Unit 3 Getting along with others-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 3　Getting along with others 必修第一册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——友谊) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1.sight n. 视野；视力；看见 2. medium n.(pl.media) 传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具 adj. 中等的，中号的 3. social media 社交媒体 4. chat vi.& n. 聊天，闲聊 5. café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 6. loss n. 失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失 7. frank adj. 坦率的，直率的 8. definitely adv. 肯定，确实；确切地 9. blog n. 博客，网志 10. theme n. 主题；主旋律 11. slave n. 奴隶 12. raft n. 木排，筏 13. indeed adv. 其实，实际上；的确；真正地 14. well-meaning adj. 出于好心的，善意的 15. death n. 死，死亡；死亡状态 16. poet n. 诗人 17.wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒 二、核心词汇——明其形 1.awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 2. horrible adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 3. case n. 具体情况，事例；案件；容器 4. trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；戏法 5. misunderstand vt.& vi. (misunderstood，misunderstood) 　　误解，误会 6. contact vt.& n. 联系，联络 7. shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的 8. opinion n. 意见，看法；(群体的)观点；信仰 9. quality n. 品德，素质；质量；特征 adj. 优质的，高质量的 10. efficient adj. 效率高的，有功效的 11. extra adj. 额外的，分外的，附加的 adv. 额外，另外；特别，格外 12. measure vt. 估量，判定；测量 n. 措施；衡量 13. seek (sought，sought) vi. 试图；寻找；争取 vt. 寻求；寻找 14. escape vi.& vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃离，逃脱 15. moment n. 时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻 16.thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的；仔细的 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→origin n.起源→originally adv.最初 2. recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得； 恢复，重新控制→recovery n.恢复 3. judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员 →judg(e)ment n.判断 4. apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n.道歉 5. behavio(u)r n.行为，举止，态度→behave vi.举止；表现 6. frank adj.坦率的，直率的→frankly adv.坦率地 7. ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n.无知 8. suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n.痛苦，苦 难→sufferer n.患者，受难者 9. explode vi.爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发vt.使爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸；爆发 10. respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n.尊敬，敬意；重视；方面→respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊重的→respectable adj.体面的；值得尊敬的 11. efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n.效率；效能 12. reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映→reflect v.反思；反射 13. benefit n.优势，益处，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有 益的 14. comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的 15. failure n.失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→fail vi.& vt.失 败；不及格 16. recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→recognition n.认 出；认可；承认 17. death n.死，死亡；死亡状态→dead adj.死的→die vi.死亡 18. admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.令人钦佩的→admiration n. 钦佩；欣赏 1.on the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线 3. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. at a loss 不知所措，困惑 5. in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 6. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on 依赖，依靠，指望 9. eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏 10. come between...and... 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 11. in person 亲自，亲身 12. high point 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分 13. through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 14. in one’s opinion 在某人看来 15. get over 克服；恢复常态 16. bring out 使显现，使表现出 17. smooth out 消除(问题)，克服(困难) 18. be meant to do sth. 注定要做某事，应做某事 19. take on 呈现，具有 20.in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 常见结构 1. see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 2. so...that...如此……以至于…… 3. 部分否定 4. have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 5. whether...or...或者……或者…… 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 2. adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 3. n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器 4. vt.欺骗，欺诈n.诡计，花招；戏法 5. vt.& vi.(misunderstood， misunderstood) 误解， 误会 awkward　 horrible　 case　 trick　 misunderstand　 6. vt.& n.联系，联络 7. adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的 8. n.意见，看法；(群体的)观点，信仰 9. n.品德，素质；质量；特征adj.优质的，高质量的 10. adj.效率高的，有功效的 11. adj.额外的，分外的，附加的adv.额外，另外；特别， 格外 12. vt.估量，判定；测量n.措施；衡量 13. (sought，sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取vt.寻求；寻找 contact　 shallow　 opinion　 quality　 efficient　 extra　 measure　 seek　 14. vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘n.逃 离，逃脱 15. n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻 16. adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的 escape　 moment　 thorough　 二、拓展词汇 1. adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→ adv.起 初，原来→ n.起源，起因；出身→ v.起源； 创立 2. vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获 得；恢复，重新控制→ n.恢复；复苏；复得 3. vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员 → n.评价；判断力；判决 original　 originally　 origin　 originate　 recover　 recovery　 judge　 judgement　 4. n.行为，举止，态度→ v.表现 得体，有礼貌 5. vt.忽视，对……不予理会→ adj.无知的， 愚昧的→ n.无知 6. vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→ ⁠ n.痛苦，苦难；苦恼 7. vi.(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发；爆炸 vt.使爆炸 → n.爆炸 behaviour/behavior　 behave　 ignore　 ignorant　 ignorance　 suffer　 suffering　 explode　 explosion　 8. adj.效率高的，有功效的→ adv.效率高 地，有效地→ n.效率，功效；(物)功率 9. n.沉思； 反射； 映像；反映 → vt.& vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 10. n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于 → adj.有益的，有用的 11. vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰→ adj. 舒适的；自在的→ adv.舒适地 → ⁠ adj.使人不舒服的 → adv.不舒服地 efficient　 efficiently　 efficiency　 reflection　 reflect　 benefit　 beneficial　 comfort　 comfortable　 comfortably　 uncomfortable　 uncomfortably　 12. n.失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→ v. 失败；未做；出故障；倒闭；不及格 13. vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 → n.承认，认可；认识，识别，认出；赏识，赞誉 14. n.死，死亡；死亡状态→ v.死→ adj. 死的→ adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 15. vt.钦佩； 欣赏→ adj.可钦佩的，值得 赞赏的→ n.钦佩，欣赏 failure　 fail　 recognize　 recognition　 death　 die　 dead　 deadly　 admire　 admirable　 admiration　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. 脱离某人的视线 3. 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. 不知所措，困惑 5. 有错，应承担责任 6. 无论如何，不管怎样 7. 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. 依赖，依靠，指望 on the rocks　 out of one’s sight　 make it　 at a loss　 in the wrong　 in any case　 let go of　 count on　 9. 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏 10. 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 11. 亲自，亲身 12. 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分 13. 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 14. 在某人看来 15. 克服；恢复常态 16. 使显现，使表现出 17. 消除(问题)，克服(困难) eat away at　 come between...and...　 in person　 high point　 through thick and thin　 in one’s opinion　 get over　 bring out　 smooth out　 18. 注定要做某事，应做某事 19. 呈现，具有 20. 最大程度地，最大限度地 be meant to do sth.　 take on　 in full measure　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. whether...or... ⁠ ， we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. 无论我们步行去上学、做家庭作业还是周末闲逛，我们几乎从来没 离开过彼此的视线。 Whether we’re walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend　 2. I was ⁠ I avoided her during school all day. 我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她。 3. We often ⁠ ⁠. 我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。 