Unit6 Nurturing Nature阅读完形训练- 2024-2025学年高二英语专项提高训练必刷好题（外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit6 Nurturing Nature阅读完形训练 - 2024-2025学年高二英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019选择性必修第一册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1. Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you. Plants don't interrupt when you' re speaking. They don't argue or ask difficult questions. And regardless of whether they're actually listening, research has shown them to be a calming presence. It's no wonder, then, that so many of us talk to ours. In a 2022 survey by trees. com. 50 percent of the 1, 250 respondents reported talking to their plants and trees. When asked why, 65 percent said they believe it helps them grow. The research. however, isn't definitive about this point. While studies have found that vibrations (震动) caused by sound do affect plants, the jury's still out on whether the human voice offers any specific benefit. A study in a 2003 issue of the journal Ultrasonics investigated the effects of classical music and the sounds of birds, insects and water on the growth of Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The conclusion? Both forms of sound exposure increased the vegetables' growth. “Plants definitely respond to vibrations in their environment — which can cause plants to grow differently and become more resistant to falling over, " says Heidi Appel. a professor of environmental sciences at the University of Toledo in Ohio. “Those vibrations can come from airborne (空气传播的) sounds or insects moving on the plants themselves. And plants will respond differently to tones and music than to silence. " Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit. “If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive. 1．What does “the jury's still out” imply about the effect of the human voice on plants in the paragraph 3? A．The result is still up in the air. B．The fact will be proven. C．General agreement has been reached. D．The possibility is ruled out. 2．What does Heidi Appel suggest about the relationship between plants and humans? A．Plants prefer music over other sounds. B．Sound has little effect on plant growth. C．Feeling connected to plants can lead to better care. D．Plants can communicate with humans through sound. 3．What is the author's attitude to the benefits of talking to plants? A．Indifferent and unconvinced. B．Objective with a positive outlook. C．Critical and dismissive. D．Highly enthusiastic and supportive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The best ways to care for plants. B．The history of plant research. C．How talking to plants can affect them. D．The advantages of indoor gardening. Passage2. If you were to place all the rice consumed each year on one side of a scale (天平), and every person in the world on the other, the scale would tip heavily towards rice's favor. This be loved crop contributes over 20% of the calories consumed by humans each year. The roots of rice go back thousands of years to when early farmers in Asia, Africa, and South America each independently planted the crop. Asian rice, however, spread widely and is now a cornerstone of diet and culture in Asia and beyond. Many plant geneticists believe that Asian rice originated in what’s now China. Over 10,000 years ago, nomadic (游牧的) hunters in the region began gathering and eating seeds from a weedy grass. Around 9,000 years ago, they started planting these seeds. With each harvest, growers selected and replanted seeds from the rice plants that pleased them most — like those with bigger grains. Over thousands of years, thousands of varieties of Asian rice emerged. Traditionally, growers plant rice in paddy fields — flat land submerged (淹没) under as much as 10 centimeters of water throughout the growing season. This practice return s high yields since many competing weeds can’t survive in such an environment. But the technique consumes plenty of water. Rice covers 11% of global cropland, but uses over a third of the world’s irrigation water (灌溉用水). This form of rice production also produces a surprising quantity of greenhouse gases. Flooded fields are the perfect breeding grounds for microorganisms known as methanogens (产甲烷菌). The rice farming contributes around 12% of human-caused methane emissions each year. Greenhouse gases come from many — sometimes unexpected — places. Making rice growing more sustainable is just one of the many challenges we’ll need to face to avoid disastrous warming. Today, many rice growers still flood fields all season long. Changing old practices requires a major mindset shift, but going against the grain could be just what we need to keep our planet healthy and our bowls full. 1．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The history of Asian rice. B．The influence of Asian rice. C．The farming of Asian rice. D．The advantage of Asian rice. 2．What is the advantage of growing rice in paddy fields? A．It can make the rice more delicious. B．It can protect the rice from other weeds. C．It can enable rice to adapt to a variety of climates. D．It can reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation. 3．What can we learn about the current way of planting rice? A．It is facing more and more challenges. B．It has been unable to meet the demand for rice. C．It requires the introduction of new technologies. D．It should be improved to be environmentally friendly. 4．In which section of a newspaper will the text appear? A．Health B．Science. C．Agriculture. D．History. Passage3. In 2020 sailors off the Iberian Peninsula began reporting that orcas (虎鲸) were “attacking” their boats. The five - ton heavy fish, capable of swimming at 48km/h— faster than most ships and boats— were approaching, investigating, and throwing itself towards the boats, frightening those on board. Since then, over 670 interactions like this have been recorded, all by a group of about 15 orcas. About a fifth resulted in severe damage, scores of boats were disabled and six boats sunk. A group of experts rapidly gathered and in May they gave their conclusion. The orcas aren’t attacking. Instead, according to the experts, the whales may be bored and playing with the boats. Our boats may just be part of a “craze” in their culture. Dr Patrick R Hof has handled hundreds of whales’ brains. “A human brain is about1.3kg, while an orca brain,” says Hof, “is about 5kg.” A real big one. When Hof and colleagues examined whales’ brains using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner (磁共振成像扫描器), they found that they were “highly unusual... organised in a pattern basically different from that seen in the brains of humans.” Part of the reason for that difference is because toothed whales have so many unique brain functions, from sleeping with half of their brain awake in order to avoid drowning (溺水), to finding directions and mapping their world. From a biological viewpoint, Hof thinks orca brains look capable of behaviour such as learning to play with boats. The scientific agreement is that we shouldn’t call the interactions “attacks”. Online news reports and videos have already appeared of sailors firing guns at orcas. One group of experts issued a letter urging the media to avoid projecting stories onto the animals, as how we decipher them has a big effect on their lives— it could save them or it could drive them to extinction faster. “We should keep cool heads” and “not punish wildlife for being wild”, they wrote. Whatever happens, perhaps we can’t ever hope to fully understand orca behaviour, because their world is water, changing, adaptable. We’re observing a society in development. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By contrasting distinct species. B．By defining characteristics of orcas. C．By illustrating the seriousness of boats. D．By presenting the case of orcas “attack”. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The extraordinarily heavy brains of whales. B．The technique used in examining whales’ brains. C．The scientific explanation for orcas “attack”. D．The biological analysis of orca’s living patterns. 3．What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4mean? A．Protect. B．Strike. C．Uplift. D．Understand. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To draw the public’s attention to orcas. B．To warn sailors of keeping away from orcas. C．To appeal to the public to treat orca s properly. D．