必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 必修第一册 (主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害) 【话题词汇】 【话题佳句】 1．Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters.洪水是最常见，造成严重损失的自然灾害之一。 2．A large number of people lost their lives and thousands of houses were damaged.许多人失去了生命，数千间房屋受损。 3．A wise people can learn much more from disasters and mistakes than they usually do.一个智慧的民族从灾难和错误中学到的东西会比平时多得多。 4．The fear of the disaster is more terrible than the disaster itself.对灾难的恐惧比灾难本身更可怕。 5．There is kindness to be found everywhere.人间处处有温情。 6．I witnessed that many strangers devoted themselves to saving lives，providing food and clothes.我亲眼看到许多陌生人全力拯救生命，提供食物和衣服。 7．With the help of the whole nation，people in disaster areas overcame many difficulties and rebuilt their homes.在全国人民的帮助下，灾区的人们克服了许许多多的困难，重建了他们的家园。 8．It also made me realize the importance of helping and caring for those in need in a disaster.这也让我意识到在灾难中帮助和照顾那些需要帮助的人的重要性。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 五级词汇 damage vt.损害，破坏n.[U]损坏；损失 　do/cause damage to对……造成损害 death n．[U]死，死亡 　be bored/scared/frightened to death无聊得/怕得要死 effect n．[C]&[U]影响；结果；效果 　have an effect on对……有影响 effort n．[C]&[U]努力，尽力，艰难的尝试；精力 　make every effort/spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 percent n．[亦作 per cent，单复数相同] 百分之……adj.& adv.每一百中 power n．[U]电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 suffer vt.遭受，蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；变差 　suffer from遭受；患……病；受……之苦 四级词汇 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 aid n．[U]援助，帮助；[C]救援物资vi. & vt.[正式用语]帮助，援助(help) 　first aid kit急救箱 　come to sb.'s aid帮助某人 breathe vi. & vt.呼吸(n. breath) bury vt.埋葬；安葬；埋藏；遮盖(n. burial) 　be buried in/bury oneself in (doing) sth.埋头于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事 calm adj.(人)镇静的；沉着的；(天气、海洋等)平静的vt.使平静；使镇静 　calm down(使)平静下来；(使)镇静下来 deliver vt. & vi.递送；传送vt.发表；表达；讲 destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭；消灭，杀死 disaster n．[U]&[C]灾难，灾害(catastrophe)，不幸；彻底失败的人/事 　natural disasters自然灾害 electricity n．[U]电；电能；电力 　cut off electricity切断电源 emergency n．[C]&[U]突发事件，紧急情况 　in an emergency在紧急情况下 　in case of emergency遇到紧急情况 flood n．[C]&[U]洪水；[C]大量vi. & vt.(被)淹没；(使)泛滥；使灌满水vi.(洪水般地)大量涌入(pour)；淹没 　a flood of大量的 rescue n．& vt.救援，营救 　rescue sb./sth. from从……中解救某人/某物 　come to sb.'s rescue营救某人 ruin n．[C][常用复数]废墟，遗迹，残余；[U]毁坏；破坏；破产vt.糟蹋；(完全地)毁坏；破坏；使破产 　in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 shelter n．[C]避难处；[U]居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险) put up shelters搭建避难所 shelter...from保护……免受……(protect...from) shock n．[U]&[C][常用单数]震惊；令人震惊的事；[U]休克；[C]电击vt.(使)震惊；使气愤 in shock震惊，吃惊 strike (struck，struck/stricken) vi. & vt.侵袭；击打；突击；(时钟等)敲响vt.[不用于进行时](使)突然想到；给……以某种印象n.[C]&[U]袭击；罢工；罢课 supply n．[C][pl.]补给品，生活必需品；[C]供应(量)，补给vt.供应，供给，提供 　emergency supplies应急物资 　supply and demand供应与需求 　supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.为某人提供某物 survive vt.比……活得长；幸存；艰难度过(n. survival)vi.生存；存活 wave n．[C]海浪，波浪vi. & vt.挥手，招手 三级词汇 crash vt. & vi.碰撞，撞击vi.(公司等)倒闭，(股票)暴跌，(计算机等)死机n.[C][常用单数]爆裂声；碰撞(事件)；撞车；(计算机等)崩溃 length n．[U]&[C]长度，长(v. lengthen) 　at length最后；长时间地；详尽地 sweep (swept; swept) vt. & vi.(暴风雨等)袭击；打扫；清扫；掠过 　sweep away消灭，彻底消除 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套；留存，储存(气体/水等)n.[C]险境；陷阱 wisdom n．[U]智慧，才智(adj. wise) 二级词汇 context n．[C]&[U](文章的)上下文，语境；(事情发生的)背景 erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出(n. eruption) 一级词汇 revive vt. & vi.复活；(使)苏醒(n. revival) unify vi. & vt.统一；(使)成一体 ◆短语 volcanic eruption火山喷发 rise and fall升升降降，起起伏伏；兴衰 on hand现有(尤指帮助)，在手头 in the open air露天，在户外 fall down倒塌 medical care医疗护理 get up on one's feet站起来 win praise赢得赞誉 stay calm保持冷静 stay indoors待在室内 必背句式 It seems as if＋陈述语气或虚拟语气　看起来好像/仿佛/似乎…… The number of...is/was...……的数量是…… There is/It is nothing but...只有……/这只是…… 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．suffer a ________ 遭受灾难 2．_______ down the grassy slope从草坡上滑了下来 3．_______ the drowning man营救溺水的男子 4．volcanic ________ 火山喷发 5．cause serious _____________ to the country's economy对国家的经济造成严重破坏 disaster slide rescue eruption damage 6．_______ the environment破坏环境 7．spare no _______ 不遗余力 8．a rough _______ 简陋的避难所 9．walk into the _______ 走入陷阱 10．be _______ in a book埋头读书 11．a woman of great _______ 才女 12．_______ dependent上下文相关 13．_______ huge losses遭受巨额亏损 damage effort shelter trap buried wisdom context suffer 14．water _______ 水供应 15．_______ me on the shoulder拍我的肩膀 16．in case of (an) ___________ 紧急情况下 17．keep _______保持镇静 18．_______ goodbye to me挥手向我告别 19．_______ his head on the edge of the table 他的头碰在桌棱上 20．cause and _______ 因果关系 supply tap emergency calm wave strike effect Ⅱ.变形词汇 1．____ adj. 干的；口渴的 v．变干，弄干→_________ n．旱灾；久旱 2. ____vi. 去世；死亡→ _______ adj.