专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（浙江名校模拟）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用) 第二期 专题05 说明文10篇 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates. During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch (音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 60s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades. There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to. Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past. 1．What change has taken place in pop music over the years? A．Denser notes. B．Bigger range of pitch. C．More complex rhythms. D．More diverse tone colors. 2．Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music? A．The difficulty in creating catchier tunes. B．The conventional patterns to enjoy music. C．The convenience of switching between songs. D．The need to balance increasingly intense beats. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past. B．Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody. C．Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety. D．Relationships between musical elements are invariable. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To prove a viewpoint. B．To remove some doubts. C．To illustrate a principle. D．To analyze a phenomenon. （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）There are functioning steam railways in other countries: tourists in France can go for a ride in Brittany; so can visitors travelling to the Dandenong Ranges in Australia. But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK’s, where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations. Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales, in1951, a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children’s television serial Ivor the Engine. On lines originally built for slate quarries (石板采石场), north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways, but they exist in all four nations of the UK, typically operating seasonal timetables in tourist areas. These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style. Some staff wear costumes too. Up to 95% of the 18. 5m journeys on heritage railways each year are taken by domestic tourists. They owe their popularity to a combination of nostalgia (怀旧), enjoyment of the countryside and enthusiasm for the old engines. Railways are expensive to run, and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true. This reliance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders. But heritage railways are a good example of what can be achieved by a combined paid and voluntary workforce. As well as the economic contribution that the railways make to rural areas, there is evidence that volunteering can have beneficial effects on people as well. The railways will need to respond, like the rest of the society, to environmental policies. The destructive impact of greenhouse gases is an obvious challenge to a sector that trades on an image of coal-powered transport. Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance, to bring emissions down, and some railways are active in wildlife conservation. There will need to be further adaptation down the line. That the railways don’t stand still has always been part of their appeal especially on rainy days in the summer holidays. 1．How are the UK’s steam railways different from other countries'? A．They are active across the countries. B．They serve as tourist attractions. C．They are mainly powered by steam. D．They use small amounts of energy. 2．Why does the author mention Ivor the Engine? A．To spread knowledge of the classic serial. B．To introduce the origin of steam engines. C．To show the popularity of steam railways. D．To share a childhood memory of travelling. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．Volunteers help to keep heritage railways alive. B．Economic growth depends on individual efforts. C．People can’t afford to travel by heritage railway. D．Local officials don’t use old means of transport. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards heritage railways? A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Negative. （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物) — an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago. The research, conducted by an international team of scientists and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, uncovers one of the few known instances where a single prey (猎物) was attacked by many predators. The sea cow, belonging to the extinct group Culebratherium, was first attacked by a crocodile. Evidence then shows that after the initial attack, the sea cow’s remains were searched by a tiger shark, a tooth of which was found near the unlucky animal’s neck. “Have you seen the Batman movie? There is a scene where he and Alfred are shooting bullets to try and figure out which specific type of bullet they are trying to find, ” said Benites-Palomino, lead author of the research. “Our research was conducted in exactly the same way. We have these experiments in the wild where predators are attacking their prey, and then afterwards we try to compare which is the best scene for what we’re finding there.” The find is particularly significant as it adds to the limited fossil record of multiple predators interacting with a single prey. Such interactions are common in today’s ecosystems, but are rarely documented in the fossil record, making this discovery an important piece of the puzzle in understanding ancient food webs. “We have been unsure as to which animals would have served this purpose as a food source for multiple predators. Our previous research has identified sperm whales searched by several shark species, and this new research highlights the importance of sea cows within the food chain, ” Benites- Palomino said in a statement. The digging, directed by Marcelo Sanchez- Villagra, head of the Palaeontological Institute and Museum in Zurich, Switzerland, was both challenging and rewarding. The site was initially discovered by a local farmer who spotted unusual rocks, inspiring the team to investigate further and eventually unearth the sea cow fossils. 1．What do we know about the prehistoric sea cow? A．It reached the top of food chains. B．It is thought to have complex teeth. C．It belongs to an endangered species. D．It was attacked by two different animals. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The scene of animal fights. B．The method of the research. C．The introduction of a movie. D．The danger of the experiments. 3．What does the importance of the study lie in? A．Challenging the current ecosystems. B．Offering insights into ancient food webs. C．Clarifying the misunderstanding of sea cows. D．Figuring out the link between man and nature. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Batman Movie Inspired a Research B．A Puzzle in Complex Ancient Food Chains C．Shark and Crocodile Ate Unlucky Sea Cow D．