Unit 2 Natural disasters-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 2 　Natural disasters 必修第三册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. county n. 郡，县 2. roll call 点名 3. tsunami n. 海啸 4. bubble n. 泡沫，泡，气泡 5. pole n. 柱，杆；极 6. Roman adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n. 古罗马人；罗马人 7. unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 8. cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 9. ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. disaster n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2. crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃 3. signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 4. exit vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开 5. orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 6. stair n. 楼梯；梯级 7. roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 8. confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 9. hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 10. procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 11. odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 12. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 13. typhoon n. 台风 14. hurricane n. 飓风 15. conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 16. supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供 17. charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 18. staff n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在……工作，任职于 19. slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 20. fund n. 资金；基金 21. flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 22. downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下n. 楼下 23. document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 24. honey n. (爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 25. otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此以外 26. destination n. 目的地，终点 27. bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt. 封；阻挡；阻止 28. import n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt. 进口，引进 29. export n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt. 出口，输出 30. port n. 港口，避风港；港口城市 31. dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi. 开始；开始清楚 32. volcano n. 火山 33. trunk n. 树干 34. beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 35. pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 36. column n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 37. rescue n.& vt. 救援，营救，抢救 38. locate vt. 找出……的准确位置； 把……安置在(或建造于) 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n.伤害→injured adj.受伤的 2. reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.反应；回应； 起化学反应；过敏 3. relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻；缓和 4. destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruct v.破坏→destruction n.破坏 5. inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知→information n.信息→informed adj.有 学问的；有见识的 6. shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 7. scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 8. power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 →powerful adj.强有力的；强大的；有权势的→powerless adj.无力 的；无能的 9. donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n.捐赠 10. curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n.好奇，好奇心 →curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地 11. erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n.爆发 12. unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的 →bear vt.忍受 13. distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远 的；远处的；疏远的 14. sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 →sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt.使锋利 15. retire vi.& vt.退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→retirement n.退休 1. at large 整个，全部 2. safe and sound 安然无恙的 3. occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 4. keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静 5. run out of 用完，耗尽 6. take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的 形式 7. break out 突然开始，爆发 8. far and wide 到处，各处 9. hold on to 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 10. to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是 11. in detail 详细地 12. flood in 涌入 13. in all directions 朝着四面八方 14. above all 最重要的是 15. in the distance 在远处 常见结构 1. in case引导目的状语从句 2. the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语 3. leave＋宾语＋宾补 4. while 连接并列分句，表对比 5. 情态动词＋have done 6. as if 引导方式状语从句 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 2. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 3. vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 4. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 5. vt.通知；了解，熟悉 6. vt.保存；保护；贮存，保鲜 shock　 scare　 injure　 confirm　 inform　 preserve　 7. n.洪水，水灾；大量 vt.& vi.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入； 充满 8. n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 9. adv.否则，不然；除此以外 10. n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能 量；力量 11. n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供 给，提供 12. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强 烈的 flood　 rescue　 otherwise　 power　 supply　 sharp　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败→ adj.灾难性 的；极糟糕的；完全失败的 2. n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→ vi. 对……作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 3. adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的→ n.秩 序；条理；顺序 4. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→ n. 证实，确认书 disaster　 disastrous　 reaction　 react　 orderly　 order　 confirm　 confirmation　 5. n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→ vt.解 除，减轻；缓和，缓解→ adj.感到宽慰的，放心的 6. adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 → vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 7. vt.了解，熟悉；通知→ n.信息，情 报，资料→ adj.有学问的，有见识的 8. n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊→ adj. 感到震惊的→ adj.令人气愤的，惹人憎恶的 relief　 relieve　 relieved　 destructive　 destroy　 inform　 information　 informed　 shock　 shocked　 shocking　 9. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→ adj.惊 吓，害怕→ adj.恐怖的，吓人的 10. n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力 量→ adj.强有力的；有权势的，有影响力的 11. vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→ n.捐赠物，捐 赠，赠送→ n.捐赠者 12. adj.好奇的；奇特的→ adv.好奇地 → n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品 scare　 scared　 scary　 power　 powerful　 donate　 donation　 donator　 curious　 curiously　 curiosity　 13. vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→ n.(火山 等)爆发 14. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→ v.忍受 → adj.可忍受的 15. n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→ ⁠ adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 16. n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救→ n.救援者 17. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强 烈的→ v.(使)变得锋利；使尖锐 erupt　 eruption　 unbearable　 bear　 bearable　 distance　 distant　 rescue　 rescuer　 sharp　 sharpen　 18. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造 于)→ n.地方，地点；外景拍摄地 19. vi.& vt.退休，退职→ n.退休 locate　 location　 retire　 retirement　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 点名 2. 被想到，浮现在脑中 3. 用完，耗尽 4. 突然开始，爆发 5. 整个，全部 6. 安然无恙的 7. (在困境中)保持冷静 8. 