无生命的；过时的→_______ n．死；死亡 3．_______ vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ _______ n．交付；分娩；递送 dry drought die dead death deliver delivery 4．_______ vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ ____________ n．折磨；苦难；[pl.]痛苦 5．_______ vi.存活；生存 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ _________ n．幸存→__________ n．幸存者 6．_______ n．结果；效果；影响→ ___________ adj.有效的；有影响的→ _______ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 suffer suffering survive survival survivor effect effective affect 7．______________ adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→_______ v．呼吸→_______ n．呼吸 8．_______ n．长度；长→ _________ v．加长→ _______ adj.长的 breathless breathe breath length lengthen long Ⅲ.拓展词汇 1．自然灾害 ①famine 饥荒 ②mudslide 泥石流 ③sandstorm 沙尘暴 ④earthquake 地震 ⑤wildfire 野火 ⑥snowstorm 暴风雪 ⑦avalanche 雪崩 ⑧hail 冰雹 2．“-ed/-ing”形容词集锦 ①amazing 令人惊奇的　amazed 吃惊的，惊奇的 ②disappointing 令人失望的　disappointed 感到失望的 ③frightening 令人恐惧的　frightened 受惊的 ④shocking 令人震惊的　shocked 感到震惊的 ⑤surprising 令人吃惊的　surprised 感到吃惊的 ⑥terrifying 令人害怕的　terrified 感到害怕的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．behave _______nothing has happened表现得若无其事 2．leave the area ________ 使这个地区满目疮痍 3．look at me ________ 吃惊地看着我 4． ___________ 总的来说 5． ________ kit急救箱 6．work out ________________ 在户外锻炼 7．have no cash ________ 手头没有现金 8． ______ swimmers ________ without warning毫无预兆地把游泳者冲走 as if in ruins in shock in summary first aid in the open air on hand sweep away Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．Chickens and even pigs ______________________ ，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too＋adj.＋to...太……而不能……) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。 2．___________________________________________! (as if...似乎/好像……) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ were too nervous to eat It seemed as if the world were coming to an end 3．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those ____________________and to bury the dead.(定语从句) 地震刚刚过去，部队就派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 who were trapped 4．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, _________________ _________________ in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 过去40年来最强烈的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。 killing more than 6，500 people 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a __________ (calm) effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our____________ (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. calming breath 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the __________ (survive) of our natural resources. 4．As a businesswoman，I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel ________ (affect)，customers can also drive you mad. 5．If you do，you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ________ (ruin) everyone's day. survival affection ruins Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and __________________________________ (许多人被困在废墟中). 2．During New Year，sweeping floors is forbidden as it may ________________________________ (扫走好运与财富). 3．The next morning，Tom __________________________ (像往常一样去上学). many people were trapped in ruins sweep away luck and fortune went to school as usual 4．Music was the one thing ________________ (我所能坚持的) when things got crazy. 5．If you run out of energy，________________________________ (在手边准备一些健康的零食) to give yourself a quick boost. I could hold on to keep some healthy snacks on hand Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持跑着，好像他已经忘记了自己所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。(as if) David insisted on running ___________________________________，though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses 2．上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 Last Monday，I ________________________________I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 3．有一天，我精疲力竭，迷惑不解，以至于无法集中精力听他的课。(too...to...) One day，I was ________________________________________ what he taught. was walking in the street when too exhausted and confused to concentrate on 核心考点 互动探究 1.affect vt.影响(influence)；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(make sb.have strong feelings of sadness，pity，etc.) ①The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives _____________(affect). ②Affected _____a high fever，he continued with his work. were affected with ③Think of the movies，books，teachers，and friends that have an effect ____ you most deeply. ④记住，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断力。(建议信) ________________________________________________________________________ on Keep in mind that blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment. (1)be affected by受……的影响； 被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 (2)effect n．