2024届山东省青岛第五十八中学高三下学期一模英语试题

绝密★启用前 2024年山东省青岛市五十八中一模英语 英语 本试卷共10页,满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后,将答题卡交回。 第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Must-read New Fiction Books We all have a few tried-and-true fiction favorites but there’s something special about a brand-new, hot-off-the-press novel. Whether it’s your favorite author’s new release or a new writer’s first work, great fiction books make the perfect escape from ordinary life. That’s why we’ve rounded up a list of the best new books released in February. Age of Gold by Jerry Lapoor Jerry Lapoor’s latest action-packed novel unfolds like a crazy movie. This thriller begins when a wealthy man’s car gets out of control. But when the dust settles, the rich man is nowhere to be found. How and to where does he disappear? With an exciting plot that will carry you from old-money houses to small agricultural villages, Age of Cold will take you on an unforgettable ride across a vast land. City Under One Sky by Rachel Young In the book, Young presents a crime story set in a small town. Detective Sara Kennedy has been sent to investigate a case. But soon after arrival, Sara gets snowed in with the 205 townsfolk living in the same apartment building. Who is hiding the key to the crime? And is there anyone she can truly trust? The appealing story, strange but distinctive characters and unexpected plot are just a few of the reasons why City Under One Sky gains its popularity. Lady by Jess George Lady is an irresistible fiction from Jess George. The story of Mary’s fresh start at adulthood is shot through with themes of family, race and discrimination, womanhood and the immigrant reality of feeling torn between cultures. Though struggling with life in London as an African, Mary jumps at every chance to stand on her own feet. 1 What will impress the readers in Age of Gold? A. The thrilling plot. B. Traditional cultures. C. The family conflict. D. Crazy characters. 2. What happens to Sara Kennedy in City Under One Sky? A. She is trapped in the snow. B. She is to investigate a case abroad. C. She hides the key evidence. D. She has trouble discovering the truth. 3. Which is likely to be the main theme of Lady? A. Self-reliance. B. Gender equality. C Domestic violence. D. Cross-cultural communication. B By the late 1960s, abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the Sand Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art,“Harold Cohen: Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings - a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine. The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.” 4. What was Aaron born out of? A. Harold’s curiosity. B. The museum’s donation. C. Cohen’s imagination. D. The university’s support. 5. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs? A. Its ability to assign tasks. B. Its use of modern techniques. C. Its capability to make choices. D. Its dependence on existing database. 6. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition? A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron. B. Generate images with the help of Aaron. C. Learn about the physical rules in art. D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. The masterpieces of digital art. B. A new show of the art world’s first AI. C. The latest technologies in the Whitney. D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI. C Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper. The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed n the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru. The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says. 8. What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating? A. Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. B. Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. C. Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. D. Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. 9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3? A. Change. B. Strengthen. C. Go beyond. D. Approve of. 10. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru? A. It advocated a fair scoring system. B. It applied to high-impact journals. C. It led to an increase in false authorship. D. It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. 11. The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with _________. A. career promotion B. consistent research focus C. few citations by Punto Final D. co-authors from various countries D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 12 Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 13. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 14. How did Stroud conduct his research? A. By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 15. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A. Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Facing hard things is, well, hard. Sometimes we are forced to simply shift, such as with a loss or failure; however, much of the time, we may recognize the difficulties underneath that need attention but feel too overwhelmed to address them. ___16___ The difficulties might be an outdated habit, a troubling memory or a long- ignored conflict. Some individuals fool themselves into thinking there really is not a problem. It’s like someone trying to hold active mice under a blanket by holding down the edges of the moving blanket. Pulling back the blanket to let the mice out is needed, despite being terrifying. Once the mice are released, there may be further challenges to get them out of the house. ___17___ People often encounter similar problems. Avoiding or leaving the situation appears to fix the problem but fails to tackle the underlying cause. Rather than repeatedly cutting weeds, getting down on the ground and pulling the roots is more effective. Facing issues is like uncovering roots for new beginnings to blossom. ___18___ ___19___ It feels like a balled-up mess of wires. Pulling hard at only one wire actually tightens the knot. We have to take a calmer look and pull apart each wire one at a time. We can’t expect the wires to loosen or unwind themselves. ___20___ Nevertheless, once they have been freed, they can sometimes be separated, put aside, and used as needed. A. They are just there and part of the chaos. B. And humans are masters of avoidance and denial. C. The overall benefits from tough work enable growth D. Making changes in one’s life is hard and complicated. E. Sadly, it often worsens when we approach it with anger. F. However, problems cannot be faced if they are not first recognized. G. Quick fixes might provide relief in the short term but often not in the long term. 第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Clark, a bald eagle (秃鹰), is a frequent commercial flier. He takes at least six trips a year. When the plane touches down, the ___21___ will often announce to the cabin: “The eagle has ___22___.” Like many passengers who touch down in the nation’s capital, Clark has a pretty high profile. His eagle father, Captain, was given as a ___23___ to the United States in 1982 by West German. At the time, the bald eagle was endangered, and environmentalists were ___24___ about the present. At its low point, the bald eagle population had fallen to 417 known nesting pairs. The United States made great efforts to ___25___ the bald eagle population and the result was ___26___. The species was saved and the bald eagle was ___27___ from the list of threatened species in 2007. Captain was part of a critical conservation breeding program, ___28___ six healthy eaglets (雏鹰). While Clark’s siblings were ___29___ into the wild, Clark has spent his whole life under human care. Clark’s claw (爪) did not form ____30____ and just didn’t give him the ____31____ that he would need. After all, the wild is not the most ____32____ place. Clark travels across the country to ____33____ flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events. People react similarly when they see him at events. They’re ____34____. Clark’s physical presence leaves a lasting impression and ____35____ people to care more about conservation efforts. 21. A. driver B. passenger C. pilot D. conductor 22. A. boarded B. landed C. left D. launched 23. A. gift B. decoration C. product D. reward 24. A. passionate B. concerned C. excited D. curious 25. A. keep B. monitor C. study D. recover 26. A. satisfactory B. scary C. discouraging D. convincing 27. A. excused B. protected C. removed D. separated 28. A. teaching B. fathering C. catching D. adopting 29. A. thrown B. changed C. divided D. freed 30. A. carefully B. beautifully C. formally D. properly 31. A. necessity B. company C. protection D. opportunity 32. A. secret B. forgiving C. striking D. impressive 33. A. learn B. seek C. observe D. perform 34. A. blown away B. put away C. taken away D. hidden away 35. A. encourages B. trains C. forces D. warns 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design and engineering. As a result, many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time studying them. When they have a problem, nature often has the answer. This science ___36___ (call) biomimetics. Bio means “living things” and mimetics means “copying”. It involves ___37___ (draw) inspiration from nature’s designs and processes ___38___ (solve) human problems or improve technology. For example, engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers (鳍) because they move so effectively through water. The engineers believe the shape can improve the movement of wind turbines (涡轮机). Similarly, engineers at Mercedes Benz in Germany are using the shape of the box fish ___39___ one of their new cars because it makes the car ___40___ (fast) and more fuel efficient. Velcro (粘扣) is ___41___ (probable) the most famous example of biomimetics. Most people have some Velcro on ___42___ item of clothing. It was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in 1948. He was walking in the countryside ___43___ he pulled a burr (毛刺) off his trousers. He noticed how well the burr stuck to his clothes so he studied its design. The result was Velcro, which became an ___44___ (afford) alternative to the traditional zipper. In conclusion, biomimetics not only has helped to design our world but promises many more ___45___ (possibility). Unfortunately, they might take a long time to develop. This isn’t really surprising: it took nature millions of years to design its animals and plants. 第四部分写作（共两节, 满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Henry明年打算来中国游玩，请你给他写一封信，向他推荐一个主题乐园。内容包括： 1.