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 9. 到处，各处 roll call　 occur to　 run out of　 break out　 at large　 safe and sound　 keep one’s head　 take the form of　 far and wide　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. in case引导目的状语从句 At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， ⁠ during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏而 打不开。 in case it became damaged　 2. the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语 ，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class ⁠. 晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 The moment the shaking stopped　 to make their escape　 3. leave＋宾语＋宾补 NEWDALE—On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and ⁠ ⁠. 纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海 岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。 left thousands dead　 4. while连接并列分句，表对比 Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， ⁠ ⁠ a bag. 爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾 难必需品放入一个包里。 while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into　 5. 情态动词＋have done Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that the city what was to come！ 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城 市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！ might have warned　 6. as if引导方式状语从句 Its walls were fresh ；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点都没有 褪色。 as if painted yesterday　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were (order)，lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. 2. (2023·北京卷)One of them is about how the most accessible (inform) in the present affects decisions about the future. orderly　 information　 3. (2023·北京卷)So I was (shock)when，not long after the email，Professor Mary Devon，who was running the programme， invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. 4. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially (scare) of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new. 5. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic (locate)，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. shocked　 scared　 locations　 6. (北师B3U7)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a (power) scream. 7. (人教B1U4)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or (injure).Thousands of children were left without parents. 8. (北师B4U3)According to scientists，they include volcanic (erupt)，asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. powerful　 injured　 eruptions　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Luckily，the missing boy returned， (安然无恙). 2. During the interview，the reporter asked me ⁠ (一系列问题). 3. (她想到)she should adopt this homeless child. 4. This article represents the opinion of the public (整个， 全部). safe and sound　 a series of questions　 It occurred to her that　 at large　 5. What will the world use for power when it has (用 完石油)？ 6. Above all， (保持冷静)in the face of danger. 7. You probably won’t need to call — but take my number，just ⁠ (以防，万一). 8. Nobody knew when the fire (突然开始)，but they knew it was put out the next morning. run out of oil　 keep your head　 in case　 broke out　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 你必须提醒他吃药，以防他忘记。(in case) You must remind him to take medicine， ⁠. 2. 如果再多行驶几公里，他们或许就会找到一个更好的旅馆了。 (might have done) They ⁠ if they had driven a few more kilometers. in case he forgets　 might have found a better hotel　 3. 一个游客一进入森林，一个又一个令人惊叹的景色就会吸引他的 眼球。(the moment) the forest，one amazing view after another will catch his eye. 4. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)很奇怪，不是吗？但大自然就是这样——总是 让我们惊讶。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Strange，isn’t it？ But that’s how nature is—always ⁠ ⁠. The moment a tourist enters　 leaving us astonished　 核心考点　互动探究 1. injure vt.伤害，使受伤(cause physical harm to)；损害 (cause damage or affect negatively) ①One of the best players (injure)，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems. ②By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once (injure) ankle hurt badly. ③A war (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning， and he has often been in prison. ④My left foot was seriously injured，so I can’t go with you as planned. → ，I can’t go with you as planned.(with 复合结构) had been injured　 injured　 injury　 With my left foot seriously injured　 (1)injured adj.受伤的 the injured伤员 (2)injury n.伤；伤口；伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 2. signal vi.& vt.发信号(sign)，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志； 信号灯 ①The police (signal) to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand. ②The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning (signal) that we really have changed our planet. signaled　 signals　 ③A man stood up and signaled that he was strongly opposed to the plan. →A man stood up， ⁠ he was strongly opposed to the plan.(分词作状语) ④她示意学生们用手抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。(动作描写) She ⁠ in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. signaling that　 signalled to her students to exit the classroom　 (1)signal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal (to sb.) that...示意(某人)…… (2)a traffic signal交通信号 send out a signal发出信号 3. confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 ①He (confirm) as captain for the rest of the season yesterday. ②We’re waiting for written (confirm) from the committee. ③The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in rebel hands. → ⁠ by the spokesman that the area was now in rebel hands.(it作形式主语) was confirmed　 confirmation　 It was confirmed　 (1)confirm sth./that 从句 证实/确认…… It has been confirmed that...已经确认…… confirm sb.in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm one’s opinion 证明某人的观点 (2)confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书 4. inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 ①Each person will receive an e-mail， (inform) them that the subject has changed. ②The newspapers keep us (inform) of what is going on around us at any time. ③It was considerate of Michael to inform us ⁠ his delay in case we got worried. ④Besides，they often get some important (inform) from the Internet. informing　 informed　 of/about　 information　 ⑤如有任何进展，请随时通知我。 ⁠ [实战贴士]　inform后面不能直接跟双宾语，而是借助于介词of， 构成inform sb.of sth.结构。 Please keep me fully informed of any development.　 (1)inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事 inform sb.that...告知某人…… keep sb.informed of sth.让某人知道某事 (2)information n.信息；消息；资料 informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 5. occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 ①Sometimes even routine (occur) become sources of pre-anger，or anger itself. ②Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，it suddenly occurred to me ⁠ I could give the rooms a thorough cleaning. ③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. →It occurred to me ⁠ to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. occurrences　 that　 to go　 [实战贴士]　(1)occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时，occur作为谓 语的时候，主语不能是人。 (2)表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有：sth.strike/hit sb.； sth.come to sb.；sth.come into one’s mind；spring to mind等。 (1)sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事 It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想到…… (2)occurrence n.出现；发生；事件 6. relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；调剂；救济 ①I finished my last test today.What relief！Now I’m free. ② our great relief，the accident caused little damage. ③Seeing their son came back safe and sound，the couple smiled ⁠ relief. ④At the conference，it has been decided that a secretary will be hired to relieve the manager ⁠ some of the administrative work. ⑤心中感到踏实了，我在安乐椅上躺了下来，睡着了。(心理描写) (形容 词作状语) a　 To　 in/with　 of　 Relieved，I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.　 (1)to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth.做某事很放心/舒心 in/with relief如释重负；松了口气 What a relief！可轻松了！ (2)relieve v.减轻；缓解；救济 relieved adj.放心的，宽慰的 relieve sb.of...解除某人……方面的负担 7. shock vt.使震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊，惊愕；令人震惊的 事；剧烈震动 ①Jones was (shock) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. ②After the news spread throughout the whole city， everyone felt .(shock) ③The girls only looked at him， ⁠ shock by his reaction. ④Tom was shocked (realize) that he had left his key in the taxi. shocked　 shocking　 shocked　 in　 to realize　 ⑤It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. → ⁠ to me to see how my neighbours treated their children.(shock n.) ⑥这个消息震惊了公众，引发了人们对在校学生安全的极大担忧。 (新闻报道) ，leading to great concern about students’ safety at school. It was a shock　 The news shocked the public　 (1)shocking adj.令人震惊的 (2)shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...对做某事震惊 (3)in shock震惊地；休克 8. scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 ①Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears ⁠. ②My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too ⁠ (scare). ③The salesman scared the old lady into (sign) the paper by threatening to take away the goods. ④The child (害怕) the fierce dog and didn’t go to his home. → ，the child didn’t go to his home.(形容 词短语作状语) off/away　 scared　 signing　 was scared of　 Scared of the fierce dog　 (1)scare sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off把……吓跑 (2)scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的 be scared to death吓得要死 be scared to do sth./of doing sth.害怕做某事 (3)scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的 9. power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 ①Though he has been power for two years，he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems. ②Unfortunately，it’s ⁠ my power to get through the work in such a short time. ③It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most (power) animal on earth. in　 beyond　 powerful　 ④I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. →I’ll ⁠ to perform well in the volunteer job. [归纳拓展]　“竭尽全力做某事”的表达还有：①do/try one’s best to do sth.　②make every effort to do sth. ③spare no effort to do sth. do everything in my power　 (1)come to power (开始)掌权；上台 in/beyond one’s power在某人的掌控中/某人力所不能及的 in power当权 do everything in one’s power＝do one’s best尽力而为；竭尽全力 (2)powerful adj.强大的；权力大的 10. run out of 用完，耗尽；从……中流出/跑出 ①One day she happened to run ⁠ Xiao Liu. ②The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，but they will save us money ⁠ the long run. ③If you run two hares，you will catch neither. ④Lost in thought，he almost ran ⁠ the car in front of him. ⑤In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run ⁠. across　 in　 after　 into　 out　 ⑥在路上，我意识到我已经用完了我的简历。 ⁠ [实战贴士]　run out of＝use up表示主动含义，主语是人；run out ＝be used up表示被动含义，主语是物。 Along the way，I realized that I had run out of my resumes.　 run out (＝give out)结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态) run across跑着穿过；偶然碰见 run after追捕；跟踪；追求 run away跑开；逃走 run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) in the long run从长远来看 11. supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给， 提供 ①Many libraries will help you with locally (supply) information about business management. ②The fresh vegetables are ⁠ short supply on the island. ③Don’t forget that all dogs need ⁠ supply of fresh water to drink. supplied　 in　 a　 ④他说可以提供给我物美价廉的商品。 →He said he could ⁠ goods of high quality and cheap price. →He said he could ⁠ goods of high quality and cheap price ⁠. supply me with　 supply　 to me　 (1)supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.给某人提供某物 (2)in short supply供应不足 a supply of一批；很多 12. donate vt.捐赠(contribute)；赠送；献(血) ①We are collecting (donate) for the relief fund. ②Over 90％ of the goods in the charity shops (donate) by the public. ③如果你有不需要的旧衣服，为什么不把它们捐赠给那些需要 的人呢？ If you have old or used clothes you don’t need， ⁠ ⁠？ donations　 are donated　 why not donate them to those people in need　 (1)donate...to sb./sth.把……捐赠给某人或某物 donate...to do sth.捐赠……做某事 (2)donation n.捐赠；捐献 make a donation to向……捐赠 (3)donated adj.捐赠的 13. curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 ①I was curious (know) more about it，so I went to the library to consult books. ②They (curious) approached us because to them，I’m sure we were the unusual-looking visitors！ ③我们对西方艺术很好奇，所以想请你做一个关于西方艺术历史的 演讲。 ⁠ ⁠ to know　 curiously　  　We are curious about Western art，so we’d like you to deliver a speech about the history of it.　 (1)be curious about...对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 14. distance n.距离(size of the gap between two places)；差异；远 方；遥远，久远；疏远 ①Glowing plants could reduce this (distant) and therefore help save energy. ②We spotted them waving to us ⁠ a distance of two hundred yards. ③But sometimes，very formal clothes will keep you ⁠ a distance from your colleagues. distance　 at　 at　 ④令我们高兴的是，远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了 河边。 ⁠ ⁠  　Much to our delight，the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank.　 (1)in the distance在远处 at a distance (of)在……远的地方；距离稍远 within walking distance几步之遥，在步行距离内 keep sb.at a distance与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离 (2)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的 15. locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) ①The satellite enables us to calculate their precise (locate) anywhere in the world. ②Fontbonne is a liberal arts college， (locate) in a residential suburb of St.Louis. ③The country is located in the northern part of Europe and attracts a lot of tourists from all over the world every year. → the northern part of Europe，the country attracts a lot of tourists from all over the world every year. location　 located　 Located in　 (1)locate the missing plane 确定失踪飞机的位置 be located in/on/at 位于……；坐落于…… (2)location n.地方；地点；位置；(电影的)外景拍摄地 be shot on location in Italy在意大利外景拍摄 the exact location of the company公司确切的位置 16. [教材原句]　On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速 冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。 leave的复合结构 ①A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the reader must be left (satisfy). ②His remarks left me (wonder) about his real purpose. ③他的病让他处于虚弱状态。 ⁠ satisfied　 wondering　 His illness left him weak.　 “leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一复合结构中，宾语补足语可以 由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词等来充当。 leave sth./sb.done表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。 leave sb./sth.doing表示使某人或某物一直做某事。