必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES 必修第三册 (主题语境：人与社会——文化的多样性) 【话题词汇】 【话题佳句】 1．Each country has its own unique culture，often represented by symbols，such as foods，sports，music，and clothes，which tell us something about it. 每个国家都有自己独特的文化，通常体现在例如食物、运动、音乐和服装等标志上，它们能让我们对其文化有一些了解。 2．With the world getting smaller，multiculturalism is everywhere and has a great effect on our life. 随着世界变得越来越小，多元文化主义无处不在，并且对我们的生活有很大的影响。 3．Learning about cultural differences is a good way to understand more about each other. 了解文化差异是一个更多地了解彼此的好方法。 4．In a multicultural society，we can enjoy a variety of unique traditions and customs，which brings about great pleasure in our lives. 在一个多元文化的社会中，我们可以享有多种多样独特的传统和习俗，这给我们的生活带来了极大的乐趣。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 五级词汇 earn vt. & vi.挣得，赚得；赢得，博得 　earn a/one's living谋生 material n．[C]&[U][常用复数]材料；布料；[U]素材adj.[只用于名词前]物质的，实际的 四级词汇 admit vi. & vt.承认vt.[正式用语]准许进入(或加入) 　admit (to) (doing) sth.承认/供认(做了)某事 　be admitted to/into容许进入…… bar n．[C]酒吧，小馆子，小吃店；条，杆，棒，块 climate n．[C]&[U]气候；[C][常用单数]风气，环境气氛 clothing n．[U][总称]衣服，服装 collection n．[C]作品集；收集物；收藏品；[U]收集，采集(v. collect) construction n．[U]建造，建筑；[C][正式用语]建造物；[C](句子、短语等的)结构(v. construct) contain vt.包含，容纳；含有；抑制，控制；防止……蔓延(或恶化) escape vi. & vt.避开；逃走，逃脱n.[C]&[U]逃跑，逃脱；解脱 　escape doing sth.逃脱做某事；避开做某事 financial adj.财政的，财务的，金融的(n. finance) fortune n．[U]机会，运气；[C]财富，大笔钱 historical adj.(有关)历史的(n. history) 　historical attractions历史名胜 item n．[C]项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻) occur vi.[正式用语]发生；出现 　occur to sb.浮现于某人脑海中；被某人想起 seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi.[正式用语]寻找，寻求；征求，争取，(向某人)请求 　seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 select vt.(经过认真思考而)挑选，选择；选拔 　select sb. to do sth.选某人做某事 series n．[C][单复数同形]连续，接连，一系列 　series of一系列或一连串(事件) settle vt. & vi.定居；和解；坐下；结束(争论)；解决(分歧、纠纷)(settler，settlement)vt.确定；安排好 suit vt.满足……需要；相配；合身；(服装、颜色等)适合；对(某人)方便n.[C]西服，套装 　suit...to使……适合 　suit sb.'s taste合某人的胃口；符合某人的品位 三级词汇 afterward(s) adv.以后，后来 claim vt.[尤用于新闻报道]夺取(生命)；声称，宣称；(根据权利)要求，索要；断言n.[C]宣称，断言；要求，索赔 definitely adv.肯定，确实(adj. definite) district n．[C]地区，区域 downtown n．[U]商业区，市中心adj.[只用于名词前]商业区的，市区的adv.在市中心，往市中心 fold vt. & vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平vt.包，裹；折叠 journal n．[C]日志，日记；报纸；刊物 　travel journal旅行日志 poetry n．[U]诗集，诗歌，诗作(poem，poet) poison n．[C]&[U]毒素，毒物，毒药vt.毒死，毒害 poisonous adj.有毒的，有害的；恶毒的；引起中毒的；分泌毒素的 二级词汇 diverse adj.不同的，多种多样的(n. diversity) 　diverse culture多元文化，多样的文化 mild adj.(天气)温暖的，暖和的；轻微的，不严重的(slight)；温和的，和善的 mission n．[C]传教(区)；重要任务，使命 neat adj.整齐的，整洁的；极好的(adv. neatly) percentage n．[C]&[U]百分率，百分比 souvenir n．[C]纪念物，纪念品 super adv.特别，格外adj.顶好的，超级的 一级词汇 china n．[U]瓷，瓷器 comic n．[C]连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员adj.滑稽的；喜剧的；使人发笑的 diagram n．[C]简图，图解，图表，示意图 immigrant n．[C](外来)移民；外侨 minority n．[C]少数民族；少数派，少数人(反majority) 　ethnic minority/group少数民族 mushroom n．[C]蘑菇；蕈vi.快速生长，迅速发展 spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 accessory n．[C][常用复数]配饰；附件，配件 tai chi n．[U]太极拳 ◆短语 apart/aside from除了……外(还)，此外 bring about导致，引起 to name but a few仅举几例 (at) first hand第一手得来的；亲自 head to(朝……)前进，(向……)去 turn into成为，变成 participate in参加 carry sth. in one's heart/head/mind将某事装在心里/脑海中 check out(因某人或某物有趣或吸引人而)查看；观察；看一看 be supposed to do sth.应该/须做某事 a tourist draw旅游景点 cultural tradition文化传统 herbal medicine中草药 a traditional dish传统菜肴 必背句式 Not only...but also...不仅……而且……(倒装句) It is confirmed that...经证实…… It is likely that...很可能…… I have to admit that...我不得不承认…… 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．be ____________ on your side毫不含糊地站在你这一边 2．a hotel in the heart of ___________ 一家在市中心的旅馆 3．space ___________ 太空任务 4．have no ___________ on the land无权索要那块土地 5．from the flow ___________ 从流程图中 definitely downtown mission claim diagram 6．academic ___________ 学术期刊 7．make an attempt to ___________企图逃跑 8．___________ crisis 财政危机 9．_______ the paper in half/in two把纸对折起来 10．a _______ meal 一顿美餐 11．________ change 气候变化 journal escape financial fold super climate 12．________ an argument解决争论 13．