An Important Biological Discovery of a Farmer （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes — like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option — could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub-categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like-for-like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much-needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded pro f Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C．To give supporting details for the writer’s argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. 2．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 3．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor of Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D．Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, has won much recognition as an architect and environmentalist. When Lari was young, she had an unconventional upbringing. Her father was a progressive civil service officer who often talked about the housing crisis and need for architects, which impressed Lari greatly. At age 17, she was admitted to the architecture school at Oxford Brookes University as one of only five women in the class. After graduation, as her buildings rose, Lari’s renown grew. She held senior positions in national and international architectural groups. “It was a very heady experience,” she says. Yet she found ways to stay grounded. Soon the discomfort with commercial projects grew in her — with their creative freedom, large budgets and luxurious materials. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials when millions had limited access to housing, sanitation (公共卫生) and water. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says, “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.” In 2013, when Lari was giving a tour of a village that had been rebuilt after destructive floods, she watched the villagers show off the buildings she had designed. “Our old buildings used to leak when it rained, but these stay dry inside,” one villager told Lari. Pakistan’s location and melting glaciers place it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change. Lari’s shelters, made with local sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime, can better withstand disasters. Her insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still working on zero-carbon designs and self-sustaining villages. When she accepted the Royal Institute of British Architects Gold Medal, she said, the honour “has strengthened my mission”. 1．What made Lari take an interest in architecture? A．Shortage of female architects. B．Traditional parenting values. C．Her father’s influence in childhood. D．Admission to an architecture school. 2．Which statement about architects may Lari agree with? A．They should center on the well-being of the general public. B．They should spend millions of dollars in fashioning buildings. C．They should be a hundred percent committed to their mission. D．They should use luxurious materials to display their creativity. 3．What did the villager think of the house designed by Lari? A．Cost-effective. B．Material-saving. C．Water-proof. D．Eco-friendly. 4．What was her mission according to Lari? A．To call for zero-carbon lifestyles. B．To help poor people build houses. C．To develop sustainable construction materials. D．To construct environmentally-friendly buildings. （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）For people who never complain about the cold, can take or leave showers and would get used to noises, ideal jobs have come up. A heritage charity is advertising vacancies at the bottom of the world. Based in Antarctica, successful applicants will have to adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet or running water. But what incredible upsides: penguins and breathtaking landscapes in the polar area. The UK Antarctic heritage Trust said it was seeking“ passionate adventurers ready to take on the challenge of a lifetime” in jobs that included managing a museum, post office and gift shop as well as conducting penguin counts. Those selected will live and work at Base A at Port Lockroy on Goudier Island. Bridie Martin-West, a 33-year-old midwife, is the current base leader. She said. “We get the wonder of seeing humpback and minke whales go past. On one side of the island we have the most majestic mountain range and on the other side we’ve got a glacier with icebergs. It is really raw nature and stunningly beautiful.” The team arrived on the island at the same time as gentoo penguins for their breeding season. The penguins are known for their loud, head-back trumpet call, but Martin-West said, “Having come from living in London it is still much quieter here…” A typical evening might be watching films, playing board games or carrying on an Antarctic tradition of people giving presentations on subjects they know something about. Applications were opened yesterday to UK residents, with training beginning in August. There will be interviews and selection events before then. Martin-West recalled being asked to put up tents blindfold while wearing oven gloves. She said, “The training was like a cross between boot camp and a reality TV show. It is very full on. It is a lot of work, some of which is quite physical.” 1．What is the meaning of the underlined word “upsides”? A．Changes. B．Advantages. C．Opportunities. D．Challenges. 2．What can you learn from Paragraph 4? A．Martin-West preferred to stay in London. B．London is a noisy place compared to the island. C．Martin-West struggled to get used to life at Base A． D．The noise in Antarctica is unbearable for Martin-West. 3．Which word best describes the job mentioned in the text? A．Respectable. B．Profitable. C．Effortless. D．Demanding. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Adventurers are called on to enjoy endless fun. B．Antarctic jobs concerning penguins are easy. C．Unique Antarctic Jobs with highlights are waiting for adventurers. D．