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Once there，Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious ⁠ (injure) in one of her knees. 2. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staff in care homes (report) a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. injuries　 have reported　 3. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking (donate) and collecting blemished (有 瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. 4. (2023·浙江1月卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me，its beady eyes locked on mine as if (try) to convey some deep， unspoken gratitude. 5. (人教B3U4)In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module (signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. donations　 trying　 signaled　 6. (外研B1U5)Its population (crash) by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. 7. (人教B7U5)Our camp is (locate) in a beautiful area near a quiet canal，where you will sleep in tents under the stars. 8. Even a thirty-minute run will provide (relieve) from aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress. 9. (北师B4U3)And the fifth event，which (occur) 66 million years ago，caused the death of the dinosaurs. 10. (2021·浙江卷)He always had a sense of (curious)， wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. has crashed　 located　 relief　 occurred　 curiosity　 维度2　熟词生义 1. supply A. n.供应量；补给量　　B. n.生活必需品，补给品 C. vt.供给，供应 (1)The media supplies lots of information to us every day. ⁠ (2)There is a plentiful supply of cheap labour. ⁠ (3)It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 2. flood A. n.洪水，水灾　B. n.大批，大量　C. vt.(被)淹没 D. vi.大量涌入　E. vi.涌上心头 (1)I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front. ⁠ (2)The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. ⁠ (3)The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their village. ⁠ E　 A　 C　 (4)Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year. ⁠ (5)Refugees continued to flood into neighbouring countries，leading to great panic. ⁠ B　 D　 A. n.洪水，水灾　B. n.大批，大量　C. vt.(被)淹没 D. vi.大量涌入　E. vi.涌上心头 3. shock A. n.令人震惊的事　B. n.休克　C. vt.使触电 D. vt.使震惊 (1)Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. ⁠ (2)Nothing could have shocked me more. ⁠ (3)Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. ⁠ (4)It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. ⁠ C　 D　 B　 A　 4. The tractor is powered by a diesel engine (柴油发动机). ⁠ ⁠ 5. He is staffing in that firm，so you could turn to him for help. ⁠ ⁠ 6. I received a flood of letters this morning. ⁠ 7. Poor health may be a bar to success in life. ⁠ v.给…… 提供动力　 vt. 在……工作，任职于　 n.大量的东西　 n.障碍　 维度3　完成句子/句型转换/句式升级 1. 此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，让你来发展你的创造 力，并与其他志同道合的同学建立友谊。 Moreover，the competition will ⁠ to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. 2. 我突然想到可以让人把书寄给我。 ⁠ I could have the book sent to me. supply you with a chance　 It occurred to/hit/struck me that　 3. How do you think he will react to your suggestion？ →What do you think will be？ 4. The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously. →The woman in the shop had looked at them ⁠. 5. Would you please inform me of/about your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly？ →Would you please ⁠ your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly？(keep＋宾语＋宾 语补足语) his reaction to your suggestion　 with curiosity　 keep me informed of/about　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Sir/Madam， I’m Li Hua，a student from earthquake-stricken area.I’m writing ① (感激你们及时的援 助；非谓语作原因状语)，without which my life couldn’t return to normal. to express my thanks for your timely rescue　 A few days ago，② ⁠ (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡)，which ③ (这使得许多房子成为废 墟；leave复合结构) and completely destroyed my home.Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses，④ ⁠ (我大哭起来).To me，⑤ ⁠ (好像世界末日到了；as if). an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown　 left a great/good many houses in ruins　 I burst into tears/burst out crying　 it seemed as if the world were at an end　 Thankfully，strangers as you are，you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and drink to survive on.⑥ ⁠ (没有你们的援助，我无法想象我现在的状况是多 么地差；双重否定).I can’t express my gratitude too much. Yours sincerely， Li Hua Without your help，I couldn’t imagine how bad my situation now is　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情 感 描 写 odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊；使气愤 scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕n.恐慌；惊吓 curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 动 作 描 写 crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 环 境 描 写 disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 tsunami n.海啸 downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下n.楼下 destination n.目的地，终点 bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 这个海滩是著名的旅游目的地。那天，海滩上与往常一样。游 客们跑着，打着排球，或者只是坐在沙滩上。突然，一个小女孩注 意到一些奇怪的事。她感到很好奇，便向父母询问此事。她的父母 立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。他们感到震惊和害怕。但很快他 们想到一定要保持冷静并立即通知安全员。令他们宽慰的是，在安 全员的帮助下，所有人都很幸运地躲过了这场灾难。 The beach is ⁠.That day was like any other day on the beach.Tourists were running， ⁠ .Suddenly，a little girl ⁠ . ⁠ and asked her parents about that.Her parents realized immediately that these were signals of an approaching tsunami. a famous tourist destination　 playing volleyball or just sitting on the sandy beach　 noticed something odd　 She felt curious　 .But soon ⁠ ⁠ . ，with the aid of the safety officers， all the people ⁠. They were shocked and scared　 it occurred to them that they should keep their heads and inform the safety officers immediately　 To their relief　 were fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·重庆育才中学校考三模)Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day，countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. However，there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill，a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement，but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs，given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually，real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out，quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2，500 years ago：he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days later，making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays，seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently，Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally，Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km.Fortunately，such quakes are almost always harmless，since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害——地震预报 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报 是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和 方法等。 1. What do we know about earthquake forecasting？ A. Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes. B. As long as enough data is collected，earthquakes can be predicted. C. Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes. D. Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们 一直热衷于准确预测地震。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes？ A. By seismic and remote-sensing methods. B. By observing unusual natural phenomena. C. By living in seismic zones throughout the year. D. By looking into data on the early warning signs. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句和第四句可推知，Pherecydes是通 过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction？ A. He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem. B. He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future. C. He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40 km. D. He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段最后Bruneau说的内容可推知，Bruneau认 为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Which question does this article focus on？ A. Why do humans predict earthquakes？ B. How to protect oneself during an earthquake？ C. What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes？ D. When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting？ 答案：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能， 解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文 的主旨是地震预报方法。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2024·河南许昌高三校考)“Animal Control.How can I help you？” a deep voice ran through the phone receiver. Earlier that morning，I’d been on my way to meet a friend for breakfast.Driving down a long stretch of road that connected two neighborhoods，there was nothing but tall trees and grassy areas.Then，I caught sight of a furry brown，black and white tail moving in the wind on the side of the road. Throughout breakfast，I couldn’t get the animal off my mind.I named him Fluffy.Perhaps it was someone’s loving cat or dog.Maybe a fox？ I wasn’t sure.But it might be wounded and needed help，and that was more important.So，I called Animal Control. The next day，I was curious to find out if Animal Control had found sweet Fluffy，so I called for an update.The same gentleman told me that he drove by the area but didn’t see any sign of an animal.I hung up the phone，feeling relieved. I grabbed my purse and headed out the door.I had a full day ahead of me.Feeling good，I turned on the radio in my car and started singing along at the top of my lungs—until I saw Fluffy！ There he was， farther down the road，half behind some brush with his tail sticking out and moving. I eased my way into a parking space，and dialed Animal Control once again.I promised to meet the man the location where I last saw the animal. About ten minutes later，the township Animal Control truck pulled up behind my car.I pointed to the brush.To take a better look，the man walked toward Fluffy.When he came back，he laughed so heartily that I thought：How rude！ Then he showed me Fluffy”，“Meet Fluffy， a 100-percent-cotton pompom (绒球) cap！” My face must have been as red as his red polo shirt.Fluffy was a hat！ 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动植物——向动物控制中心求助的 故事 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女士 将一顶绒球帽误认作一个受伤小动物而反复向动物控制中心求 助的故事。 5. Why did the author call Animal Control that morning？ A. To ask for directions. B. To find a lost pet. C. To report a troubled animal. D. To call for a weather update. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，作者之所以打电话，是因 为怀疑有小动物受伤。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Which best describes the author？ A. Socially-disadvantaged. B. Aggressive. C. Light-hearted. D. Sympathetic. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句、第四段第一句以及倒数第三段 的内容可推知作者因怀疑小动物受伤，反复给动物控制中心打电 话，由此可以推知，作者是一个富有同情心的人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. How would the man feel when he showed Fluffy to the author？ A. He felt really offended. B. He’s highly amused by the incident. C. He felt slightly awkward about the result. D. He hugely relieved to see her happy again. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四句、第五句可推知，男人发现那 个小动物不过是顶帽子的时候大笑起来，可知他被逗乐了。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is the purpose of the text？ A. To share a fun experience. B. To promote wildlife protection. C. To recommend a government worker. D. To introduce a chance encounter with Fluffy. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。根据文章主要讲述了一个女士将一顶绒球帽误认作一 个受伤小动物而反复向动物控制中心求助的故事。所以，作者写这 篇文章的目的是给读者们分享这段有趣的经历。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——旅行——公路旅行计划 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章认为公路旅行要做计 划，并简要介绍了公路旅行的几个注意事项。 (2024·山西大同检测)Some of the best road trips are unplanned.You simply grab a few items，jump in a car and set off.However，this approach involves some risk. 　1　 That’s why the first rule of road trip planning is to bring along whatever you might need to have fun.Some food，a guitar，and a cooler full of drinks can go a long way. 1 2 3 4 5 A. You may end up in a boring part of town. B. You can find this information online. C. When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take. D. Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed. E. It’s good to take an emergency phone with you. F. Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources. G. A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据上下文的内容可推理出，空白处说的是不进行公路旅行计划可 能会遇到的风险，与A项表达的含义一致。 1 2 3 4 5 Planning a road trip can be almost as fun as the trip itself.Some well-designed travel guides may be of great help.  　2　 For the logically-minded，the management of speed，fuel，accommodation and timing details can present a rewarding journey. 1 2 3 4 5 A. You may end up in a boring part of town. B. You can find this information online. C. When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take. D. Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed. E. It’s good to take an emergency phone with you. F. Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources. G. A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“Some well-designed travel guides may be of great help.” 可推理出，下文说的是查看旅游指南的有益之处，分析待选项，G 项表达的含义符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　3　 Highways make it possible to drive across an entire country without seeing anything or meeting anyone.The more you skip freeways in favor of scenic highways，the more you’re likely to get out of your trip. 1 2 3 4 5 A. You may end up in a boring part of town. B. You can find this information online. C. When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take. D. Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed. E. It’s good to take an emergency phone with you. F. Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources. G. A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文的内容可知，上文说的是要对出行线路进行规划，与C项 表达的含义一致。 1 2 3 4 5 Once you’ve figured out your plan roughly，fill in the details， and bear in mind that maps and satellite navigation systems are not always up to date.  　4　 Remember，the more you prepare now，the better equipped you’ll be if you decide to change your trip later or have to deal with an unforeseen problem. 1 2 3 4 5 A. You may end up in a boring part of town. B. You can find this information online. C. When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take. D. Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed. E. It’s good to take an emergency phone with you. F. Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources. G. A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据上下文可推理出，此处上下文说的是在确定计划以后，要 尽可能充分地进行准备，与F项表达的含义一致。 