必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 必修第二册 (主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化) 【话题词汇】 【话题佳句】 1．History is not only a mirror，but also a profound textbook. 历史不仅是一面镜子，还是一本深奥的教科书。 2．Looking into a mirror，we can see true images of our own；with our knowledge of the past，the present can be better known. 明镜所以照形，古事所以知今。 3．China has a long history of producing great writers and poets. 中国有着孕育伟大作家和诗人的悠久传统。 4．China has a long and interesting history to explore，which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. 中国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，它可以帮助你更加深入地了解这个国家及其传统。 5．With history as a mirror，one can understand the rise and fall of a nation；with a man as a mirror，one can see whether he is right or wrong. 以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 五级词汇 amount n．[C]&[U]数量；金额；总数 　a large/huge amount of大量的 charge vt.充电；收费；控告n.[C]&[U]收费；[C]指控；[U]主管 　take charge of/be in charge of负责 　in/under sb.'s charge由某人负责 　free of charge免费 四级词汇 achievement n．[C]成就，成绩；[U]达到，完成(v. achieve) 　a sense of achievement成就感 announce vt.通知；宣布；声称(n. announcement) approach vi.靠近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理n.[C]方法，途径；[U]接近(～to) belong vi.属(于)；应在(某处)；适应 　belong to属于，是……的成员，应归入 crowd vt.使……拥挤；挤满，塞满(adj. crowded)vi.聚集，涌进，蜂拥而至n.[C]人群；民众；一群人 custom n．[C]&[U]风俗，习俗；[sing.][正式用语](个人的)习惯(habit) eager adj.渴望的，热切的 　(be) eager to do sth.渴望做某事 　(be) eager for渴望得到 evidence n．证据(proof)；证明 greet vt.向……打招呼，迎接(welcome)；问候 　greet sb. with以……和某人打招呼 individual adj.[只用于名词前]单独的；个别的n.[C]个人，个体 nearby adv.在附近adj.[常用于名词前]附近的；邻近的 position vt.安装，安置，安放(place)n.[C]&[U]位置；姿态；地位；[C]职位；处境；立场 puzzle n．[C]难题；谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.使困惑；迷惑(puzzled，puzzling) 　solve this puzzle解决这一难题 roll vt. & vi.(使)滚动，转动；卷；(使)翻滚n.[C]卷(轴)，翻滚；(正式的)名册 三级词汇 ancestor n．[C]祖宗，祖先 battle n．[C]&[U]战役，搏斗；[C]斗争，较量vt. & vi.奋斗；(与……)斗争，(与……)搏斗 　battle with/against与……搏斗 　battle for为……而战 chief adj.[只用于名词前]首要的，最重要的(main)；首席的，最高级别的n.[C](公司或机构的)首领，领袖，上司；酋长 defence n．[U]保卫，防御；[C]&[U]防御能力；辩护(v. defend) ensure vt.担保；确保，保证(make sure) fascinating adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；丰富的(n. generosity) landscape n．[C](陆上，尤指乡村的)风景；风景画 legal adj.[只用于名词前]法律的；合法的；法定的(反illegal) military adj.军事的，军用的 philosophy n．[U]哲学；[C]哲学体系；[C]&[U]人生哲学 poet n．[C]诗人(poem，poetry) port n．[C]港，港口(城市) striking adj.引人注目的；显著的；惊人的 surround vt.包围，围绕；围困；与……紧密相关 二级词汇 conquer vt.占领，控制，征服，战胜；克服(困难等)；破除(坏习惯等) feast n．[C]享受；盛宴，宴会；节日 　a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴 kingdom n．[C]王国；领域 location n．[C]地方；地点；位置(v. locate) 一级词汇 Confucius n．孔子 currency n．[C]&[U]货币；通货；支付手段 ◆短语 break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 keep your eyes open (for)留心，留意 join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 as well as和，也；还；同(一样也)；除……之外 take over(武力)占领，接管，控制 leave behind留下；把……抛在后面，超过 do a research project做一个研究项目 be similar to与……相似 be confused by/about对……感到困惑 result in导致，造成 be referred to as被称作…… ◆习语 Achilles' heel阿喀琉斯之踵；致命弱点 pull sb.'s leg开某人的玩笑 fish out of water离水之鱼；浑身不自在 必背句式 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. 一个不了解自己过去的历史、起源和文化的民族就像一棵无根之树。 Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion. 子曰：“学而不思则罔”。 I had no idea there would be so many tourists. 我没想到竟然这么多游客。 It wasn't as good/interesting/fun as I'd expected. 它没我想的那么好/有趣/好玩。 I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that... 我急切地想看到/了解到/听到……。/看到/了解到/听到……让我很吃惊。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．each __________ member of the community社区中的每个成员 2．the _________ cause/problem/reason 主要原因/问题/理由 3．a book of _________ for children 儿童谜语书 4．in a _________ town在附近的一个小镇上 5．be eager to do _________ service 渴望服兵役 individual chief puzzles nearby military 6．soldiers who died in _________ of their country 为保卫祖国而献身的战士 7．the _________ for a popular TV series一部热门电视连续剧的拍摄场地 8．a _______ of wills 意志的较量 9．get our car battery _________给我们的汽车电池充电 10．an _________ of time/money/information 一段时间/一笔钱/一些信息 defence location battle charged amount 11．a different _________ to the problem 一种不同的解决问题的方法 12．_________ a smooth transition 确保平稳过渡 13．the beautiful natural _________ 美丽的自然景观 14．be _________ in giving help 乐于助人 15．take up one's _________ 就位 16．try not to _________ between meals 两餐之间尽量不要吃点心 17．an old/ancient _________ 一种旧的/古老的习俗 18．_________into the hall 挤入大厅 approach ensure landscape generous position snack custom crowd Ⅱ.变形词汇 1．___________ n．哲学→ ___________ n．哲学家；思想家 2．