Unit 3 Fit for life-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 3　Fit for life 选择性必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 （主题语境:人与社会——医学进展，疾病与健康） 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. gene n. 基因 2. game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的（指彻底改变事态发展的） 3. genome n. 基因组，染色体组 4. lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 5. wrestle vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤 6. limb n. 肢，臂，腿 7. head-on adv. 积极地，果断地；正面相撞地 adj. 迎头相撞的；正面反对的 8. centimetre （AmE centimeter） n. 厘米 9. acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 10. stainless adj. 不生锈的 11. steel n. 钢；钢铁工业 12. millimetre （AmE millimeter） n. 毫米 13. tongue n. 舌头；语言 14. pulse n. 脉搏 vi. 搏动，跳动；洋溢着 15. wrist n. 手腕，腕关节 16. bandage n. 绷带 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. surgeon n. 外科医生 2. physician n. 医师，内科医生 3. dentist n. 牙科医生 4. cell n. 细胞 5. contract vt. 感染（疾病）；与……订立合同（或契约） n. 合同，合约 6. virus n. 病毒；（计算机程序中的）病毒 7. cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤 8. means n.（pl.means） 方法，方式；财富，钱财 9. delete vt. 删去，删除 10. restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 11. ultimately adv. 最终；根本上 12. weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器 13. fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础 14. pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vt.& vi. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 15. arise vi.（arose，arisen） 生，出现；（由…… ）引起，（因……）产生 16. flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 17. characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的 18. debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论 19. finding n. 调查发现，调研结果 20. ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的 21. withdraw vi.& vt.（withdrew，withdrawn） 　　 脱离（社会），不与人交往；（使）撤回； （使）退出；停止提供 22. artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的 23. rubber n. 橡胶；橡皮 24. outgoing adj. 外向的 25. conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的 26. leather n. 皮革 27. sensory adj. 感觉的，感官的 28. patent n. 专利，专利证书 adj. 有专利的，受专利保护的 29. fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n. 燃料 30. tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 31. needle n. 针；注射针；指针 32. solid adj. 实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 33. switch vi.& vt. 转变；交换；调班 n. 开关，闸；转变，改变 34. clinic n. 私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 35. organ n. 器官；风琴；机构，机关 36. severe adj. 十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 37. abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 38. tobacco n. 烟草 39. drug n. 毒品；药物 40. phenomenon n.（pl.phenomena） 现象 41. substance n. 物质；要点 42. symbol n. 象征；符号，代号 43. widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 44. department n. （医院的）科，部门，局，系 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. chemist n.药剂师，药商；化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的 2. specialize （also specialise） vi.专门研究（或从事），专攻 →special adj.特殊的；特别的 n.特别活动（或节目等）；特制产 品；特价 3. affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动→affection n.喜爱；钟爱 →effect n.作用；影响 4. identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→identity n.身份；本身 5. relate vi.& vt.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述→related adj.有关系 的；有关联的→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系 6. abnormal adj.反常的，畸形的→normal adj.正常的，标准的 7. restrict vt.限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束→restriction n.限 制，约束→restricted adj.受限制的 8. prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能→prohibition n.禁止； 禁令 9. resistance n.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→resist v.抵抗；抗 拒→resistant adj.抵抗的，反抗的 10. equip vt.配备；使有能力→equipment n.设备 11. grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→gratitude n.感谢；感激 12. disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷，障碍 13. disturb vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引 起恐慌的→disturbed adj.感到不安的 14. adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理→adjustment n.调 整；调节→adjustable adj.可调节的 15. evidence n.证据，证明；物证，人证 vt.证明，表明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv.明显地，显而易见地 16. examine vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 →examination n.考试；检查 17. anxiety n.焦虑；担心；渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的；担忧的；渴 望的；急切的→anxiously adv.焦急地；担忧地 18. alcohol n.酒精，酒→alcoholic adj.酒精的；含酒精的n.酒鬼；嗜 酒如命者 19. infection n.传染，感染→infected adj.被感染的→infectious adj.传 染的；易传染的 1. relate to 涉及，与……有关 2. prohibit sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 3. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 4. put sth.in place 准备就绪 5. without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 6. a ripe old age 高龄 7. go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 8. date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 9. play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用 10. serve as 充当/作为…… 11. take the place of 代替 12. be made of 由……制成 13. in addition to 除了…… 常见结构 1. as...as... 2. make＋it＋adj.＋to do 3. 疑问词＋不定式 4. without用于虚拟语气 5. there be＋n.＋to be done 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. vt.感染（疾病）；与……订立合同（或契约） n.合 同，合约 2. n.（pl.means） 方法，方式；财富，钱财 3. vt.删去，删除 4. vt.恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 5. adv.最终；根本上 contract　 means　 delete　 restore　 ultimately　 6. adj.十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n.基 本规律，根本法则，基础 7. n.发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vt.& vi.来回踱步， 走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 8. vi.（arose，arisen）发生，出现；（由…… ）引起， （因…… ）产生 9. n.特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的 10. vt.& vi.讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考n.讨论，争论； 辩论 fundamental　 pace　 arise　 characteristic　 debate　 11. adj.成熟的；时机成熟的 12. vi.& vt.（withdrew，withdrawn） 脱离 （社会）， 不与人交往；（使）撤回；（使）退出；停止提供 13. adj.人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的 14. adj.外向的 15. adj.传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循 习俗的 16. adj.感觉的，感官的 17. n.专利，专利证书 adj.有专利的，受专利保护的 ripe　 withdraw　 artificial　 outgoing　 conventional　 sensory　 patent　 18. vt.增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n.燃料 19. vt.应付，处理，解决 20. adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 21. vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n.开关，闸；转变，改变 22. adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 23. vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 24. n.（pl.phenomena）现象 25. n.象征；符号，代号 26. adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 fuel　 tackle　 solid　 switch　 severe　 abuse　 phenomenon　 symbol　 widespread　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.药剂师，药商；化学家→ n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→ n.化学 2. vi.专门研究（或从事），专攻 → adj.特殊的，特别的；有专门目的的，起专门作用的 3. vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 → n.身份；特性；一致→ n.确认；身 份证明；鉴定，辨认 chemist　 chemical　 chemistry　 specialize/specialise　 special　 identify　 identity　 identification　 4. vi.& vt.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述→ adj. 有联系的，相关的；有亲属关系的→ adj.相关联的；相 比较而言的→ n.联系；亲属→ n.关系， 联系 5. adj.反常的，畸形的→ adj.正常的 6. vt.限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 → adj.（大小或数量）有限的，很小的；（指能做的 事）有限的，受限制的→ n.限制；约束；制约因素； 限制规定 relate　 related　 relative　 relation　 relationship　 abnormal　 normal　 restrict　 restricted　 restriction　 7. vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能→ ⁠ n.（尤指通过法律的）禁止；禁令 8. n.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→ v. 抵制，阻挡；反抗 9. vt.配备；使有能力→ n.设备；配 备，装备 10. adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→ v.