根据上下文可推理出，此处上下文说的是在确定计划以后，要 尽可能充分地进行准备，与F项表达的含义一致。 1 2 3 4 5 Booking accommodation and having backup plans can make or break a trip，especially if you want to visit some remote byways with limited accommodation opportunities.  　5　 In some areas，especially the American West，gas stations can be a hundred miles away. 1 2 3 4 5 A. You may end up in a boring part of town. B. You can find this information online. C. When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take. D. Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed. E. It’s good to take an emergency phone with you. F. Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources. G. A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可推理出，上文说的是要对所到之处的燃油供应情况有所 准备，与D项表达的含义一致。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·湖北统考二模)Chick-fil-A is known for their incredible customer service.But the restaurants often find special ways to  　1　 in times of crisis，too.And this North Carolina Chick-fil-A helped Hurricane Florence relief  　2　 by opening its doors on Sunday. You’ll always hear “My pleasure” from Chick-fil-A  　3　 when they serve you.And the Wilmington，North Carolina Chick-fil-A， owned by Donovan and Nikki Carless，was quick to serve locals on Sunday after Hurricane Florence left thousands of people  　4　. By then，the hurricane had already 　5　 the lives of 43 people.Rescue missions  　6　 around 5，000 people from dangerous conditions.And the Governor of North Carolina，Roy Cooper，announced that floodwaters were still a(n)  　7　 to the state. With this in mind，the restaurant owners asked their employees who would be 　8　 to serve food on Sunday.It’s a day the company usually closes in honor of its Christian beliefs.But on this particular Sunday，the doors opened and served the miserable  　9　. According to ABC News 11，the team 　10　 the opportunity to help. 　11　 the Red Cross，the team was able to give 500 sandwiches and 1，200 biscuits at three different  　12　.Other fast-food chains also  　13　 in rescue work.And this is  　14　 what community is all about.In times like these，it’s always  　15　 to see businesses put their bottom dollar aside and instead look to see how they can give back. 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——好人好事——帮助救援在飓风佛罗伦萨 中受灾的灾民 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了快餐连锁 店Chick-fil-A在周日开门帮助救援在飓风佛罗伦萨中受灾的灾民的 故事。 根据下文“And this North...by opening its doors on Sunday.”可 知，Chick-fil-A在危机时刻也经常以特殊的方法做出回应。 1. A. remain B. respond C. reflect D. refresh 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. 根据下文“serve locals on...of people  　4　”可知，Chick-fil-A 周 日开门营业，帮助佛罗伦萨飓风的救援工作。relief effort指的是救 援行动。 根据下文“serve locals on...of people  　4　”可知，Chick-fil-A 周 日开门营业，帮助佛罗伦萨飓风的救援工作。relief effort指的是救 援行动。 2. A. effort B. fund C. supplies D. staff 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. leaders B. residents C. colleagues D. employees 答案：D 3. 根据下文“when they serve you”可知，此处指的是 Chick-fil-A 的雇员。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. motionless B. fearless C. homeless D. speechless 答案：C 根据常识可知，飓风佛罗伦萨使成千上万人无家可归。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. claimed B. lost C. confirmed D. dominated 答案：A 根据句中“the lives of 43 people”可知，此处指飓风夺走了43人 的生命。claim(指灾难﹑事故等)使(某人)失踪或死亡。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. hid B. separated C. recovered D. prevented 答案：C 根据句中“from dangerous conditions”可知，此处指救援团队将 大约5 000人从危险的环境中救出。recover 指“找回；寻回；找 到”，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. warning B. threat C. reminder D. interruption 答案：B 根据下文“With this in mind，...food on Sunday.”可知，洪水对 该州来说仍然是威胁。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. proud B. reliable C. curious D. willing 答案：D 根据下文“It’s a day...its Christian beliefs.”可知，此处指餐馆老 板征求了愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物的员工。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. victims B. villagers C. rescuers D. attackers 答案：A 根据常识可知，在灾难面前，人们都是受害者。miserable victims 可怜的难民。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. opened up B. waited for C. benefited from D. jumped at 答案：D 根据上文“With this in mind，...food on Sunday.”可知，餐馆老 板征求了愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物的员工。此处指员工欣 然接受了这个提供帮助的机会。jump at欣然接受。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. In command of B. In reward for C. In association with D. In contrast to 答案：C 根据句意可知，此处指该团队与红十字会联合。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. companies B. habitats C. shelters D. settlements 答案：C 结合上文提到飓风佛罗伦萨导致数千人无家可归可知，该团队 和红十字联合，在三个不同的避难处提供三明治和饼干。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. engaged B. delighted C. succeeded D. invested 答案：A 其他快餐连锁店也参与了救援工作。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. merely B. surely C. probably D. truly 答案：D 根据上文“...the team was...Other fast-food chains also...”可知， 这就是社区的真正意义所在。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 通读全文可知，在这样的时候，看到企业不顾自己的利益，转 而寻求如何回报社会的行为是令人鼓舞的。 15. A. challenging B. inspiring C. astonishing D. puzzling 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个节 气——寒露。 Cold Dew is the 17th solar term of the year.At this time， there are some interesting 1. 　　　　　　 (phenomenon) you need to know. 1. 考查名词单复数。根据句意及some修饰可知，此处应填可数名词 phenomenon的复数形式，表示“现象”。 答案：phenomena Not only 2. 　　　　　　 temperatures drop significantly， but also rainfall is reduced.When the cold air encounters autumn rain， it turns into misty rain or fog.When the humidity is high， 3. 　　　　　　 (fog) regions form in many areas of China. 2. 考查倒装。根据句意及句子结构可知，not only置于句首，其后 句子的谓语动词需用部分倒装：否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主 语；由空后is可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复 数，助动词需用do。 答案：do 3. 考查词性转换。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词 foggy，表示“多雾的”，作定语，修饰名词regions。 答案：foggy People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense.That’s 4. 　　　　　　 temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly.Fish swim to shallow water areas 5. 　　　　　　 the water temperature is 6. ________(relative) high. 4. 考查表语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，此 处表示“因为”，故用引导词because，引导表语从句。 答案：because 5. 考查定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是定语从 句，先行词是shallow water areas，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where引导。 答案：where 6. 考查词性转换。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用副词 relatively，表示“相对地”，作状语，修饰形容词high。 答案：relatively Pomegranates (石榴) are ripe during Cold Dew， releasing a sweet scent.With their exquisite beauty， flavor and color， pomegranates never fail to attract people and 7. 　　　　　　 (cherish) for centuries also for their health benefits and anti-aging benefits. 7. 考查动词的时态和语态。主语pomegranates与cherish是逻辑上的 动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语for centuries及句意可知， 此处表示石榴从过去到现在一直被珍视，还将继续被人们珍视下 去，故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语pomegranates是复 数，助动词用have。 答案：have been cherished Chrysanthemum (菊花) is the iconic flower of Cold Dew.8. _________ (prevent) autumn dryness， many regions in China have the custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine， which is thought to boost heart health by strengthening blood vessels and 9. 　　　　　　 (stimulate) blood flow. 8. 