作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 2.ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏(spoil or destroy completely) ①With time going on，the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely ____ ruins. ②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____________ (reduce) to ruins，the city took on a new look. ③He made a mistake，which ruined his chance of going abroad. →He made a mistake，_________________________________．(分词短语作结果状语) in being reduced ruining his chance of going abroad (1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 3.bury vt.(buried；buried；burying)埋葬，掩埋；安葬；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心 ①The adventurer believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city _______(bury) deep in the jungle.[外研选择性必修第四册] ②In the past three weeks，we have been burying ___________(we) in study because the exam is drawing near. buried ourselves ③David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms. →David still refused to look at me, ________________________．(现在分词短语作状语) →David still refused to look at me, __________________________． (with复合结构) →David still refused to look at me, __________________________．(独立主格结构) burying his head in his arms with his head buried in his arms his head buried in his arms ④当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。(读后续写之情感描写) __________________________________________________________ She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought沉思 [归纳拓展]　表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有： ①be absorbed/engaged in　②be devoted to　③be lost in　④focus on　⑤fix/concentrate one's attention on 4.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受(experience sth.unpleasant，such as injury，defeat or loss) vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 ①With no rain for over a year，the city is suffering ______unusually hot weather. ②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of __________ (suffer) during the war. from sufferings ③John has suffered from lung cancer for many years.He has decided to give up smoking. →__________________________________________________，John has decided to give up smoking.(分词短语作状语) Having suffered from lung cancer for many years (1)suffer from受……折磨；患……病 (2)suffering n．疼痛；苦难；[pl.]痛苦 sufferer n．受难者；患病者　 [实战贴士]　suffer 用作及物动词时，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语。suffer 用作不及物动词时，其后常接from。 5.supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt.(supplied；supplied；supplying)供应；供给 ①The natural resources，such as coal and oil，are ____short supply in this country. ②What happens when food and gasoline ___________(supply) run low? in supplies ③自地震发生以来，政府已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。(报道) a．The government ___________________________________the local people since the earthquake occurred. b．The government__________________________________________ _________________since the earthquake occurred. has supplied plenty of food and clothes to has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes (1)supply sth.to sb.＝supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物 (2)be in short supply短缺，供应不足 have a good supply of备有许多…… school/medical supplies学校/医疗用品　 [归纳拓展]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： ①provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for/to sb. ②offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. 6.survive vi.生存；存活(continue to live or exist)vt.幸存(remain alive)；艰难度过 ①_________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. ②As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband ____5 years. ③Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of _______(survive).[译林必修第三册] ④他竟然在大火中幸免于难，真是令人吃惊。 It was amazing that he ____________________________________． Survivors by survival should have survived the big fire (1)survive on靠……存活下来 survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺/活过来 survive from从……存活下来；流传下来 A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(……) (2)survivor n．幸存者 survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物 7.power n．电力供应；能量；力量(strength)；控制力 vt.驱动，提供动力 ①It's __________my power to get through the work in such a short time. ②Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty____________ (power). ③They have invented a new car，which __________(power) by solar batteries. beyond powerful is powered ④我将尽我所能为即将到来的期末考试做好准备。(普通书信) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ I'll do everything in/within my power to prepare well for the coming final exam. (1)be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态) come/rise to power上台，执政(表示动作) in/within one's power在某人的能力/权力范围之内 out of/beyond one's power超出某人的能力 (2)powerful adj.