使丧失 能力，使伤残→ n.缺陷，障碍 prohibit　 prohibition　 resistance　 resist　 equip　 equipment　 disabled　 disable　 disability　 11. vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→ adj.令人不 安的，引起烦恼的 12. vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 → n.调整，调节；适应→ adj.可调整 的，可调节的 13. vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 → n.主考人，考官；审查人，检查人 → n.检查，检验；审查，调查 disturb　 disturbing　 adjust　 adjustment　 adjustable　 examine　 examiner　 examination　 14. n.焦虑；担心；渴望→ adj.忧虑的，担 心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→ adv.焦虑地 15. n.传染，感染→ v.传染，使感染 → adj.传染性的，感染的 anxiety　 anxious　 anxiously　 infection　 infect　 infectious　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 涉及，与……有关 2. 禁止某人做某事 3. 努力处理，全力解决 4. 准备就绪 5. 毫无疑问，的确 6. 高龄 7. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力 做某事 relate to　 prohibit sb.from doing sth.　 wrestle with　 put sth.in place　 without doubt　 a ripe old age　 go to great lengths to do sth.　 8. 追溯到，始于，自……至今 9. 在……中起关键作用 10. 充当/作为…… 11. 代替 date back to　 play a critical role in　 serve as　 take the place of　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. as...as... Over the course of my career，I have seen many wonderful scientific developments，but none are ⁠ genome editing. 在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项 能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。 as game-changing as　 2. make＋it＋adj.＋to do Ultimately，this new technology might even ⁠ ⁠ diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. 最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。 make it possible to prevent　 3. 疑问词＋不定式 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however， questions arise about ⁠. 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的 问题。 4. without用于虚拟语气 Without them，genome editing ⁠ out of control. 如果没有它们，基因组编辑可能和失去控制的汽车一样危险。 how to use it appropriately　 could be as dangerous as a car　 5. there be＋n.＋to be done ⁠ and debated on the subject of genome editing. 关于基因组编辑技术这一主题，仍然有许多待探索和讨论的地方。 There is still much to be explored　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. （2023·北京卷） （ultimate） ALife may be nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps， just like life itself throughout the universe，the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 2. （2023·全国甲卷） Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly （affect） at getting grizzlies away. Ultimately　 effective　 3. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for ⁠ （relate） between the generations. 4. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this （specialize） place. 5. （北师B5U5） With these severe （restrict） to her communication，Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable. 6. （译林B6U3）With only minor injuries，he was able to help others who were （severe） burnt and in terrible pain. relations　 special　 restrictions　 severely　 7. （外研B6U2）Now，after eight months of endless ⁠ （adjust），the time has finally come for Mr.Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong. 8. （人教B7U4） There is no （equip），and since there isn’t even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin！ adjustments　 equipment　 9. （2023·浙江1月卷） I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and （grate） creature，and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away. 10. （外研B6U1） My （anxious） drove me to try every means possible to lose weight，including dieting and weight-loss pills，but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health. grateful　 anxiety　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. （北师B5U5）She’d had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could （理解海伦所面临的困 境）. 2. Considering the safety，we must ⁠ （禁止游客投喂动物） in the park. 3. They will ⁠ （竭尽全力去帮助在地震中失去父母的 孩子）. relate to Helen’s difficulties　 prohibit visitors from feeding the animals　 go to their lengths to help the children who lost their parents in the earthquake　 4. They’re offended by the elaborate security measures the police have （准备就绪）. 5. The smartphone is （毫无疑问） one of the most important inventions of all time because it’s so useful. 6. Matilda was born in northern Italy in 1046 and apparently lived to （高龄）. 7. The government is （努力处 理经济问题）. 8. It’s believed that these plant fossils （追溯到） the age of the dinosaurs. put in place　 without doubt　 a ripe old age　 wrestling with economic problems　 date back to　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 如果没有你的帮助，我的中文不可能在这么短的时间内提高得这 么快。 Without your help，I ⁠ my Chinese so rapidly in such a short time. 2. 我们老师立下一个规矩，课上不能讲话。 Our teacher ⁠ in class. 3. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。 ，I do not have much time available. couldn’t have improved　 makes it a rule not to talk　 While I am willing to help　 4. 随着秋天的到来，她变得焦躁不安——同样的旅行癖又回来了。 ，she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. 5. 如今，这些洞穴与人们在丝绸之路上跋涉时一样国际化。 Today，the caves are just ⁠ at the time when people traveled the Silk Road. As autumn comes　 as international as they were　 核心考点　互动探究 1. affect vt.影响 （influence）；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 （make sb.have a strong feeling of sadness，pity，etc.） ①With the government’s aid，those people （affect） by the earthquake have moved to the new settlement. ②The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from （affect） you. ③I propose that you choose some gifts with New Zealand features， which is bound to win your friend’s （affect）. affected　 affecting　 affection　 ④Many young people were affected by his story.They began to do volunteer work for the disabled. → ，many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.（分词短语作状语） ⑤我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有着积极的影响。 I ，whose words and deeds ⁠. Affected by his story　 feel much affection for my mom　 have a positive effect on me　 （1）be deeply affected by被……深深打动 be affected with感染……疾病 （2）effect n.作用；影响 have an effect/influence on对……产生影响 [实战贴士]　“被深深地感动”的表达: be deeply moved；be deeply touched；be deeply affected 2. relate vi.& vt.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述 ①（2023·北京卷）A “habit loop（环）” is a way of describing several （relate） elements that produce habits. related　 ②（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate ⁠. ③Determining where we are in （relate） to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. ④明晚要举行的聚会与中国传统习俗有关。 The party to be held tomorrow evening ⁠ traditional Chinese customs. to　 relation　 is related to　 [名师点睛]　表示“与……有关”的短语还有be connected with、be concerned with、have something to do with等。 （1）relate sth.to sb.向某人叙述/讲述某事 relate...to...把……和……联系在一起 relate to sb./sth.涉及，与……相关；能够理解并同情 （2）related adj.相关的；有亲属关系的 be related to和……有关的；和……有联系的 （3）relation n.关系，联系 in relation to 关于；与……相比 （4）relationship n.关系，联系 3. means n.方式，方法（approach， method， way）；途径 ①Every possible means （use） to solve this problem so far. ②You’d better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also ⁠ （展示你良好餐桌礼仪 的一种方式）. ③The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought. → ⁠ as simple as we first thought.（倒装句） has been used　 a means of showing your good table manners　 By no means is the problem　 [实战贴士]　当means表示“方法，方式”时，单复数同形。当 means作主语，有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数； 有some，several，many，few，all等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 （1）a means of （doing） sth.（做）某事的方法/途径 （2）by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法 by all means无论如何；当然可以（口语） by no means决不；无论如何都不（位于句首，句子用部分 倒装） 4. arise vi.