The chance has come for people to explore the cold and wild world. （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the past few years, the health and wellness industry has experienced a significant boom, driven in part by the pandemic prompting individuals to prioritize their well-being. This surge has led to a notable increase in the interest surrounding vitamins and supplements. Sales of dietary supplements in the US surged by 50% between 2018 and 2020, amounting to over $220 billion in 2020 as revealed by a study published in the journal Nutrients. Amid this trend, social media influencers are actively promoting various vitamins and supplements as a quick fix for various health issues. Vitamins and supplements can be a beneficial addition to a person’s health and wellness routine — if used and obtained correctly. However, experts caution that this promotion can sometimes perpetuate misinformation and potentially lead to harmful health consequences due to blanket statements lacking scientific backing. Dietitian Caroline Thomason warns against blanket recommendations, emphasizing the importance of personalized advice. The question of “What vitamins should I take?” lacks a one-size-fits-all answer. Navigating the world of vitamins requires individualized guidance. Experts recommend consulting a primary care physician or dietitian. Conducting blood tests to assess vitamin levels is crucial before determining specific supplement needs. Personalized recommendations are essential as there is no universal approach to vitamin intake. If you don’t have a deficiency, prioritizing a diverse diet to meet your nutritional needs rather than relying solely on supplements is advisable. It’s vital to exercise caution when considering daily vitamin intake. Certain vitamins, such as fat- soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, along with minerals like iron and calcium, should not be consumed regularly without professional guidance. Excessive intake of these nutrients without a deficiency can lead to toxicity and adverse interactions. It’s vital to be aware of potential health risks, including liver damage, high calcium levels, bleeding, and kidney stones, which may arise from improper supplements. In conclusion, while vitamins and supplements can enhance one’s health routine when used appropriately, excessive intake without medical supervision can pose serious health risks. Individualized guidance from healthcare professionals is essential to ensure optimal well-being and avoid potential complications. 1．Why do experts caution against blanket recommendations for vitamin intake? A．Because they are gaining popularity. B．Because they lack scientific evidence. C．Because they are personalized suggestions. D．Because they are influenced by social media. 2．What is emphasized as essential before deciding specific supplements needed? A．Consulting social media influencers. B．Increasing vitamin intake. C．Using universal approaches. D．Taking blood tests. 3．According to the text, what does the underlined term “deficiency” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A treatment plan B．Lack of vitamins C．An inadequate diet D．Intake of supplements 4．What does this passage mainly focus on? A．Potential risks of improper diet B．Influencer culture in the wellness industry C．Dietary guidelines for ideal health D．Importance of tailored supplement consumption （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Mountain chickadees (山雀) have some of the strongest spacial memories in the animal kingdom. New research reveals the genes involved and sheds light on how a changing climate may influence the evolution of this particular skill. In a new study, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Nevada, Reno identify nearly a hundred genes associated with the birds’ spacial memory, or ability to recall the locations of objects. The paper also suggests a potential balance may exist between having a solid long- term memory and being able to quickly remove old memories to form new ones. Taylor, the director of CU Boulder’s Mountain Research Station and his associates at the University of Nevada, Reno, lead by biologist professor Vladimir Pravosudov, designed a novel technique to assess the spacial memory of wild mountain chickadees. They hung various feeder groups in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains, each with eight seed-filled bird feeders. Each feeder has a gate equipped with a radio frequency reader capable of detecting a tag placed on chickadees by researchers. The scientists then configured (设定) each gate to only open to specific birds, forcing the chickadees to remember which feeders would open to them. Pravosudov and his team then counted how many times each chickadee landed on the wrong feeders before they recalled the right one. Using blood samples, the CU Boulder team sequenced (测定序列) the whole genome of 162 tagged chickadees, resulting in the largest database ever collected for examining the genetic basis of chickade’s cognitive ability. The team discovered 97 genes involved in chickadee spacial learning and memory by comparing the birds’ genomes to their performance on the feeder test. The findings could help biologists better understand the evolution of spacial memory in animals, including humans. “Chickadees are impressive birds,” said Scott Taylor. “They can remember tens of thousands of locations where they store food across an entire winter and a new set of those the next winter. Their spacial memory is much more developed than many other birds that don’t have to have this strategy to survive cold winters.” 1．What do we know about mountain chickadees’ spacial memories? A．They are linked with a hundred relevant genes. B．They maintain a good balance in locating objects. C．They are considered powerful in the animal world. D．They might account for the slow change of climate. 2．What can a radio frequency reader do in the test? A．Lower the error rate of the chickadees. B．Count the times each chickadee failed. C．Collect the food information of a feeder. D．Identify the chickadee landing on a feeder. 3．What does paragraph 4 focus on about the study? A．Blood sampling. B．Genes involved. C．Ability comparing. D．Data gathered. 4．What does Scott Taylor imply in the last paragraph? A．Chickadees possess amazing evolutionary capability. B．Many other birds should improve their spacial memory. C．Food storage is vital to the survival of animals in winter. D．Chickadees’ spacial memory carries them through winter. （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. “What we’ve done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he’s set his sights on Qatar. Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar’s tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar’s financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories. But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar’s hot climate, Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to “reinvent the tall building.” The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine- grade” aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low- scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 1．According to Foster’s concept, what should tall buildings be like? A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical. 2．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers? A．They will function as a global financial center. B．They are expected to be Qartar’s tallest building. C．They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece. D．They have four blocks with the same style and height. 3．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate? A．Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum. B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material. C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins. D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation. 