so angry that　 find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own　 4. A classmate told me she had ⁠ with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. 一个同学告诉我，她在周六下午看到我的朋友和另一个女孩在咖啡 馆聊天。 5. ⁠ agrees on which is the most important. 并不是每个人都同意哪个是最重要的。 seen my friends chatting　 Not everyone　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·全国甲卷)Their (recover) has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 2. (2023·北京卷) A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激) with behavioural (respond) that help meet the goal. recovery　 responses　 3. (2023·浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”， (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 4. (2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat (lose)，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades，which has damaged the U. S. agricultural economy. 5. (2023·北京卷) Habit formation is the process by which     (behave) become automatic. originally　 loss　 behaviours　 6. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more (comfort) and confident speaking English. 7. (外研B7U4)Taking it as an object of study，psychologists have published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is (benefit) to setting up positive emotional bonding. 8. (外研B7U6)Instantaneously，excitement and optimism turned into terror and (fail). 9. (外研B6U4)Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do，and can make (judge) based on information. comfortable　 beneficial　 failure　 judgements　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Let’s (准时到达) eight o’clock tomorrow morning if you want to go to the park with me. 2. Don’t always (依靠别人来帮助 你)；you are old enough to make decisions by yourself. 3. If we can (克服我们目前的困 难)，then everything should be all right. make it　 count on others to help you　 get over our present difficulties　 4. Apart from enthusiasm for (显现) changes，you still need the maturity，wisdom，knowledge and skills to make good decisions. 5. But once we break out of the gravity pull，our freedom ⁠ (呈现) a whole new dimension. 6. The company has a very serious financial problem and it is ⁠ (陷入困境) now. 7. To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them (当面，亲自). bringing about　 takes on　 on the rocks　 in person　 8. With the doctor’s help，she began to (放弃)recalling those bad things with her. 9. Many times of failure have (逐渐破 坏他的信心). 10. Since the differences between the manager and I were ⁠ (消除问题)，work has been going much more smoothly. let go of　 eaten away at his confidence　 smoothed out　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 不管明天是否下雨，我们都和外国朋友去爬泰山。 We are going to climb Mountain Tai with the foreign guests tomorrow ⁠. 2. 你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我特地写信祝贺你。(祝贺信) ，so I am specially writing to congratulate you. whether it rains or not　 You have made such great progress　 3. (外研B5U1)因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所 以我发现攒钱非常困难。 Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive，I ⁠ any money. 4. (人教B4U4) 当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。 Of course， ⁠ is paying attention in class. find it hard to save　 not everyone who looks up　 5. (人教B5U4)第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山 俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。 The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to ⁠ ⁠ over the city. see the beautiful mountains looking out　 核心考点　互动探究 1. recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得； 恢复，重新控制 ① (recover) the lost time，he is working harder than ever before. To recover　 →Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally it.(recover) →Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally it.(recovery) ③比尔很有可能在比赛前从伤病中恢复过来。 There is much chance that Bill will ⁠ in time for the race. recovered from　 made a recovery from　 recover from his injury　 ②尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后康复了。 (1)recover from从……中恢复 recover oneself镇定下来 (2)recovery n.恢复；复苏；痊愈 make a recovery from从……中恢复 2. judge n.裁判员(referee)；法官vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断， 认为 ①The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly (judge). ②I’m writing to invite you to be ⁠ judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. judged　 a　 ，the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. ④常言道：“我们不能以貌取人。” ⁠ [实战贴士]　judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句 子主语和时态的影响。 As far as I can judge　 As the saying goes，“You can’t judge a book by its cover.”　 ③我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。 (1)judge...from/by...从……来判断…… as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为 (2)judging by/from从……来看；根据……来判断 (3)judgment n.判断 3. apologize vi.道歉(say sorry for fault or causing pain)，谢 罪；辩白 ①After a while，she apologized ⁠ the way she behaved at the beginning. ②The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour. →The teacher her to ⁠ to her deskmate for her bad behaviour. for　 recommended　 make an apology　 ③我应该为星期五下午不能与你一起去书店向你道歉。 I should ⁠ go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. apologize for being unable to　 (1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事向某人道歉 (2)apology n.道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉 owe sb.an apology欠某人一个道歉 4. case n.具体情况，事例；案件；案例(instance，example)；容器 ① is often the case，his mind is wandering in class，which leads to his failure in the exam. ②Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases ⁠ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. ③In ⁠ case you must arrive there on time. As　 where　 any　 → (in case of) → (in case) [实战贴士]　case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句通 常用where或in which引导。 Take your raincoat in case of rain.　 Take your raincoat in case it rains.　 ④带上雨衣以防下雨。 in case以防(万一) in case of万一……；如果发生…… in any case无论如何；总之 in no case决不(置于句首，用部分倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 5. suffer vt.遭受，蒙受(experience sth.unpleasant，such as injury， defeat or loss) vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 ①With no rain for over a year，the city is suffering ⁠ unusually hot weather. ②The hospice aims to ease the (suffer)of the dying. from　 sufferings　 ③He had never suffered such a great loss in his life，so he almost lost the hope for life. → ，he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语) ④“我希望我们能帮他赚些钱，”克拉拉说。“他的家庭状况当下 很糟。” “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara.“His family is .” Not having suffered such a great loss in his life　 suffering so much　 (1)suffer pains/defeat/hardships/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from遭受；患病 (2)suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n.患难者；患病者 6. contact n.触碰；接触；联系，联络；交往；门路；熟人vt.(用电 话、信)联系/联络(某人) ①Were you close contact with him throughout his illness？ ②I think it’s important for people like us in the city to come ⁠ contact with nature and the seasons. ③如果有人企图破坏学校设施，你要联系校保卫处。 If someone intends to destroy school’s facilities， ⁠ ⁠. in　 into　 you should contact campus security　 (1)contact with与……有交往 (2)keep contact with和……保持联系 have contact with和……有联系 make contact with和……取得联系 come into contact with和……接触，打交道 in close contact with与……保持亲密联系 7. respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n.方面，细节(detail)；敬意，尊敬，问候 (polite greeting)；重视 ①In China，we attach great importance to (respect) the elderly. respecting　 ②Living in a town can’t compare with living in the country in many (respect). ③We respect our English teacher.Her modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. →We our English teacher ⁠ .