（arose；arisen；arising） 发生，出现 （appear）； （由…… ）引起，（因……）产生 （occur）；引起；起身，起床 （get up or stand up） ①Emotional or mental problems can arise ⁠ a physical cause. ②A number of high buildings have （arise）where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. ③In the end，the workers arose ⁠ their cruel bosses. ④有些人不赞成上课。在他们看来，许多心理问题是太多的学习负 担导致的。 Some people disapprove of having classes.In their opinion，many mental problems ⁠. from　 arisen　 against　 arise from too much study burden　 [实战贴士]　arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一 般为argument、difficulty、misunderstanding、problem、quarrel、 trouble等抽象名词，无被动语态。 arise from＝arise out of由……引起/产生；从……中产生 arise from one’s chair/seat从椅子/座位上站起来 5. debate vt.& vi.讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考n.讨论，争论；辩论 ①We debated ⁠ what should be put into the video. ②Over the year we have had several heated （debate） about future policy. ③At college he gained a reputation for being a brilliant ⁠ （debate）. on/about　 debates　 debater　 ④It’s reported that the new policy is being discussed now. →It’s reported that the new policy is ⁠ now. ⑤我们必须讨论应该采取什么措施来阻止空气污染。 ⁠ ⁠ under debate　  　We must debate what measures should be taken to stop the air pollution.　 （1）have a debate on/about sth.进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论 a heated debate 一场激烈的辩论 under debate在讨论中 beyond debate无可争辩 （2）debater n.辩论者 6. without doubt（＝beyond doubt） 毫无疑问，确实 ①There is no doubt ⁠ it is unwise of him to be addicted to drug abuse. that　 ②The running race has been， doubt，one of the most rewarding events we have participated in so far. without/beyond　 → ⁠ he is qualified for the position he wants to apply for.（doubt v.） → ⁠ he is qualified for the position he wants to apply for.（doubt n.） ④毫无疑问，对于这个问题，不同的人有不同的看法。 as to this issue，different people have different ideas. I doubt whether/if　 I have some doubt whether　 There is no doubt that　 ③我怀疑他是否能够胜任他要申请的这个职位。 [实战贴士]　doubt作动词时，在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接 that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面接whether或if引导的 宾语从句。 （1）There is little doubt that...几乎没有疑问…… There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……（that在句中引导同位语 从句，作doubt的同位语） （2）There is no doubt of/about...毫无疑问…… There is some doubt whether...有……疑问 （3）I don’t/never doubt that...我确信…… I doubt whether/if...我怀疑…… 7. withdraw vi.& vt.（withdrew；withdrawn）（使）撤回；（使） 退出；停止提供；脱离（社会），不与人交往 ①He has made several （withdraw） from his account recently. ②Why did you withdraw the race？ ③They have withdrawn ⁠ a safer area. ④面对熊的凶猛攻击，埃莉和我从栅栏边撤退到了帐篷。 Faced with the fierce attack，Elli and I ⁠ ⁠. withdrawals　 from　 to　 withdrew from the inside of fence to the tent　 （1）withdraw from从……中撤出/退出 withdraw sb./sth.from把/使……从……中撤出/取出 withdraw to退到；撤退到 （2）withdrawal n.撤回；取消；（从银行账户中）提款 8. equip vt.（equipped；equipped；equipping） 配备；使有能力 ①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped ⁠ （speak）. ②If it were not for the modern （equip），such experiments would not be performed. to speak　 equipment　 ③我们想让我们的儿子接受良好的教育，这将为他将来的生活做好 准备。 We want our son to receive a good education that will ⁠ ⁠. equip him for future life　 （1）equip...with...用……装备…… be equipped with装备着…… equip sb.for/to do sth.使某人为（做）某事做好准备 （2）equipment n.[U]装备，配备；设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 9. adjust vt.& vi.调整 （adapt），调节；适应，习惯；整理 ①When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust to （live） on his own. ②Animals adjust themselves ⁠ the environment. ③The （adjust） glasses can give you a clear vision at a distance. living　 to　 adjustable　 ④得知你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，我写信给你一些建 议，希望能对你有帮助。 Knowing that ⁠ ，I’m writing to give you some tips，which I hope will be of help to you. you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life　 （1）adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应…… adjust （oneself） to （使自己）适应于…… （2）adjustment n.调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment做出调整 （3）adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的 10. date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 ①Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower which （date） back to the eleventh century. ②According to the expert，the temple has a history ⁠ （date） from the early Tang Dynasty. dates　 dating　 ③这个节日可追溯到明代，是为了庆祝秋天的收获，在每年的十一 月举行。 The festival ⁠ in autumn，is held in November every year.（分词短语 作定语） dating back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest [实战贴士]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。常用现 在分词形式作后置定语。 （1）date back to＝date from追溯到…… （2）out of date过时的，陈旧的 up to date最近的，新式的，现代的 11. restrict vt.限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 ①The government has agreed to reduce （restrict） on press freedom. ②He managed to twist himself round in the （restrict） space. ③The state is to adopt a more （restrict） policy on arms sales. restrictions　 restricted　 restrictive　 ④The old man restricted himself to （smoke） three cigarettes a day. ⑤我们将每班学生人数限制在50以内。 ⁠ smoking　 We restrict the number of students per class to 50.　 （1）restrict one’s freedom限制某人的自由 restrict...to...把……限制在…… restrict oneself/sb.to （doing） sth.约束自己/某人（做）某事 （2）restriction n.限制，约束 speed restrictions速度限制 （3）restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的 restrictive laws/measures限制性法规/措施 （4）restricted adj.有限的，很小的；受限制的 a restricted space有限的空间 12. resistance n.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 ①Sometimes we can’t resist （persuade） to buy things that we don’t need at all. ②My daughter has a sweet tooth and she can’t resist ⁠ （eat） ice cream. ③I prefer the plants that are （resist） to bad climate. ④I’m afraid that we would meet a certain amount of ⁠ （resist） to our plan. ⑤缺乏适当的营养会降低他们抵抗疾病的能力。 Lack of proper nourishment reduces ⁠. being persuaded　 eating　 resistant　 resistance　 their power to resist disease　 （1）resistance to对……的抵制/抵抗 （2）resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡 resist （doing） sth.抵制（做）某事 can’t resist doing sth.忍不住做某事 （3）resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的 be resistant to sth.对……有抵抗力；抵制某事 13. switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班n.开关，闸；转变，改变 ①（2023·浙江1月卷）I experienced this when I started switching ⁠ a zero waste lifestyle five years ago. to　 ②Press these two keys to switch ⁠ documents on screen. ③He was tired after the hard work，so he switched the radio ⁠. ④She made the switch full-time part-time work. ⑤他懒得去开灯。 He didn’t bother to ⁠ the light. between　 off　 from　 to　 switch on　 （1）switch off不再听或感兴趣；（用开关）关掉，关上 switch on （用开关）开，打开 switch over （方法、产品等）改变，转变 switch to切换到；转到；转变成 （2）switch from sth.to sth.从某物转向某物 switch between...and...在……之间切换 switch sth.for sth.把某物换成某物 switch sth.from sth.to sth.把……从……换成…… switch sth.around切换某物 switch with与……交换 （3）make a switch转变一下 14. restore vt.恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 ①Fortunately，the stolen car （restore） to its owner at last. ②The （restore） took almost 4，000 man-hours over four years. ③这座房子被完美地修复到1860年的外观，是亚伯拉罕和玛丽·林 肯17年的家。 Beautifully ，the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. was restored　 restoration　 restored to its 1860 appearance　 （1）restore confidence/faith in恢复对……的信心 （2）restore...to...使……恢复到…… ；把……归还给 （3）restoration n.修复；恢复；归还 15. [教材原句]　As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it ⁠ appropriately.然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何 合理使用它的问题。 ①When and where （hold） the meeting remains to be discussed further. to hold　 ②With Teachers’ Day approaching，we’ve decided which classrooms （decorate）. ③她告诉我面临挑战的时候如何保持镇定。 ⁠ to decorate　 She told me how to keep calm when I’m facing challenges.　 （1）“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表 语、宾语补足语；特殊疑问词包括疑问代词（who，what，which） 和疑问副词（when，where，how）。 （2）whether后可接不定式，或与or连用，而if不能。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. （外研B4U1）We are （special） trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. 2. （人教B4U5） In fact，some pesticides like DDT ⁠ （prohibit） in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. 3. （2023·浙江1月卷） Over 28 states have passed laws ⁠ （relate） to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. specially　 have been prohibited　 related　 4. （人教B4U2）They can warn you early on if there is something （normal） or if you have a critical illness， such as cancer，and potentially save your life. 5. （人教B6U3）There is little doubt ⁠ Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 6. （北师B6U7） Compared with students who had not been involved in the study，they also showed a better understanding of the （able） students’ feelings. abnormal　 that　 disabled　 7. There is a lot of （evident） that stress is partly responsible for disease. 8. （2021·浙江卷）At this point，it is not clear why dogs seem ⁠ （equip） with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. evidence　 to be equipped　 维度2　熟词生义 1. arise A. v.起床　B. v.由……引起　C. v.起身　D. v.出现 （1）Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately. ⁠ （2）What problems do you think may arise when humans are cloned？ ⁠ （3）They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. ⁠ （4）As is known to all，traffic accidents often arise from carelessness. ⁠ C　 D　 A　 B　 2. switch A. n.开关　B. v.改变，转变　C. v.调班 （1）Please press the switch on your right to turn the lights off. ⁠ （2）I can’t work next weekend—will you switch with me？ ⁠ （3）He switched sides just days before the election. ⁠ A　 C　 B　 3. pace A. n.（移动的）速度；步伐 B. n.节奏 C. v.确定速度；调整节奏 D. v.走来走去 （1）The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill. ⁠ （2）She stood up and began to pace up and down. ⁠ （3）The online classes will give students the opportunity to learn at their own pace. ⁠ （4）It’s a long climb，so you have to pace yourself. ⁠ A　 D　 B　 C　 4. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. ⁠ 5. China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. ⁠ ⁠ 6. He is delivering a lecture in her mother tongue. ⁠ 7. This paper is an official organ of the party. ⁠ adj.时机成熟的　 vt.加强；刺激 n.语言　 n.机关（报）　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数 不清的感人故事深深感动。 In summary，the English newspaper Youth ⁠ . ⁠ countless moving stories in the newspaper. 2. 没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。 ①Mac ⁠ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul. ② ⁠ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.（倒装句） affects me greatly/has a great effect on me　 I am often deeply affected by　 could by no means scare the wolf off/away　 By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away　 3. 休息时，我们的班主任开始处理他课上出现的问题。 ①At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters .（分词短语作定语） ②At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters .（定语从句） arising from his class　 which/that arose from his class　 4. 在高中时，迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适 应大学第一年的生活。 ①Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school， ⁠ .（定语从句） ②Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school， ⁠ .（现在分词短语作结果状语） which made it difficult for him to adjust to the first year college life　 making it difficult for him to adjust to the first year college life　 5. He is equipped with much experience in teaching，so he is well respected by all his students. → ，he is well respected by all his students.（过去分词短语作状语） → ，he is well respected by all his students.（现在分词短语作状语） Equipped with much experience in teaching　 Equipping himself with much experience in teaching　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 你校英文报社正在开展主题为“急救知识”的征文活动。 请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己所了解的急救知识，并给英 文报社投稿。 Cuts are ① （我们日常 生活中非常常见的伤），which will cause pain，swelling or bleeding. ② ，the victims may get infected or even die. ③ ，④ ⁠ （了解急救知识很重要；difference）.The following steps can be used to treat cuts. very common injuries in our daily life　 What’s worse　 Therefore　 a knowledge of first aid can make a big difference　 For a simple cut，it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut， dry it and ⑤ （用干燥 而干净的布包扎伤口）.If the person ⑥ ⁠ （流血很严重），it is vital that you should try to ⑦ ⁠ （通过向伤口施压止 血；by）.That is because if a person loses one third of his or her blood，he or she may die.If necessary，take the injured person to the hospital immediately. cover it with a piece of dry and clean cloth　 is bleeding badly/heavily　 stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 人 物 描 写 outgoing adj.外向的 surgeon n.外科医生 disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的 disability n.缺陷，障碍 动 作 描 写 affect vt.影响；侵袭；使感染；深深打动 pace vt.& vi.来回踱步，走来走去 arise vi.（由……）引起，（因……）产生 wrestle with努力处理，全力解决 abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 环 境 描 写 without doubt毫无疑问，的确 grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的 disturb vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引 起恐慌的 anxiety n.焦虑；担心；渴望 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 丈夫踱来踱去，妻子焦虑不安。毫无疑问，令人不安的事情发 生在了他们身上。他们唯一的外向活泼的儿子汤姆，因滥用药物而 残疾了。出乎意料的是，汤姆接受了他的残疾。深受一个励志故事 的影响，他决心成为父母的骄傲。他会全力解决他所遇到的困难。 他坚信他成为一名优秀外科医生的梦想会实现。 The husband ，and the wife ⁠ . ，something disturbing happened to them.Their only son Tom， ⁠ .Out of their expectations，Tom ⁠ . ，he determined to be his parents’ pride. ⁠ he met.He was convinced that his dream of being an excellent surgeon would come true. paced back and forth　 was full of anxiety　 Without doubt　 who was outgoing became disabled on account of drug abuse　 accepted his disability　 Affected by an inspiring story　 He would try his best to wrestle with difficulties　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A （2023·甘肃武威四校联考）A new study finds that less than seven percent of the adult population in the US have what health experts consider good cardiometabolic （心脏代谢） health. Using information on roughly 55，000 people over the age of 20， the results show just 6.8 percent of American adults reached optimal （最佳的） levels of health in 2018.Moreover，the study found American health has been in sharp decline over the last 20 years.In 1999，one in three adults had a healthy weight.By 2018，that number fell to just one in four Americans.At the same time，three in five people were free of diabetes in 1999.By 2018，however，more than six in ten adults had the condition！ “These numbers are striking.It’s deeply problematic that in the United States，fewer than 1 in 15 adults have optimal cardiometabolic health，” says Meghan O’Hearn，one of the researchers from Tufts University.“We need a complete overhaul （革新） of our healthcare system，food system，and living conditions，because this is a crisis for everyone.” Instead of just looking for signs of disease，the team focused their study on the signs of good，moderate，and poor cardiometabolic health.“Disease is not the only problem，” O’Hearn explains.“We don’t just want to be free of disease.We want to achieve optimal health and well-being.” Researchers also found large health gaps between US adults of different genders，ages，and education levels.Specifically，the study found Americans with less education were half as likely to be in peak cardiometabolic health. O’Hearn adds，“Identifying these individuals and addressing their health conditions and lifestyle early is critical to reducing growing healthcare burdens.Its impacts on national healthcare spending and the financial health of the entire economy are enormous.And these conditions are largely preventable.We have the public health and clinical interventions and policies to be able to address these problems.” 