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。 根据句意，此处表示目的，应填不定式to prevent。位于句首，首字 母需大写。 答案：To prevent 9. 考查非谓语动词。根据句意及句子结构可知，and表示并列，故 设空处与strengthening保持一致，作介词by的宾语。 答案：stimulating During Cold Dew， North China takes on a look of late autumn with white clouds， red leaves and early frost.People often climb hills with cornels (茱萸) 10. 　　　　　　 the day of the Double Ninth Festival， aiming to dispel evils. 10. 考查介词。分析句意并根据the day of the Double Ninth Festival可 知，此处表示具体的某一天，应用介词on。 答案：on 阅读语篇专练提升 (2023·湖南汨罗期中) A Set at the entrance to beautiful bays and natural harbors， lighthouses have prevented ships from touching the ground in shallow water for hundreds of years. Sadly， however， many of them are not needed because of effective onboard navigational (导航的) systems. As they were designed to be visible， lighthouses often become very distinctive landmarks： their shapes and colors stand out against the surrounding landscapes. Consequently， they make for some fantastic photo opportunities and are usually set in impressive spots along rocky coastlines or wild seas. Galle Lighthouse Located within the ancient walls of Galle Fort， the lighthouse of the same name has protected the surrounding waters ever since it was first built in 1848. While it is the oldest lighthouse in the whole of Sri Lanka， the current lighthouse’s blindingly bright white walls only date back to 1939， when it was rebuilt after a devastating fire. Hercules Tower Lighthouse Ever since the second century CE， Hercules Tower Lighthouse has watched out over Spain’s North Atlantic coastline.This remarkably makes it one of the very few oldest lighthouses still in operation today. Such is its age that it is believed to have been modeled after the Lighthouse of Alexandria—one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Big Red Lighthouse Standing proudly at the south side of the Holland Channel， Big Red Lighthouse presents a striking red appearance to increase its visibility in the daytime.Another unusual quality of Big Red is that the rare lighthouse watches over two bodies of water—Lake Macatawa and Lake Michigan. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个著名 的灯塔。 1. Who are probably the fans of lighthouses nowadays？ A. Photographers. B. Historians. C. Sailors. D. Scientists. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“their shapes and...or wild seas”可 知，灯塔的导航作用越来越被弱化，因其醒目的颜色和形状备受摄 影爱好者青睐，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. Which of the following is currently used for navigation？ A. Galle Lighthouse. B. The Lighthouse of Alexandria. C. Big Red Lighthouse. D. Hercules Tower Lighthouse. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This remarkably makes it one of the very few...in operation today.”可知，Hercules Tower Lighthouse是为 数不多仍用于导航的灯塔。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. What is special about Big Red Lighthouse？ A. It has the same name as the ancient walls. B. It borders Lake Macatawa and Lake Michigan. C. It gives off red light to increase its visibility. D. It is modeled after the ancient wonder. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Another unusual quality...and Lake Michigan.”可知，Big Red Lighthouse濒临两大湖。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B Last weekend， I said goodbye to another dear old friend.We had 12 fine years together， but our relationship was becoming dysfunctional (不正常的). Unwanted emissions and serious health problems were the final straw， leaving me with no choice but to make a trip to the knacker’s (收废汽车者的) yard. I am now car-free for the first time in 20 years， and it feels strange.When I gave up meat， I did so mainly for environmental reasons， and I didn’t miss it at all. I would like to say the same about my car， but I can’t. It was first and foremost a financial decision： keeping the old car on the road was getting too expensive. But doing the right thing for the wrong reasons is still doing the right thing—I now have a chance to rethink how I move myself and my family around， and can try to find a more environmentally friendly means of transport. Going car-free is， I think， a lifestyle change that many of us are going to make over the next few years， as car ownership becomes increasingly unnecessary， expensive and socially unacceptable. However， it is easier said than done.Now my car is gone.I still need to get around.But how？ I already cycle to work and use public transport when appropriate.But there are some occasions when a car seems to be the only way. I won’t buy one： I have joined a car-share program and will use taxis more often. I will hire a car if I need to drive a long distance.But then I am still travelling in fossil-fuelled cars (燃油汽车)， like when I quit meat and ended up eating more cheese.I fear I may have swapped one environmental problem for another. I am also afraid to think about the ultimate fate of my car. I have just offloaded more than a ton of metal， plastic， rubber， fabric， electronics， oil and petrol that will end up in a landfill. There are millions of similar vehicles in the UK alone that will have to go somewhere. Maybe I am overthinking it. According to Charlie Wilson， a climate scientist at the UK’s Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research， getting rid of a private car is no doubt a positive step to reduce CO2 emissions. He points to research by the OECD’s International Transport Forum. “They showed that moving from a private vehicle fleet (车队) to a shared vehicle fleet can greatly cut the number of vehicles you need to deliver the mobility that we need and want. If that vehicle fleet is electrified， you can also bring CO2 emissions close to zero.”So in other words， just get rid of your car. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者因 为经济原因废弃掉了自己的旧车，也没有买新的车，但是不管是什 么原因作者认为是做了正确的事情，他认为这可以有助于减少二氧 化碳的排放，为环境做出贡献。 4. What do we know about the author’s car？ A. It was old. B. It was green. C. It was his first car. D. It was a second-hand car. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We had 12 fine...was becoming dysfunctional.”可知，作者的车很老了。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What do the author’s giving up meat and saying goodbye to his car have in common？ A. He did both for the wrong reasons. B. He thinks both help him save money. C. He considers both are right decisions. D. He did both out of concern for the environment. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But doing the...doing the right thing”可知，作者认为不管是戒肉还是跟车说再见都是正确的 事情。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. What does the author fear？ A. He may have to spend more on travel. B. His lifestyle might be changed completely. C. He might get bored with public transportation. D. His decision may fail to help the environment. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But then I am...problem for another.” 可知，作者担心他的决定可能对环境无益。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. What does Charlie Wilson say？ A. It is wise to do away with old private cars. B. It is very easy to deal with old private cars. C. Electric cars are the solution to traffic problems. D. The OECD plays a key role in promoting car-sharing. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to Charlie Wilson， ...to reduce CO2 emissions.”以及最后一段引号里的话“They showed that...close to zero.”可知，Charlie Wilson认为抛弃旧的私家车是明 智的。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C Like many teenagers， I was once troubled by anxiety and dissatisfaction-feelings that my parents often met with puzzlement rather than sympathy. They were already in their 50s， and having grown up in postwar Britain， they struggled to understand the sources of my discontentment. “The problem with your generation is that you always desire to be happy.” my mother once said. I was puzzled. Surely happiness was the purpose of living， and we should spare no efforts to achieve it at every opportunity. I simply wasn’t prepared to accept my unhappiness as something that was beyond my control. But I have noticed a shift in thinking， and I am now coming to the conclusion that my mother’s judgement was ⁠. Over the past 10 years， numerous studies have shown that our obsession (痴迷) with happiness and high personal confidence may be making us less content with our lives， and less effective at reaching our actual goals. Indeed， we may often be happy when we stop focusing on happiness altogether. spot on　 While greater contentment is achievable， don’t expect miracle， and accept that no matter how hard you try， feeling of frustration and unhappiness will appear from time to time.In reality， certain negative feelings can serve a useful purpose. When we feel sad， it’s often because we have learned something painful but important， while stress can motivate you to make some changes to your life.The last thing you should do is to blame yourselves for occasionally feeling bad when plans don’t work out. Eventually， you might adopt the old saying “Prepare for the worst， hope for the best and be unsurprised by everything in between.” As my mother tried to teach me all those years ago， ease the pressure off yourself， and you may find that contentment arrives when you’re least expecting it. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者分享了自己对母亲的 观点“年轻一代的问题在于总是期待快乐”，由疑惑到赞同的转变 过程。作者还指出，负面情绪是生活必不可少的一部分，我们需要 做的是放松心态，或许能在期待最少的时候获得最想要的满足。 8. Which of the following best explains “spot on” underlined in paragraph 3？ A. Confusing. B. Correct. C. Ridiculous. D. Controversial. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The problem with.... I was puzzled.” 可知，作者当时并不赞同母亲的话。而根据上文“But I have noticed a shift in thinking”可知，作者的观念发生了改变，也就是 作者认同了母亲的看法，觉得母亲的话是正确的。所以spot on为 “正确的”之意。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. According to the text， which of the following mainly leads to teenager’ unhappiness？ A. High expectations. B. Low living-purposes. C. Inadequate efforts. D. Improper preparations. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Over the past 10 years，...our actual goals.”以及第四段中“While greater contentment...from time to time.”可推断，过高的期待会让我们不开心。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with？ A. Stress in your life will probably ruin your happiness and life. B. Higher personal confidence makes us more satisfied with our life. C. You needn’t be guilty of feeling awful since you may learn a lot from it. D. If we try hard， feelings of frustration and unhappiness will disappear from our life. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推断，作者认为我们无需内疚， 因为我们从失败中学到了很多。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A. Can We Benefit from Negative Feelings？ B. Why It’s Time to Stop Fighting for Happiness？ C. How Can We Overcome Our Unhappiness？ D. Can We Generation Be Happier than Our Parents？ 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，作者分享了自己对母亲的观点“年轻 一代的问题在于总是期待快乐”，由疑惑到赞同的转变过程。作者 还指出，负面情绪是生活必不可少的一部分，我们需要做的是放松 心态，或许能在期待最少的时候获得最想要的满足。因此B项作为 文章标题最为合适。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D In WALL-E， a science fiction movie， a little robot is responsible for cleaning a world covered in garbage； a world where there is no longer room for anything else， not even humans！ The film encourages common people， worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question： What can be done to prevent something like this happening？ For some， microfactories could become the most promising answer. Veena Sahajwalla， a materials scientist and engineer in Sydney， Australia， has discovered a solution to the challenging waste problem. Her one-stop approach could go beyond the existing recycling processes. Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic， and are essentially little trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal (热的) technology. “Using our green manufacturing technologies， these microfactories can transform waste， enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems， but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created，” she explains. Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream， approximately 53.6 million tons of e-waste were generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts， only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile， worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow， reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030. Although the most effective solution to the waste challenges would not generate as much trash， Sahajwalla microfactories provide hope for all the waste that already exists. Her solution not only decreases the amount of waste， but it also improves its management and enables new manufacturing opportunities around the new materials created. WALL-E shows us the best and the worst of what human beings have to offer. It shows where the world is headed unless the human species slows down and stops developing at the current pace.But it also provides hope， showing that we also have a great power to change and improve. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种垃圾 微型工厂，可以解决大量垃圾问题，介绍了这一机器的优点和其开 发者Veena Sahajwalla对其的看法。 12. What’s the aim to write the first paragraph？ A. To tell us what WALL-E is about. B. To show the wide future of robots. C. To introduce the use of microfactories. D. To praise Veena Sahajwalla’s contribution. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段三、四句话再结合下文对微型工厂的介绍 推知，写第一段的目的是介绍微型工厂的使用。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. What do we know about Veena Sahajwalla？ A. She is a top scientist in Australia. B. She has been devoted to garbage factories. C. Her waste microfactories are practical. D. Her trash processors are being widely promoted. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话以及第三段Veena Sahajwalla的 话可知，Veena Sahajwalla所开发的处理垃圾的微型工厂是非常实用 的。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. How does the fourth paragraph develop？ A. By making contrasts. B. By listing relevant figures. C. By summarizing the above. D. By analyzing cause and effect. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容推知，本段用列举相关数据的方式 展开陈述。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. What’s the author’s attitude towards microfactories？ A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent. 答案：A 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知，作者对于微型工厂持 积极的态度。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$