(定语从句) respects　 show respect for　 whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us　 (1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人 out of respect for...出于对……的尊敬；顾及 (3)respectable adj.可敬的，人格高尚的 8. measure vi.& vt.估量，测量；衡量(assess)；判定n.计量制；计量 单位；措施；衡量 ①Some villagers reported a huge snake， (measure) over two metres long，was found dead in a nearby cave. ②它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效的措 施来保护它们。 The number of them is less than 1，000，so I hope you can ⁠ ⁠. measuring　 take some effective measures to protect them　 (1)measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算 (2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事 make sth.to one’s own measure为某人量身定做某物 9. seek vt.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求(make a research for) vi.试 图；寻找；争取 ①The shopkeeper is trying to seek ⁠ a better way to win his customers back，perhaps with a discount. ②You ought to seek advice ⁠ your teacher when you get into trouble in school. for　 from　 ③事实是现在很多年轻人正在大城市寻找他们的未来。 The fact is that nowadays many young people are ⁠ ⁠. ④你正忙于做作业，做运动，交朋友，追求梦想。 ⁠ ⁠ seeking their fortune in big cities　  　You are busy doing homework，playing sports，making friends， and seeking after your dreams.　 seek to do sth.试图做某事 seek for/after寻找/追求 seek one’s fortune寻找致富之路；碰运气 seek sth.from sb.向某人寻求某事 10. escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑(flee away)；避开，避免；被 遗忘n.逃跑；逃走；逃离，逃脱 ①Compared with the (escape) driver，I am proud of what I did. ②Last year I had narrow escape，and I don’t want to risk my life a second time. escaped　 a　 ③那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出火场，既恐惧又疲惫。 The woman ⁠， extremely terrified and exhausted. managed to escape from the fire with her baby　 (1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事 escape from从……逃脱；逃避 (2)a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生 11. benefit n.益处，成效，好处；利益；优势；救济金(welfare) vt. 使受益 vi.得益于 ①The students (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources. ②As we all know，books are the source of knowledge， ⁠ which I benefit a lot. benefiting　 from　 ③了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。 →Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will ⁠ .(benefit vt.) →Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will ⁠ .(benefit n.) →Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will ⁠ .(beneficial) benefit you greatly　 be of great benefit to you　 be very beneficial to you　 ④加入我们作为一名志愿者管理人员来培养你自己的技能，同时给 社区带来益处。 Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while ⁠. bringing benefits to the communities　 (1)benefit from/by...从……中受益；得益于…… (2)for the benefit of为……的利益 be of benefit to对……有益；有益于 to one’s benefit to对……有益 (3)beneficial adj.有益的；有用的 be beneficial to sb./sth.对……有益；有益于 12. comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安 慰；宽慰，抚慰(make sb.feel better) ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)There was a nice kitchen and a ⁠ (comfort) bed. ②He lives ⁠ comfort in the village. ③His parents comforted him ⁠ his failing in the driving test. comfortable　 in　 for　 Furthermore，students living in their own home would ⁠ ⁠ and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents，which has a beneficial impact on the development of their personal character. [归纳拓展]　抽象名词具体化的词有comfort、danger、 success、failure、disappointment、shock、surprise、beauty、 pleasure、honor等。 have access to a comfortable life　 ④而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父 母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。 (1)in comfort舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to对……是安慰 (2)comfort sb.for sth.因某事安慰某人 comfort oneself/sb.with sth.以某事来自我安慰/安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj.舒适的；感到舒服的 13. recognize vt.认出，辨别出；承认，意识到(accept or admit that sth.is true)；认可 ①China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs. ②I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all (recognize). recognizing　 recognition　 ③那本书被公认为是21世纪最重要的文学作品之一。 →The book ⁠ one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century. → ⁠ the book is one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century. is recognized to be/as　 It is recognized that　 ④我们不会说当地的语言，不知道他们的风俗，而且往往我们还不 完全认识(当地的)食物。 We did not speak the local language，did not know the customs，and more often than not， ⁠. did not entirely recognize the food　 (1)be recognized to be/as...被认作……；被认为是…… It is recognized that...人们公认…… (2)recognition n.认出；认识 beyond recognition认不出来 14. admire vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；欣赏(look at sth.with pleasure， appreciation) ①We admire the old scientist ⁠ his great contributions to the country. ②I’d like to express my (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters. for　 admiration　 ③满是羡慕之情，我忍不住问道：“哇！你们结婚多久了？” ，I couldn’t help asking，“Wow！How long have you been married？” ④说到中国历史上的名人，我非常钦佩张骞。 ⁠ ⁠ [实战贴士]　赏月表达法：enjoy the moon；admire the moon Full of admiration　  　When it comes to famous figures in Chinese history，I admire Zhang Qian very much.　 (1)admire sb.for sth.因某事而钦佩某人 (2)admiration n.钦佩；羡慕 express admiration for...钦佩…… 15. original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的 n.原件；原作 ①The (origin) of the universe will probably never be explained. ②The disease is thought to have (origin) in the tropics. ③Our (origin) intention was to devote three months to the project，but obviously the reality has gone far beyond our expectations. origins　 originated　 original　 ④He made great achievements in spite of his lowly ⁠ (original). ⑤我将敦促你按你的原计划行事。 I would urge you to follow through ⁠. origin　 with your original plan　 (1)an original plan原来的计划 an original idea独到的见解 an original thinker有创意的人 (2)originally adv.原来；起初 (3)origin n.起源；出身 the origins of life生命的起源 be of noble origin出生贵族 (4)originate vi.起源，发源 originate in起源于 16. ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会 ① (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. ②At that time I was (ignore) of events going on elsewhere. ③I would have remained in (ignore) of his activities if Shaun hadn’t mentioned it. Ignoring　 ignorant　 ignorance　 ④They totally ignored the sign “No Littering” nearby and threw rubbish into the lake. →They threw rubbish into the lake， “No Littering” nearby.(分词短语) totally ignoring the sign　 (1)ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/忽视某物 (2)ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；无学识的 be ignorant of/about 对……一无所知 (3)ignorance n.无知 out of/through ignorance出于无知 be in ignorance of不知道 17. generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 ①Thank you for being generous ⁠ your time. ②The old woman was always generous ⁠ the poor boy. ③Thank you for contributing (generous) to the scholarship fund. ④He treated them with (generous) and thoughtfulness. ⑤你能原谅她，真是太宽宏大量了。 ⁠ with　 to　 generously　 generosity　 It was very generous of you to forgive her.　 (1)be generous with sth.在某方面慷慨大方 be generous to sb.对某人慷慨大方 It is generous of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方 (2)generously adv.慷慨地；大方地 generosity n.慷慨，大方 18. get over克服；恢复常态 ①I think I can get ⁠ well with these children. ②Hardly could he get ⁠ such huge amounts of work in such a short time. ③I had created a way to get my message ⁠ by using as few words as possible. on/along　 through　 across　 ④There’s not much time left.Let’s get ⁠ to repairing the machine. ⑤我花了很长时间才从她去世的震惊中恢复过来。 ⁠ down　 It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.　 get across被理解；把……讲清楚 get about/around传播；流传；各处走动 get through通过；完成；(用电话)接通，打通 get in收割；收集；购买 get down to sth.开始做某事 get on/along with与……相处，进展 19. company n.