体裁: 说明文 主题语境:人与自我——生活方式——心脏代谢情况 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。美国塔夫茨大学的一项研 究表明，仅有不到7％的美国成年人心脏代谢健康状况良好。 1. What percentage of American adults had optimal cardiometabolic health in 2018？ A. Over 7 percent. B. Just 6.8 percent. C. Around 33 percent. D. About 60 percent. 答案:B 细节理解题。由第二段首句可知，只有6.8％的美国成年人达到了 最佳状态的心脏代谢健康水平。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does O’Hearn think of the results of the study？ A. They’re unreal. B. They’re acceptable. C. They’re expected. D. They’re shocking. 答案:D 细节理解题。由第三段首句可知，O’Hearn对研究结果表示震惊。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What is the purpose of the team’s research？ A. To find the big age gap. B. To help people keep fit. C. To develop new drugs. D. To earn lots of profits. 答案:B 细节理解题。由第四段末句可知，该研究团队的目的是帮助人们保 持健康。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What can we infer from O’Hearn’s words in the last paragraph？ A. Joint effort is needed to improve public health. B. Economic growth affects personal health condition. C. America saw a slow decrease in healthcare costs. D. Rich people tend to suffer from health problems. 答案:A 推理判断题。由文末段第一句可知，O’Hearn认为需要多方协作来 提高公众健康水平。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B （2023·湖南岳阳第一中学高三上学期开学考）New research suggests that one night of sleep with just a small amount of light may have negative effects on health. The small，20-person study conducted by Dr.Phyllis Zee，director of the Center for Circadian （生理节奏的） and Sleep Medicine，was designed to measure the physiological effects of 100 lux （照度） of artificial light on healthy adults while they were sleeping.For the study，all the participants spent their first night sleeping in a mostly dark room.The next night，half of them slept in a better lit room.Meanwhile，the researchers ran tests on the sleepers:brainwaves，heart rates and blood.In the morning，they’d give both groups a large amount of sugar to see how well their systems responded to it. The group exposed to the light had raised heart rates throughout the night，and also had trouble getting their blood sugar into a normal range. These changes suggest the small amount of light was enough to shift the nervous system to a more excited and alert state.“It’s almost like the brain and the heart knew that the lights were on，although the individual was sleeping，” says Zee. While the findings of this study alone can’t predict what would happen in the long term，Dr.Colwell suspects the harmful effects would be cumulative:“This was only one night，so imagine if you’ re living that way constantly？” “That’s going to increase the risk of long-term diseases，” says Dr.Charles Czeisler whose research has looked at the consequences of circadian rhythm sleep disorder for longer than just one night.He concluded that the unpleasant effects were primarily because of the “internal clock” being disturbed—not necessarily because of the lack of sleep. This is not to say that the lack of sleep doesn’t also have negative effects on health—it does—but he says it simply stresses the lasting consequences of being exposed to light at nighttime. “People think that as long as they fall asleep and are unconscious，it’s not having physiological effects，but that’s simply not true，” Czeisler says. 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——身体健康——少量的光对睡觉的负面影响 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，晚上伴着 少量的光睡觉可能会对健康产生负面影响。 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about？ A. How the study is carried out. B. What type of light affects sleep. C. Who is in charge of the research. D. Why light and sleep are connected. 答案:A 段落大意题。第二段主要是讲研究是怎么进行的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What do we know about the new research？ A. Light plays a critical role in regulating circadian rhythm. B. A small amount of light at night is linked with sleep depth. C. Leaving the bedroom lights on leads to mental disorder. D. Sleeping with a little bit of light isn’t good for your health. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，新的研究表明晚上伴着少量 的光睡觉对健康没有好处。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What does the underlined word “cumulative” in paragraph 5 mean？ A. Common. B. Slight. C. Increasing. D. Accidental. 答案:C 词义猜测题。根据第五段最后一句可知，此处是指Colwell博士怀 疑有害影响会累积，所以cumulative意为“积累的，渐增的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following might Czeisler agree with？ A. The more you sleep，the healthier you will be. B. Physiological effects disappear with a sound sleep. C. Sleep quality lies in how you feel about the sleep. D. It is the circadian rhythm sleep disorder that matters. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句Dr.Charles Czeisler的话和最后一段 的内容:人们认为，只要他们睡着了，而且没有意识，就不会产生 生理影响，但这根本不是真的。由此可知，Czeisler同意“重要的 是昼夜节律睡眠障碍”的观点。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁: 说明文 主题语境:人与自我——生活方式——如何设定目标 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述如何设 定目标。 （2023·广东七校高三上学期第一次联考） How to Set Goals Whether you have small dreams or high expectations，setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life.  　111　 1 2 3 4 5 1. A. Adjust your goals. B. Track and measure your progress. C. Having a plan will help push you ahead. D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real. E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful. F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10，15，or 20 years. G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals. 答案:E 1 2 3 4 5 上文提到设定目标的好处，下文具体介绍了设定目标的方法，E项 承上启下，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Find out your life goals.Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life.What do you want to achieve today， in a year，and in your lifetime？ The answers to this question can be as general as “I want to be happy” or “I want to help people”.  　211　 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Adjust your goals. B. Track and measure your progress. C. Having a plan will help push you ahead. D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real. E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful. F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10，15，or 20 years. G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals. 答案:F 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段主题句“Find out your life goals.”和上文“What do you want to achieve today，in a year，and in your lifetime？”可知，空格处应讲到人生目标，F项符合本段主旨。 1 2 3 4 5 Set specific （具体的） goals.Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve.Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it.  　3　 For example，“Be healthier” is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.“I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon” is better. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Adjust your goals. B. Track and measure your progress. C. Having a plan will help push you ahead. D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real. E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful. F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10，15，or 20 years. G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals. 答案:G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it.”并结合下文的举例可知，设定一个具体的目标 会让你更有可能实现它，要把太大太模糊的目标分解成具体的目 标，G项符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Write out your goals.Be detailed，be clear，and include your steps.  　