4．What’s the goal of “low- scale master plan”? A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 1．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 2．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 4．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用) 第二期 专题05 说明文10篇 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates. During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch (音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 60s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades. There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to. Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past. 1．What change has taken place in pop music over the years? A．Denser notes. B．Bigger range of pitch. C．More complex rhythms. D．More diverse tone colors. 2．Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music? A．The difficulty in creating catchier tunes. B．The conventional patterns to enjoy music. C．The convenience of switching between songs. D．The need to balance increasingly intense beats. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past. B．Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody. C．Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety. D．Relationships between musical elements are invariable. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To prove a viewpoint. B．To remove some doubts. C．To illustrate a principle. D．To analyze a phenomenon. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了流行音乐经历了一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变，本文介绍了转变的具体方面并分析其原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. (与此同时，“音符密度”——音乐中每一秒钟的音符数量——也有了戏剧性的增加)”可知，多年来，流行音乐中高密度音符发生了变化。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. (另一种解释指出了音乐消费格局的变化。在一个流媒体和社交媒体的时代，听众可以在几秒钟内跳到下一首歌曲，创作出能够立即吸引注意力的曲调可能会有更大的压力)”可知，在歌曲之间切换的便利可能导致流行音乐的革命。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second  tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that  modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the  past.(例如，在2000年后的流行歌曲中，每秒音符更多的旋律在音高变化方面往往不那么复杂。这表明现代流行歌曲创作可能比过去遵循更严格的模式)”可推知，流行歌曲创作在过去可能更加灵活。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? (从20世纪50年代的摇摆节奏到今天的自动调音挂钩，流行音乐经历了一个显著的转变。但究竟是什么发生了变化，我们又该如何衡量呢？)”以及后文对流行音乐经历的一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变的具体方面和原因进行介绍和分析。由此推知，本文的目的是分析一种现象。故选D。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）There are functioning steam railways in other countries: tourists in France can go for a ride in Brittany; so can visitors travelling to the Dandenong Ranges in Australia. But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK’s, where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations. Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales, in1951, a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children’s television serial Ivor the Engine. On lines originally built for slate quarries (石板采石场), north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways, but they exist in all four nations of the UK, typically operating seasonal timetables in tourist areas. These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style. Some staff wear costumes too. Up to 95% of the 18. 5m journeys on heritage railways each year are taken by domestic tourists. They owe their popularity to a combination of nostalgia (怀旧), enjoyment of the countryside and enthusiasm for the old engines. Railways are expensive to run, and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true. This reliance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders. But heritage railways are a good example of what can be achieved by a combined paid and voluntary workforce. As well as the economic contribution that the railways make to rural areas, there is evidence that volunteering can have beneficial effects on people as well. The railways will need to respond, like the rest of the society, to environmental policies. The destructive impact of greenhouse gases is an obvious challenge to a sector that trades on an image of coal-powered transport. Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance, to bring emissions down, and some railways are active in wildlife conservation. There will need to be further adaptation down the line. That the railways don’t stand still has always been part of their appeal especially on rainy days in the summer holidays. 1．How are the UK’s steam railways different from other countries'? A．They are active across the countries. B．They serve as tourist attractions. C．They are mainly powered by steam. D．They use small amounts of energy. 2．Why does the author mention Ivor the Engine? A．To spread knowledge of the classic serial. B．To introduce the origin of steam engines. C．To show the popularity of steam railways. D．To share a childhood memory of travelling. 3．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．Volunteers help to keep heritage railways alive. B．Economic growth depends on individual efforts. C．People can’t afford to travel by heritage railway. D．Local officials don’t use old means of transport. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards heritage railways? A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Negative. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了其他国家也有运营的蒸汽铁路，但英国的遗产铁路业最为活跃。这些铁路不仅是旅游热点，还承载着怀旧情感和对老式机车的热爱。它们依赖志愿者和付费员工的共同努力来维持运营，并对乡村经济做出贡献。同时，铁路部门也在积极适应环境政策，减少排放，参与野生动物保护，展现出不断进取的精神。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK’s, where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations.(但没有一个国家的遗产铁路业能与英国相提并论，英国拥有超过170项服务，跨越约600英里的轨道，途经460个车站)”可知，英国的蒸汽铁路在全国都很活跃。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales, in1951, a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children’s television serial Ivor the Engine. On lines originally built for slate quarries (石板采石场), north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways(1951年，威尔士北部塔尔利林的第一条此类铁路开通后仅几年，一部以虚构的威尔士蒸汽机车为主角的儿童电视连续剧《Ivor the Engine》便问世了。在原本为石板采石场修建的铁路线上，威尔士北部至今仍拥有规模最大的蒸汽铁路群)”可推知，作者提到《Ivor the Engine》是为了展示蒸汽铁路的受欢迎程度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Railways are expensive to run, and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true. This reliance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders.(铁路运营成本高昂，而早期的蒸汽机车保护爱好者们认识到，要实现复兴的梦想，他们需要志愿者。这种对志愿者的依赖部分原因是地方当局和其他资助者削减了预算)”可推知，志愿者帮助保持遗产铁路的活力。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style.(这些铁路是活生生的博物馆，车站装饰着时代风格)”和文章最后一段“Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance, to bring emissions down, and some railways are active in wildlife conservation. There will need to be further adaptation down the line.(电动铁路机车正被用于维护工作以减少排放，一些铁路公司也在积极参与野生动物保护。未来还需要沿着这一方向进行更多的适应性调整)”可推知，作者对遗产铁路持有赞赏的态度。故选C。