the ___________ industry 建筑业 14．building ___________ 建筑材料 15．the most valuable ______ on show 展览会上最贵重的展品 16．be unable to _________ the excitement无法抑制内心的激动 17．_______ handwriting 工整的笔迹 settle construction materials item contain neat Ⅱ.变形词汇 1．___________ adj.不同的；多种多样的→ ___________ n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 2．_________ n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→ ________ adj.幸运的→_______________adv.幸运地 3．_______ vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳 vt.准许进入(或加入)→ ___________ n．承认；入场费；准许进入 diverse diversity fortune fortunate fortunately admit admission 4．___________ n．金融；财经→ ___________ adj.财政的；金融的；财务的 5．_________ n．毒药；毒物；毒素 vt.毒害；毒死→ ___________ adj.有毒的；引起中毒的；分泌毒素的 6．_________ n．收藏品；珍藏；收集物；作品集→ ___________ vt.收集 7．____ adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的；和善的→_______ adv.轻微地；温和地 finance financial poison poisonous collection collect mild mildly 8. _______ vt.& vi.安家；定居；解决(纠纷)；结束(争论)→_______ n．移民；殖民者→ ______________ n．定居；解决 9．____________ vt.建设；修建→____________ n．建造；建造物；建筑；(句子、短语等的)结构 10．_______ vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装→_________ adj.合适的 settle settler settlement construct construction suit suitable Ⅲ.拓展词汇 1．“-ous”为后缀的形容词一览 ①humorous幽默的 ②dangerous 危险的 ③mountainous 多山的 ④continuous 连续的 ⑤poisonous 有毒的 ⑥generous 慷慨的 ⑦famous 著名的 ⑧adventurous冒险的 2．聚焦“允许”与“禁止” ①permit v．& n．允许；许可证 ②permission n．允许；许可 ③allow vt.允许 ④forbid vt.禁止 ⑤ban vt.& n．禁止；禁令 ⑥prohibit vt.禁止 ⑦admit vt.允许 ⑧admission n．允许加入 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．It suddenly ______________ him that...他突然想到…… 2． _________ the distant campground 向遥远的露营地出发 3． ______________ in the city在城市寻找发财的机会 4． ______________ through writing通过写作来谋生 5． ______________ questions一系列的问题 occurs to head to seek one's fortune earn a living a series of 6． __________ anything else别的不说 7． __________ economic recovery 带来经济复苏 8． ______________ 仅举几例 9． ______________ 第一手；亲自 apart from bring about to name but a few (at) first hand Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．And ______________—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(感叹句) 这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 what a city 2． _____________________________________________ then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导主语从句) 早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。 What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants 3．There are so many beautiful old buildings—____________________ ________，offering great views of the city，the ocean，and the Golden Gate Bridge.(独立主格结构) 这里有众多美丽的古建筑——许多坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。 many sitting on top of big hills 4．No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in _________________________California.(what引导宾语从句) 没有人确切地知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。 5．_________________________ everyone's taste, ______________ _____________all over China.(there be句型；with复合结构) 这里有来自中国各地的传统菜肴，这些中国菜适合每个人的口味。 what we now know as There is Chinese food to suit with traditional dishes from 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. _____________ (fortunate), there is no magic list I can offer. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)We______________ (journal)live in a new age of storytelling，with many new multimedia tools. Unfortunately journalists 3．Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college ______________ (admit) and practical life skills. 4．Professors are not trained nurses，__________ (finance) aid experts or your best friends. 5．The following ________ (item) are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms：electric blankets，hair dryers，personal computers，radios，televisions and DVD players. admissions financial items Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．The training schedule，______________________________ (除了常规训练以外)，includes joining in a variety of activities，such as participating in some national competitions. 