4　 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.This will help keep you motivated. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Adjust your goals. B. Track and measure your progress. C. Having a plan will help push you ahead. D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real. E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful. F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10，15，or 20 years. G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 根据本段主题句“Write out your goals.”及下文“Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.”可知，本段是说把目标 写出来，D项符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　5　You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals，but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals.Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？ Allow yourself the flexibility （灵活性） to make some small changes to your goals. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Adjust your goals. B. Track and measure your progress. C. Having a plan will help push you ahead. D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real. E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful. F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10，15，or 20 years. G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后一句:你可能会发现自己在大的人生目标上设定了自己的 方式，但要花时间重新评估你的小目标。最后一句:给自己一些灵 活性，对你的目标做一些小的改变。由此可知，本段是说要灵活调 整目标。A项符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 （2023·安徽A10联盟开学摸底）There are many birds that visit our leafy garden.But it’s the pair of orange frogmouths （蟆口鸱） that have been returning for years to  　1　their young that bring the most excitement.It’s been wonderful to  　2　 how both parents take on the serious duty of caring for their young. Last summer the frogmouth family，parents and two babies， was 　3　 sitting in a tall tree close to our backyard enjoying the late afternoon sunshine.With little  　4　，a light rain began to fall. At first the birds seemed to 　5　 the rain and moved out along the branch，loosing their  　6　 to take advantage of the wet weather.But within minutes，day turned to night. 　7　 clouds gathered.Crashing thunder and blinding lightning，wild winds and driving rain  　8　 the small garden into a（n）  　9　 place for the little family. Through the flashes of lightning，we watched in  　10　 as the parents guided their little ones back along the branch to the tree trunk， both parents  　11　 their wings over the young to protect them from the powerful rain.When the  　12　 passed，the family moved back out along the  　13　，bathed in the sunshine. When I look up at the pair of yellow frogmouths who continue to visit our  　14　，I know I’m not just looking at devoted parents，but very  　15　 ones. 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自然——人与动植物——蟆口鸱父母 　　【语篇解读】　本文一篇记叙文，叙述了蟆口鸱这对鸟夫妇多 年如一日地返回同一个花园繁育后代的故事。文章详细描述了在一 个夏天的傍晚，当一场突如其来的暴风雨袭来时，这对鸟父母如何 保护他们的孩子避免暴风雨的伤害。这对蟆口鸱夫妇不仅是忠诚的 父母，还是非常明智的父母。 1. A. raise B. train C. adopt D. entertain 答案:A 文章中蟆口鸱每年返回的主要目的是与他们的孩子在一起。最符合这种情境的词是“raise”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. evaluate B. observe C. predict D. realize 答案:B 根据下文，作者描述了蟆口鸱父母保护它们孩子的场景。故“观 察”到父母双方都认真地照顾它们的孩子最为合理。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. cautiously B. secretly C. happily D. carelessly 答案:C 根据“enjoying the late afternoon sunshine”可知，这里描述的是鸟 儿们快乐的场景，所以选择“happily”快乐地。且与“enjoying” 相呼应。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. urgency B. fortune C. relief D. warning 答案:D 文中说“With little...a light rain began to fall”表示开始下雨之前几 乎没有任何“warning”（预警），与前面的late afternoon sunshine 形成转折。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. take delight in B. put up with C. keep away from D. lose sight of 答案:A 文章中提到“At first the birds seemed to...take advantage of the wet weather.”，表示鸟儿似乎“take delight in”（喜欢）雨水。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. tails B. feathers C. heads D. paws 答案:B 根据上下文的描述，与雨和鸟的关系最接近的是“feathers”羽毛。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. Soft B. Furry C. Dark D. Thin 答案:C 由“day turned to night”可知，云应该是黑暗的，所以选择 “Dark”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. expanded B. divided C. extended D. transformed 答案:D 根据上下文的描述，花园在风暴中发生了改变，所以选择 “transformed”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. unsafe B. cool C. ideal D. private 答案:A 由于天气恶劣，所以花园对于这家鸟儿来说变得“unsafe”不 安全。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. silence B. amazement C. peace D. despair 答案:B 在闪电的照耀下，我们惊讶地注视着父母如何引导小鸟回到树干，两只父母都展开翅膀保护小鸟免受强雨的伤害。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. folding B. examining C. pressing D. spreading 答案:D 父母展开翅膀保护小鸟。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. eruption B. test C. storm D. flood 答案:C 根据上下文，是风暴过去。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. branch B. corridor C. pipe D. beach 答案:A 由上文描述，我们知道鸟儿是在树上，所以正确的答案是 “branch”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. zoo B. garden C. school D. farm 答案:B 根据上文，蟆口鸱访问他们的花园。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. honest B. polite C. wise D. generous 答案:C 由于这对鸟儿在暴风雨中保护了它们的小鸟，显示了它们的智慧和照顾能力，所以正确的选择是“wise”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——医学发展——医学家林巧稚 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章按照时间顺序叙述了 医学家林巧稚的一生，其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。 （2023·浙江温州高二下学期7月期末）As Dr.Lin Qiaozhi said， “To a person nothing is 1. 　　　　　　 （precious） than their life...” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and 2. 　　　　　　 carried her through a life of hard choices. 1. 考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“than”和句意可知，此处需用 比较级表示“没有什么比生命更珍贵”，空处应用precious的比较 级形式more precious。 答案:more precious 2. 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into 的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接 代词what作引导词。 答案:what At age 18，she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3. 　　　　　　 （marry） like the majority of girls.At age 26，she was hired as 4. 　　　　　　 resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital 5. 11111 11　　　　 （immediate） after she graduated.Within six months，she was assigned to a higher position 6. 　　　　　　 usually took four years to achieve.After working for a few years，she was sent to study abroad， where she 7. 　　　　　　 （reject） the offer from her foreign colleagues.She wanted to serve the women and children at home. 3. 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，marry的 名词形式marriage符合语境，意为“婚姻”，句中表示“传统的婚 姻道路”。 答案:marriage 4. 考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一 名”，应用不定冠词，且resident以辅音音素开头，应用a。 答案:a 5. 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处作状语，应用immediate的 副词形式immediately，意为“立即”。 答案:immediately 6. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先 行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或 which作引导词。 答案:that/which 7. 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的定语从句 的谓语，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，应用 reject的过去式rejected。 答案:rejected In 1941，she became the first Chinese woman ever 8. 　　　　　　 （appoint） director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but later，the department was closed because of the war.So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need and charged very low 9. 　　　　　　 （fee） and often reduced costs for poor patients. 8. 考查非谓语动词。根据“the first Chinese woman”可推知，此处 用“the＋序数词＋名词＋to do”的固定表达，且appoint和woman 是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用appoint的不定式的被动语态to be appointed。 答案:to be appointed 9. 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰 语，可数名词fee应用复数形式fees，句中表示“低费用”。 