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物) — an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago. The research, conducted by an international team of scientists and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, uncovers one of the few known instances where a single prey (猎物) was attacked by many predators. The sea cow, belonging to the extinct group Culebratherium, was first attacked by a crocodile. Evidence then shows that after the initial attack, the sea cow’s remains were searched by a tiger shark, a tooth of which was found near the unlucky animal’s neck. “Have you seen the Batman movie? There is a scene where he and Alfred are shooting bullets to try and figure out which specific type of bullet they are trying to find, ” said Benites-Palomino, lead author of the research. “Our research was conducted in exactly the same way. We have these experiments in the wild where predators are attacking their prey, and then afterwards we try to compare which is the best scene for what we’re finding there.” The find is particularly significant as it adds to the limited fossil record of multiple predators interacting with a single prey. Such interactions are common in today’s ecosystems, but are rarely documented in the fossil record, making this discovery an important piece of the puzzle in understanding ancient food webs. “We have been unsure as to which animals would have served this purpose as a food source for multiple predators. Our previous research has identified sperm whales searched by several shark species, and this new research highlights the importance of sea cows within the food chain, ” Benites- Palomino said in a statement. The digging, directed by Marcelo Sanchez- Villagra, head of the Palaeontological Institute and Museum in Zurich, Switzerland, was both challenging and rewarding. The site was initially discovered by a local farmer who spotted unusual rocks, inspiring the team to investigate further and eventually unearth the sea cow fossils. 1．What do we know about the prehistoric sea cow? A．It reached the top of food chains. B．It is thought to have complex teeth. C．It belongs to an endangered species. D．It was attacked by two different animals. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The scene of animal fights. B．The method of the research. C．The introduction of a movie. D．The danger of the experiments. 3．What does the importance of the study lie in? A．Challenging the current ecosystems. B．Offering insights into ancient food webs. C．Clarifying the misunderstanding of sea cows. D．Figuring out the link between man and nature. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Batman Movie Inspired a Research B．A Puzzle in Complex Ancient Food Chains C．Shark and Crocodile Ate Unlucky Sea Cow D．An Important Biological Discovery of a Farmer 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了一项关于史前海牛的研究，这种海牛被两种不同的捕食者捕食，提供了对数百万年前复杂食物链的罕见见解。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物) — an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago.(一项新的研究表明，史前海牛是两种不同捕食者的目标——一种古代鳄鱼和一种虎鲨，这为数百万年前复杂的食物链提供了难得的见解)”可知，史前海牛被两种不同的动物攻击。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段““Have you seen the Batman movie? There is a scene where he and Alfred are shooting bullets to try and figure out which specific type of bullet they are trying to find, ” said Benites-Palomino, lead author of the research. “Our research was conducted in exactly the same way. We have these experiments in the wild where predators are attacking their prey, and then afterwards we try to compare which is the best scene for what we’re finding there.”(“你看过蝙蝠侠电影吗？有一个场景，他和阿尔弗雷德正在射击子弹，试图找出他们试图找到的特定类型的子弹，”该研究的主要作者贝尼特斯-帕洛米诺说。“我们的研究是以完全相同的方式进行的。我们在捕食者攻击猎物的野外进行了这些实验，然后我们试图比较哪种场景最适合我们在那里发现的东西。”)”可知，第三段主要讲了研究的方法。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The find is particularly significant as it adds to the limited fossil record of multiple predators interacting with a single prey. Such interactions are common in today’s ecosystems, but are rarely documented in the fossil record, making this discovery an important piece of the puzzle in understanding ancient food webs.(这一发现意义重大，因为它增加了有限的多种捕食者与单一猎物相互作用的化石记录。这种相互作用在今天的生态系统中很常见，但很少有化石记录，这使得这一发现成为理解古代食物网的重要拼图)”可知，这项研究的重要性在于提供对古代食物网的见解。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物) — an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago.(一项新的研究表明，史前海牛是两种不同捕食者的目标——一种古代鳄鱼和一种虎鲨，这为数百万年前复杂的食物链提供了难得的见解)”结合本文主要讨论了一项关于史前海牛的研究，这种海牛被两种不同的捕食者捕食，提供了对数百万年前复杂食物链的罕见见解。故C选项“鲨鱼和鳄鱼吃了倒霉的海牛”符合文章标题。故选C。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes — like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option — could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub-categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like-for-like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much-needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded pro f Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C．To give supporting details for the writer’s argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. 2．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 3．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor of Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D．Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options.(首席作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士说：“如果我们想要达到全球排放目标，特别是在像澳大利亚、英国和美国这样的高收入国家，饮食习惯需要发生重大变化。”然而，尽管消费者越来越意识到食品系统对环境的影响，但他们缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择)”可知，第二段引用了研究的主要作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士的话，并提到消费者缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择，为接下来的研究细节和ecoSwitch应用程序的介绍做了铺垫。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.(超过22,000种产品被分配到了主要、次要和子类别的食品(例如“面包和烘焙”、“面包”和“白面包”)以量化通过在同一类别内或跨类别更换产品所节省的排放量)”可知，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了测量更换产品所节省的排放量。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions).(基于这项研究，目前在澳大利亚已经开发出了一款名为ecoSwitch的免费应用程序。购物者可以使用他们的设备扫描产品的条形码，并检查其‘行星健康评级’，这是一个衡量其排放的指标，以半颗星(高排放)到五颗星(低排放)之间的评分表示)”可知，ecoSwitch是一款免费的应用程序，它允许购物者扫描产品的条形码并检查其“行星健康评级”，从而帮助他们做出更加环保的食物购买决定。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文及文章第一段“Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food . Making bigger changes—like swapping a frozen meat lasagne for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%.(根据澳大利亚乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新研究，将食物和饮料购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品可以减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放超过四分之一(26%)。进行更大的改变——比如用素食选项替换冷冻肉酱宽面条——可以将减排量提高到高达71%)”可知，文章主要讨论的是通过替换相似但更环保的食物选项来减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放的可能性，故C项“食物替换——一种环境可持续性的方式”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, has won much recognition as an architect and environmentalist. When Lari was young, she had an unconventional upbringing. Her father was a progressive civil service officer who often talked about the housing crisis and need for architects, which impressed Lari greatly. At age 17, she was admitted to the architecture school at Oxford Brookes University as one of only five women in the class. After graduation, as her buildings rose, Lari’s renown grew. She held senior positions in national and international architectural groups. “It was a very heady experience,” she says. Yet she found ways to stay grounded. Soon the discomfort with commercial projects grew in her — with their creative freedom, large budgets and luxurious materials. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials when millions had limited access to housing, sanitation (公共卫生) and water. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says, “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.” In 2013, when Lari was giving a tour of a village that had been rebuilt after destructive floods, she watched the villagers show off the buildings she had designed. “Our old buildings used to leak when it rained, but these stay dry inside,” one villager told Lari. Pakistan’s location and melting glaciers place it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change. Lari’s shelters, made with local sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime, can better withstand disasters. Her insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still working on zero-carbon designs and self-sustaining villages. When she accepted the Royal Institute of British Architects Gold Medal, she said, the honour “has strengthened my mission”. 1．What made Lari take an interest in architecture? A．Shortage of female architects. B．Traditional parenting values. C．Her father’s influence in childhood. D．Admission to an architecture school. 2．Which statement about architects may Lari agree with? A．They should center on the well-being of the general public. B．They should spend millions of dollars in fashioning buildings. C．They should be a hundred percent committed to their mission. D．They should use luxurious materials to display their creativity. 3．What did the villager think of the house designed by Lari? A．Cost-effective. B．Material-saving. C．Water-proof. D．Eco-friendly. 4．What was her mission according to Lari? A．To call for zero-carbon lifestyles. B．To help poor people build houses. C．To develop sustainable construction materials. D．To construct environmentally-friendly buildings. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是巴基斯坦首位女性建筑师Yasmeen Lari的成就与贡献。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Her father was a progressive civil service officer who often talked about the housing crisis and need for architects, which impressed Lari greatly.(她的父亲是一位进步的公务员，经常谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求，这给Lari留下了深刻的印象。)”可知，让Lari对建筑产生了兴趣的是她父亲在她童年对她的影响。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says, “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”(“建筑师不能再只为那1%的人工作了，”她说，“这让他们无法尽其所能为人类服务。”)”可知，Lari可能同意的说法是他们应该以公众的福祉为中心。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Our old buildings used to leak when it rained, but these stay dry inside,” one villager told Lari.(一位村民告诉Lari：“以前下雨时，我们的老房子会漏水，但这些房子里面是干燥的。”)”可知，村民认为Lari设计的房子是防水的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet.(她对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。)”可知，Lari说她的使命是建设环保建筑。故选D。 （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）For people who never complain about the cold, can take or leave showers and would get used to noises, ideal jobs have come up. A heritage charity is advertising vacancies at the bottom of the world. Based in Antarctica, successful applicants will have to adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet or running water. But what incredible upsides: penguins and breathtaking landscapes in the polar area. The UK Antarctic heritage Trust said it was seeking“ passionate adventurers ready to take on the challenge of a lifetime” in jobs that included managing a museum, post office and gift shop as well as conducting penguin counts. Those selected will live and work at Base A at Port Lockroy on Goudier Island. Bridie Martin-West, a 33-year-old midwife, is the current base leader. She said. “We get the wonder of seeing humpback and minke whales go past. On one side of the island we have the most majestic mountain range and on the other side we’ve got a glacier with icebergs. It is really raw nature and stunningly beautiful.” The team arrived on the island at the same time as gentoo penguins for their breeding season. The penguins are known for their loud, head-back trumpet call, but Martin-West said, “Having come from living in London it is still much quieter here…” A typical evening might be watching films, playing board games or carrying on an Antarctic tradition of people giving presentations on subjects they know something about. Applications were opened yesterday to UK residents, with training beginning in August. There will be interviews and selection events before then. Martin-West recalled being asked to put up tents blindfold while wearing oven gloves. She said, “The training was like a cross between boot camp and a reality TV show. It is very full on. It is a lot of work, some of which is quite physical.” 1．What is the meaning of the underlined word “upsides”? A．Changes. B．Advantages. C．Opportunities. D．Challenges. 2．What can you learn from Paragraph 4? A．Martin-West preferred to stay in London. B．London is a noisy place compared to the island. C．Martin-West struggled to get used to life at Base A． D．The noise in Antarctica is unbearable for Martin-West. 3．Which word best describes the job mentioned in the text? A．Respectable. B．Profitable. C．Effortless. D．Demanding. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Adventurers are called on to enjoy endless fun. B．Antarctic jobs concerning penguins are easy. C．Unique Antarctic Jobs with highlights are waiting for adventurers. D．The chance has come for people to explore the cold and wild world. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南极独特的、有亮点的工作机会正在等待冒险者。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Based in Antarctica, successful applicants will have to adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet or running water.(成功的申请者将驻扎在南极，他们必须适应近乎持续的日光、零度以下的温度和没有冲水厕所或自来水的环境。)”和but可知，上文提到在南极做志愿者的缺点，转折之后应该是南极的工作有很多不可思议的优点，包括企鹅和极地地区令人叹为观止的风景。upside在这里指的是这些工作的优点或优势，与B项advantages（优点）意思一致。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Having come from living in London it is still much quieter here…(从伦敦来到这里，这里仍然要安静得多……)”可知，Martin-West从伦敦来，但岛上仍然比伦敦安静得多，这暗示了伦敦是一个比岛屿更嘈杂的地方。因此，我们可以从第四段得知伦敦比岛屿更嘈杂。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Applications were opened yesterday to UK residents, with training beginning in August. There will be interviews and selection events before then. Martin-West recalled being asked to put up tents blindfold while wearing oven gloves.( 昨天开始向英国居民开放申请，培训将于8月开始。在此之前将进行面试和选拔活动。Martin-West回忆说，她曾被要求戴着眼罩，戴着烤箱手套搭帐篷。)”可知，申请者需要进行培训和面试，其中包括戴着眼罩穿着烤箱手套搭帐篷等体力活动，说明这份工作对申请者的要求很高，因此最能描述这份工作的词是demanding（要求高的）。