_________ vt.(使)困惑；迷惑 n．谜；难题；智力游戏；疑问→_________ adj.迷惑不解的→_________ adj.令人迷惑的 3．_________ vi.属于；为……的一员；应在(某处)；适应→ ____________ n．财产，所有物 4．_________ vt.包围；围绕→_______________ n．[pl.]周围的事物；环境→____________ adj.周围的 philosophy philosopher puzzle puzzled puzzling belong belongings surround surroundings surrounding 5．____________ n．证明；根据；证据→__________ adj.明显的；清楚的 6．______________ n．成就；功绩；成绩；达到→ _________ vt.完成；达到 7．_________ n．地方；地点；位置→ ______ v．位于；定居 8．_____ n．港口(城市)→ ______ v．& n．进口→ ______ v．& n．出口 evidence evident achievement achieve location locate port import export 9．__________ vt.宣布；通知；声称→ ______________ n．通知；宣告→ __________ n．播音员；宣告者 10．____ n．诗人→ _______ n．诗歌；诗意；诗集→ _____n．诗 11．______ vt.迎接；问候→ __________ n．迎接；问候；招呼 announce announcement announcer poet poetry poem greet greeting Ⅲ.拓展词汇 单复数意义不同的名词小结 ①custom风俗→customs 海关 ②manner方式→manners 礼貌 ③paper纸→papers 文件 ④art艺术→arts 文科 ⑤arm手臂→arms 武器 ⑥work工作→works 作品 ⑦good善行；利益→goods货物 ⑧sand沙子→sands沙滩 ⑨instruction教授；传授→instructions用法说明 ⑩time时间→times时代 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．______ the island _____ the mainland 把海岛与大陆连接起来 2．_____________ the old traditional ideas摆脱旧的传统观念 3．__________ a different era属于另一个时代 4．be __________ sales负责销售 join to break away from belong to in charge of 5．make sense politically _____________ economically在政治和经济上都有意义 6．_____________ read this column急于读这个专栏 7．____________________ this kind of sentences你应特别注意这样的句子 8．______________ onlookers 一大群围观者 as well as be eager to keep your eyes open for a crowd of Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．They use the same flag, _________ the Union Jack, _____________ the same currency and military defence.(过去分词作定语；as well as) 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 2．_____________________________________，and made changes to the legal system.(have sth.done) 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 known as as well as share They had castles built all around England 3．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, ______________________________ _______________．(with复合结构) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 4．They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way __________________．(the way后为省略引导词that/in which的定语从句) 他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 people built houses 5．With all this beauty, _____________________ Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.(it作形式主语) 乡村景色如此优美，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮在内的强大的传统就不足为奇了。 it is not surprising that 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．The ___________ (legal) payments were discovered by a journalist working undercover. 2．Looking back，Diana owes her __________________ (achieve)to the goal she set before，and above all，the efforts she has made. illegal achievements 3．The strong walls of the castle served as a good __________ (defend) against the attacks. 4．(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always __________ (crowd). defence where crowded Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．Amy，__________________________ (以及她的兄弟们)，was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 2．As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world，earthquakes often ______________________________________ (导致很多人受伤或死亡). 3．The highway has _____________________________(把我们村与城市连接起来). as well as her brothers result in many people being injured or killed joined our village to the city 4．As is known to all，good friends ___________________________ (给生活增加幸福和价值). 5．Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me_______________ ____________________________ (脱离我所有的朋友) and never contact them. add happiness and value to life to break away from all of my friends Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有的话，把它说出来。(省略) Please try to find out the differences between the two words. _______，speak it out. 2．说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时说话要小声。(keep复合结构) Speaking of table manners，_______________________ during the meal. If any keep your voice low 3．大约两个小时后，我们提着满满一篮子的东西出去了，带着疲惫但满意的表情。(with复合结构) About two hours later，____________________，we went out，wearing tired but satisfied expressions. with our baskets full 核心考点 互动探究 1.crowd n．人群；一群人(a large number of people gathering together)；民众vt.挤满(fill with)；使……拥挤 ①Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in ____her. ②After seeing the report，problems about the company crowded ____my mind. ③A crowd of children ________________(pass) my house，singing and laughing，when I walked out of the yard. ④那天，大厅里挤满了观众。