强有力的，强大的　 [归纳拓展]　表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有： ①do/try one's best to do sth.　②make every effort to do sth.　③spare no effort to do sth. 8.strike vi.& vt.(struck；struck/stricken；striking)侵袭(attack)；突击；击打(hit)n.罢工；罢课；袭击 ①_______ (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire it. ②Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion，one I'd strike ______my heart forever. Struck into ③Just before September，Miller ____________(strike) by a car and lost his right arm. ④____________________________ (我忽然想到) the phone number I had told them was wrong. ⑤结局让爱刻骨铭心。(读后续写之主旨升华) ___________________________________________ was struck It struck/occurred to/hit me that The ending strikes love into every heart. be struck by被……打动/迷住/侵袭了 It occurs to/hits/strikes sb.that...某人突然想起…… strike...into one's heart使……刻骨铭心 9.as if引导表语从句 [教材原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ ①The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she ________(be) their own mother. ②It seems as if you ______(be) really enthusiastic about Chinese culture.So I suggest you apply to Peking University，one of the best universities in China. were are ③Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he ___________ (do) something very clever. ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)我目瞪口呆地站在那里，脚像在地上扎了根一样，一动也不能动。 _________________________________________________________________________________ had done I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet，as if rooted to the ground，couldn't move a bit. (1)as if...意为“似乎/好像”，用在seem，look等后引导表语从句 (2)as if (＝as though)所引导的从句中的语气及时态： 10.be doing sth.when...“正在做某事，这时突然……” [教材原句]　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时水开始往我家里灌。 ①Seated in the classroom，I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly the light went out. →Seated in the classroom，I _______________________________ suddenly the light went out. was about to take my books out when ②她正沿着河岸走，突然她听到一阵呼救声。(读后续写之场景描写) _____________________________________________________________ ③我刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。(读后续写之场景描写) _____________________________________________________ She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help. I had just turned on the computer when my parents came back. (1)be about to do sth.when...＝be on the point of doing sth.when...正要做某事，这时突然…… (2)had (just) done sth.when...刚做完某事，这时突然…… 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2021·全国乙卷) Online learning itself has some imperfections，making it difficult for us not ______________(affect). 2．To test the effect of social influence ____ eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments. 3．How can you survive _____such a poor diet？Keeping slim doesn't make sense if you are not healthy. to be affected on on 4．The number of people infected with HIV may reach 15 million this year unless _______________(effect) measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease. 5．A storm packing 75 mph winds ___________(sweep) across the area last night. effective swept 6．It seemed as if the teachers participating in the race _________(be) younger. 7．I was watching TV ______my little brother burst in. 8．The child ran into the road suddenly and _________________(strike) by a motor. had been when was struck 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？____________ 2．(2022·全国乙卷) Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. ____________________ vt.吸收 n.连绵弯曲的地带 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. ____________ vt.达成 维度3　一句多译/句式升级 1．他埋头学习，不知道其他人已经离开了。(bury) ①_________________________，he didn't know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语) ②__________________________，he didn't know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语) ③___________________________________，he didn't know that all the others had left.(原因状语从句) Buried in his study Burying himself in his study Because he was buried in his study 2．我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。 ①We'll ___________________________，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best) ②We'll _______________________________________________，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort) try/do our best to help you make every effort to help you/spare no effort to help you 3．我年龄太小了，不理解这部电影的含义。 ①I was __________________________the meaning of the film.(too...to...) ②I was ______________I couldn't understand the meaning of the film.(so...that...) 4．He suffered defeat after defeat，and he began to lose faith in himself. →__________________________________________，he began to lose faith in himself.