2．Li Hua was born and brought up in a small mountainous village，where ________________________________________ (人们主要以农业为生). apart from regular training people mainly earned a living by farming 3．It was not long before they left their village to try their luck and ____________________ (闯世界). 4．The students _________________________________ (提出了一系列的问题)at the class meeting. 5．Some of our classmates are coming：Mary，Tom and George， ______________________ (仅举几例). seek their fortune put forward a series of questions to name but a few Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的运动员。 ___________________________ to see the famous athlete outside the airport. 2．10分钟后，我们到了一个叫松林村的地方。(what) Ten minutes later，we arrived at _____________________________． There are many fans waiting what was called Songlin Village 3．很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。(定语从句) Many young people，______________________________，headed for remote districts to chase their dreams. 4．你是我所知道的最出名的医生。 You are the most famous doctor ____________________． most of whom were well-educated that I've known about 核心考点 互动探究 1.fortune n．机会(chance，opportunity)；运气，命运(fate)；财富(a large amount of money) ①I like cats but ________________(fortunately) I'm allergic to them. ②My cousin was fortunate _________(find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university. ③I had the good fortune _____________(choose)for studying abroad. ④Determined never to come back before he could _______________ (赚大钱)，Mike left home without saying a word. unfortunately to find to be chosen make a big fortune (1)make a/one's fortune发财 try one's fortune碰运气 have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事 (2)fortunate (＝lucky) adj.幸运的；侥幸的 be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事 (3)fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地 2.admit vi.& vt.(admitted；admitted；admitting)承认vt.准许进入(或加入)；容许(allow sb.to do sth.)；容纳(contain，hold，seat) ①I must learn as much as I can to be admitted _________a good medical college，where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor. ②She apologized to me and admitted __________________(take) my umbrella by mistake. to/into taking/having taken ③现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我想邀请你加入。(邀请信) _________________________________________________________________________________________ The table tennis team of our school is admitting new members right now.I would like to invite you to join. admit doing/having done sth.承认做/做过某事 admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物是…… be admitted to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等) 3.occur vi.(occurred；occurred；occurring)发生，出现(happen, take place，exist，appear) ①(2023·浙江1月卷)Memories with the hummingbird occurred ___me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path. ②It occurred to me ____________(close) all the doors and windows of the hall. to to close ③此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，咀嚼食物时你需避免发出声音。(建议信) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Besides，it occurred to me that I should tell you that you need to avoid making noise while chewing food. sth.occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事 4.seek vt.& vi.(sought；sought；seeking)寻找，寻求(make a research for)；争取；(向人)请求 ①If you have any questions，you can seek help ____your teammates. ②Many people in their lifetime do not even seek _________(find)the answer to that question. from to find ③上周，一群国际学生参观了我们学校，以了解我们的饮茶文化。(叙事) _________________________________________________________________________________ ④事实是不久之后，安德森去偏远的山区寻求发展了。(读后续写之情况描写) ________________________________________________________________________________________ Last week，a group of international students visited our school to seek after our tea-drinking culture. The fact was that soon after, Anderson went to seek his fortune in remote mountainous areas. seek to do sth.试图做某事 seek (for/after) sth.寻找/追求/探索…… seek sb./sth.out挑选/找出某人/某物 seek help from...