(场景描写) __________________________________________________ on into were passing The great hall was crowded with audience that day. (1)a crowd of一群…… crowds of成群…… (2)crowd in (on sb.)(想法、问题等)涌上(心头)；涌入(脑海) crowd into one's mind涌上某人的心头 (3)be crowded with挤满……；充满着…… 2.belong vi.应在(某处)(be in the right place or situation)；适应(suit) ①In my opinion，you'd better put the book _______it belongs. ②Having sold most of his _________________(belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house. ③A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to the cat family. →A tiger is a large fierce animal ____________the cat family. where belongings belonging to (1)belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分 (2)belonging n．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物；财产 [实战贴士]　belong to中to为介词，后接名词或代词宾格。不用于进行时态和被动语态，作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。 3.announce vt.宣布(make sth. known publicly)；通知；声称；预示(foretell，say what will happen) ①The government announced ____ the media the plan to develop a new project. ②At the end of the meeting，it ______________(announce) that an agreement had been reached. ③一叶知秋。(俗语) _________________________________________________________ to was announced The first few leaves on the ground announce the beginning of autumn. (1)announce sth.to sb.＝ announce to sb.sth.向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that...据宣布…… (2)announcement n．公告；布告；宣告 make an announcement发布一则宣告或通知 [实战贴士]　announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth.to sb.结构，类似用法的动词还有suggest，explain等。 4.amount n．金额(the sum of money)；数量(the quantity of sth.) v．总计(account for; up to)；达到 ①A good amount of sleep every night ____(be)important for your health. ②Large amounts of water ____________(need)for cooling purpose. ③The total sales of the company didn't amount ___more than a million dollars. is are needed to (2)amount to等于；达到 [归纳拓展]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合： ①a number of只接可数名词复数。 ②a great deal of，a great amount of，large amounts of等只接不可数名词。 ③a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，large quantities of 等既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 5.approach n．接近；途径；方法(a way of dealing with sth.)；道路 vt.接近(get near to)；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 ①All the ___________(approach)to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. ②To achieve this aim, many approaches to ________(create) true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”．[译林选择性必修第二册] approaches creating ③At the approach of the summer vacation，I'm planning to travel to many places. →______________________________________，I'm planning to travel to many places.(状语从句) →____________________________________________，I'm planning to travel to many places.(with复合结构) As the summer vacation is approaching With the summer vacation approaching (1)an approach to...接近；接洽；……的方法/途径 at the approach of在快到……的时候 (2)approach sb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物 be approaching正在/将要接近　 [归纳拓展]　注意下面“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配： ①the approach to (doing) sth.　　　②the way to do/of (doing) sth. ③the means of (doing) sth. ④the method of (doing) sth. 6.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 ①A terrible fire broke _____on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.[译林选择性必修第二册] ②My dog suddenly _______________me, charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写) ③The elevator didn't work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. →The elevator ___________and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. out broke away from broke down ④他们在比赛中获得第一名的好消息一宣布，孩子们就欢呼起来。(动作描写) The moment the good news that they won first prize in the contest was announced, _________________________． the children broke into cheers break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break up解体；分解；解散；分手；结束；放假 7.keep复合结构 [教材原句]　If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。 ①You must keep your eyes _________(close) when doing eye exercises. ②The question kept me ____________(wonder)for the rest of the night. ③“小声点，” 我悄声说。