(分词短语作状语) too young to understand so young that Having suffered defeat after defeat 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 数年前，汶川爆发了一次大地震，给人们的生命和财产造成了巨大损失，似乎是世界末日的到来。但在政府的援助下，汶川恢复了生机。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 Several years ago, a great earthquake hit (用本单元词汇替换黑体词： ①______) Wenchuan, a city in Sichuan Province, and everyone was ②_______ (shock). About thirty percent of the buildings lay ③___ ruins. Most people suffered a great deal and many people were ④___________ (死亡或受伤). There was ⑤ _______electricity nor water. It seemed as if the world ⑥ ______(be) at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people (改为被动 struck shocked in dead or injured neither were 句：⑦____________________________________________________ ______________) and take the ⑧ _________(survive) to shelters in the open air. The helicopters delivered ⑨ __________________________ (各种物资). Some doctors and volunteers also came to their rescue. ⑩ ________________________________(多亏了他们的共同努力和智慧), the city began to breathe and revive itself. Rescue teams were organised immediately by the government to evacuate people survivors all kinds of/ a variety of supplies Thanks to their joint efforts and wisdom 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感描写 shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 in shock震惊；吃惊 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 动作描写 slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 aid vi.& vt.帮助；援助 n．援助；帮助；救援物资 crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 wave vi.& vt.挥手；招手 n．海浪；波浪 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 (2021·浙江1月卷，读后续写) 我的头陷入大南瓜里，我是如此震惊以至于我的喉咙发紧，膝盖发软，各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。我尝试把头从南瓜里拔出来，但是白费力气。我哥哥不顾我正在遭受的事情，他竟然咯咯地笑着轻拍南瓜。我爸爸咧嘴笑着，来帮助我，安慰地说，“保持镇静！”我被成功地营救了，一阵感激之情向我袭来，泪水像断了线的珠子一样滚下我的脸庞。 ______________________the huge pumpkin，I was __________ that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak，various terrible thoughts ______________________．I made every effort to pull my head out of it，but in vain.Ignoring ___________________________，my brother should tap the huge pumpkin，giggling.Grinning from ear to ear，my father _________________，saying comfortably，“___________！” I ________________________and _________________washed over me，tears trickling down my cheeks，like a broken line of beads. With my head trapped in in such shock flooding into my mind what I was suffering came to my aid Keep calm was successfully rescued a wave of gratitude [名篇品读] Before long，in spite of the storm，Cuicui falls asleep.When she wakes it is light and the rain has stopped，but runlets are racing down the hills into the stream.Her grandfather still seems fast asleep，so she gets up quietly and tiptoes out.Then the path in front of their door has become a small river of muddy water.Newly formed channels of water were everywhere.The vegetable garden is flooded.The water in the river has risen so high that it is already brimming over the pier，the ferry cable over the river to pull the boat is under water，and the ferryboat，previously tied up beneath the cliff，is nowhere to be found.The moment this does not worry her，for the cliff is still there after all.But as she looks behind their house，she finds that the white pagoda has gone! It has collapsed! She screams in terror for her grandfather.When he makes no answer，she dashes inside to shake him back and forth.Still he makes no sound.The old man has died as the storm died down. —The Border Town 不久，翠翠还是在暴风雨中睡着了。当她醒来的时候，天已经亮了，雨也停了，但是细流正从山上奔流而下，汇入小溪。爷爷似乎还在熟睡，所以她悄悄地起床，踮起脚尖走了出去。门前的小路变成了一条浑浊的小河。到处都是新形成的水渠。菜园被淹了。河水涨得如此之高，已经淹没了码头，用来拉船的渡船缆绳已经淹没在水中，而之前被绑在悬崖下的渡船已经不见踪影。此时此刻，她并不担心，因为悬崖毕竟还在那里。但是当她回头看他们的房子时，她发现白塔不见了！它倒塌了！她惊恐地喊叫着爷爷。当爷爷没有做任何应答时，她冲进去来回摇晃着他。他仍然没有发出任何声音。风暴平息时，老人已经去世了。 ——《边城》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖北武汉调研)When she returned home that year，she was given an enthusiastic welcome in the same hall.Many hands stretched out to her，and many cameras focused on her.A reporter with glasses kept pestering her with the question：What do you like best? She was wondering how to respond when she caught sight of a bunch of flowers.Then she said，“Flowers！” Following her remarks，more flowers were at once presented to her，too many for her to hold.During the past two years，she had participated in many international competitions and brought back one shining medal after another.What she got in return was all smiles，flowers and camera flashes.Was it because of this that she became preoccupied with winning? The more she won，the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing.So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure.The mind could control physical pains but could