陪伴，作伴；公司 ①She arrived company the ship’s captain. ②His younger brother is not much of a (company) for him. ③The musician accompanied the promising singer ⁠ the piano. in　 with　 companion　 at/on　 ④The official (accompany) by many experts is inspecting the firm now. ⑤孩子上网时，你最好陪伴着。 You’d better ⁠ when they are surfing the Internet. accompanied　 keep your children company　 (1)in company with 与……一起；与……同时 keep sb.company陪伴某人 enjoy one’s company享受某人的陪伴 (2)companion n.同伴，伙伴 (3)accompany vt.陪同；陪伴 accompany sb.to sp.陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb.at/on sth.(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏 be accompanied by由……陪同 20. [教材原句]　I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day...我非常生气，以至于在学校的时候我都躲着她…… ①Actually，there are ⁠ many selfless people like Jimmy around us that they well deserve our respect. ②As can be seen from the picture，a boy is burdened with ⁠ heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more. so　 such　 ③The volleyball match is so significant that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule. → ⁠ everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(倒装) So significant is the volleyball match that　 (1)so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that... so＋many/few/much/little (少)＋n.(可数名词复数/不可数名词)＋ that... (2)such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(可数名词复数/不可数名词)＋that... (3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·北京卷) For example，stress could serve as a cue that one respond by eating，which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. 2. (人教B6U4)Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make ⁠ in our small boats. to　 it　 3. (2022·全国甲卷)The realization that this is a precious land，to ⁠ (respect) by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 4. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients ⁠ (suffer) dementia，a serious illness of the mind. 5. (2022·浙江卷)New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office (seek) help. 6. (外研B3U6)Yes，each summer in London (definite) seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit scared. be respected　 suffering　 seeking　 definitely　 7. (外研B2U6)In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across ⁠ awful sight. 8. (北师B1U3)Throughout history，some of the (origin)customs have changed，but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. 9. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children (learn) to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 10. (2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful ⁠ the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies， which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. an　 original　 learning　 that　 维度2　熟词生义 A. n.诀窍　B. n.把戏，花招　C. vt.欺骗；哄骗 1. trick (1)The naughty boy played tricks on the shy girl，making her cheeks flame with anger. ⁠ (2)Tricked into giving up a large quantity of money，he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. ⁠ B　 C　 (3)As an exchange student from America，I like eating dumplings.Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings？ ⁠ A. n.诀窍　B. n.把戏，花招　C. vt.欺骗；哄骗 A　 2. 写出下列句中crowd的含义 (1)It was extremely cold outside.We all crowded around the stove to keep warm. ⁠ (2)When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship，he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him. ⁠ (3)It was two weeks before the Spring Festival and the mall was crowded with shoppers. ⁠ 3. Bob looked back，only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. ⁠ 4. It’s reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine failure. ⁠ vi.聚集　 n.人群　 vt.挤满　 vt.被遗忘　 n.故障，失灵　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 目击者说，在八点的时候，他看到一个小男孩在独自过马路。 (动作描写) The witness said he ⁠ the road alone at eight o’clock. saw a little boy crossing　 2. 那间五米宽的房间住起来很舒服。 ①The room ⁠ is comfortable to live in.(定语从句) ②The room ⁠ is comfortable to live in.(分词形式作后置定语) which/that measures five meters across　 measuring five meters across　 3. 他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写 之紧张心理描写) ①He was ⁠ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ② ⁠ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(倒装句) so nervous that　 So nervous was he that　 4. Environmental pollution is recognised to be one of the most serious problems that people face. → ⁠ environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people face.(it 作形式主语) 5. After they had suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake，they got help from all over the world. → ，they got help from all over the world.(现在分词短语作状语) It is recognised that　 Having suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter， I’m sorry to hear that ① ⁠ (你发现很难适应在中国的学习和生活；it作形 式宾语).My suggestions are as follows. you find it hard to adjust to living and studying in China　 To begin with，take it easy.② ⁠ (这是你第一次到国外)，so it’s natural for you to find it hard to settle in.③ ⁠ ⁠ (我强烈建议你和你的同学 们多交流)，which will not only improve your spoken Chinese but also ④ (帮助你和他们相融合). This is the first time that you have been in a foreign country　 I strongly recommend you to communicate more with your classmates/that you (should) communicate more with your classmates　 help you fit in with them　 ⑤ ，studying in China can have your horizons broadened and ⑥ ⁠ (给你一个机会体验中国丰富的饮食文化). What’s more　 give you a chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture　 ⑦ ，keep it up，and it will never be out of the question for you to like living in China. Yours， Li Hua As far as I’m concerned　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感描写 awkward adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨 拙的 at a loss不知所措，困惑 frank adj.坦率的，直率的 joy n.高兴，愉快 failure n.失败；失败的人(或事) 动作描写 recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.寻回；重新获得；恢 复，重新控制 respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应 trick vt.欺骗，欺诈 suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 misunderstand vt.& vi.误解，误会 make it准时到达；获得成功 环境描写 sight n.视野；视力；看见 out of one’s sight脱离某人的视线 blog n.博客，网志 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 坦白地说，面对我的搭档，我感到局促不安甚至不知所 措。当我们见面讨论我们的课题时，我很少回应他，因为我担 心我会让事情变得更糟。所以我遭受了很多痛苦。我认为，我 就是个失败者。令我高兴的是，博客上的一篇文章让我意识 到，我可能误解了他和我自己。我变得自信起来，并告诉自己 “我能成功”。之后，我们就很享受同彼此讨论和分享意见。 最终，我们按时完成了我们的课题。 ，facing my teammate，I ⁠ .When we met to discuss our project，I rarely ⁠ for fear that I would make things worse.So I .In my opinion， . ⁠ ，an article in the blog made me realize I ⁠ ⁠.I became confident and told myself “ ”.Then we enjoyed discussing and sharing our opinions with each other.Finally ⁠. To be frank　 felt awkward and even at a loss　 responded to him　 suffered a lot　 I was a failure　 To my joy　 may have misunderstood him and myself　 I can make it　 we finished our project on time　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·江苏六校联考)Most people enjoy variety.We like to eat different foods from meal to meal.We wear different clothes.We like to try new activities and visit new places.We become bored when there is little variety.Nevertheless，there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety，and that’s in each other.We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits，or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this.When we are exposed to new and different things，our brain works a bit harder than usual.When we’re learning，our nerve cells require more resources，such as water， salt，and various other chemicals.This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant.And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure，like in the midst of the pandemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals，but it’s critical to the survival of any species.If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical，for example，and their environment changed in some significant，harmful ways，like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water，all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct.This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin，and it’s known as population thinking.Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection，but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary.Some are more suited than others for a given environment， making it easier for them to survive，grow，and reproduce.Variation is therefore a prerequisite ⁠ for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times，but it’s a good investment，sort of like exercise for your brain.When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you，treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem.Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced.Ultimately，this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations，and more adaptable to change. 体裁：议论文 　主题语境：人与社会——人际交往——和不同的 人相处 　　【语篇解读】　文章主要讨论了为什么我们应该和不同的人相 处并且给出了原因。 1. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable？ A. Having an adventure in the wild. B. Taking a trip to a foreign country. C. Sharing traveling experiences with others. D. Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，与来自不同文化背景的人 交往会让人感到不舒服。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does the second paragraph focus on？ A. People’s unwillingness to deal with new things. B. The significance of learning new things in our life. C. The biological explanations for people’s discomfort. D. The role of the nervous system in learning new things. 答案：C 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，第二段主要讲的是人们感到 不舒服的生物学解释。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. Requirement. B. Substitute. C. Motivation. D. Challenge. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第三段第五句讲的是有些物种比其他物种更适合 特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同。因此，变异是自然选择起 作用的先决条件。故可猜测画线单词prerequisite为“先决条件，前 提条件”的意思，结合选项requirement“必要条件”意思相近。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What does the writer mainly want to convey？ A. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B. How we can benefit from seeking variation. C. How we should treat the differences we find in others. D. Why we should get along with people different from us. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及根据第二段的内容可推知，作者主 要想表达的是为什么我们应该和不同的人相处。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2023·浙江宁波联考)When I was in college，an acquaintance who had graduated a few years ago came back to visit for the weekend.As we walked around campus on Saturday night，he flung his hands into the cold air and exclaimed，“You guys are so lucky； you live a minute away from all your friends.You’ll never have this again.” At that time，I thought it was kind of sad—a grown man longing for my life of university housing and late library nights.But his words have stuck with me in the years since.“In adulthood，as people grow up and go away，friendships are the relationships most likely to suffer，” my colleague Julie Beck wrote in 2015.Therefore，the older you get，the more effort it takes to maintain connections，because you don’t have as many built-in opportunities to see your friends every day. The writer Jennifer Senior noted last year that the fact of our choosing friendships makes them both fragile and special.“You have to continually involve.That you choose it is what gives it its value，” she wrote.But that’s also what makes friendships harder to hold on to as our lives evolve. It’s hard but not impossible.Senior notes that when it comes to friendship，“we are ritual-deficient.So we have to create them： weekly phone calls，friendship anniversaries，road trips，and so on.” “Friendship is the rare kind of relationship that remains forever available to us as we age，” Senior writes.“It’s a defender against stasis (停滞期)，a potential source of creativity and revival in lives that otherwise narrow with time.” It’s something worth choosing，over and over again. 体裁：夹叙夹议文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——友谊 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从自身经历谈论 了友谊，成年后由于距离原因友谊很难维持，但这也并非不可能， 我们可以通过每周电话，友谊纪念日，公路旅行来维持它，友谊是 一件值得反复选择的事情。 5. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the writer’s friend probably felt  　　　　. A. envious　　B. irritated　　C.sympathetic　　D. uneasy 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段作者朋友说的话可知，作者的朋友认为作 者很幸运，故他应是感觉羡慕。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Julie Beck might agree that  　　　　. A. it’s ridiculous for adults to long for campus life B. distance brings challenge to keeping friendships C. people do not create enough chances to meet with friends D. when friends are apart，their friendships surely weaken as well 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，Julie Beck认为友谊最容易 受到距离的影响，即距离给维持友谊带来挑战。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. The following ways can help people hold on to friendships except  　　　　. A. celebrating important days B. going on journeys together C. enlarging circles of friends D. keeping in touch with friends 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，庆祝重要节日、一起旅行 和保持联系都是有助于维持友谊的方法，C项“扩大朋友圈”文章 未提及。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？ A. The future of friendship. B. The origin of friendship. C. The nature of friendship. D. The definition of friendship. 答案：C 段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，主要谈论了友谊的本质。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——针对如何应对这种感觉(不 想融入人群中)给出了几条建议 　　【语篇解读】　有些人总想自己是个局外人，不能融入其中。 文章对如何应对这种感觉给出了几条建议。 (2024·湖南张家界统考)Do you feel like an outsider，like you don’t belong anywhere or that you just don’t fit in？ Here are some tips for you to deal with these feelings.  　1　 Often it’s really only your own mind and emotions that tell you that you don’t fit in.Actually，you may fit in fine.Feeling like you don’t belong isn’t always a bad thing either.Remember，it’s the people that are unique in this world that make the biggest impact.You don’t want to change yourself just to fit in with a certain group of people. 　2　 They end up wanting to gain approval from others and end up losing themselves in the process. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Don’t be so hard on yourself. B. Appreciate what makes you so unique. C. That’s where a number of people go wrong. D. Ask yourself these questions and then go and do it. E. I found it was easier to get along with other people. F. You have so much more to offer by being true to yourself. G. You can beat yourself up over it or you can become stronger for it. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文的内容可知，本段讲述的是经常是你自己的心智和情感认 为自己不合群，实际上你融入得很好。你不用总想着改变自己去融 入一组人群中，不能融入其中未必是件坏事，所以你没必要对自己 太苛刻。 1 2 3 4 5 　1　 Often it’s really only your own mind and emotions that tell you that you don’t fit in.Actually，you may fit in fine.Feeling like you don’t belong isn’t always a bad thing either.Remember，it’s the people that are unique in this world that make the biggest impact.You don’t want to change yourself just to fit in with a certain group of people. 　2　 They end up wanting to gain approval from others and end up losing themselves in the process. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Don’t be so hard on yourself. B. Appreciate what makes you so unique. C. That’s where a number of people go wrong. D. Ask yourself these questions and then go and do it. E. I found it was easier to get along with other people. F. You have so much more to offer by being true to yourself. G. You can beat yourself up over it or you can become stronger for it. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据上下文的内容可知，本句是在否定上文改变自己去融入人群的 做法。 1 2 3 4 5 Let go of past anger.We’re so angry at people that we can’t relate to anyone or only expect the worst from others.Once I figured out how to let go of my past，I became much more comfortable being me. 　3　 Maybe because I didn’t care as much what they thought of me but more likely just because I think people are more affected by the “aura” you give off. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Don’t be so hard on yourself. B. Appreciate what makes you so unique. C. That’s where a number of people go wrong. D. Ask yourself these questions and then go and do it. E. I found it was easier to get along with other people. F. You have so much more to offer by being true to yourself. G. You can beat yourself up over it or you can become stronger for it. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文的内容可知，本段内容讲的是放手过去的愤怒。空前说一 旦“我”弄清楚了怎样释放过去，“我”对自己就感觉更舒服一 些，可知，本句为过渡句，指出上文放开过去对作者的影响。 1 2 3 4 5 Focus on your wants and desires.Instead of focusing on the problem that you don’t feel like you fit in，try turning it around.What do you want to explore，what goals do you have，or what do you want to learn？  　4　 There are so many incredible and inspiring things in this world to explore.Focus on the positive and the beauty of the world rather than getting caught up in a negative situation. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Don’t be so hard on yourself. B. Appreciate what makes you so unique. C. That’s where a number of people go wrong. D. Ask yourself these questions and then go and do it. E. I found it was easier to get along with other people. F. You have so much more to offer by being true to yourself. G. You can beat yourself up over it or you can become stronger for it. 答案：D 根据上文的内容可知，本句承接上文说明这些问题的作用和做法。 1 2 3 4 5 The key to handling the situation of “I feel like an outsider” is really all in how you react to that feeling. 　5　 As those who have gone through the same feelings show，there can definitely be an advantage to being unique.You truly are special and there is no one else quite like you.You just need to be willing to share the real you with the world. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Don’t be so hard on yourself. B. Appreciate what makes you so unique. C. That’s where a number of people go wrong. D. Ask yourself these questions and then go and do it. E. I found it was easier to get along with other people. F. You have so much more to offer by being true to yourself. G. You can beat yourself up over it or you can become stronger for it. 答案：G 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文的内容可知，本句具体说明“我觉得自己像个局外人”的 感觉。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024·一月九省联考)I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was  　1　，too.I managed to get to a gas station，but it was Sunday in the early fall，and there was no  　2　 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money for  　3　 the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 　4　 the heat when an older gentleman  　5　 to fuel his car.He asked about my car， and I  　6　 my predicament (困境).To my  　7　，the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age，and then he opened his trunk and  　8　 a tool set. Right then and there，this total  　9　 examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were  　10　 to function.After about an hour，he  　11　 that my car was safe to finish the trip.  　12　 came at the hands of a stranger. 　13　 his clothes， working on a hot September afternoon，this man  　14　 a college student from disaster，just because she could have been his  　15　 . 　　【语篇解读】　本文讲述了一位大学生在旅途中车辆抛锚，幸 运的是，一位陌生的绅士主动提供帮助，修理了她的车并确保她能 继续安全行驶的故事。 1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure 答案：C busy忙碌的；loud大声的；dead没电的；secure安全的。由上文 “my car broke down”及空格后的“too”可知，作者的车抛锚了。 紧接着提到手机，结合常识可知，当车抛锚在路上时，手机“没电 (dead)”会增加困境，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide 答案：A mechanic机修工；policeman警察；manager经理；guide导游。由上 文的“a gas station”及空后的“on duty”可知，作者希望找到能修 车的人，而通常在加油站负责维修的是“机修工(mechanic)”，故 选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining 答案：D wash清洗；park停车；purchase购买；maintain维修。由上文的 “my car broke down”和空格所在句中“had little money for  　3　  the car”可知，作者当时在上大学，经济拮据，无法负担汽车的 “维修(maintaining)”费用，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce 答案：B feel感觉；beat击败；absorb吸收；produce生产。由空后的“the heat”可推知，作者试图在炎热的天气中“击败(beat)”高温，即找 办法减轻炎热的影响，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered 答案：C promise承诺；refuse拒绝；stop停下；volunteer自愿做。由“an older gentleman  　5　 to fuel his car”可知，这位绅士是在加油站 “停下(stopped)”加油时注意到了作者，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained 答案：D solve解决；notice注意到；escape逃脱；explain解释。由上文的 “He asked about my car”及空后的“my predicament”可知，这位 绅士询问作者的情况，作者随后“解释(explained)”了自己的困 境，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment 答案：A surprise惊讶；regret后悔；amusement娱乐；disappointment失望。 由下文内容可知，这位绅士表示愿意帮助作者，这让作者感到“惊 讶(surprise)”，因为通常不会期待一个陌生人会如此乐于助人，故 选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away 答案：B call up打电话；pull out拿出；put down放下；throw away扔掉。由 下文的“examined my engine”可知，这位绅士从自己的汽车后备 厢中“拿出(pulled out)”工具箱来检查作者的车，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser 答案：C liar骗子；beginner新手；stranger陌生人；loser失败者。结合上文语 境和描述可知，这位绅士是一位“陌生人(stranger)”，作者之前并 不认识他，文章最后一段首句也有提示，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable 答案：D free自由的；ready准备好的；uncertain不确定的；unable无法。由 上文“my spark plugs hadn’t been changed for so long”可知，因为 火花塞长时间没有更换，已“无法(unable)”正常工作，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted 答案：A pronounce宣称；agree同意；discover发现；doubt怀疑。由下文的 “my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，这位绅士在修理后“宣称 (pronounced)”作者的车可以安全地继续行驶，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness 答案：B tiredness疲劳；kindness善良；loneliness孤独；carefulness谨慎。由 “the hands of a stranger”可知，作者想要表达的是她在困境中接收 到了一位陌生人的“善意(Kindness)”，这与整体故事情节相符， 故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending 答案：C fold折叠；dry弄干；soil弄脏；mend修补。由下文的“working on a hot September afternoon”可推知，这位绅士在炎热的下午工作，弄 脏了自己的衣服，“Soiling”在此处最符合语境，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned 答案：A save救助；call呼叫；judge评判；ban禁止。由下文的“from disaster”可知，这位绅士“救助(saved)”了作者，使作者免于遭受 灾难，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. friend B. daughter C. coworker D. customer 答案：B friend朋友；daughter女儿；coworker同事；customer顾客。由上文 的“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，这 位绅士之所以帮助作者，是因为作者可能和他的“女儿(daughter)”年龄相仿，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 体裁：说明文 　主题语境：人与社会——体育比赛——成都大 运会 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了成都大运会的 情况。 (2023·广东东莞六校联考)The Chengdu World University Games concluded on August 8 as the curtain 1. 　　　　 (raise) for the 15th National Fitness Day.This handover highlights the importance of both 2. 　　　　 (compete) sports and the general public’s 3. 　　　　   (pursue) of healthy lifestyles. 1. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语“on August 8” 可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，且主语curtain和动词raise之间 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be 动词用was，故填was raised。 答案：was raised 2. 考查词性转换。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词sports， competitive竞争的，形容词，故填competitive。 答案：competitive 3. 考查词性转换。结合空前的名词所有格“public’s”可知，空处 应填名词形式，和名词sports并列作介词of的宾语，pursuit追求，抽 象名词不可数，故填pursuit。 答案：pursuit 4.  　　　　 its focus on benefiting the public and sharing the competition，the Chengdu Universiade not just made dreams come true for athletes 5. 　　　　 