(读后续写之场景描写) ____________________________________________ closed wondering “Keep your voice down，” I whispered. keep复合结构构成： keep＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语 keep＋宾语＋doing (表示动作持续进行) keep＋宾语＋done (表示被动) 8.with复合结构 [教材原句]　The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 ①With a guide __________(show)us around the scenic spots，we're sure to have a good time. ②With several problems _______________(remain) to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. ③With more and more forests ________________(damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. ④他在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。(读后续写之场景描写) __________________________________________________________ to show remaining damaged He was walking on the street，with a book under his arm. with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其构成： with＋宾语＋to do (表示将来的动作) with＋宾语＋doing (表示主动或进行) with＋宾语＋done (表示被动或完成) with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv. 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．What puzzles you is actually ____puzzle to many parents in China. 2．____________ (evident)，in the competitive society there are both losers and winners. 3．The __________________(surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city. 4．Mother puts the baby in___ charge of the babysitter while she is out. a Evidently surrounding the 5．____________ (approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. 6．_______struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people. 7．In the summer of 2016，a terrible flood broke______ in the south of the city，causing a great loss to the people there. Approaching What out 8．We had to keep track of our ___________(belong)，and if something was lost，it was not replaced. 9．Is anybody feeling cold？If______, let us open the windows. 10．With the night ___________(approach)，I became worried and could not keep calm. belongings not approaching 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. __________________ 2．(2022·全国乙卷)A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education，up to and including those at first degree level，in organised groups with teachers._________________ adv.存在着，出现 n.要价，收费 3．But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. _______________ n.报酬，回报 维度3　一句多译/句式升级 1．属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。 ①Don't give up the things _______________________and keep those lost things in memory.(定语从句) ②Don't give up the things__________________ and keep those lost things in memory.(分词短语作定语) that/which belong to you belonging to you 2．因为急于看日出，他们四点钟就起床了。 ①_______________________________________，they got up at four.(状语从句) ②____________________，they got up at four.(形容词短语作状语) 3．The village is surrounded by the forest，and looks very beautiful. →________________________，the village looks very beautiful.(分词短语作状语) As they were eager to see the sunrise Eager to see the sunrise Surrounded by the forest 4．Two friends had an argument，which broke up their friendship forever. →Two friends had an argument，_____________________________． (分词短语作结果状语) 5．Because the key was lost，he had to wait outside the door. →________________，he had to wait outside the door.(with复合结构) breaking up their friendship forever With the key lost 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友特里(Terry)将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件并提出建议。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 Dear Terry， How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend's home. Now, ① ________________________ ____________________________(我写信告知你一些相关的细节). I am writing to inform you of some relevant details To begin with, according to our tradition, you should (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：②_____________) arrive early, ③________________ _________________________ (这样的话你就可以帮着他们家人准备饭菜), which is meaningful and interesting (用not only...but also...连接：④___________________________________). Besides, you'd better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What's more, when you are enjoying the meal (用省略句式升级黑体部分：⑤___________________), you need to avoid making noise while chewing food. are supposed to so that you can help the family prepare the dinner not only meaningful but also interesting when enjoying the meal Hopefully, ⑥__________________________________________ (这些建议对你有很大的帮助). I'm confident that you will have a great time(用同位语从句升级黑体部分：⑦_____________________ _______________________). I am looking forward to your good news. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua these suggestions would be of great help to you I have the confidence that you will have a great time 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料]   情感描写 eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地 puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的 fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的 动作描写 conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 battle vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 approach vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 roar vi.吼叫；咆哮 greet vt.问候；迎接 defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫 crowd vt.挤满；使……拥挤 break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 环境描写 landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 scent n．气味；气息 dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布 ocean n．大海；海洋 surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境 location n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.坐落于；位于 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。 随着我们靠近群山围绕的宿营地，我们难以抑制心中的兴奋。一到达宿营地，妈妈就立即打开车门，冲了出去，热切地催促我们搭帐篷。绿树连绵起伏，各色野花点缀其中，周围迷人的风景堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。我们沐浴着阳光，呼吸着鲜花甜美的芬芳。鸟儿在欢快地歌唱，好像在热情地迎接我们。我的家人惬意地聊着天，过去美好的记忆涌上我们的心头。 As __________________________________________________，we had difficulty containing our excitement.On reaching it，my mom opened the door immediately，_________________________________ _____________．__________________________________was a true feast for our eyes，_________________________________________ ________．We were bathed in the sun and_______________________ _______________．Birds were singing happily as if_______________ ____________．My family chatted comfortably，_________________ ________________________________． we approached the camping site surrounded by mountains charged outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent The surrounding fascinating landscape with its rolling green trees dotted with various wild flowers breathed in the sweet scent of fresh flowers they were warmly greeting us sweet memories of the past crowding in on us [名篇品读] I dare，I dare allow myself the hope that，after you read this，you will be more charitable to me than I ever was to you.That you might find it in your heart to come and see your father.That you will knock on my door one more time and give me the chance to open it this time，to welcome you，and to take you in my arms，my daughter，as I should have all those years ago.It is a hope as weak as my heart.This I know.But I will be waiting.I will be listening for your knock.I will be hoping. —A Thousand Splendid Suns 我敢让自己希望，在你读了这封信之后，你会对我比我对你更仁慈。或许如此我们父女就有了在你心中相聚的机会。你会再次敲我的门，给我一次开门的机会，欢迎你，把你抱在我怀里，我的女儿，就像我多年前应该做的那样。这是一个和我的心一样脆弱的希望。这我知道。但我会等的。我会一直保留着听见你敲门的希望。 ——《灿烂千阳》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山东济南模拟)Have you ever been seized with a kind of warm and unclear feeling when you start an old-fashioned game？Or maybe when you think back to celebrating the holidays as a kid，something magical just seems to be missing now.That's nostalgia (怀旧). In the early 20th century，nostalgia was considered a mental condition similar to depression.Anyone separated from their native place for a long time was easy to suffer nostalgia.But over the next few decades，the meaning of nostalgia has expanded from indicating homesickness to a general longing for the past.And rather than an awful disease，it turns out to be seen as a bittersweet experience. From several former studies，researchers of the University of Southampton supposed nostalgia might protect people from being in a bad mood，even when they think about upsetting things—like death.To test it out，they conducted an experiment，where 75 people wrote about their own deaths，and then did a word completion task，in which they were asked to complete different words based on a six -letter word starting with C-O-F-F.The people who thought about dying but didn't get nostalgic answered with many death-related words，such as“coffin(棺材)”，while the nostalgic people gave more answers unrelated to death like“coffee”，almost as if they'd never thought about death in the first place. The researchers think that could mean nostalgia，despite being a complex emotional state that can include feelings of loss and sadness，doesn't generally put people in a negative mood.Instead，by allowing individuals to remember personally meaningful and rewarding experiences，nostalgia can boost psychological well-being.These studies are pretty limited，though，and there's still a lot we don't know about nostalgia. Still，these studies support that nostalgia has a purpose.If people are feeling down，it might cheer them up.But there are also some less helpful side effects.For example，advertisers have discovered how powerful nostalgia is as a marketing technique，for nostalgia in ads can make people part with cash more easily.So，it is not all sugar cookies. 