答案:fees The People’s Republic of China saw Dr.Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，10. 　　　　　　 （deliver） over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. 10. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作状语，deliver和she是 逻辑上的主谓关系，且deliver的动作发生在was known as的动作之 前，应用deliver的现在分词的完成式having delivered。 答案:having delivered 阅读语篇专练提升 （2023·湖北宜昌期中） A Famous People Who Begin with Difficulties Oprah Winfrey Probably having one of the most famous success stories， Oprah was born into a poor family in Mississippi， raised by a single mother living on welfare.She was physically， and mentally abused during her childhood.Despite her initial struggles as a young girl， she turned herself into one of the most successful talk show hosts of our time. Jim Carrey Jim Carrey has been the star of some of the most successful movies of all time.But Carrey grew up extremely poor in Canada.When he was a teenager， his family took security jobs in a factory to help pay the bills. And during his first stand-up comedy performance， he was booed off （喝倒彩） the stage.Not shortly after， he made it big on In Living Color and then went on to star in Dumb &.Dumber， The Mask， and Ace Venture in the same year！ James Dyson If you thought Thomas Edison’s failures were bad， let me introduce you to James Dyson， the famous inventor of the Dyson vacuums （真空吸尘器） you see all over the television. Dyson developed over 5，000 failed prototypes （原型） before finding the bagless vacuum brand.Not only that， he put his entire savings account into his prototypes over fifteen years！ Luckily， the bagless vacuum worked. Stephen King Before Stephen King became known as a great living writer— having written over 60 novels， many of which have been adapted for film and television—King was rejected over and over again. In his memoirs， On Writing， King describes how he used to post his rejection letters on the wall for inspiration. His first novel， Carrie， was rejected 30 times. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在困 境中崛起的杰出人物。 1. What do Oprah and Jim have in common？ A. They were abused by parents. B. They grew up in poor families. C. They were hired as comedians. D. They found jobs in a factory. 答案:B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据Oprah Winfrey部分中的“...Oprah was born into a poor family in Mississippi...”及Jim Carrey部分中的 “But Carrey grew up extremely poor in Canada.”可知，Oprah 和Jim都生在穷苦家庭。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. What did James Dyson do？ A. He repaired the failed prototypes. B. He developed over 5，000 brands. C. He put all efforts into marketing. D. He invented the bag less vacuum. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据James Dyson部分中的“...let me introduce you to James Dyson， the famous inventor of the Dyson vacuums...Luckily， the bagless vacuum worked.”可知，James Dyson 成功研发出了无尘 袋吸尘器。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. Who is a novelist？ A. Stephen King. B. Oprah Winfrey. C. James Dyson. D. Jim Carrey. 答案:A 细节理解题。根据Stephen King部分中的“Before Stephen King became known as a great living writer—having written over 60 novels...”可知，Stephen King 是一位小说家。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B Many visual artists have a signature style， as unique and identifiable as a fingerprint. For Amoako Boafo， who often paints with his fingers， this seems doubly true.His distinctive paint strokes （笔画） combine the complex skin tones of his chosen subjects， many of whom are， like himself， Africans with global life experiences. Boafo， whose first solo museum exhibition runs at the Seattle Art Museum， was born and raised in Accra， Ghana， and moved to Vienna， Austria， in 2014，where he ran into difficulties， with gallerists unwilling to show his works due to his focus on Black figures. He continued making an effort to create self-portraits （自画像） and people he knew or admired—African people and Black people who have African ancestry， painting a community of sorts during a time of hardship. He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting， which combines areas of bright and noticeable color with his soft and deep finger painting. He began posting his art online and caught the attention of artists like Kehinde Wiley， the celebrated American artist. The word started to spread. Boafo is now a global art star， with numerous shows at galleries and art fairs， working with a fashion house， and several paintings selling for over a million dollars. In 2021，with three of his paintings being launched into space by Blue Origin， Jeff Bezos’ Kent-based spaceflight company， you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success. And yet a recent phone conversation with the artist from his studio in Accra， which is once again his home base， revealed a well- mannered person who appreciated his success while pointing out all of the luck and preparation that led to it. Seeing so many of his paintings— created from 2016 to 2022—gathered together in an exhibition has helped him remember that “I did not just happen. I did not expect this success but I was hopeful and ready for it.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。加纳艺术家 Amoako Boafo 作画方式别具一格——不用画笔，而用手指直接创作。起初 他的绘画风格并不被人看好，经过自身努力和网络传播，终于大获 成功。 4. What makes Boafo’s paintings different from other artists’ works？ A. His finger strokes. B. His home country. C. His life experiences. D. His traditional style. 答案:A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For Amoako Boafo， who often paints with his fingers， this seems doubly true.His distinctive paint strokes combine the complex skin tones of his chosen subjects...”可知，Boafo 作画方式别具一格——不用画笔，而用手指作画。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. How did Boafo deal with the difficult situation in Austria？ A. By turning to celebrated artists for help. B. By developing a unique painting style. C. By running his art exhibition at home. D. By working with local art galleries. 答案:B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Boafo...moved to Vienna， Austria， in 2014，where he ran into difficulties， with gallerists unwilling to show his works...He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting...”可知，面对画廊老板的苛刻，Boafo 并未放弃绘画，而 是坚持创作并形成自己独特的绘画风格。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the spaceflight company？ A. To indicate the price of space travel. B. To show the value of Boafo’s works. C. To introduce an international brand. D. To tell us the advances in technology. 答案:B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 写作意图题。根据第四段“Boafo is now a global art star...with three of his paintings being launched into space by Blue Origin， Jeff Bezos’ Kent-based spaceflight company， you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success.”可推断，作者在此提及Jeff Bezos 的太空公司 是为了说明 Boafo 的绘画作品具有很高的价值。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. What can we learn about Boafo？ A. He is talkative. B. He is bad-mannered. C. He is determined. D. He is humorous. 答案:C 推理判断题。根据第二段及最后一段中“And yet a recent phone conversation with the artist...revealed a well-mannered person who appreciated his success while pointing out all of the luck and preparation that led to it.”可推断，Boafo 意志坚定。