not free itself from mental strain easily. This time when she was a little off balance on the horizontal bar (单杠)，she became so worried that she lost self-control and fell off.This failure was followed by several more in other events.Afterwards in order to avoid people at the airport，she trailed along behind the team.She found that very few people greeted her and reporters seemed to shun her.However hard she tried，she couldn't turn the tide；she was a complete failure.Indeed，who would side with a failure? All of a sudden，she saw a pair of shoes in front of her.Who could it be? She raised her bent head slowly and saw a navy blue suit，long legs，and then a clear fair face.Before her stood the stewardess with her hands behind her back，speaking with a smile，“I watched your performance on the television.I knew you would come home today.So I am here especially to welcome you.” “I did very poorly，”she said and lowered her head again. “No.You did your best.” “But I failed.” “Nobody can avoid failure.I believe failure is as important to you as success.Failure belongs to the past，and victory is the future.” The stewardess's voice came gentle but firm. Hearing these words，the girl raised her head.The stewardess held out her hands from behind her back with a large bouquet of colorful flowers，and presented it to the girl.The strong fragrance seemed to turn into a magic，powerful current that went through her body.She was moved to tears.Flowers are usually given to victorious heroes.Why to the disgraced loser? 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了一个运动员既有成功，又有失败的故事。作者旨在告诉读者没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。 2 3 1 4 1．What does the underlined word“pestering”mean in paragraph 1? A．Greeting.　　　　　　　 B．Annoying. C．Inquiring. D．Concerning. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。明题意：本题问“第一段中的画线词‘pestering’是什么意思？”→寻线索：根据语境可知，她胜利归来，受到热烈欢迎，许多人向她伸出手来，许多相机对着她，一个戴眼镜的记者一直缠着她问：你最喜欢什么？→定答案：画线词应为“纠缠，烦扰”之意。 2 3 1 4 2．According to the text，what contributed to her winning medals before? A．She had received many smiles，flowers and camera flashes. B．She was passionate about walking on the horizontal bar. C．Her mind was free from excessive anxiety about failure. D．She was in good physical condition. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。明题意：本题问“根据文章，之前是什么促使她赢得奖牌？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的“The more she won...mental strain easily.”和第二段第一句可推知，她之前赢得奖牌的原因是她在思想上没有对失败的过度焦虑→定答案：C项“她的思想摆脱了对失败的过度焦虑”。 2 3 1 4 3．What may be her strongest emotion after she failed? A．Ashamed.　　　　　　 B．Stressed. C．Miserable. D．Grief-stricken. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Afterwards in order ...behind the team.”以及第四段中的“she said and lowered her head again”可推知，失败后，她最强烈的情感是羞愧。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the main message the writer tries to convey? A．Action is worry's worst enemy. B．The winners laugh and the losers weep. C．Excessive pressure will become a burden. D．Success is never final and failure is never fatal. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后两段可知，本文通过讲述一个运动员既有成功又有失败的故事表达了鲜花可以送英雄，但失败者也值得被尊重，即没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。 B (2023·湖北六校期中)Soot (煤烟) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit. “It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting.” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming. When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing.“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，这些年，人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，由此引发思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 5 6 7 8 5．What are the feelings expressed in Khan's words in paragraph 2? A．Doubt and concern. B．Confidence and courage. C．Anger and disappointment. D．Optimism and certainty. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据第二段中的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting.”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑炭足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。 5 6 7 8 6．Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica? A．Burnt plants. B．Tourist vehicles. C.Black carbon elsewhere. D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.”可知，南极洲煤烟的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。 5 6 7 8 7．What does Nagorski say about soot? A．It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise. B．It is increasing in amount because of wind. C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight. D．It is like a big mirror on Earth. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故选A。 5 6 7 8 8．What might Khan do in the future? A．Help design scientific research regulations. B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation. C．