向……寻求帮助 seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界；碰运气 5.escape vi.& vt.逃走，逃脱(flee away)；避开；被忘掉，被忽视n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱 ①He escaped ____________(kill)in the explosion because he had not gone to work. ②To their relief，their students narrowly escaped ________the shaking building. being killed from ③最后，我们九死一生，幸运的是没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。(读后续写之劫后余生) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear. (1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事 escape from从……逃脱；逃避 (2)fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生 [实战贴士]　(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思，后面不用加away或off等。 (2)escape意为“被……遗忘；没有被……注意到”时，用sth.escape sb.结构表示。 6.settle vt.& vi.定居，安家(make a place your permanent home)；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷) ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle_____ their new home. ②Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle ______，get married，and have kids. ③You will be very promising ________________________________ (只要你安心工作). into down as long as you settle down to your work settle in/into sth.适应(新家、工作、环境等) settle in...在……定居 settle down定居；平静下来；专心于 settle down to sth.着手于某事 [实战贴士]　短语 settle in/into (适应)中，in为副词；into为介词。 7.contain vt.包含(involve，have sth.as a component)；含有；容纳(hold，seat，admit)；抑制(感情) ①He was worried，because he lost his bag ___________(contain)his passport，ID card and a lot of money. ②He was so excited that he could hardly contain________ (he)，jumping up and down with joy. containing himself ③饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着压岁钱的红包，并互相说一些吉利的话。(传统节日) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After the meal，a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other. (1)contain oneself克制自己；自制 (2)container n．容器；集装箱；货柜 [实战贴士]　contain“包括”，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth.。 8.apart from除了……外(还)；此外 写出下列句中apart from的含义 ①Apart from two men on watch in the engine room，everyone was asleep. ____________________ ②Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes._______________________ ③Apart from his intelligence，Mr.Liu is tirelessly industrious. →_________________________________his intelligence，Mr.Liu is tirelessly industrious. 除了……外(不包括) 除了……外(包括) In addition to/Besides/As well as take...apart将……拆开，拆分 tell...apart分辨出…… fall apart破裂；断裂；散开 set sb.apart使某人与众不同 [实战贴士]　 9.there be句型 [教材原句]　However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state of America.然而，有些人挺过了这些可怕的时期，如今居住在加州的印第安人比美国其他州都多。 ①There were hundreds of students __________(take) part in a mountain-climbing organized by our school on April 10. ②There is still much _____________________(discuss).We shall，therefore，return to this item at our next meeting. ③世上没有免费的午餐，你必须努力工作。(主旨升华) _________________________________________________________ taking to discuss/to be discussed There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world；you must work hard. 常用的there...句型： (1)There be sb./sth.doing sth. (2)There be sth.＋to do/to be done (3)There seem(s)/appear(s)/happen(s)/used to be... (4)There stand(s)/lie(s)/exist(s)/remain(s)/come(s)/go(es)... (5)There be no use/good/sense/point/need/doubt/ possibility... (6)There be no such thing/person as... 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to _____________(admit) to my favorite university will come true. 2．More than 750，000 have graduated from this university，with many ___________(seek) employment in engineering，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions. be admitted seeking 3．It is said that he narrowly escaped _____________(kill) in the traffic accident the other day. 4．With the Internet，parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable ______their children to see. 5．When he was criticized by the boss，he was so angry that he couldn't contain ___________(he). 6．Plastic will give out ________________(poison)gas when burned. being killed for himself poisonous 7．