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了怀旧的概念以及关于其积极影响的研究，最后也提到了其在商业上的运用。 2 3 1 4 1．What is paragraph 2 intended to explain? A．The depression caused by long-term nostalgia. B．The mental conditions of people away from home. C．The understandings of nostalgia in different periods. D．The relationship between homesickness and nostalgia. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段介绍了20世纪早期，怀旧被认为是一种类似于抑郁症的精神状态；并介绍了在其后的几十年里，人们对怀旧的认知已经从对乡愁的理解延伸到对过去的普遍渴望。怀旧不再是一种可怕的疾病而是一种苦乐参半的体验。据此可知，第二段想要解释人们在不同时期对怀旧的理解。 2 3 1 4 2．How did the researchers prove the result of the former studies? A．By performing a test. B．By introducing a concept. C．By doing an investigation. D．By conducting an interview. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To test it...with C-O-F-F.”可知，研究人员是通过做测试来证明之前的研究结果的。 2 3 1 4 3．What can we infer about nostalgia from paragraph 4? A．It needs to be further studied. B．It helps to remove bad feelings. C．It benefits people's physical health. D．It makes people feel life is complex. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These studies are ...don't know about nostalgia.”可知，这些研究非常有限，我们对怀旧仍有许多不了解的地方。据此可推知，我们需要进一步研究怀旧。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Reasons for Feeling Nostalgia B．The Commercial Values of Nostalgia C．Nostalgia：A Method for a Better Mood D．Nostalgia：A Bitter and Pleasant Experience 答案：D 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。文章第一段描述了复杂的怀旧之情，第二段结尾直接点出其是苦乐参半的体验，后面两段介绍了有关怀旧的研究发现，最后一段尤其是最后一句也表明怀旧是种喜忧参半的体验。据此可知，D项最适合作文章标题。 B (2023·山西太原月考)Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history.Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations.It is in the buildings and structures around us.It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure.It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell.But today, it is under attack as never before.Not only is the damage of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts，climate change，globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price.Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle.Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage. As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming.Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required crowdsourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours.AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years.Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile.Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm.Waste accumulates everywhere, causing enormous problems.As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them.We'll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch！) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology.Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Paying.　　　　　 B．Cutting. C．Receiving. D．Demanding. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中“Not only is...our cultural heritage, but conflicts，climate...a heavy price.”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要“我们”付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。 5 6 7 8 6．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage? A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes restoration easier. C．It makes preservation safer. D．It creates replicas in seconds. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。 5 6 7 8 7．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage? A．By recycling huge amounts of waste. B．By reducing human impact on the site. C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. D．By educating people about the sites' importance. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage...with our own eyes.”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物。由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How Technology Changes the Arts B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology 答案：C 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technology is now...our cultural heritage.”是全文的主旨，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徒步旅行的各种好处。 (2023·湖南长沙调研)I'm a hiker—“born to hike”．