁: 说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科学技术——内窥镜手术工具 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种未来很有可能 大有开发前景的一体式内窥镜手术工具。 （2023·湖南炎德二模拟）3D bio-printing inside the human body could be possible thanks to a new soft robot.The device features 1. 　　　　　　 printing head directly mounted onto the tip of a soft robotic arm.This printing head，2. 　　　　　　 consists of soft artificial muscles that allow it to move in three directions，works very 3. 　　　　　　 （similar） to conventional desktop 3D printers. 1. 考查冠词。“printing head”在文中第一次出现，故应该用不定 冠词表示泛指概念，此处意为“一种”。 答案:a 2. 考查定语从句。此处应该用which引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代先行词“This printing head”，在从句中作逻辑主语。 答案:which 3. 考查词性转换。副词作状语，修饰谓语动词works。 答案:similarly The soft robotic arm can bend and twist and can be made at any length 4. 　　　　　　 （require）.The printing nozzle （喷嘴） can be programmed to print pre-determined shapes，or operated manually.5. 　　　　　　 addition，research team used a machine learning-based controller which can aid the printing process. 4. 考查非谓语动词。因为前面已经有由and连接的三个谓语动词 “can bend and twist”和“can be made”，所以此处应该用非谓语 动词，所填词与中心词“length”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此 应该用过去分词作后置定语。 答案:required 5. 考查介词。in addition“此外”。 答案:In The team 6. 　　　　　　 （explain） how the device could potentially be used as an all-in-one surgical tool to perform a range of 7. 　　　　　　 （function）.They said this could be especially important in surgery 8. 　　　　　　 （remove） certain cancers. 6. 考查动词的时态。根据从句中的“could”和上下文的时态特点 可知，此处应该用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。 答案:explained 7. 考查名词复数。根据a range of可知，此处应该用名词复数。 答案:functions 8. 考查非谓语动词。此处应该用动词不定式作目的状语。 答案:to remove The ability to carry out such multi-functional procedures 9. 　　　　　　 （demonstrate） on a pig’s intestine （肠） last month and the researchers say the results show that the device is a 10. 　　　　　　 （promise） candidate for the future development of an all-in-one endoscopic surgical tool.The next stage of development for the system is in vivo （活体的） testing on living animals to demonstrate its practical use. 9. 考查动词的时态和语态。所填词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾 关系，因此应该用被动语态；再根据last month可知，此处应该用 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。 答案:was demonstrated 10. 考查词性转换。promising“有前途的；有希望的”。 答案:promising 阅读语篇专练提升 A Four Preschool Winter Stories The Snowy Day by Ezra Jack Keats Keats captures that childhood joy of playing in the snow. The boy， Peter， puts on his snowsuit and heads out into the beautiful snow. The illustrations are absolutely beautiful. It is full of fun. Peter takes some snow home with him in his pocket only to find that it melted while he was taking a bath. Oh no！ Is that the last of snow？ Not to worry， the snow is waiting for Peter in the morning. How to Catch a Yeti （雪人） by Adam Wallace In this silly snowy adventure， the kids set a whole bunch of clever traps to catch a yeti. However， the yeti easily escapes and the traps backfire on the kids with funny results. If you look closely at the illustrations， you can find “hidden” members of the yeti’s family watching the kids. Winter Dance by Marion Dane Bauer This is a sweet story that teaches kids about how animals spend the winter. As the first snowflake falls on the fox’s nose， fox wonders what he is supposed to do in winter. The other forest animals tell him how they prepare for winter. Some fly south， others store food， and some hibernate （冬眠）.Unfortunately， none of these ideas will work for fox. Finally， another fox comes along and shares what foxes do in winter—they dance in the falling snow！ Bear is Awake: an Alphabet Story by Hannah E. harrison With hardly any words， the reader pieces the story together from the fantastic illustrations and the alphabet letter and corresponding word on each page.In this book， a bear awakens too early （A＝awake） and sets off in search of food.It finds a little girl in a cabin， who， through a series of humorous events， helps the bear return to its home and go back to sleep. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章向我们介绍了四本适 合学龄前儿童看的有关冬天的书。 1. In which book is the leading character Peter？ A. The Snowy Day. B. How to Catch a Yeti. C. Winter Dance. D. Bear is Awake:an Alphabet Story. 答案:A 细节理解题。根据The Snowy Day by Ezra Jack Keats部分中的“The boy， Peter， puts on his snowsuit” 可知，A项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. What’s the book Winter Dance about？ A. The joy of playing in the snow. B. The way animals spend the winter. C. The story of animals hibernating. D. A bear in search of food. 答案:B 细节理解题。根据Winter Dance by Marion Dane Bauer部分中的 “This is a sweet story that teaches kids about how animals spend the winter.” 可知，B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. Who wrote the book with hardly any words？ A. Ezra Jack Keats. B. Adam Wallace. C. Marion Dane Bauer. D. Hannah E. harrison. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据Bear is Awake: an Alphabet Story by Hannah E. harrison部分中的“With hardly any words”可知，D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B Kristin Harila barely missed her chance to set a new record this year， but at least she’s getting a consolation （安慰） prize. Harila was named European Adventurer of the Year on November 30， 2022 during ISPO， the world’s largest sports fair in Munich， Germany. The organization behind the award spoke highly of Harila’s achievements in the Greater Ranges. “She is 36 years old and the first from Norway to win the award，” the group said in a news release.“During 2022， she has reached 12 of the world’s 14 highest peaks over 8，000 metres. With her strong spirit， speed， and spirit of adventure， Kristin Harila has shown the world that women can play in the same level as men.” This year， Harila tried to break the record of Nirmal Purja of Nepal. In 2019， she summited （登上顶峰） all 14 of the 8，000 m peaks in 189 days. It later turned out that Purja had settled for sub- summits on two of the peaks. She returned in subsequent seasons and summited Dhaulagiri and Manaslu properly， making her actual record more like two years. But Harila almost certainly would have defeated Purja’s original six-month time had she received a permit from China to climb Cho Oyu and Shishapangma.China has been closed to foreign mountaineers for some reason. She attempted Cho Oyu from Nepal in the fall， but heavy snow from an endless monsoon （季风） ended that attempt. Yet Harila still managed to set several other records during the attempt. Harila is the fastest person to summit six 8，000 m mountains in spring in Nepal （25 days） and the fastest woman from peak to peak between Qomolangma and Lhotse （8.5 hours）. “It is a great honour to win the award as European Adventurer of the Year，” Harila said this week. “My goal was to draw attention to women who engage in mountain climbing and other expedition （探 险） sports.” Despite the disappointment， Harila shows no signs of slowing down. She heads back to Nepal on Thursday to have another go at Cho Oyu， this time in winter. She also plans to redo her 14 peaks project in the future. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。2022年11月30日，在德国 慕尼黑举行的世界最大体育博览会ISPO期间，Kristin Harila被评为 欧洲年度冒险者。文章简要介绍了Kristin Harila的事迹。 4. What can we know about Harila？ A. She is the fastest person from peak to peak. B. She summited all 14 of the 8，000 m peaks in 189 days. C. She was named European Adventurer of the Year in 2022. D. She is the fastest person to Cho Oyu from Nepal in the fall. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Harila was named European Adventurer of the Year on November 30，2022 during ISPO”可知答案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What was Harila’s target？ A. To set new world records. B. To defeat Nirmal Purja of Nepal. C. To raise awareness for women involved in expedition sports. D. To encourage more women to take part in expedition activities. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第六段“My goal was to draw attention to women who engage in mountain climbing and other expedition sports.”可知答案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. Which of the following can best describe Harila？ A. Kind and strong. B. Helpful and careful. C. Strict and hardworking. D. Adventurous and determined. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。 Harila常年攀登世界各地的最高峰，说明她是爱冒险 的，根据最后一段中“She heads back to Nepal on Thursday to have another go at Cho Oyu， this time in winter. She also plans to redo her 14 peaks project in the future.”可知，她是坚定的，不屈不挠的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. Where can you read the text probably？ A. In a newspaper. B. In a travel book. C. In a textbook. D. In a science magazine. 答案:A 文章出处题。根据报纸的时效性特点可知答案选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.This extraordinary tropical jungle is roughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S. The Amazon surrounds the Amazon River and its many tributaries. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by volume discharged. It stretches 4，225 miles— from the peaks of the Peruvian Andes to the beautiful beaches of Brazil. Scientists estimate there are 390 billion trees in the Amazon Rainforest， including over 16，000 species. The Amazon supports at least 427 mammal species， 3，000 species of freshwater fish， over 1，300 species of birds， 378 types of reptiles， and 400 species of amphibians. Notice how we didn’t mention any invertebrates （无脊椎 动物） ， like insects and arachnids？ That’s because the Amazon’s gargantuan population of invertebrate species climbs well into the millions. And that only includes the species we’ve identified so far！ But how does this giant ecosystem support so many diverse organisms？ Scientists divide the Amazon into four ecological layers: the forest floor， the understory， the canopy and the overstory. Each layer plays an important role in the health and survival of the rainforest. The forest floor is where the rainforest finds its humble beginnings. The roots of towering trees grow in thick， low-nutrient soil laid over a layer of volcanic rock. Without deep， rich soil， the forest floor’s tropical vegetation depends on decomposers （分解物）， like bacteria， fungi （真菌） and insects. These essential organisms pull nutrients from dead organic material， like leaves， wood， and animal bodies. Vital for nutrient cycling， vigorous mushrooms， like the scarlet cup and the veiled lady， decorate the forest floor. Some of these fungi can give out light. When the sun sets over the Amazon， these radiant mushrooms light the forest floor like magical nightlights. Very little sunlight penetrates （穿透） the upper layers of the rainforest， so the forest floor remains dark and damp year-round. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了亚马逊 雨林的一些基本知识。 8. What does the underlined word “tributaries” in paragraph 1 probably mean？ A. Origins. B. Banks. C. Branches. D. Types. 答案:C 词义猜测题。这片非凡的热带雨林的占地面积大约相当于美国的48 个州，并被亚马孙河及其许多支流环绕。此处“tributaries”的含义 是:支流。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. How does the author develop the second paragraph？ A. By listing figures. B. By giving definition. C. By making comparisons. D. By reasoning and analyzing. 答案:A 推理判断题。第二段是通过列数字展开的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. Where are the rainforest’s humble origins？ A. The canopy. B. The overstory. C. The understory. D. The forest floor. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The forest floor is where the rainforest finds its humble beginnings.”可知答案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. What’s the best title for the text？ A. The Secrets of the Amazon Rainforest B. The Functions of the Amazon Rainforest C. The Evolution History of the Amazon Rainforest D. The Importance of Protecting the Amazon Rainforest 答案:A 标题归纳题。文章向我们介绍了亚马逊雨林的一些基本知识。 故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D From ordering food to buying a new book to making a charitable donation， more and more decisions that used to be made on paper are now being made on digital devices like tablets， phones， and computers. And this trend towards digitalization has many advantages， in particular when it comes to efficiency and sustainability—but could it also be negatively influencing how we make decisions？ We conducted a series of studies with more than 2，500 participants across the U. S. and China to explore the impact of the medium you use to make a decision， with a particular focus on decisions with some sort of moral component， such as whether or not to make a donation to a charity， or whether to choose a healthy or unhealthy entrée （主菜） at a restaurant. We asked the participants to make a variety of these sorts of choices using either a paper form or a digital tablet， and despite controlling for all other variables （变量） ， we consistently found that people who used paper made more moral decisions than those who used a digital device: For example， participants who read their choices and made a selection on paper were significantly more likely to give money to charity， choose a healthy entree， and opt for an educational book rather than something more entertaining. Why might this be？ Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is how “real” the decision feels. We asked participants in two of our studies to describe how real a decision felt， as well as the extent to which they believed the decision as representing who they were as people， and they consistently indicated that making a choice on paper felt more real and representative than making the same decision on a digital device. It may seem like a minor detail， but our research shows that the medium with which your customers， employees， or community members make a decision can have a major impact on the choices they make.This has implications （暗示） for marketers， policymakers， and anyone seeking to encourage any sort of virtuous behaviour. For example， to encourage customers to choose healthier options， restaurants might consider opting for paper rather than digital menus. Similarly， parents and educators might opt to provide students with paper rather than online book order forms， to increase the chances that they’ll choose educational reading materials. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当前趋势:人 们如今普遍在电子设备上做出决策。但是研究发现，在纸上做出的 决策更好。 12. What do we know about the studies？ A. The participants are all from America. B. The participants are divided into three groups. C. The studies pay special attention to decisions with moral component. D. The studies prove the efficiency and availability of the digital device. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“with a particular focus on decisions with some sort of moral component”可知，C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. What main mechanism is responsible for this effect mentioned in the text？ A. The awareness of environmental protection. B. People’s objection to trend towards digitalization. C. The real feeling caused by making decisions on paper. D. People’s care about their identity when making decisions on paper. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“making a choice on paper felt more real and representative”可知，C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. What can we infer about the research finding from the last paragraph？ A. It has practical value. B. It needs improvement. C. It can stand the test of time. D. It makes sense in every situation. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可以推测出，这一发现有它 的实用价值，即通过提供纸质材料促使人们做出更好的决策。 故A项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. What’s the main idea of the text？ A. Pen and paper will never be replaced. B. We encourage everyone to make a responsible choice. C. We make more moral choices when using pen and paper. D. Educational reading materials should be provided in the form of paper. 答案:C 主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容可知，C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 写作规范练（五） Ⅰ.应用文写作——求助信 　　（2023·山东泰安期中）假定你是李华，你准备参加学校即将 举办的英文歌曲大赛。请给你班交换生Anna写一封邮件求助她给 予指导，内容包括: 　　1. 说明比赛要求； 　　2. 请她推荐歌曲； 　　3. 请求陪同练习。 　　注意:1.词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Anna， ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文]  　Dear Anna，　 　　I’m writing to ask for your help. Our school will hold an English singing contest next weekend. I have signed up for it. It is required that the theme should be about nature.Each contestant is given up to five minutes to sing the song. So， would you please give me some recommendations on which song to choose？ Besides，what I need is the skills of singing， including pronunciation and intonation，which will perfect my performance.I’d appreciate it if you could practice with me. Looking forward to your reply.  Yours sincerely， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 （2024·河北部分重点高中月考） Sandro was born and grew up in Milan. Until he was 13 years old，he never wanted to leave his hometown. But last year，Sandro’s father’s investment went bad， wiping out the family and sending his parents to prison. As a teenager under 16 years old，Sandro was forced to go to Newcastle in the northeast of England to stay with his uncle Lawrence. Sandro had a lot of difficulties in the new environment. He didn’t like the food in England. Nobody could forecast the weather in Newcastle. He had to start learning the second foreign language in his new school. Pocket money was not enough as usual. Almost every subject was a challenge for him. Most importantly，he had no friends. It seemed nobody knew him and he knew nobody in the school. On an early summer evening，when Sandro was going home alone from school as usual，a man called him from behind. Sandro turned around and saw Eddie，his PE teacher，standing in front of him. “You know，the school will have a swimming competition next month. There will be all kinds of races. Will you participate？” Eddie asked. Sandro took a look at Eddie with doubt and answered，“You sure？ Me？ No. I won’t. I can swim，but I’m slower than a snail.” Eddie smiled and then said，“Yes. Indeed. You are，in breaststroke （蛙泳），in backstroke，and in butterfly，but not in freestyle. So join the freestyle race！ 200-meter freestyle is the game suitable for you.” Sandro was speechless at that moment. He had never known someone in the school was observing him and caring for him. “I don’t think I can win anything，” Sandro was still a little puzzled. “But you may get more recognition and consequently you can make some friends. That is more important than prizes，” Eddie responded immediately. Having hesitated for a while，Sandro agreed to have a try. 注意:续写词数应为150 左右。 Every afternoon for the next month，Sandro trained really hard. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　Sandro dived into the pool confidently like other competitors. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文]  Every afternoon for the next month，Sandro trained really hard. Starting position，starting dive，turning，pushing off，touching the timing pad，all details，he practiced them over and over. Whenever he was exhausted，Eddie’s words echoed in his mind and supplied extra energy to him. “Maybe I can’t be the champion of the game，but I can be the champion for myself.” He spoke in a low mumble to himself after he finished the last training. Finally，the day of competition arrived. With the sound of the starting gun piercing through the air，the race began as expected.  Sandro dived into the pool confidently like other competitors.　 He swam as freely as a fish. 150 meters covered，he was left behind by 2 competitors. In the last 50 meters，Sandro swam magnificently，with his arms pushing forward fast，his legs hitting the water hard. Finally， the championship was still out of his reach. When the result was announced that Sandro won third place，however，other players congratulated him，the audience in the stadium bursting into thunderous applause. As teacher Eddie said，he won the recognition and respect from others with his effort. $$