To clarify a misunderstanding about“craze” culture. Passage4. While human population has doubled since 1970, the number of wild animals have dropped by more than half. At its root, this widespread environmental destruction is a result of our growth as a species and increasing food consumption to make ourselves able to continue living. Although climate change casts a shadow over future conservation efforts, farming is the No. l threat to wildlife. We have already changed approximately 75 per cent of the ice- free land on this planet. All of this raises the question: How can we eat well without harming wildlife? One simple step we can all take right now that would have a far greater impact than any other: Cut out the grain- fed beef. The inefficiency of feeding livestock (家畜) grain to turn them into meals for humans makes a diet heavy in animals particularly harsh on the Earth’s resources. For example, in the United States, it takes 25 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of beef. Pigs have a grain- to- meat ratio of 9: 1, and chickens are 3: 1. To make matters worse, the grain we feed animals is the leading driver of deforestation (采伐森林) in the tropics. And it’s a hungry beast. Our cows, pigs and chickens devour over one- third of all crops we grow. Indeed, the grain we feed to animals in the U. S. alone could feed an additional800 million people if it were eaten by us directly—more than the number of people currently living in hunger. Livestock quietly causes 10 times more deforestation than the palm (棕榈) oil industry but seems to get about 10 times less media attention. While it’s certainly true that avoiding palm oil is a good idea, avoiding eating animals that were raised on grain is an even more effective conservation way. Feeding the world without damaging nature is one of the greatest challenges humans face. But with a little planning, better land management and some simple meal changes, many of the solutions are at arm’s length. For wildlife’s future, go forth and enjoy your vegetable burgers. 1．What is the top reason that leads to the dropping number of wildlife? A．Growing crops. B．Climate change. C．Environmental pollution. D．Increasing human population. 2．The author gives the example of beef in Paragraph 4 to show _______. A．the high cost of producing beef B．the difficulty in producing beef C．the great waste of resources D．the great loss of grain 3．What does the underlined word “devour” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Get something easily. B．Ruin something completely. C．Eat something quickly. D．Waste something seriously. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 6? A．It doesn’t matter to consume palm oil. B．People haven’t realized the harm of livestock. C．The media pays little attention to the palm oil industry. D．The palm oil industry does more harm than livestock. Passage5. AS HE STOOD amid the thick old-growth forests along the coastal range of Oregon, Dave Wiens was nervous. Before he was trained to shoot his first barred owl (横斑林鸮), he had never fired a gun. Wiens eyed the big female owl, which perched on a branch at just the right distance. Then he squeezed the trigger. The owl fell to the forest floor, its carcass (尸体) adding to a running tally of more than 2,400 barred owls that had been killed so far in a controversial experiment by the U.S. government. The experiment is aimed at testing whether the rapid decline in the population of the northern spotted owl (北方斑点鸮) in the Pacific Northwest can be stopped by the killing of its East Coast cousin. The son of a well-known ornithologist (鸟类学者), Wiens grew up fascinated by birds. “It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,” said he. “Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.” The federal government has been trying for decades to save the northern spotted owl, a native bird that sparked an intense battle over logging. After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. Meanwhile, researchers began documenting another threat: larger, more aggressive barred owls which are competing with the spotted owls for food and space and displacing them in some areas. In almost all ways, the barred ow is the spotted owl’s worst enemy: They reproduce more often, have more babies per year, and eat the same prey such as squirrels and woodrats. And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. Because the barred owl has few predators in Northwest forests, he sees his team’s role as apex predator, acting as a cap on a population that does not have one. Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. “Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out.” said Harris. “It’s going to be very common with climate change. What are we going to do — pick and choose the winners?” 1．What did Dave Wiens imply by saying “our backs are up against the wall” in Paragraph 3? A．He still feels guilty about killing the barred owl in large numbers. B．The Northern spotted owl has already been pushed to the brink of extinction. C．Federal officials have been left with no choice but to kill barred owls to save northern spotted owls. D．The U.S. government hasn’t found out exactly why the number of northern spotted owls has been dropping. 2．Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly explain _______. A．how logging affected the survival of norther spotted owls B．why the U.S. government decided to conduct the experiment C．how the U.S. government has managed to protect barred owls D．why barred owls have been able to adapt themselves to life on the West Coast 3．According to the article,what sparked off the controversy? A．Both owls should have been protected by federal laws. B．The killing of barred owls could have been done more humanely. C．Humans shouldn’t be intervening in the maintenance of biodiversity. D．The experiment poses a challenge to the theory of  “survival of the fittest” 4．According to Michael Harris,the problem of northern spotted owls probably resulted from ______. A．the invasion of the barred owls B．logging in the old-growth forests C．the effects of human activities on the habitat of barred owls D．the increasingly serious effects of climate change on ecosystems Passage6. A new report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) and the Zoological Society of London found Earth’s biodiversity (生物多样性) is decreasing through years of data on thousands of wildlife population s across the world. According to the data, animal population s across the world decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. Experts say the rapid loss of biodiversity is a serious and worrying sign of what’s to come for the natural world. “The message is clear and the lights are flashing red,” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini. Many scientists believe that the main reason of biodiversity drop may be land-use changes driven by human activities such as the development of basic facilities, energy production and deforestation. But the report suggests that climate change, which has had a wide impact on plant and animal species globally, could become the leading cause of biodiversity loss if rising temperatures aren’t limited to 1.5℃. Lambertini said biodiversity loss and climate change are already responsible for a series of problems for humans, including death and homelessness from extreme weather, a lack of food and water and an increase in the spread of specific diseases. But the terrible news comes with signs of hope: Experts say there are possible solutions to the loss of biodiversity. Solutions range from protecting forests to establishing a cross-border trade system in Africa, the report said. WWF chief scientist Rebecca Shaw said that humans have the opportunity to change how they do things to benefit nature. “Little things that we can do every day can change the direction of these population declines,” said Shaw. What little things can be done? For instance, we can start from reducing waste in our daily lives. Simple actions like recycling paper, plastic, and glass can have a profound impact on the environment. By minimizing waste, we lessen the demand for raw materials which in turn reduces the pressure on natural habitats that are often destroyed by the industrial development. 1．How do the experts feel about the rapid loss of biodiversity? A．Anxious. B．Confused. C．Confident. D．Depressed. 2．According to the report, what would contribute to biodiversity loss most? A．Less production of food. B．Developing basic facilities. C．Uncontrolled rising temperatures. D．Declining plant and animal species. 3．What is the main purpose of the 4th paragraph? A．To explore the causes for a range of humans’ problems. B．To introduce some potential methods to promote biodiversity. C．To discuss the importance of the cross-border trade system in Africa. D．To present the problems caused by biodiversity loss and climate change. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Pave the Way for a Simple Lifestyle B．Take a Step to Push Energy Production C．Raise the Voice to Ban Land-use Changes D．Lend a Hand to Slower Biodiversity Loss Passage7. The Summer Olympics in Paris is always impressive, but 2024 promised something extraordinary even before the games began — the seats you are sitting on! Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability (可持续性) champions in their own right. The Paris 2024 Summer Olympics made history in terms of sustainability, as 11,000 stadium seats made entirely of recycled plastic are used during the water sports. The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area. The collected plastic was cut and torn into small pieces, processed and turned into new material by a local recycling firm called Le Pavé. After the base materials are produced into plastic seats with different colors, the seats have gone through numerous tests, including mechanical resistance, fire resistance, as well as UV resistance. The recycled plastic chairs proved to be strong and durable, with producers reporting no problems in the production process. The use of recycled plastic seats is part of Paris and France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing downstream emissions (排放) by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 games. Additionally, the city is working to fight against environment worsening by making the Seine River swimmable for the first time in decades, in an effort to host the triathlon (铁人三项) there. The recycled plastic seats not only promote sustainability but also raise awareness about waste recycling, with children being encouraged to throw their plastic bottles into appropriate bins. The Paris Olympics’ use of recycled plastic seats demonstrates the potential of a circular economy, where waste is repurposed and reused, ultimately reducing the amount of plastic waste in landfills and oceans. 1．What is special about the seats for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They won the championship in a competition. B．They are made with a mix of plastic types. C．They are made from recyclable plastic. D．They are produced from local raw materials. 2．Where was the plastic for the seats mostly collected from? A．Recycling firms. B．Local recycling bins. C．All over France. D．International suppliers. 3．What does the numerous tests mainly show in paragraph 3? A．The advantages of the seats. B．The production process of the seats. C．The difficulty of producing the seats. D．The significance of the plastic seats. 4．What is one of the goals of using recycled plastic seats at the Paris Olympics? A．To create continued economic growth. B．To reduce energy consumption. C．To attract more attention to the games. D．To contribute to environmental efforts. 二、完形填空 Passage1. Volunteering at Greenpeace is more than a simple individual action. It is a collective force 1 a vision of a greener and fairer world. When I took my first step as a volunteer with Greenpeace Brazil, I had no idea how this experience would 2 my life and my commitment to our planet. Through Greenpeace. I 3 other people, understood how the community functioned, and exchanged 4 with fellow members. Today, looking back, I see how 5 impactful this journey has been, not only for me but also for the communities in the local groups that, we embraced(拥抱) with 6 . What makes this experience even more 7 is how our campaigns come to life through the 8 of everyone and the passion each of us nurtures for the environment. Whether in the fight against climate change, the defense of forests, or the protection of oceans, each of us plays a 9 role in our own way. Over time, I have seen our local community 10 awareness and taking action on local environmental issues, especially regarding the mining 11 we face in our state. I witnessed the building of strong connections with other organizations, 12 our movement for a sustainable planet. My initial motivation for volunteering at Greenpeace was to do my part in 13 the environment. Today, I know that I am doing much more. I am part of a global movement that is changing the world. In this 14 , I have found not only an incredible community of people but also a purpose that 15 me every day. 1．A．improving B．increasing C．discovering D．shaping 2．A．introduce B．transform C．control D．create 3．A．connected with B．competed against C．went through D．got across 4．A．impression B．money C．experience D．work 5．A．incredibly B．strangely C．unfairly D．fortunately 6．A．creativity B．friendship C．success D．passion 7．A．expensive B．welcoming C．meaningful D．inviting 8．A．kindness B．support C．agreement D．consideration 9．A．general B．familiar C．normal D．decisive 10．A．raising B．encouraging C．developing D．building 11．A．benefits B．businesses C．challenges D．operations 12．A．starting B．strengthening C．designing D．reducing 13．A．decorating B．constructing C．changing D．protecting 14．A．journey B．career C．environment D．campaign 15．A．orders B．surprises C．inspires D．calls Passage2. Green design is the creation of energy-efficient buildings which are flexible and designed for long life. It should have a minimal 1 on the environment, both in terms of products and materials 2 in the construction and in the functionality of the building. A sustainable design should always 3 to amalgamate (融合) environmentally-preferred outcomes throughout the whole life-cycle of the 4 . If a building can adapt over generations and still remain environmentally friendly, it is truly 5 . This is what is at the 6 of sustainable design, the ability to 7 changes through time. Designing for the future is a key part of design, and is of particular importance in green design. How the space will 8 for its original purpose and how it could be used in the future are at the heart of this 9 . Sustainable building also considers whether a space can be used for 10 purposes at different periods during its lifetime. Also, factors such as how easy the space can be 11 and retrofitted (翻新), and 12 the impact the building will have on the environment will make it more sustainable. Green design can often be viewed as a(n) 13 concept, but it actually is simple. It means creating products that last longer and use 14 resources in order to help us create a more sustainable world for future generations. Green design is 15 for society, businesses and the environment. 1．A．balance B．focus C．investment D．impact 2．A．wasted B．collected C．used D．distributed 3．A．happen B．seek C．refuse D．pretend 4．A．service B．practice C．building D．work 5．A．sustainable B．popular C．attractive D．different 6．A．expense B．risk C．crossroad D．core 7．A．adjust to B．refer to C．stick to D．contribute to 8．A．remain B．expand C．function D．account 9．A．problem B．concept C．debate D．program 10．A．original B．recreational C．similar D．multiple 11．A．measured B．cleared C．changed D．designed 12．A．lessening B．predicting C．managing D．judging 13．A．precise B．complicated C．confusing D．imaginative 14．A．extra B．rarer C．local D．fewer 15．A．difficult B．beneficial C．known D．available Passage3. When I started my Ph. D．, I knew my work was producing much waste, but I took it for granted. That all 1 one day when I saw plastic waste piled against the wall. I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab 2 out of our waste. But the process of making these tools didn’t go smoothly. After months of 3 , I felt worried about my dream. It was a 4 when my colleagues were eager to join us. We created a group devoted to 5 other greener ways. We began meeting every month to discuss some 6 . We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 7 . And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment. By doing these, we could create 8 on how to use each device. Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, which caused much trouble. So, we started to 9 it, asking labs to remove samples that were not 10 anymore and make the most of the remaining ones. Through those 11 , we managed to increase the temperature of several freezers after realizing some samples didn’t have to be stored so 12 . I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t 13 my 3D-printing dream, and I’m determined enough to keep trying. I’ve also learned that if one 14 isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions. I’m 15 that with my colleagues’ help, we were able to do that. 1．A．mattered B．changed C．happened D．worked 2．A．tests B．buildings C．machines D．tools 3．A．struggling B．dreaming C．delaying D．preparing 4．A．lesson B．relief C．signal D．point 5．A．searching for B．settling for C．heading for D．longing for 6．A．solutions B．topics C．articles D．techniques 7．A．randomly B．accidentally C．appropriately D．suddenly 8．A．pictures B．instructions C．patterns D．details 9．A．advocate B．protect C．adopt D．challenge 10．A．issued B．licensed C．needed D．involved 11．A．occasions B．efforts C．experiments D．manners 12．A．deep B．secret C．cold D．high 13．A．discuss B．practice C．realize D．pursue 14．A．position B．power C．direction D．approach 15．A．grateful B．anxious C．hopeful D．curious ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit6 Nurturing Nature阅读完形训练 - 2024-2025学年高二英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019选择性必修第一册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1. Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you. Plants don't interrupt when you' re speaking. They don't argue or ask difficult questions. And regardless of whether they're actually listening, research has shown them to be a calming presence. It's no wonder, then, that so many of us talk to ours. In a 2022 survey by trees. com. 50 percent of the 1, 250 respondents reported talking to their plants and trees. When asked why, 65 percent said they believe it helps them grow. The research. however, isn't definitive about this point. While studies have found that vibrations (震动) caused by sound do affect plants, the jury's still out on whether the human voice offers any specific benefit. A study in a 2003 issue of the journal Ultrasonics investigated the effects of classical music and the sounds of birds, insects and water on the growth of Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The conclusion? Both forms of sound exposure increased the vegetables' growth. “Plants definitely respond to vibrations in their environment — which can cause plants to grow differently and become more resistant to falling over, " says Heidi Appel. a professor of environmental sciences at the University of Toledo in Ohio. “Those vibrations can come from airborne (空气传播的) sounds or insects moving on the plants themselves. And plants will respond differently to tones and music than to silence. " Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit. “If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive. 1．What does “the jury's still out” imply about the effect of the human voice on plants in the paragraph 3? A．The result is still up in the air. B．The fact will be proven. C．General agreement has been reached. D．The possibility is ruled out. 2．What does Heidi Appel suggest about the relationship between plants and humans? A．Plants prefer music over other sounds. B．Sound has little effect on plant growth. C．Feeling connected to plants can lead to better care. D．Plants can communicate with humans through sound. 3．What is the author's attitude to the benefits of talking to plants? A．Indifferent and unconvinced. B．Objective with a positive outlook. C．Critical and dismissive. D．Highly enthusiastic and supportive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The best ways to care for plants. B．The history of plant research. C．How talking to plants can affect them. D．The advantages of indoor gardening. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与自己养的盆栽植物聊天有利于其生长，同时对植物主人也有利这一研究。 1．词句猜测题。划线部分后文提到“whether the human voice offers any specific benefit”（人类的声音是否有任何特殊的好处），此处表示人类的声音是否有好处仍未可知，说明这个研究尚无定论，结果仍悬而未决。故选A。 2．细节理解题。最后一段提到““If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune ( 修剪 ) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）由此判断，如果人类觉得与植物之间有关联，则会更加用心地照顾他们。故选C。 3．推理判断题。第一段提到“Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。）以及最后一段提到“ Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit.”（尽管缺乏关于与植物交谈的好处的研究和证据，但至少有一个潜在的好处。）由此判断，虽然人类声音与植物生长之间的关系尚无定论论，但是全文仍然从客观的角度上谈到了与植物交流的好处，作者对于与植物交谈这项研究整体是积极但客观的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。第一段提到“Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。即便如此，有令人信服的理由表明，和盆栽朋友聊天对它和你都有好处。）后文中还提到了人声、音乐、自然界的声音对于植物的生长都有促进作用，以及最后一段提到““If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）”由此判断，文章主要探讨与植物交谈可能带来的影响。故选C。 Passage2. If you were to place all the rice consumed each year on one side of a scale (天平), and every person in the world on the other, the scale would tip heavily towards rice's favor. This be loved crop contributes over 20% of the calories consumed by humans each year. The roots of rice go back thousands of years to when early farmers in Asia, Africa, and South America each independently planted the crop. Asian rice, however, spread widely and is now a cornerstone of diet and culture in Asia and beyond. Many plant geneticists believe that Asian rice originated in what’s now China. Over 10,000 years ago, nomadic (游牧的) hunters in the region began gathering and eating seeds from a weedy grass. Around 9,000 years ago, they started planting these seeds. With each harvest, growers selected and replanted seeds from the rice plants that pleased them most — like those with bigger grains. Over thousands of years, thousands of varieties of Asian rice emerged. Traditionally, growers plant rice in paddy fields — flat land submerged (淹没) under as much as 10 centimeters of water throughout the growing season. This practice return s high yields since many competing weeds can’t survive in such an environment. But the technique consumes plenty of water. Rice covers 11% of global cropland, but uses over a third of the world’s irrigation water (灌溉用水). This form of rice production also produces a surprising quantity of greenhouse gases. Flooded fields are the perfect breeding grounds for microorganisms known as methanogens (产甲烷菌). The rice farming contributes around 12% of human-caused methane emissions each year. Greenhouse gases come from many — sometimes unexpected — places. Making rice growing more sustainable is just one of the many challenges we’ll need to face to avoid disastrous warming. Today, many rice growers still flood fields all season long. Changing old practices requires a major mindset shift, but going against the grain could be just what we need to keep our planet healthy and our bowls full. 1．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The history of Asian rice. B．The influence of Asian rice. C．The farming of Asian rice. D．The advantage of Asian rice. 2．What is the advantage of growing rice in paddy fields? A．It can make the rice more delicious. B．It can protect the rice from other weeds. C．It can enable rice to adapt to a variety of climates. D．It can reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation. 3．What can we learn about the current way of planting rice? A．It is facing more and more challenges. B．It has been unable to meet the demand for rice. C．It requires the introduction of new technologies. D．It should be improved to be environmentally friendly. 4．In which section of a newspaper will the text appear? A．Health B．Science. C．Agriculture. D．History. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述水稻在人类食物中的重要性以及传统种植水稻方式带来的问题。 1．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Many plant geneticists believe that Asian rice originated in what’s now China. Over 10,000 years ago, nomadic (游牧的) hunters in the region began gathering and eating seeds from a weedy grass. Around 9,000 years ago, they started planting these seeds. With each harvest, growers selected and replanted seeds from the rice plants that pleased them most — like those with bigger grains. Over thousands of years, thousands of varieties of Asian rice emerged.(许多植物遗传学家认为，亚洲水稻起源于现在的中国。一万多年前，该地区的游牧猎人开始从杂草中采集和食用种子。大约9000年前，他们开始种植这些种子。每次收获时，种植者都会从最让他们满意的水稻植物中挑选并重新种植种子，比如那些谷物较大的水稻。数千年来，出现了数千种亚洲水稻)”可知，本段主要主要讲亚洲水稻的历史。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Traditionally, growers plant rice in paddy fields — flat land submerged (淹没) under as much as 10 centimeters of water throughout the growing season. This practice return s high yields since many competing weeds can’t survive in such an environment. (传统上，种植者在水田里种植水稻——在整个生长季节，稻田被淹没在高达10厘米的水下。这种做法可以获得高产，因为许多竞争的杂草无法在这种环境中生存)”可知，在水田里种植水稻的优点是它可以保护水稻免受其他杂草的侵害。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“This form of rice production also produces a surprising quantity of greenhouse gases. Flooded fields are the perfect breeding grounds for microorganisms known as methanogens (产甲烷菌). The rice farming contributes around 12% of human-caused methane emissions each year.(这种水稻生产方式也会产生惊人数量的温室气体。洪水泛滥的田地是被称为产甲烷菌的微生物的完美繁殖地。水稻种植每年约占人为甲烷排放量的12%)”及第六段中“Today, many rice growers still flood fields  all season long. Changing old practices requires a major mindset shift,  but going against the grain could be just what we need to keep our  planet healthy and our bowls full.(今天，许多水稻种植者仍然整个季节都在农田里浇水。改变旧的做法需要一个重大的思维转变，但反其道而行之可能正是我们所需要的，以保持我们的地球健康和我们的饭碗)”可推知，目前的水稻种植方式应该改进，使其更加环保。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The roots of rice go back thousands of years to when early farmers in Asia, Africa, and South America each independently planted the crop. Asian rice, however, spread widely and is now a cornerstone of diet and culture in Asia and beyond.(水稻的起源可以追溯到数千年前，当时亚洲、非洲和南美洲的早期农民各自独立种植水稻。然而，亚洲大米传播广泛，现在已成为亚洲及其他地区饮食和文化的基石)”可知，文章主要讲述水稻在人类食物中的重要性以及传统种植水稻方式带来的问题。由此推知，这篇文章应出现在报纸的“农业”版块。故选C项。 