(2021·浙江1月卷)The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information ____________(contain) in their gestures and actions. 8．___ is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. contained It 维度2　熟词生义 1．A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized . ________ 2．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. ___________ 3．At this point，no one had called to claim the dog，so Ann decided to keep it. _____________ n.解脱 vt.被遗忘 vt.认领 维度3　一句多译/句式升级 1．最近，我有幸到南非旅游。 ①Recently，________________________ to South Africa.(fortunate) ②Recently，I _________________________to South Africa.(fortune) I was fortunate to travel had the good fortune to travel 2．首先，因为我的英语口语很流利，所以我认为我非常适合这份工作。 ①Firstly，because my spoken English is fluent，I think I_____________ this job.(fit) ②Firstly，because of my fluent spoken English，I think I __________________________this job.(suitable) am very fit for am very suitable for 3．As spring comes，everything comes to life. →_____________________，everything comes to life.(with复合结构) 4．If all things are considered，her suggestion is of greater value than yours. →__________________，her suggestion is of greater value than yours.(独立主格结构) With spring coming All things considered 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 假定你是李华，你的朋友汤姆想到中国吉林旅行，你向他推荐了长白山。长白山是一个美丽的自然保护区，海拔从700米到2 000多米不等。长白山有众多的珍稀动植物。天池是长白山最吸引人的地方。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 Dear Tom， ① ________________________________(我突然想到) you will ②_________ (去……) Jilin, so I'd like to recommend Changbaishan to you. ③ __________________(人们公认；admit) not only is it a famous tourist attraction but it is also a beautiful nature reserve. The height of the land ranges from 700 meters above sea level to over 2，000 meters. Apart ④ _________that, it is home to a great variety (用本单元词汇替 It occurs to/strikes/hits me that head to It is admitted that from 换黑体词：⑤___________) of rare plants and animals. In addition, it feels good to walk in the mountains and bathe in a hot spring.It is said that (用本单元的词汇及句式替换黑体部分：⑥_________________) the attraction highly appreciated in the district is Tianchi. diversity It is claimed that If you'd like to come, let me know what time ⑦ _____(suit) you best. Yours， Li Hua suits 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感 描写 fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地 mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 动作描写 seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求；试图 claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言 escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 occur vi.发生；出现 select vt.选择；挑选；选拔 settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷) contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；抑制(感情) head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。 我和我姐姐向Old Man Donovan的水果农场走去，试图“摘”些苹果。正在那时，低沉粗哑的声音传来。我们没有从农场逃跑的机会。他没有责备我们，而是给我们挑选了几个苹果。几个月后，不好的事情发生了。Old Man Donovan不幸地从苹果树上摔下来失去了生命。一听到这个坏消息，我们不能控制我们的情绪，伤心的泪水像断了线的珠子一样落下来。 My sister and I __________Old Man Donovan's fruit farm，___________________________．At that time，a gruff，low voice came.We had no chance to ____________the farm.He didn't blame us and instead ____________________________．Several months later，_______________________．_______________，Old Man Donovan's ___________________________________．On hearing the bad news，we ________________________________，tears of sadness running down our faces like a broken string of pearls. headed to seeking to “pick” some apples escape from selected several apples for us something bad occurred Unfortunately falling from the apple tree claimed his life couldn't contain our emotions [名篇品读] Mary walked along the pathway until she came to huge gardens with wide lawns and winding walks.There was a large pool with a fountain in the middle.But the flowerbeds were bare and wintry and the fountain was not working. Onwards she explored.Everything was so still.The grass and moss beneath her feet muffled her footsteps.She kept her eyes on the ground.It must have been a beautiful place once but now everything was overgrown. —The Secret Garden 玛丽沿着小路一直走到有宽阔草坪和蜿蜒小路的大花园。