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章开头就提到“For people who never complain about the cold, can take or leave showers and would get used to noises, ideal jobs have come up(对于那些不怕冷、能洗澡也能适应噪音的人来说，理想的工作机会已经到来。)”，接下来文章介绍了南极的遗产慈善机构正在招聘志愿者，这些工作位于南极，需要适应极端的环境，但也有很多独特的优点，如看到企鹅和壮丽的极地景观。因此，文章主要讲述了南极独特的、有亮点的工作机会正在等待冒险者。因此，C选项：Unique Antarctic Jobs with highlights are waiting for adventurers(独特的南极工作机会正在等待冒险者)是正确答案。故选C。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the past few years, the health and wellness industry has experienced a significant boom, driven in part by the pandemic prompting individuals to prioritize their well-being. This surge has led to a notable increase in the interest surrounding vitamins and supplements. Sales of dietary supplements in the US surged by 50% between 2018 and 2020, amounting to over $220 billion in 2020 as revealed by a study published in the journal Nutrients. Amid this trend, social media influencers are actively promoting various vitamins and supplements as a quick fix for various health issues. Vitamins and supplements can be a beneficial addition to a person’s health and wellness routine — if used and obtained correctly. However, experts caution that this promotion can sometimes perpetuate misinformation and potentially lead to harmful health consequences due to blanket statements lacking scientific backing. Dietitian Caroline Thomason warns against blanket recommendations, emphasizing the importance of personalized advice. The question of “What vitamins should I take?” lacks a one-size-fits-all answer. Navigating the world of vitamins requires individualized guidance. Experts recommend consulting a primary care physician or dietitian. Conducting blood tests to assess vitamin levels is crucial before determining specific supplement needs. Personalized recommendations are essential as there is no universal approach to vitamin intake. If you don’t have a deficiency, prioritizing a diverse diet to meet your nutritional needs rather than relying solely on supplements is advisable. It’s vital to exercise caution when considering daily vitamin intake. Certain vitamins, such as fat- soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, along with minerals like iron and calcium, should not be consumed regularly without professional guidance. Excessive intake of these nutrients without a deficiency can lead to toxicity and adverse interactions. It’s vital to be aware of potential health risks, including liver damage, high calcium levels, bleeding, and kidney stones, which may arise from improper supplements. In conclusion, while vitamins and supplements can enhance one’s health routine when used appropriately, excessive intake without medical supervision can pose serious health risks. Individualized guidance from healthcare professionals is essential to ensure optimal well-being and avoid potential complications. 1．Why do experts caution against blanket recommendations for vitamin intake? A．Because they are gaining popularity. B．Because they lack scientific evidence. C．Because they are personalized suggestions. D．Because they are influenced by social media. 2．What is emphasized as essential before deciding specific supplements needed? A．Consulting social media influencers. B．Increasing vitamin intake. C．Using universal approaches. D．Taking blood tests. 3．According to the text, what does the underlined term “deficiency” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A treatment plan B．Lack of vitamins C．An inadequate diet D．Intake of supplements 4．What does this passage mainly focus on? A．Potential risks of improper diet B．Influencer culture in the wellness industry C．Dietary guidelines for ideal health D．Importance of tailored supplement consumption 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，文章介绍了维生素和补充剂在健康和保健行业中的增长趋势，以及社交媒体影响者对它们的推广可能导致的误解和潜在健康风险。文章强调了个性化建议的重要性，并警告过度摄入某些维生素和矿物质可能带来的健康问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, experts caution that this promotion can sometimes perpetuate misinformation and potentially lead to harmful health consequences due to blanket statements lacking scientific backing.（然而，专家警告说，这种推广有时会传播错误信息，并可能导致有害的健康后果，因为一概而论的说法缺乏科学依据。）”可知，专家警告不要对维生素摄入进行一概而论的推荐，因为这些推荐缺乏科学依据。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Conducting blood tests to assess vitamin levels is crucial before determining specific supplement needs.（在确定特定补充剂需求之前，进行血液测试以评估维生素水平至关重要。）”可知，在决定特定补充剂需求之前，强调进行血液测试是必要的。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Personalized recommendations are essential as there is no universal approach to vitamin intake.(个性化推荐至关重要，因为维生素摄入没有通用的方法)”以及“If you don’t have a …, prioritizing a diverse diet to meet your nutritional needs rather than relying solely on supplements is advisable.（如果你没有……，建议优先考虑多样化饮食以满足你的营养需求，而不是仅仅依赖补充剂。）”可知，建议优先考虑多样化饮食以满足你的营养需求，所以这指的地维生素不缺乏的情况下。所以“deficiency”指的是维生素的缺乏。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Over the past few years, the health and wellness industry has experienced a significant boom, driven in part by the pandemic prompting individuals to prioritize their well-being. This surge has led to a notable increase in the interest surrounding vitamins and supplements. Sales of dietary supplements in the US surged by 50% between 2018 and 2020, amounting to over $220 billion in 2020 as revealed by a study published in the journal Nutrients.( 在过去几年中，健康和保健行业经历了显著的增长，部分原因是疫情促使人们更加重视自己的健康。这种增长导致人们对维生素和补充剂的兴趣显著增加。根据《营养》杂志发表的一项研究，美国膳食补充剂的销售额在2018年至2020年间激增了50%，2020年达到了超过2200亿美元)”以及最后一段“In conclusion, while vitamins and supplements can enhance one’s health routine when used appropriately, excessive intake without medical supervision can pose serious health risks. Individualized guidance from healthcare professionals is essential to ensure optimal well-being and avoid potential complications(总之，尽管维生素和补充剂在适当使用时可以增强健康，但未经医疗监督的过量摄入可能会带来严重的健康风险。获得医疗保健专业人士的个性化指导对于确保最佳健康和避免潜在并发症至关重要)”可知，文章主要讨论了维生素和补充剂的摄入问题，强调了个性化建议的重要性，以及在没有医疗监督的情况下过量摄入可能导致的健康风险。因此，这篇文章主要关注的是定制补充剂消费的重要性。故选D。