Passage3. In 2020 sailors off the Iberian Peninsula began reporting that orcas (虎鲸) were “attacking” their boats. The five - ton heavy fish, capable of swimming at 48km/h— faster than most ships and boats— were approaching, investigating, and throwing itself towards the boats, frightening those on board. Since then, over 670 interactions like this have been recorded, all by a group of about 15 orcas. About a fifth resulted in severe damage, scores of boats were disabled and six boats sunk. A group of experts rapidly gathered and in May they gave their conclusion. The orcas aren’t attacking. Instead, according to the experts, the whales may be bored and playing with the boats. Our boats may just be part of a “craze” in their culture. Dr Patrick R Hof has handled hundreds of whales’ brains. “A human brain is about1.3kg, while an orca brain,” says Hof, “is about 5kg.” A real big one. When Hof and colleagues examined whales’ brains using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner (磁共振成像扫描器), they found that they were “highly unusual... organised in a pattern basically different from that seen in the brains of humans.” Part of the reason for that difference is because toothed whales have so many unique brain functions, from sleeping with half of their brain awake in order to avoid drowning (溺水), to finding directions and mapping their world. From a biological viewpoint, Hof thinks orca brains look capable of behaviour such as learning to play with boats. The scientific agreement is that we shouldn’t call the interactions “attacks”. Online news reports and videos have already appeared of sailors firing guns at orcas. One group of experts issued a letter urging the media to avoid projecting stories onto the animals, as how we decipher them has a big effect on their lives— it could save them or it could drive them to extinction faster. “We should keep cool heads” and “not punish wildlife for being wild”, they wrote. Whatever happens, perhaps we can’t ever hope to fully understand orca behaviour, because their world is water, changing, adaptable. We’re observing a society in development. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By contrasting distinct species. B．By defining characteristics of orcas. C．By illustrating the seriousness of boats. D．By presenting the case of orcas “attack”. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The extraordinarily heavy brains of whales. B．The technique used in examining whales’ brains. C．The scientific explanation for orcas “attack”. D．The biological analysis of orca’s living patterns. 3．What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4mean? A．Protect. B．Strike. C．Uplift. D．Understand. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To draw the public’s attention to orcas. B．To warn sailors of keeping away from orcas. C．To appeal to the public to treat orca s properly. D．To clarify a misunderstanding about“craze” culture. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从生物学角度解释为什么虎鲸会“攻击”周围的船只，呼吁并提出正确对待虎鲸的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“In 2020 sailors off the Iberian Peninsula began reporting that orcas(虎鲸)were ‘attacking’ their boats.(2020年，伊比利亚半岛附近的水手开始报告虎鲸“袭击”他们的船只。)”可知作者通过展示虎鲸“袭击”船只的事例来引入话题。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“When Hof and colleagues examined whales’ brains using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner(磁共振成像扫描器), they found that they were ‘highly unusual... organised in a pattern basically different from that seen in the brains of humans.’ Part of the reason for that difference is because toothed whales have so many unique brain functions, from sleeping with half of their brain awake in order to avoid drowning (溺水), to finding directions and mapping their world. From a biological viewpoint, Hof thinks orca brains look capable of behaviour such as learning to play with boats.(当Hof和他的同事使用磁共振成像扫描仪检查鲸鱼的大脑时，他们发现它们“非常不寻常……组织模式基本上不同于人类大脑所见。”这种差异的部分原因是齿鲸有许多独特的脑功能，从为了防止溺水而一半大脑清醒地睡觉，到寻找方向和绘制它们的世界地图。从生物学的角度来看，Hof认为虎鲸的大脑看起来有能力表现出学习与船只玩耍的行为。)”可知第三段主要讲述了对虎鲸“袭击”行为的科学解释。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“One group of experts issued a letter urging the media to avoid projecting stories onto the animals, as how we decipher them has a big effect on their lives（一组专家发布了一封信，敦促媒体避免将故事投射到动物身上，因为我们如何decipher它们对其生活有很大的影响）”中的“projecting stories onto the animals（将故事投射到动物身上）”及下文的““it could save them or it could drive them to extinction faster. We should keep cool heads” and “not punish wildlife for being wild(它可能会拯救它们，也可以更快地将它们推向灭绝。我们应该保持冷静”和“不要因为野生动物而惩罚它们”)”推断，作者想表达的意思是对于此事件我们一定要正确理解，人类的态度对鲸鱼的影响非常大。所以“decipher”在此处意为“理解”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。综合全文，作者通过展示虎鲸与船只互动的情况，引出科学家对其行为的解释，并呼吁公众正确对待虎鲸，避免误解和不当行为。并且从文章最后一段“Whatever happens, perhaps we can’t ever hope to fully understand orca behaviour, because their world is water, changing, adaptable. We’re observing a society in development.(无论发生什么，也许我们永远无法完全理解虎鲸的行为，因为它们的世界是水，不断变化，适应性强。我们正在观察一个发展中的社会。)”也可以看出，文章的目的是呼吁公众正确对待虎鲸。故选C项。 Passage4. While human population has doubled since 1970, the number of wild animals have dropped by more than half. At its root, this widespread environmental destruction is a result of our growth as a species and increasing food consumption to make ourselves able to continue living. Although climate change casts a shadow over future conservation efforts, farming is the No. l threat to wildlife. We have already changed approximately 75 per cent of the ice- free land on this planet. All of this raises the question: How can we eat well without harming wildlife? One simple step we can all take right now that would have a far greater impact than any other: Cut out the grain- fed beef. The inefficiency of feeding livestock (家畜) grain to turn them into meals for humans makes a diet heavy in animals particularly harsh on the Earth’s resources. For example, in the United States, it takes 25 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of beef. Pigs have a grain- to- meat ratio of 9: 1, and chickens are 3: 1. To make matters worse, the grain we feed animals is the leading driver of deforestation (采伐森林) in the tropics. And it’s a hungry beast. Our cows, pigs and chickens devour over one- third of all crops we grow. Indeed, the grain we feed to animals in the U. S. alone could feed an additional800 million people if it were eaten by us directly—more than the number of people currently living in hunger. Livestock quietly causes 10 times more deforestation than the palm (棕榈) oil industry but seems to get about 10 times less media attention. While it’s certainly true that avoiding palm oil is a good idea, avoiding eating animals that were raised on grain is an even more effective conservation way. Feeding the world without damaging nature is one of the greatest challenges humans face. But with a little planning, better land management and some simple meal changes, many of the solutions are at arm’s length. For wildlife’s future, go forth and enjoy your vegetable burgers. 1．What is the top reason that leads to the dropping number of wildlife? A．Growing crops. B．Climate change. C．Environmental pollution. D．Increasing human population. 2．The author gives the example of beef in Paragraph 4 to show _______. A．the high cost of producing beef B．the difficulty in producing beef C．the great waste of resources D．the great loss of grain 3．What does the underlined word “devour” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Get something easily. B．Ruin something completely. C．Eat something quickly. D．Waste something seriously. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 6? A．It doesn’t matter to consume palm oil. B．People haven’t realized the harm of livestock. C．The media pays little attention to the palm oil industry. D．The palm oil industry does more harm than livestock. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着农业的发展，广泛的环境破坏对野生动物的威胁。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although climate change casts a shadow over future conservation efforts, farming is the No. l threat to wildlife.(尽管气候变化给未来的保护工作蒙上了阴影，但农业是野生动物的头号威胁。)”可知，农业，即种植作物，是导致野生动物数量下降的首要原因。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“For example, in the United States, it takes 25 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of beef. Pigs have a grain- to- meat ratio of 9: 1, and chickens are 3: 1.(例如，在美国，生产一公斤牛肉需要25公斤粮食。猪的谷物与肉类的比例为9:1，鸡的比例为3:1。)”可知，作者在第四段中以牛肉为例，说明了生产牛肉的高昂成本。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“To make matters worse, the grain we feed animals is the leading driver of deforestation (采伐森林) in the tropics. And it’s a hungry beast.(更糟糕的是，我们喂动物的粮食是热带森林砍伐的主要驱动力。它是一只饥饿的野兽。)”可知，我们砍伐森林是为了更多粮食为家畜，因为家畜可以消耗我们所有谷物的三分之一以上，所以猜测devour表“吃掉，消耗”的意思。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“Livestock quietly causes 10 times more deforestation than the palm (棕榈) oil industry but seems to get about 10 times less media attention. (畜牧业造成的森林砍伐是棕榈油行业的10倍，但似乎受到的媒体关注要少10倍。)”可知，棕榈油行业对森林带来的破坏报道很多，而对家畜对森林带来的间接影响却关注甚少。故选B项。 Passage5. AS HE STOOD amid the thick old-growth forests along the coastal range of Oregon, Dave Wiens was nervous. Before he was trained to shoot his first barred owl (横斑林鸮), he had never fired a gun. Wiens eyed the big female owl, which perched on a branch at just the right distance. Then he squeezed the trigger. The owl fell to the forest floor, its carcass (尸体) adding to a running tally of more than 2,400 barred owls that had been killed so far in a controversial experiment by the U.S. government. The experiment is aimed at testing whether the rapid decline in the population of the northern spotted owl (北方斑点鸮) in the Pacific Northwest can be stopped by the killing of its East Coast cousin. The son of a well-known ornithologist (鸟类学者), Wiens grew up fascinated by birds. “It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,” said he. “Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.” The federal government has been trying for decades to save the northern spotted owl, a native bird that sparked an intense battle over logging. After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. Meanwhile, researchers began documenting another threat: larger, more aggressive barred owls which are competing with the spotted owls for food and space and displacing them in some areas. In almost all ways, the barred ow is the spotted owl’s worst enemy: They reproduce more often, have more babies per year, and eat the same prey such as squirrels and woodrats. And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. Because the barred owl has few predators in Northwest forests, he sees his team’s role as apex predator, acting as a cap on a population that does not have one. Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. “Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out.” said Harris. “It’s going to be very common with climate change. What are we going to do — pick and choose the winners?” 1．What did Dave Wiens imply by saying “our backs are up against the wall” in Paragraph 3? A．He still feels guilty about killing the barred owl in large numbers. B．The Northern spotted owl has already been pushed to the brink of extinction. C．Federal officials have been left with no choice but to kill barred owls to save northern spotted owls. D．The U.S. government hasn’t found out exactly why the number of northern spotted owls has been dropping. 2．Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly explain _______. A．how logging affected the survival of norther spotted owls B．why the U.S. government decided to conduct the experiment C．how the U.S. government has managed to protect barred owls D．why barred owls have been able to adapt themselves to life on the West Coast 3．According to the article,what sparked off the controversy? A．Both owls should have been protected by federal laws. B．The killing of barred owls could have been done more humanely. C．Humans shouldn’t be intervening in the maintenance of biodiversity. D．The experiment poses a challenge to the theory of  “survival of the fittest” 4．According to Michael Harris,the problem of northern spotted owls probably resulted from ______. A．the invasion of the barred owls B．logging in the old-growth forests C．the effects of human activities on the habitat of barred owls D．the increasingly serious effects of climate change on ecosystems 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在1990年猫头鹰被列入《濒危物种法》的濒危物种名单后，美国进行了一项旨在测试太平洋西北部北部斑点猫头鹰数量的迅速下降是否可以通过杀死横斑猫头鹰来拯救北方斑点猫头鹰的实验。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,(为了拯救另一种猫头鹰而去猎杀猫头鹰，这有点令人反感)”以及“Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.(尽管如此，从保护的角度来看，我也觉得我们已经走投无路了)”可知，Dave Wiens所说的话表明联邦官员别无选择，只能杀死横斑猫头鹰来拯救北方斑点猫头鹰。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. (1990年，猫头鹰被《濒危物种法》列为受威胁物种，并登上了《时代》杂志的封面。此后，联邦官员禁止砍伐原始森林，以保护猫头鹰的栖息地。然而，它的数量继续下降)”以及文章第五段“And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. (现在，在许多本土鸟类的历史范围内，它们的数量超过了斑点猫头鹰。因此，在最后的努力中，看看他们是否能拯救斑点猫头鹰，联邦官员正在采取措施杀死受联邦保护的横斑猫头鹰)”可知，联邦官员正在采取措施杀死横斑猫头鹰，这是为了拯救北方斑点猫头鹰，第四段和第五段主要解释了美国政府决定进行这项实验的原因。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. (为美国地质调查局工作的维恩斯现在把他的枪看作是人类试图维持生物多样性以重新平衡森林生态系统的“研究工具”)”及最后一段“Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out, (事情在一个世纪前就开始运转了。我们真的必须让这些事情自己解决)”可知，人们应该让这些事情自己解决，由此推知，引发争议的原因是人类不应该干预生物多样性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. (迈克尔·哈里斯是“动物之友”野生动物法项目的负责人，他认为政府应该关注人类对环境的影响，保护栖息地，而不是把猫头鹰当作替罪羊)”可知，根据迈克尔·哈里斯的说法，北方斑点猫头鹰的问题可能是由于人类活动对横斑猫头鹰栖息地的影响造成的。故选C。 Passage6. A new report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) and the Zoological Society of London found Earth’s biodiversity (生物多样性) is decreasing through years of data on thousands of wildlife population s across the world. According to the data, animal population s across the world decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. Experts say the rapid loss of biodiversity is a serious and worrying sign of what’s to come for the natural world. “The message is clear and the lights are flashing red,” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini. Many scientists believe that the main reason of biodiversity drop may be land-use changes driven by human activities such as the development of basic facilities, energy production and deforestation. But the report suggests that climate change, which has had a wide impact on plant and animal species globally, could become the leading cause of biodiversity loss if rising temperatures aren’t limited to 1.5℃. Lambertini said biodiversity loss and climate change are already responsible for a series of problems for humans, including death and homelessness from extreme weather, a lack of food and water and an increase in the spread of specific diseases. But the terrible news comes with signs of hope: Experts say there are possible solutions to the loss of biodiversity. Solutions range from protecting forests to establishing a cross-border trade system in Africa, the report said. WWF chief scientist Rebecca Shaw said that humans have the opportunity to change how they do things to benefit nature. “Little things that we can do every day can change the direction of these population declines,” said Shaw. What little things can be done? For instance, we can start from reducing waste in our daily lives. Simple actions like recycling paper, plastic, and glass can have a profound impact on the environment. By minimizing waste, we lessen the demand for raw materials which in turn reduces the pressure on natural habitats that are often destroyed by the industrial development. 1．How do the experts feel about the rapid loss of biodiversity? A．Anxious. B．Confused. C．Confident. D．Depressed. 2．According to the report, what would contribute to biodiversity loss most? A．Less production of food. B．Developing basic facilities. C．Uncontrolled rising temperatures. D．Declining plant and animal species. 3．What is the main purpose of the 4th paragraph? A．To explore the causes for a range of humans’ problems. B．To introduce some potential methods to promote biodiversity. C．To discuss the importance of the cross-border trade system in Africa. D．To present the problems caused by biodiversity loss and climate change. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Pave the Way for a Simple Lifestyle B．Take a Step to Push Energy Production C．Raise the Voice to Ban Land-use Changes D．Lend a Hand to Slower Biodiversity Loss 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本章介绍了地球的生物多样性正在减少的现象，原因以及人类在阻止生物多样性减少方面可以做的事情。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Experts say the rapid loss of biodiversity is a serious and worrying sign of what’s to come for the natural world. “The message is clear and the lights are flashing red,” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini.(专家表示，生物多样性的迅速丧失是自然界即将发生的严重而令人担忧的迹象。世界自然基金会国际总干事马尔科·兰贝蒂尼说：“信息很明确，红灯在闪烁。”)”可知，专家说生物多样性的迅速丧失是一个严重且令人担忧的信号。由此可推知，专家们对此感到焦虑。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“But the report suggests that climate change, which has had a wide impact on plant and animal species globally, could become the leading cause of biodiversity loss if rising temperatures aren’t limited to 1.5℃.(但报告指出，气候变化对全球动植物物种产生了广泛影响，如果气温上升不限于1.5℃，气候变化可能成为生物多样性丧失的主要原因)”可知，不可控制的气温上升对生物多样性丧失的影响最大。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“But the terrible news comes with signs of hope: Experts say there are possible solutions to the loss of biodiversity. Solutions range from protecting forests to establishing a cross-border trade system in Africa, the report said.(但这一糟糕的消息也伴随着希望的迹象：专家表示，对于生物多样性的丧失，存在可能的解决方案。报告称，这些解决方案从保护森林到在非洲建立跨境贸易系统不等)”可知，第四段的目的是介绍一些促进生物多样性的潜在方法。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A new report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) and the Zoological Society of London found Earth’s biodiversity(生物多样性) is decreasing through years of data on thousands of wildlife population s across the world. According to the data, animal population s across the world decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018.(世界野生动物基金会和伦敦动物学会的一份新报告发现，通过多年来对全球数千只野生动物种群的数据，地球的生物多样性正在减少。根据数据，1970年至2018年间，全球动物种群平均减少了69%)”以及最后一段的“What little things can be done? For instance, we can start from reducing waste in our daily lives.(可以做些什么小事情？例如，我们可以从减少日常生活中的浪费开始)”可知，文章不仅报道了生物多样性丧失的情况，还提到了解决这一问题的可能性，鼓励人们采取行动，从日常小事做起，以改变生物种群下降的趋势。所以“帮助减缓生物多样性的丧失”适合作本文的标题。故选D。 Passage7. The Summer Olympics in Paris is always impressive, but 2024 promised something extraordinary even before the games began — the seats you are sitting on! Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability (可持续性) champions in their own right. The Paris 2024 Summer Olympics made history in terms of sustainability, as 11,000 stadium seats made entirely of recycled plastic are used during the water sports. The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area. The collected plastic was cut and torn into small pieces, processed and turned into new material by a local recycling firm called Le Pavé. After the base materials are produced into plastic seats with different colors, the seats have gone through numerous tests, including mechanical resistance, fire resistance, as well as UV resistance. The recycled plastic chairs proved to be strong and durable, with producers reporting no problems in the production process. The use of recycled plastic seats is part of Paris and France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing downstream emissions (排放) by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 games. Additionally, the city is working to fight against environment worsening by making the Seine River swimmable for the first time in decades, in an effort to host the triathlon (铁人三项) there. The recycled plastic seats not only promote sustainability but also raise awareness about waste recycling, with children being encouraged to throw their plastic bottles into appropriate bins. The Paris Olympics’ use of recycled plastic seats demonstrates the potential of a circular economy, where waste is repurposed and reused, ultimately reducing the amount of plastic waste in landfills and oceans. 1．What is special about the seats for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They won the championship in a competition. B．They are made with a mix of plastic types. C．They are made from recyclable plastic. D．They are produced from local raw materials. 2．Where was the plastic for the seats mostly collected from? A．Recycling firms. B．Local recycling bins. C．All over France. D．International suppliers. 3．What does the numerous tests mainly show in paragraph 3? A．The advantages of the seats. B．The production process of the seats. C．The difficulty of producing the seats. D．The significance of the plastic seats. 4．What is one of the goals of using recycled plastic seats at the Paris Olympics? A．To create continued economic growth. B．To reduce energy consumption. C．To attract more attention to the games. D．To contribute to environmental efforts. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会的座椅使用可回收塑料制成，不仅促进了可持续性，还提高了人们对废物回收的认识。巴黎奥运会对再生塑料座椅的使用展示了循环经济的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability (可持续性) champions in their own right.(这些座椅由当地回收的塑料制成，本身就是可持续发展的冠军。)”可知，2024年巴黎奥运会的座椅特别之处在于它们由可回收塑料制成的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area.(座椅所用的塑料是从塞纳-圣德尼附近的回收箱中收集的，座椅所需的100吨塑料中有80%来自该地区。)”可知，这些塑料主要来自当地的回收垃圾箱，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“After the base materials are produced into plastic seats with different colors, the seats have gone through numerous tests, including mechanical resistance, fire resistance, as well as UV resistance. The recycled plastic chairs proved to be strong and durable, with producers reporting no problems in the production process. (基材生产成不同颜色的塑料座椅后，座椅经过多次测试，包括机械性能、防火性能、抗紫外线性能等。事实证明，回收的塑料椅子坚固耐用，生产商称在生产过程中没有出现任何问题。)”可知，这些测试主要显示了座椅的优点，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“The use of recycled plastic seats is part of Paris and France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing downstream emissions (排放) by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 games. Additionally, the city is working to fight against environment worsening by making the Seine River swimmable for the first time in decades, in an effort to host the triathlon (铁人三项) there.(使用再生塑料座椅是巴黎和法国可持续发展承诺的一部分，其目标是与2012年和2016年奥运会相比，将下游排放量减少50%。此外，为了举办铁人三项比赛，巴黎几十年来首次将塞纳河改造成可游泳的河流，以此来应对日益恶化的环境。)”可知，使用可回收塑料座椅的目的是为了环境保护，实现可持续发展目标，故选D。 二、完形填空 Passage1. Volunteering at Greenpeace is more than a simple individual action. It is a collective force 1 a vision of a greener and fairer world. When I took my first step as a volunteer with Greenpeace Brazil, I had no idea how this experience would 2 my life and my commitment to our planet. Through Greenpeace. I 3 other people, understood how the community functioned, and exchanged 4 with fellow members. Today, looking back, I see how 5 impactful this journey has been, not only for me but also for the communities in the local groups that, we embraced(拥抱) with 6 . What makes this experience even more 7 is how our campaigns come to life through the 8 of everyone and the passion each of us nurtures for the environment. Whether in the fight against climate change, the defense of forests, or the protection of oceans, each of us plays a 9 role in our own way. Over time, I have seen our local community 10 awareness and taking action on local environmental issues, especially regarding the mining 11 we face in our state. I witnessed the building of strong connections with other organizations, 12 our movement for a sustainable planet. My initial motivation for volunteering at Greenpeace was to do my part in 13 the environment. Today, I know that I am doing much more. I am part of a global movement that is changing the world. In this 14 , I have found not only an incredible community of people but also a purpose that 15 me every day. 1．A．improving B．increasing C．discovering D．shaping 2．A．introduce B．transform C．control D．create 3．A．connected with B．competed against C．went through D．got across 4．A．impression B．money C．experience D．work 5．A．incredibly B．strangely C．unfairly D．fortunately 6．A．creativity B．friendship C．success D．passion 7．A．expensive B．welcoming C．meaningful D．inviting 8．A．kindness B．support C．agreement D．consideration 9．A．general B．familiar C．normal D．decisive 10．A．raising B．encouraging C．developing D．building 11．A．benefits B．businesses C．challenges D．operations 12．A．starting B．strengthening C．designing D．reducing 13．A．decorating B．constructing C．changing D．protecting 14．A．journey B．career C．environment D．campaign 15．A．orders B．surprises C．inspires D．calls 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为绿色和平组织志愿者的经历和感受。作者通过参与绿色和平组织的活动，不仅个人获得了成长和见识，而且深刻体会到了环保行动的重要性和影响力。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一种集体力量，塑造了一个更绿色、更公平的世界的愿景。A. improving提高；B. increasing增加；C. discovering发现；D. shaping塑造。根据倒数第二段中“I witnessed the building of strong connections with other organizations,  strengthening our movement for a sustainable planet.”可知，作者目睹了与其他组织建立紧密联系，从而强化了建设可持续地球的运动，由此可知，绿色和平组织的志愿者们塑造了一个更绿色更加公平的世界愿景。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我作为巴西绿色和平组织的志愿者迈出第一步时，我不知道这段经历会如何改变我的生活和我对地球的承诺。A. introduce介绍；B. transform转变；C. control控制；D. create创造。根据后文“Today, looking back, I see how incredibly impactful this journey has been, not only for me but also for the communities in the local groups that, we embraced(拥抱) with  passion.”可知，志愿活动对志愿者本人及社区都有很大的影响，故此处指作者最初加入这个组织时，不知道这次经历将会如何改变它的人生和他对地球承诺。故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过绿色和平组织。我与其他人联系，了解社区如何运作，并与其他成员交流经验。A. connected with与…… 相连；B. competed against与…… 竞争；C. went through经历；D. got across被理解。根据后文“and exchanged experience with fellow members”可知，作者通过绿色和平组织，接触到了其他人及与其他人建立联系。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. impression印象；B. money钱；C. experience经验；D. work工作。根据前文“exchanged”可知，此处指出作者与组织中的其他志愿者交流经验。故选C。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，回首过去，我看到了这段旅程的难以置信的影响力，这不仅是对我而言，更是对我们满怀热情地拥抱的当地群体中的社区。A. incredibly难以置信地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. unfairly不公平地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据后文“not only for me but also for the communities in the local groups”以及后文的“passion each of us nurtures for the environment”可知，回首往事，作者发现这段旅程产生了难以置信的影响，不仅对自己，而且对志愿者们热情拥抱的当地团体中的社区。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. creativity创造力；B. friendship友谊；C. success成功；D. passion热情。根据本句中“we embraced(拥抱) with”可知，作者是出于对保护环境的热情去作志愿者即满怀热情地拥抱当地群体中的社区。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让这次经历更有意义的是，我们的活动是如何通过每个人的支持和我们每个人对环境的热情来实现的。A. expensive昂贵的；B. welcoming欢迎的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. inviting吸引人的。根据后文“Whether in the fight against climate change, the defense of forests, or the protection of oceans”可知，无论是在应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋方面志愿者们都发挥了重要作用，因此作者认为志愿活动是非常有意义的。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. kindness善良；B. support支持；C. agreement同意；D. consideration考虑。根据后文“of everyone and the passion each of us nurtures for the environment.”可知，志愿者活动通过每个人的支持和每个人对环境的热情来实现的。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋，我们每个人都以自己的方式发挥着决定性作用。A. general普遍的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. normal正常的；D. decisive决定性的。根据前文“Whether in the fight against climate change, the defense of forests, or the protection of oceans, each of us”可知，无论是应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋，我们每个人都以自己的方式发挥着决定性作用。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我看到我们当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动，特别是在我们州面临的采矿挑战方面。A. raising提高；B. encouraging鼓励；C. developing发展；D. building建造。根据后文“awareness and taking action on local environmental issues,”可知，随着时间的推移，作者看到了当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. benefits好处；B. businesses商业；C. challenges挑战；D. operations操作。