那里有一个大水池，中间有一个喷泉。但是花坛却光秃秃的，萧瑟无比，喷泉也不工作了。 她继续探索着。一切都很平静。她脚下的青草和苔藓挡住了她的脚步。她目不转睛地看着地面。它曾经一定是个美丽的地方，但现在映入眼帘的是一幅杂草丛生的场景。 ——《秘密花园》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·山东淄博一模)It's an unconventional setting.Children of varying ages are reading actively.Seated next to them are teenagers, many of them girls, staring at the Hindi alphabet(字母表)on the blackboard.In charge of this class are three young girls, not much older than their students.But when Tabassum, Tarannum and Rubina, no more than 22, start speaking, you know the difference.Their confidence takes you by surprise. A little over 10 kilometres from Varanasi lies the village of Sajoi where illiteracy (文盲) was quite common.It had blocked out modernity until recently, especially when it came to its women.Educating girls was considered pointless, and the possibility of women stepping out of their homes, unthinkable. Things began to change in 2010 when Human Welfare Association (HWA) identified Sajoi for a planned intervention.HWA set up a centre in Sajoi to offer free education but the villagers needed to be convinced to join in.The organization needed volunteers who valued education.Tabassum, Tarannum and Rubina embraced the opportunity. After completing their high school education, the girls set out on another important mission—persuading the locals to send their children to schools.“We went knocking at every door and talking to elders，”recalls Rubina.Some villagers asked them to mind their own business.“We didn't let all this distract our attention from the main goal, ” Rubina says. The girls honed their approach.They didn't ask people to stop their children from working，but urged them to send them to schools for an hour or two.Slowly, children started trickling (缓慢增加)in.Motivational Learning Centre, as the girls call it, is no replacement for school.It is there, in fact, that they create the hunger for knowledge.It also helps school-going children so they don't lose interest and drop out. Those who doubted the girls' intentions now recommend the centre to others.The number of admissions to schools has steadily increased and the dropout rate in Sajoi has fallen. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了印度为消除文盲所做的努力。 2 3 1 4 1．How does the author start the text? A．By describing a typical scene. B．By comparing different views. C．By analyzing certain reasons. D．By providing background information. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第一段“It's an unconventional setting.Children of varying ages are reading actively.Seated next to them are teenagers, many of them girls, staring at the Hindi alphabet on the blackboard.In charge of this class are three young girls, not much older than their students.But when Tabassum, Tarannum and Rubina, no more than 22, start speaking, you know the difference.Their confidence takes you by surprise.”可知，本段通过描述生活中的一个学习场景，引入了文章的话题。 2 3 1 4 2．What was the major obstacle for girls to receive education in Sajoi? A．Most families had a tight budget. B．They were engaged in working. C．The locals didn't value education much. D．The educational resources were insufficient. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Educating girls was considered pointless, and the possibility of women stepping out of their homes, unthinkable.”可知，在Sajoi，女孩接受教育被认为是无意义的，即当地对教育，尤其是女孩的教育不重视。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “honed” mean in paragraph 5? A．Abandoned.　　　　 B．Explained. C．Adopted. D．Improved. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“After completing their high school education, the girls set out on another important mission—persuading the locals to send their children to schools.”