inspired enthusiasm for wellness and sports.The sports spirit left behind by the event is sure to continue benefiting the public for years 6. 　　　　 (come). 4. 考查介词。结合句意可知，此处用介词with“由于”，表示原 因，介词短语作状语，首字母应大写，故填With。 答案：With 5. 考查连词。结合句意可知，此处指“成都大运会不仅让运动员们 实现了梦想，也激发了人们对健康和体育的热情”，用固定短语 not just...but...“不但……而且……”，故填but。 答案：but 6. 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作定语，修饰名词years， 表示将来，故填to come。 答案：to come In recent decades，people across China 7. 　　　　 (participate) in a wide range of mass fitness activities to celebrate National Fitness Day.The data revealing more than 24，000 national fitness events were carried out across the country，with 8. 　　　　 number of participants estimated to exceed 6.5 million. 8. 考查冠词。the number of...“……的数量”，固定短语，故填the。 答案：the 7. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In recent decades”可 知，句子用现在完成时，主语people表示复数意义，助动词用have，故填have participated。 答案：have participated According to the National Fitness Program，the general public will enjoy more convenient physical fitness services by 2025，with full coverage of fitness 9. 　　　　 (facility) in counties，towns，and villages within a 15-minute walk.The program is also to offer people professional advice and a science-based policy，10. 　　　　 (perfect) athletic performance with a universal standard. 10. 考查非谓语动词。动词perfect和逻辑主语program之间是主动关 系，应用现在分词作状语，故填perfecting。 答案：perfecting 9. 考查名词复数。facility设施，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示 泛指，故填facilities。 答案：facilities 阅读语篇专练提升 30分钟 (2023·广东东莞六校联考) A Here are a few impressive balloon displays. Bristol International Balloon Fiesta Starting in 1979， the Bristol International Balloon Fiesta in the UK is an annual balloon festival kicking off at the start of August for four days.Stealing a little bit of the attention， the RAF’s Red Arrows also squeeze in a sky performance just to keep things interesting. Albuquerque Balloon Festival Starting off with just 13 balloons in 1972， this 9 day-long October event now pulls in 550 balloons.That makes Albuquerque， New Mexico， home to the biggest hot air balloon festival in the world. While you can jump in a basket any day of the week， take part in the photo contest or listen to live music. Mass Ascension days are the best ones to drop by. Saga International Balloon Fiesta In early November， by the Kase River in Japan， over a million people and 100 balloons touch down for the Saga International Balloon Fiesta.Going strong for over 40 years， it’s an annual showcase of the best balloon creations. The event is entirely free and includes access to the Hot Air Balloon School where you can learn what it takes to run a balloon. QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning Further north at the Solberg Airport in Readington， New Jersey， you’ll find the QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning.Over the last weekend in July， it runs a schedule of live music and special shape gatherings.But not just about the balloon， this festival helps you blow off your own steam with sessions of stretch classes and a 5-kilometre run alongside the balloons too. 　　【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了四个精彩的气球节，包括节日 的时间、地点以及活动项目等。 1. What is special about Albuquerque Balloon Festival？ A. It’s free of charge. B. It’s the largest globally. C. It’s the oldest. D. It lasts the longest. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据Albuquerque Balloon Festival部分中的“That makes Albuquerque， New Mexico， home to the biggest hot air balloon festival in the world.”可知答案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. Which festival can you attend in Asia？ A. Albuquerque Balloon Festival. B. Bristol International Balloon Fiesta. C. Saga International Balloon Fiesta. D. QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据Saga International Balloon Fiesta部分中的第一 句可知，Saga International Balloon Fiesta在亚洲举办。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. What can visitors do at the QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning？ A. Enjoy live music. B. Run a balloon. C. Blow up balloons. D. Take part in a contest. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning部 分中的“it runs a schedule of live music”可知答案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B Mia， 12， is now on a year-long trip with her parents and three younger brothers. Far from their home in Quebec， Canada， the family rode horses in Mongolia， kayaked in Cambodia， camped in Namibia and flew in a hot air balloon in Turkey， looking to collect as many once-in-a-lifetime memories as they could. The memories really matter because unless science makes a breakthrough soon， three of the children will become blind， likely in adulthood. They have been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment and no specific timeline as it gradually robs them of their sight. The diagnoses came in 2015. Despite the grief， the parents were surprised to find Mia， then 7， was calm about it. She announced that she would need to start keeping her bedroom especially neat， with everything in its place. “In the future， I’ll need to know where things are，” Mia said. “She’s finding solutions on her own，” the parents told each other. “We need to follow her lead.” And so the idea of a year-long trip was born， one that would show the kids the world， in person and at close range—while the kids could still see it. For the next two years， the parents saved money and researched places to visit. “How we adults see the world and how kids see the world are so different.” says the mother， Edith. “It would have to be less about temples and museums and more about whatever caught their eye.” By the time the trip began to wind down in early 2023， the family had traveled 52，000 miles and visited 18 countries. Mia grew taller and when entering adolescence， needed more independence. Her brothers became more confident and outgoing. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lot. “There’s a lot of suffering， a lot of poverty， but lots of good and interesting things too. We should be positive.” said Mia. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Mia一家为了 制造回忆，在孩子们失明前进行为期一年的旅行的故事。 4. What’s the probable function of the first paragraph？ A. To lead in the story behind. B. To arouse the readers’ interest. C. To provide background information. D. To inform readers of a wonderful trip. 答案：A 推理判断题。第一段主要是要引出他们旅行的背后的故事，故 选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What can be inferred about the parents from paragraphs 3 and 4？ A. They are optimistic about the children’s disease. B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas. C. They are proud of their daughter’s courage to face difficulties. D. They are open-minded enough to respect their children’s decision. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第四段“She’s finding solutions...follow her lead.”可知，这对父母很开明，尊重孩子的决定，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ A. The details about the year-long journey. B. The keen anticipation of Mia about the future. C. The changes of the kids physically and mentally. D. The impression Mia had of what she had experienced. 答案：C 段落大意题。最后一段主要讲的是孩子们身心的变化。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. Which is the best title of the text？ A. Seeing Is Believing B. Making the Most of the Vision C. Man Who Travels Far Knows More D. The Eyes Are the Window to the Soul 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是Mia一家为了制造 回忆，在孩子们失明前进行为期一年的旅行的故事，因此最好 的题目是B选项“Making the Most of the Vision(充分利用视 力)”。