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Mountain chickadees (山雀) have some of the strongest spacial memories in the animal kingdom. New research reveals the genes involved and sheds light on how a changing climate may influence the evolution of this particular skill. In a new study, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Nevada, Reno identify nearly a hundred genes associated with the birds’ spacial memory, or ability to recall the locations of objects. The paper also suggests a potential balance may exist between having a solid long- term memory and being able to quickly remove old memories to form new ones. Taylor, the director of CU Boulder’s Mountain Research Station and his associates at the University of Nevada, Reno, lead by biologist professor Vladimir Pravosudov, designed a novel technique to assess the spacial memory of wild mountain chickadees. They hung various feeder groups in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains, each with eight seed-filled bird feeders. Each feeder has a gate equipped with a radio frequency reader capable of detecting a tag placed on chickadees by researchers. The scientists then configured (设定) each gate to only open to specific birds, forcing the chickadees to remember which feeders would open to them. Pravosudov and his team then counted how many times each chickadee landed on the wrong feeders before they recalled the right one. Using blood samples, the CU Boulder team sequenced (测定序列) the whole genome of 162 tagged chickadees, resulting in the largest database ever collected for examining the genetic basis of chickade’s cognitive ability. The team discovered 97 genes involved in chickadee spacial learning and memory by comparing the birds’ genomes to their performance on the feeder test. The findings could help biologists better understand the evolution of spacial memory in animals, including humans. “Chickadees are impressive birds,” said Scott Taylor. “They can remember tens of thousands of locations where they store food across an entire winter and a new set of those the next winter. Their spacial memory is much more developed than many other birds that don’t have to have this strategy to survive cold winters.” 1．What do we know about mountain chickadees’ spacial memories? A．They are linked with a hundred relevant genes. B．They maintain a good balance in locating objects. C．They are considered powerful in the animal world. D．They might account for the slow change of climate. 2．What can a radio frequency reader do in the test? A．Lower the error rate of the chickadees. B．Count the times each chickadee failed. C．Collect the food information of a feeder. D．Identify the chickadee landing on a feeder. 3．What does paragraph 4 focus on about the study? A．Blood sampling. B．Genes involved. C．Ability comparing. D．Data gathered. 4．What does Scott Taylor imply in the last paragraph? A．Chickadees possess amazing evolutionary capability. B．Many other birds should improve their spacial memory. C．Food storage is vital to the survival of animals in winter. D．Chickadees’ spacial memory carries them through winter. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家对山雀空间记忆能力的研究及其相关发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mountain chickadees (山雀) have some of the strongest spacial memories in the animal kingdom.(山雀在动物王国里有着最强烈的空间记忆。)”可知，山雀在动物界中的空间记忆能力非常强。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Each feeder has a gate equipped with a radio frequency reader capable of detecting a tag placed on chickadees by researchers.(每个喂食器都有一个门，门上装有一个射频阅读器，能够探测到研究人员在山雀身上放置的标签。)”可知，无线电频率读取器是用于认出降落在喂食器上的山雀。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The team discovered 97 genes involved in chickadee special learning and memory by comparing the birds’ genomes to their performance on the feeder test.(研究小组通过比较山雀的基因组和它们在喂食器测试中的表现，发现了97个与山雀特殊学习和记忆有关的基因。)”可知，第四段主要是关于相关的基因的，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Their spacial memory is much more developed than many other birds that don’t have to have this strategy to survive cold winters.(它们的空间记忆比许多其他鸟类要发达得多，其他鸟类不需要这种策略来度过寒冷的冬天。)”可知，空间记忆帮助山雀度过寒冬。故选D。 （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. “What we’ve done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he’s set his sights on Qatar. Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar’s tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar’s financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories. But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar’s hot climate, Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to “reinvent the tall building.” The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine- grade” aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low- scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 1．According to Foster’s concept, what should tall buildings be like? A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical. 2．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers? A．They will function as a global financial center. B．They are expected to be Qartar’s tallest building. C．They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece. D．They have four blocks with the same style and height. 3．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate? A．Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum. B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material. C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins. D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation. 4．What’s the goal of “low- scale master plan”? A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建筑师Lord Norman Foster和他设计的卡塔尔Lusail Towers的背景和特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中““What we’ve done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.”(“我们所做的是创造一种来自真实需求的认同感，”Foster说。“这不是一个时髦的想法，而是来自我们所处的现实。”)”可知，根据Foster的概念，高层建筑应该是实用的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar’s tallest buildings.(Foster设计的Lusail Towers目前接近完工，预计将达到301米的高度，有望成为卡塔尔最高建筑。)”可知，Lusail Towers有望成为卡塔尔最高的建筑，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine- grade” aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.(该设计结合了先进的遮阳和通风，而塔楼的表面涂有“海洋级”铝，包裹着建筑物，保护玻璃免受强烈的阳光照射，同时保持视野，仍然让自然光进入。)”可知，给塔涂上一层非常规材料可以解决卡塔尔炎热气候带来的挑战。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.(根据Foster的说法，广场的地面特征将在将该地区转变为未来充满活力的公共空间的目标中发挥重要作用。)”可知，小规模总体规划的目标是为未来提供一个充满活力的公共空间，故选C。 （24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 1．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 2．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 4．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了全球濒危语言的现状及保护它们的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow.(是由土耳其黑海沿岸山区村落中几千名老年人口使用的语言，与现代希腊语分离了几千年。它没有书面形式。对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。)”可知，Romeyka是一种与现代希腊语分离了几千年的方言，没有书面形式，对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。因此，Romeyka指的是一种正在消失的与古希腊有关的方言。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them.(但是有些语言面临着更大的麻烦，有350种语言的母语使用者不到50人，有46种语言的母语使用者只有1人。澳大利亚和英国机构之间的合作以不同的颜色描绘了这种情况，并设计了一张语言条纹图，以说明从1700年到今天，每个十年间都在加速下降的趋势。该图的作者预测，到2150年，世界上7000种语言中将有50%至90%灭绝。即使现在，地球上也有一半人只使用这24种语言。)”可知，使用数字是为了说明方言快速消亡的趋势。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.(这些方言本应出现在偏远的农村地区。ELA更惊人的发现之一是，尼泊尔一群山村中起源的塞克语（Seke）有700名幸存者，其中一半以上的人住在纽约市，他们中的许多人甚至不知道自己是说这种语言的人。)”可知人们认为这些方言应该存在于偏远的农村地区，但令人震惊的是，在纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓大楼里，可以找到700名幸存的Seke方言使用者中的150多人。这表明人们认为大城市中方言的数量较少，但实际上并非如此。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”.( 以积极保护濒危语言而闻名的肯·黑尔（Ken Hale）曾激烈地表示，失去任何一种语言“就像是在卢浮宫投下一颗炸弹”。)”可知，Ken Hale的引用“losing any language was ‘like dropping a bomb on the Louvre’”意味着失去任何一种语言都是巨大的损失，就像对卢浮宫投下炸弹一样。因此，A选项“方言的灭绝是巨大的损失”是正确的解释。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$