It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail (小路)，especially when I am alone and can let my mind wander where it will. 1 1 2 4 5 3 A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. C．The following are the benefits you can get from hiking. D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone. F．It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape. G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body. 答案：C 1 2 4 5 3 该空位于第一段的段尾，第一段讲述了作者是一个徒步旅行爱好者；结合第二、四、五段的首句可知，空后讲的是徒步旅行的好处。故该空应起着承上启下的作用，故选C项“以下是你能从徒步旅行中得到的好处”。 1 2 4 5 3 Hiking keeps your brain sharper than many other forms of exercise.As a professional writer，although I am busy with my work，I often spare some time to hike. 2 1 2 4 5 3 A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. C．The following are the benefits you can get from hiking. D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone. F．It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape. G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body. 答案：F 1 2 4 5 3 第二段首句是该段的主旨句，讲述的是徒步旅行对大脑有好处，F项“徒步旅行不仅让我感觉良好，还能帮助我保持大脑处于最佳状态”与本段主旨一致，且选项F中的brain对应本段第一句中的brain。 1 2 4 5 3 3 Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress.But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you the happiness that you can take from nature. 1 2 4 5 3 A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. C．The following are the benefits you can get from hiking. D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone. F．It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape. G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body. 答案：A 1 2 4 5 3 分析语境寻线索：该空位于第三段的段首，第二、四、五段的首句都说的是徒步旅行的好处且都是段落主旨句。根据结构一致的做题法则可知，该空也应讲徒步旅行的好处且也应是本段的主旨句，又根据第三段后面的decrease stress和give you the happiness可知，空处应讲徒步旅行能够使人精神愉悦→对比选项定答案：故A项符合语境。 1 2 4 5 3 Hiking can increase our creativity.I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions. 4 Sometimes，ideas relevant to music come up from unconscious places when I'm not deliberately thinking. 1 2 4 5 3 A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. C．The following are the benefits you can get from hiking. D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone. F．It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape. G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body. 答案：D 1 2 4 5 3 根据第二段中的as a professional writer和空前的“I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions.”可知，作者是专业作家，在大自然中散步可以让作者的思想自由地朝着创造性的方向漫游。由此可知，该空应讲与创作相关的内容，故D项“事实上，我的很多歌曲都是在徒步旅行时写的”符合语境，且D项中的songs与空后的music相对应。 1 2 4 5 3 Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world.Besides being good for us，hiking may also help the world around us.After all，if we stick to walking and covering longer distances，we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 For example，it increases our connection to nature.As one study suggests，when we have a personal connection to nature，we are more likely to want to protect it.That means experiences in nature—like hiking—can be mutually (相互地) beneficial，helping people and the earth. So，grab a water bottle，a backpack...and head out on the trail.You won't be sorry you did that. 1 2 4 5 3 A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. C．The following are the benefits you can get from hiking. D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone. F．It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape. G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body. 答案：B 1 2 4 5 3 空前讲到徒步旅行有助于环境保护，空后进行举例，讲到徒步旅行增加了我们与自然的联系，进而激发我们想要保护它的欲望。由此可知，该空在文中起着承上启下的作用，且应该进一步讲到有关徒步旅行有助于保护自然的内容，故B项“除此之外，徒步旅行还间接地有益于我们的星球”符合语境。 1 2 4 5 3 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·福建福州名校联考)假定你是李华，你的外籍朋友Michael来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，正巧这学期你校要开设“话说中国节(Festive China)”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括： 1.开设时间； 2．课程内容； 3．报名方式。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [参考范文] Dear Michael， An online course entitled “Festive China” will be set up by our school.Knowing you are an enthusiast of Chinese culture，I'm writing to recommend it to you. The course is arranged on every Friday evening from September 1st，consisting of 12 two-hour sessions，each of which introduces different Chinese festivals.You will learn origins，backgrounds and customs of them.If you desire to participate in it，you can visit our school website and enroll yourself before next Friday. I'm sure the course will appeal to you.Don't miss the chance! Yours， Li Hua $$