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C In our human-centric view， the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd， but you know what’s really odd？ Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only Oracs (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new， landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list. The discovery comes as the result of 21 years’ worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park， Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females， aged 14 to 67， showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50， confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly， 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It’s really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place，” says Catherine Hobaiter， a primatologist who was not part of the new study. But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise： the resource-rich， well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards， their main predator. And because the Noggo community is found in the heart of the park， its only neighbors are other chimps—not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier (局外人) when it comes to the rest of the species，” she cautions. And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”， according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity， which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after the menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done.” said Catherine. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，乌干 达基巴莱国家公园的Ngogo黑猩猩群体中的一些雌性在经历更年期 后仍然活着，这进一步证明了人类不是唯一经历更年期的物种。 8. What can be learned about menopause？ A. It is rare among animals. B. It is unique to human beings. C. It just occurs at the age of 50. D. It is experienced only by females. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“You can count species...on one hand.” 可知，更年期在动物是很少见的。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A. Scientist have found the solution to menopause. B. What happens to the 66 Ngogo females remains a puzzle. C. There is a puzzle whether chimpanzee females experience menopause. D. The latest discovery casts new light on the puzzle of animal menopause. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意理解题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知，经过了多年的研究， 如今已经证实的是乌干达的Ngogo野生黑猩猩也经历着更年期即确 定了该研究的发现结果。由此可知，画线部分与D选项意思相近， 符合题意。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community？ A. To stress the importance of protecting chimpanzees from viruses. B. To remind researchers of the potential limitation of the new study. C. To prove that Ngogo chimpanzees are perfect subjects of the study. D. To argue that the discovery of the new study is completely groundless. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Catherine指出Ngogo社区生活在黑猩 猩的天堂：资源丰富、保护良好的基巴莱国家公园，那里也没有豹 子，豹子是它们的主要捕食者。“与其他物种相比，Ngogo种群可 能是一个例外。”由此可推知，Catherine提及了黑猩猩们的生活环 境说明了它们与其他动物的不同，是为了提醒研究人员这项新研究 的潜在局限性。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. How is the last paragraph developed？ A. By offering a definition. B. By drawing a conclusion. C. By presenting relevant facts. D. By giving examples and opinions. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。最后一段通过提到相关的事实即黑猩猩与人类在“祖 母效应”问题上的不同，阐述了对当前研究结论的质疑。由此推 知，最后一段是通过提出相关事实来开展的。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D I spoke to my parents last night and for a moment I forgot I wasn’t really speaking to them， but to their digital replicas (复制品). They live inside an app as voice assistants constructed by the company HereAfter AI. In fact， my parents are still alive and well； their virtual versions were made to help me understand the technology. Grief tech， which lets you “talk” with the people you’ve loved and lost， has been appearing in science fiction. But now it’s becoming a reality. Although the thought of it makes some frightened， it’s not hard to see the appeal that people might turn to digital replicas for comfort. However， there is one major limitation. These replicas may sound like someone you love， but they know nothing about you. Anyone can talk to them， and get the same reply in the same tone. “The biggest issue with the technology is the idea that you can generate a single universal person，” says Justin Harrison， founder of a technological service. Creating a virtual avatar you can have more conversation with contributes to your feeling connected to someone you loved and lost， says Erin Thompson， a clinical psychologist. But a grieving person needs to know that these bots can only capture a small part of someone rather than replace healthy， functional human relationships. And there are other risks. Any service that allows you to create a digital replica of someone without that person’s participation raises complex moral issues. While some might argue that permission is less important with someone who is dead， can’t you also argue that the person who generated the other side of the conversation should have a say too？ And what if that person is not， in fact， dead？ If digital replicas become mainstream， there will inevitably need to be new regulations around what we leave behind online. And we’ll be better off if we cope with the possibility of these replicas’ misuse before， not after， they reach mass adoption. Anyway， I feel lucky to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with my parents， face to face， no technology involved. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“悼念科 技”(grief tech)这一新兴技术，可以让人与死去的亲人进行对话。 虽然这种技术可以在某种程度上带来安慰和联系感，但是也存在很 多限制和风险。 12. Which of the following is not a drawback of digital replicas？ A. They can’t vary their response accordingly. B. They can’t mirror every aspect of a person. C. They may pose threat to the interests of people alive. D. It’s hard to gain permission from someone who is not alive. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第三段中“These replicas may...a technological service.”可知，这些数字复制品听起来像你爱的人，但是对你却一 无所知，即它们不能反映一个人的方方面面，该信息与B选项相 符；同时任何人都可以和他们交谈，并以同样的语气得到同样的答 复，即他们不能相应地改变自己的回应，该信息与A选项是一致 的；同时根据第五段“While some might argue...in fact， dead？” 可知，复制一个已经死了的人，并且得到这个人的允许去复制它这 是很难的，该信息与D选项相符。C项文中并未提及。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. What’s the author’s attitude towards grief tech？ A. Favorable. B. Reasonable. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 观点态度题。根据第四段中“Creating a virtual...， a clinical psychologist.”以及第三段中“However， there is one major limitation.”可知，作者并没有对悼念科技本身提出批判或者赞同的 态度，而是从不同的角度来讨论了该技术的优缺点和可能存在的问 题。因此，作者对悼念科技的态度是合理的，reasonable“合理 的”与其相符。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. According to the last two paragraphs， what inspiration did the author draw from his experience？ A. Technology is advancing faster than imagined. B. Safety risks can be surely avoided by regulations. C. Replicas will not be misused before widely adopted. D. Cherish the beloved ones when they are still around. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If digital replicas become...leave behind online.”以及最后一段的内容可知，如果数字复制品成为主 流，则需要制定和出台大量的新规，因此从作者的角度看，作者是 很幸运的，因为有很多的宝贵机会和父母面对面的交流，因此面对 数字复制品，作者建议当所爱的人还在身边的时候，珍惜他们，把 握当下的点点滴滴。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. What’s the main idea of the text？ A. Reflections on grief tech. B. Ways to overcome our grief. C. Technology to change our life. D. Controversy over digital replicas. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 主旨大意题。文章讨论了“悼念科技”(grief tech)这一新兴技术， 可以让人与死去的亲人进行对话。虽然这种技术可以在某种程度上 带来安慰和联系感，但是也存在很多限制和风险。如果数字复制品 得到大规模的应用，我们需要制定相关规定和管理措施。作者感到 庆幸的是，她还有机会和父母面对面地交流，不需要依赖科技。A 项概括文章主题，符合主旨。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$