及第五段中“They didn't ask people to stop their children from working, but urged them to send them to schools for an hour or two.Slowly, children started trickling in.Motivational Learning Centre, as the girls call it, is no replacement for school.It is there, in fact, that they create the hunger for knowledge.It also helps school-going children so they don't lose interest and drop out.”可知，女孩们对教育的观点改变了。选项D“improved”符合题意。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain the consequences of poor knowledge. B．To show efforts to fight against illiteracy in India. C．To reflect on the current educational situation in India. D．To inform us of the urgent need for the youth to get educated. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 写作意图题。通读全文，文章第一段描述了生活中的一个学习场景；第二段讲述了在Sajoi，女孩接受教育被认为是无意义的；第三段讲述在2010年，当人类福利协会(HWA)确定Sajoi进行有计划的干预时，情况开始发生变化；第四、五段提到女孩们对于教育的观点的改变。所以本文主要为了说明印度为消除文盲所做的努力。 B The salute as we know it, as a hand-movement up to the forehead and down again, is the shortened, modern version of a much older, and far more complex movement or gesture which existed in earlier times. The origins of the salute vary, depending on who you talk to.Some say that it goes all the way back to the Medieval times.Knights dressed in full battle-armour (战甲) would raise their visors (面罩) to each other, as a sign of respect, and it's suggested that this may be one origin story of the salute, though there isn't much evidence to support this. Some say it goes even further back, and that it was a hand-gesture to shield one's eyes from the glare of the sun, when ancients stared up to the skies. Fascinating though these origin stories are, the truth is actually far less complicated.The salute is actually the evolution of the removal of one's hat or cap! Back when wearing hats was far more common, it was a sign of respect and politeness to remove one's hat or cap, either in the presence of a superior, or as a greeting.It was considered rude to keep one's hat on in the presence of others, because it meant they couldn't see your whole face, and suggested that you weren't paying them proper attention. The salute therefore evolved out of the movement of reaching up to grasp the brim of one's hat to be raised as a sign of respect.It used to be that the hat, once removed, was swept downwards, followed by a bow.You might see this in some period movies.Obviously too time-consuming, it was eventually shortened to the modern salute—a quick, sharp movement to the hairline, before restoring the hand and arm to one's side. 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了关于“敬礼”这一手势的起源的各种说法和演变。 5 6 7 8 5．How did knights show respect for each other? A．By removing their full battle-armour. B．By talking to each other for a while. C．By keeping their heads raised for a while. D．By having their visors raised to each other. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knights dressed in full battle-armour would raise their visors to each other, as a sign of respect”可知，骑士们通过掀开面甲来表示互相尊重。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “shield” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Clean. B．Wipe. C．Protect. D．Widen. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。画线词所在句子表示“有人说这种手势的历史甚至更久远，古人仰望天空时，这是一种 眼睛免受阳光损伤的手势”。由此可以推测，画线词最有可能意为“保护”。 5 6 7 8 7．What does the author think is the origin of the salute? A．People bowing to each other. B．People taking off their hats or caps. C．Knights greeting others in the Medieval times. D．The ancients covering their eyes with their hands. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Fascinating though these origin stories are, the truth is actually far less complicated.The salute is actually the evolution of the removal of one's hat or cap！”可知，作者认为，“敬礼”这一手势实际上是由“脱帽礼”演变而来的。 5 6 7 8 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The origins and evolvement of the salute. B．Different forms of salutes. C．Some ways to show respect. D．The development of gestures. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是介绍关于“敬礼”这一手势的起源的各种说法和演变。