推荐理由； 2.主要活动； 3.美好祝愿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分 25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One Saturday, a thirteen-year-old boy named Tim was hanging out with his friends at a local cafe. Tim and his friends would usually spend the entire weekend together, before meeting again the following week while in school. That day, Tim’s mom Gloria wanted to change up his routine by inviting him to watch a new superhero movie with her. Gloria kept calling Tim on his cellphone, but he wouldn’t pick up. So, she decided to make her way to the cafe, knowing that this was where Tim and his friends usually had lunch on Saturdays. When she spotted Tim and his friends, she made her way to them, only to see Tim’s friends giggling. “Your grandmother’s come to pick you up, Tim!” they teased. Tim glared (怒视) at his mother and walked up to her to stop her from going any closer. “What are you doing here?”! he scolded her. “You’re embarrassing me in front of my friends!” “I just wanted to ask if you wanted to watch a movie with me,” she smiled , trying to hold his hand. Tim shrugged (耸肩) off her hands. “Leave me alone! I’m with my friends!” he told her. Gloria walked back home sadly. When Tim got home that night, it was already half past ten. He went straight to his room, not even acknowledging Gloria’s presence in the living room. “What’s the matter Tim?” Gloria asked him. “Why is it that you don’t like being with me anymore? I’m worried about you, Tim. I barely know what’s going on in your life!” she said, trying to walk close r to him. “You’re such an old, boring woman! Why did you even give birth to me?!” he yelled. Gloria felt a pain in her chest after hearing Tim yell at her that way. Before she could respond, Tim grabbed his backpack and ran out the door. “Tim!” Gloria called out. Tim rode on his bike and left the street. Gloria tried calling out and chasing after him, but he was too fast. Then, she fainted in front of one of her neighbor’s houses. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When Tim got home late that night, he saw a neighbor at their door. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After riding for half an hour, Tim arrived at the hospital. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 绝密★启用前 2024年山东省青岛市五十八中一模英语 英语 本试卷共10页,满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后,将答题卡交回。 第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A 【1~3题答案】 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A B 【4~7题答案】 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B C 【8~11题答案】 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D D 【12~15题答案】 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. A 第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） 【36~45题答案】 【答案】36. is called 37. drawing 38. to solve 39. in 40. faster 41. probably 42. an 43. when 44. affordable 45. possibilities 第四部分写作（共两节, 满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 【46题答案】 【答案】Dear Henry, I am delighted to learn you will come to China and I’m equally pleased to recommend Shanghai Disneyland, a theme park which never fails to fascinate me. As the sixth theme park built by The Walt Disney Company in the world, it has been a popular resort ever since its opening on June 16, 2016 receiving thousands of tourists every single day. Strolling in the park, you will feel as if you were in a magical world where all your childhood dreams can come true, travelling through space or visiting a pirate ship, not to mention meeting an adorable fairy tale or cartoon character. Of course, Disneyland also has many thrilling rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary freefall drops. I am fully convinced you will leave the park, feeling refreshed and revitalized. Sincerely hope all these can be of great help to you. Look forward to your arrival and wish you all the best. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分 25 分） 【47题答案】 【答案】When Tim got home late that night, he saw a neighbor at their door. The neighbor, with a look of concern, informed Tim that his mother had fainted and was rushed to the hospital. Tim’s mind went blank as he processed the information, his heart pounding in his chest. A wave of guilt washed over him as he realized what he had done to his mother. He quickly grabbed his bike keys and dashed outside, his bike already waiting for him in the driveway. The cool night air rushed past him, the streetlights casting flickering shadows on his path. Every pedal felt like a race against time as he pushed himself to reach the hospital as soon as possible. After riding for half an hour, Tim arrived at the hospital. Breathless and drenched in sweat, he rushed to the reception desk and asked for his mother’s room. The nurse directed him to a softly lit room where Gloria lay. Her face was pale, but her eyes lit up when she saw her son. Tim inched to her bedside, tears streaming down his face. He grabbed her hand and whispered apologies for his recent behavior. Gloria, with a weary but forgiving smile, reassured him that she was okay and that they could work through their differences. As they held each other’s hands, sharing words of understanding and love, the tension between them melted away. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$