Collect more data about Antarctica. D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this ... for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中步行的好处。 (2023·山东青岛质检)The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter. Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3，000 and 4，000 steps daily doing everyday things —about 1.5 to 2 miles. 1 But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10，000 steps a day or about 5 miles.And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Combine walking with everyday routine. B．They will provide the same health benefits. C．What if counting results by miles isn't your thing? D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial. F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk. G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3，000 and 4，000 steps daily doing everyday things—about 1.5 to 2 miles.”可知，这里继续介绍每天走3 000到4 000步的好处——可以降低死亡风险。所以F项“That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk.”符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 2 You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead.“As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week，” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist.What's more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. 3 1 2 3 4 5 A．Combine walking with everyday routine. B．They will provide the same health benefits. C．What if counting results by miles isn't your thing? D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial. F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk. G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead.”可知，如果不喜欢用距离计算步行，也可以用时间来衡量。所以C项“What if counting results by miles isn't your thing？”符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 2 You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead.“As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week，” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist.What's more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10­minute sessions. 3 1 2 3 4 5 A．Combine walking with everyday routine. B．They will provide the same health benefits. C．What if counting results by miles isn't your thing? D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial. F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk. G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“What's more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions.”可知，不管是连续步行30分钟还是分成三个10分钟完成都能达到同样的健康好处。所以B项“They will provide the same health benefits.”符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one's daily routine.People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store's entrance when shopping. 4 Then walk the rest of the way home.All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Combine walking with everyday routine. B．They will provide the same health benefits. C．What if counting results by miles isn't your thing? D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial. F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk. G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“Then walk the rest of the way home.”可知，这里介绍日常生活中坐公共汽车可以提前一站下车，走着回家，达到步行锻炼的目的。所以D项“Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? ”符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem. 5 Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people.If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Combine walking with everyday routine. B．They will provide the same health benefits. C．What if counting results by miles isn't your thing? D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial. F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one's death risk. G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people.”可知，上下文是因果关系，说明步行免费的原因——不需要特殊的设备，也不需要会员资格。所以G项“Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training.”符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·山东潍坊期中)你校英文报Youth拟以“感恩父母”为主题向全校学生征文。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．父母的付出； 2．你的回报行动。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Gratitude to My Parents ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Gratitude to My Parents My parents are the ones loving me most in the world，who care about the details of my life，provide guidance for my growth，and offer timely help when necessary.In a word，I credit all that I have to them. In return for their devotion，I am willing to do whatever makes them feel loved.Being admitted into my dream university is on the top of the list.Further more，I will do my little bit，such as doing some housework and spending more time keeping them company. I am confident that，through my efforts，I can make them happier and even prouder of me one day. $$