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C Seafloor cables （光缆） carry over 95％ of all digital data traffic worldwide， including financial trading information and social media communications. However， how the Earth’s changing climate could impact this vast undersea network has been relatively under studied until now. In a new study published in Earth-Science Reviews， an international team of researchers led by the UK’s National Oceanography Centre （NOC） worked to illuminate this problem by assessing how and where future climate change is likely to impact subsea cables. By analyzing published datasets， the researchers identified regional climate change “hotspots” where threats to subsea cables may become more intense.These include areas in the western Pacific where changes to tropical cyclone （热带气旋） intensity and frequency have already increased cable damage. “In our paper， we conducted the first comprehensive assessment of a range of climate-related threats to seafloor cables across the globe and their landing stations，” says study co-author Thomas Wah！ “Our analysis clearly stresses the need to carefully plan cable routes and landing station locations factoring in a range of local threats and how those are affected by climate change.” When we look at Florida， there are at least 21 subsea telecommunications cables that connect to the Florida coastline， North and South America and the Caribbean， meaning that there will be a breakdown in communications worldwide if a cable is damaged， the researchers say. However， the study identifies the importance of assessing changing conditions， particularly where multiple cable systems share a landing point， as they may be affected by combinations of threats that affect the low-lying Florida coastline， such as sea level rise， and changes in storm activity. “Our reliance on cables that are no wider than a garden hose （软管） is a surprise to many， who regard satellites as the main means of communication，” says lead author Mike Clare， a researcher with NOC. “But satellites simply don’t have the bandwidth to support modern digital systems. The ‘cloud’ is not in the sky—it is under the sea.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。由英国国家海洋学中心领 衔的团队最新研究显示全球气候变化已威胁海底光缆的安全。 8. What does the underlined word “illuminate” in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A. Find. B. Miss. C. Explain. D. Connect. 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 词义猜测题。根据第一段“...how the Earth’s changing climate could impact this vast undersea network has been relatively under studied until now.”及画线词后的“by assessing how and where future climate change is likely to impact subsea cables”可推断，画线词与explain的 意思最接近。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. What is the third paragraph mainly about？ A. The threat of sea level rise. B. The finding of the study. C. The cause of climate change. D. The method of the research. 答案:B 段落大意题。通读第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了此次研究的 发现。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. Which of the following best describes Florida in the global network？ A. Effective. B. Complex. C. Stable. D. Critical. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第五段“...look at Florida， there are at least 21 subsea telecommunications cables that connect to the Florida coastline， North and South America and the Caribbean， meaning that there will be a breakdown in communications worldwide...”可推断， Florida在全球通信网络中尤为关键。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. What can we infer from Mike Clare’s words？ A. Subsea cables are more important for global communications. B. Satellites have the ability to support modern digital systems. C. Natural disasters will happen frequently due to climate change. D. There is no need to assess potential threats to seafloor cables. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Our reliance on cables that are no wider than a garden hose is a surprise to many...’ says lead author Mike Clare...The ‘cloud’ is not in the sky—it is under the sea.”可推断，海 底光缆在全球通信中是更为重要的联通路径。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D For Kurt Gray， a social psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill， conducting experiments comes with certain problems. Before starting any study， his lab must get ethical （伦理 的） approval from an institutional review board， which can take weeks or months. Then his team has to hire online participants—easier than bringing people into the lab， but Gray says the online subjects are often lazy. Then the researchers spend hours cleaning the data.But earlier this year， Gray accidentally saw an alternative way to do things. He was working with computer scientists at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence to see whether they could develop an AI system that made moral judgments like humans. But first they figured they’d see if a system from the startup Open AI could already do the job.The team asked GPT-3.5，which produces human-like text， to judge the ethics of 464 scenarios （情境）， previously evaluated by human subjects. It turned out that the system’s answers were nearly the same as human responses. “This is crazy，” Gray says. “If you can just ask GPT to make these judgments， why don’t you just ask GPT instead of asking people？” The results were published this month in Trends in Cognitive Science. Now， researchers are considering AI’s ability to act as human subjects in fields such as psychology， political science， economics， and market research. No one is yet suggesting that chatbots can completely replace humans in behavioral studies. But they may act as convenient stand-ins （替代者） in pilot studies and for designing experiments， saving time and money. Language models might also help with experiments that would be too impractical， or even dangerous to run with people.“It’s a really interesting time，” says Ayelet Israeli， a marketing professor at Harvard Business School who believes the models’ impact on behavioral research could amount to a “revolution”. “Some of these results are just astonishing.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨在行为 研究方面，人工智能可助力科研人员。 12. What is a problem faced by Kurt Gray at the start of a study？ A. Online participants demand higher pay. B. Volunteers dislike the online experiment. C. Preparations take lots of time and effort. D. Researchers lack skills to function in teams. 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Before starting any study， his lab must get ethical approval from an institutional review board， which can take weeks or months. Then his team has to hire online participants...Then the researchers spend hours...”可知，对Kurt Gray 而言，每个研究项目启动之前，都得劳神费力进行准备工作。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. How does Kurt Gray find GPT？ A. Demanding. B. Worrying. C. Amusing. D. Satisfying. 答案:D 推理判断题。根据第二段及第三段中“‘This is crazy，’ Gray says. ‘If you can just ask GPT to make these judgments， why don’t you just ask GPT instead of asking people？’”可推断，Kurt Gray 对 GPT 在 实验中的表现很满意。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. What is an advantage of language models according to the text？ A. They can be applied to cases difficult to study. B. They may replace human subjects completely. C. They will improve people’s well-being. D. They might promote economic growth. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Language models might also help with experiments that would be too impractical， or even dangerous to run with people.”可知，语言模型可应用于研究难度大的棘手项目。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. Which can be a suitable title for the text？ A. What Has AI Brought About？ B. What Do We Expect of GPT？ C. Should We Get Rid of Chatbots？ D. Can AI Help Behavioral Research？ 答案:D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要探讨在行为研究方面，人工 智能可助力科研人员。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$