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Many blind children are also diagnosed with autism (孤独症), including my son Eddie.But we decided that we would not allow his blindness to 1 his development. When Eddie was younger, we'd take him to the grocery store and talk about everything.We'd tell him what was on the shelves, the various smells, and even how much things 2 . We were teaching him the 3 of “grocery store”．Though Eddie was not impressed, my husband James proved that we should always 4 again. James told me one day recently that Eddie had become interested in 5 . I was very 6 . In the past, Eddie would cry in the store and not want to walk. James' report afterwards amazed me.He would even have Eddie 7 items off the shelves and put them in the cart with his help. The next day, we took Eddie to the grocery store.When we went to the fruit section, James let Eddie feel the apples in the whole 8 . The manager wasn't happy, and quickly came over to find out what was going on.James said Eddie was just 9 apples.As the manager looked 10 ， James turned to Eddie and threw out a question he wasn't sure.Eddie would answer. He said, “Eddie, can you pick up that bag of apples and put it in the cart？” 11 ， Eddie did exactly what James asked.This one little 12 even caused our eyes to fill with tears.Due to Eddie's language delays, it's hard to know what he fully 13 ． This is one of those moments we 14 for years to see.When the day comes, we are shocked.I'm glad that we keep trying with Eddie and never give up on him.We are trying to remember he's growing every day in every way; trying to put 15 in his life that may not have worked before, but can work now; trying to be better parents. 【语篇解读】　文章讲述了一对父母在孩子失明的情况下，如何精心呵护和照顾他，避免导致孤独症和发育延缓的故事，体现了为人父母的伟大。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.decline B．replace C．adapt D．delay 答案：D delay his development“延缓他的发育”。下文也有提到语言能力的延缓。 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 2．A.lose B．return C．cost D．develop 答案：C 让他体验购物过程，了解商品的价格，cost“花费”。 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 14 15 3．A.location B．concept C．instruction D．domain 答案：B 告诉他杂货店的概念。从上文教他与store有关的东西和下文的“James' report afterwards amazed me.He would even have Eddie 7 items off the shelves and put them in the cart with his help.”可知，父母在非常细心地教他与购物相关的东西。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 4．A.try B．pass C．break D．stick 答案：A 此处指再次尝试教他。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 5．A.shouting B．shopping C．walking D．picking 答案：B 因为体验主要是在商店里，所以这里指对购物感兴趣比较合适。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 6．A.worried B．ashamed C．embarrassed D．surprised 答案：D 下文也有提到，孩子的成长和反应让他们惊讶。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 7．A.prepare B．turn C．pull D．throw 答案：C 此处指把商品从架子上拉下来。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 8．A.farmland B．market C．size D．section 答案：D 商店里的货物一般是按类别分区摆放的。上文“The next day, we took Eddie to the grocery store.When we went to the fruit section, James let Eddie feel the apples in the whole 48.”也有暗示，所以，这里是指水果区。section 区域。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 9．A.taking in B．focusing on C．picking out D．making up 答案：C take in“吸收，欺骗”；focus on“关注”；pick out“挑选”； make up“弥补，编造，化妆，和好”，这里指挑选苹果。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 10．A.confused B．moved C．unnoticed D．excited 答案：A 指店员 confused“困惑不解”，毕竟Eddie跟正常的孩子还是有点不同。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 11．A.Unfortunately B．Unwillingly C．Shockingly D．Hopefully 答案：C 从下文的tears可以看出，孩子的表现惊到父母了。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 12．A.moment B．situation C．attitude D．suggestion 答案：A 下文也有暗示，随着孩子的慢慢长大，生活中常有一些惊喜，让他们觉得一切都值得，也还会坚持做更好的父母。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 13．A.receives B．understands C．doubts D．follows 答案：B 由于Eddie语言发育的延缓，所以沟通表达也相应有点慢。因此，父母不能完全了解到孩子的真实情况。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 14．A.wait B．search C．head D．call 答案：A 此处指等候孩子长大的某一个时刻。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 15．A.reasons B．experiences C．descriptions D．criteria 答案：B 这句也是对全文的一个总结，从购物这一事例，说明了父母在孩子成长过程中，是如何带他体验真实生活，让他逐渐地了解生活中的一些他看不到的东西。 $$