根据前文“local environmental issues,”可知，当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动，特别是作者所在州面临的采矿方面的挑战。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我见证了与其他组织建立紧密联系，加强了我们的可持续发展地球运动。A. starting开始；B. strengthening加强；C. designing设计；D. reducing减少。根据前文“the building of strong connections with other organizations”可知，各个组织之间建立了紧密联系，从而强化了建设可持续性地球的运动。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在绿色和平组织做志愿者的最初动机是为保护环境尽自己的一份力量。A. decorating装饰；B. constructing建造；C. changing改变；D. protecting保护。根据第一段中“It is a collective force shaping a vision of a greener and fairer world”可知，绿色和平组织的宗旨是保护环境，保护地球。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这段旅程中，我不仅发现了一个令人难以置信的社区，而且发现了一个每天都在激励我的目标。A. journey旅程；B. career职业；C. environment环境；D. campaign运动。根据前文“Today, looking back, I see how incredibly impactful this journey has been, not only for me but also for the communities in the local groups”可知，作者把自己参加志愿活动的经历描述成保护地球和家园的旅程。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. orders命令；B. surprises使惊讶；C. inspires激励；D. calls打电话。根据前文“I am part of a global movement that is changing the world.”可知，作者认为自己是一个正在改变世界的全球运动的一部分，这个目标每天都在激励着作者自己。故选C。 Passage2. Green design is the creation of energy-efficient buildings which are flexible and designed for long life. It should have a minimal 1 on the environment, both in terms of products and materials 2 in the construction and in the functionality of the building. A sustainable design should always 3 to amalgamate (融合) environmentally-preferred outcomes throughout the whole life-cycle of the 4 . If a building can adapt over generations and still remain environmentally friendly, it is truly 5 . This is what is at the 6 of sustainable design, the ability to 7 changes through time. Designing for the future is a key part of design, and is of particular importance in green design. How the space will 8 for its original purpose and how it could be used in the future are at the heart of this 9 . Sustainable building also considers whether a space can be used for 10 purposes at different periods during its lifetime. Also, factors such as how easy the space can be 11 and retrofitted (翻新), and 12 the impact the building will have on the environment will make it more sustainable. Green design can often be viewed as a(n) 13 concept, but it actually is simple. It means creating products that last longer and use 14 resources in order to help us create a more sustainable world for future generations. Green design is 15 for society, businesses and the environment. 1．A．balance B．focus C．investment D．impact 2．A．wasted B．collected C．used D．distributed 3．A．happen B．seek C．refuse D．pretend 4．A．service B．practice C．building D．work 5．A．sustainable B．popular C．attractive D．different 6．A．expense B．risk C．crossroad D．core 7．A．adjust to B．refer to C．stick to D．contribute to 8．A．remain B．expand C．function D．account 9．A．problem B．concept C．debate D．program 10．A．original B．recreational C．similar D．multiple 11．A．measured B．cleared C．changed D．designed 12．A．lessening B．predicting C．managing D．judging 13．A．precise B．complicated C．confusing D．imaginative 14．A．extra B．rarer C．local D．fewer 15．A．difficult B．beneficial C．known D．available 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了节能建筑的中的绿色设计，它应该对环境又好且能够经历时间的考验。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它应该对环境产生最小的影响，无论是在建筑中使用的产品和材料方面，还是在建筑的功能方面。A. balance平衡；B. focus焦点；C. investment投资；D. impact影响。根据上文“Green design is the creation of energy-efficient buildings”和下一段中“remain environmentally friendly”可知，绿色设计是创造节能建筑，应是对环境产生最小的影响，故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wasted浪费；B. collected收集；C. used使用；D. distributed分配。根据空前“products and materials”和空后“in the construction”可知，此处指建设中使用的材料，故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可持续设计应该始终寻求在建筑的整个生命周期中融合环境优先的结果。A. happen发生；B. seek寻求；C. refuse拒绝；D. pretend假装。根据空前“A sustainable design”和空后的“to amalgamate (融合) environmentally-preferred outcomes”可知，可持续设计应该始终寻求融合环境优先的结果，故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. service服务；B. practice练习；C. building建筑；D. work工作。根据上文多次提到的“building”以及本文主要讲述建筑中的绿色设计可知，此处指“在建筑的整个生命周期”，故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一座建筑能够经过几代人的改造而仍然保持环保，那么它就是真正的可持续建筑。A. sustainable可持续的；B. popular流行的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. different不同的。根据上文“A sustainable design”以及“If a building can adapt over generations and still remain environmentally friendly”可知，上文提到可持续的设计，如果一座建筑能够经过几代人的改造而仍然保持环保，那么它就是真正的可持续建筑，故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是可持续设计的核心，随着时间的推移适应变化的能力。A. expense花费；B. risk风险；C. crossroad十字路口；D. core核心。根据句意以及下文“at the heart of”可知，此处指“可持续设计的核心”，故选D。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. adjust to适应；B. refer to提到；C. stick to坚持；D. contribute to有助于。根据第一段中“energy-efficient buildings which are flexible”以及上文“a building can adapt over generations and still remain environmentally friendly”可知，绿色设计创造灵活，历经时间沉淀依然对环境友好，故此处指能够适应变化，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个概念的核心是空间将如何发挥其最初的功能，以及它在未来如何被使用。A. remain保留；B. expand扩大；C. function起作用；D. account认为是。结合“how it could be used in the future”可知，此处指空间的使用方式，即如何发挥其最初的功能，故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. problem问题；B. concept概念；debate辩论；D. program程序。此处指上文提到的“green design”这个概念，故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可持续建筑还考虑一个空间是否可以在其生命周期的不同时期用于多种目的。A. original原本的；B. recreational娱乐的；C. similar相似的；D. multiple多种多样的。根据“at different periods during its lifetime”可知，此处指在不同时期用于多种目的，故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，诸如空间改变和改造的容易程度，以及减少建筑对环境的影响等因素将使其更具可持续性。A. measured测量；B. cleared清除；C. changed改变；D. designed设计。空处和“retrofitted (翻新)”并列，changed符合语境，故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. lessening减少；B. predicting预测；C. managing设法完成；D. judging评价。根据“will make it more sustainable”可知，减少建筑对环境的影响等因素将使其更具可持续性，故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色设计通常被视为一个复杂的概念，但实际上它很简单。A. precise精确的；B. complicated复杂的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. imaginative有想象力的。根据下文的转折“but it actually is simple”可知，此处和simple相对，故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着创造更耐用、使用更少资源的产品，以帮助我们为子孙后代创造一个更可持续的世界。A. extra额外的；B. rarer更稀少的；C. local当地的；D. fewer更少的。根据“in order to help us create a more sustainable world for future generations”可知，帮助我们为子孙后代创造一个更可持续的世界，应是使用更少的资源，故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色设计对社会、企业和环境都有好处。A. difficult困难的；B. beneficial有益的；C. known著名的；D. available可得到的。根据文章首句“Green design is the creation of energy-efficient buildings which are flexible and designed for long life.(绿色设计是指创造灵活且设计寿命长的节能建筑)”并综合前文内容，绿色设计有好处，故选B。 Passage3. When I started my Ph. D．, I knew my work was producing much waste, but I took it for granted. That all 1 one day when I saw plastic waste piled against the wall. I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab 2 out of our waste. But the process of making these tools didn’t go smoothly. After months of 3 , I felt worried about my dream. It was a 4 when my colleagues were eager to join us. We created a group devoted to 5 other greener ways. We began meeting every month to discuss some 6 . We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 7 . And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment. By doing these, we could create 8 on how to use each device. Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, which caused much trouble. So, we started to 9 it, asking labs to remove samples that were not 10 anymore and make the most of the remaining ones. Through those 11 , we managed to increase the temperature of several freezers after realizing some samples didn’t have to be stored so 12 . I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t 13 my 3D-printing dream, and I’m determined enough to keep trying. I’ve also learned that if one 14 isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions. I’m 15 that with my colleagues’ help, we were able to do that. 1．A．mattered B．changed C．happened D．worked 2．A．tests B．buildings C．machines D．tools 3．A．struggling B．dreaming C．delaying D．preparing 4．A．lesson B．relief C．signal D．point 5．A．searching for B．settling for C．heading for D．longing for 6．A．solutions B．topics C．articles D．techniques 7．A．randomly B．accidentally C．appropriately D．suddenly 8．A．pictures B．instructions C．patterns D．details 9．A．advocate B．protect C．adopt D．challenge 10．A．issued B．licensed C．needed D．involved 11．A．occasions B．efforts C．experiments D．manners 12．A．deep B．secret C．cold D．high 13．A．discuss B．practice C．realize D．pursue 14．A．position B．power C．direction D．approach 15．A．grateful B．anxious C．hopeful D．curious 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位时意识到了实验室严重的废物问题，开始尝试用废物进行3D打印，但遇到挑战。在同事的帮助下，他们探索了其他环保措施，如回收和节能。尽管3D打印项目未成功，作者学会了寻找替代方案，并对同事的参与表示感激。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我看到塑料垃圾堆积在墙边时，一切都改变了。A. mattered有关系；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. worked奏效。根据下文“I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab 　　　　2　　　　 out of our waste.”可知，作者决定用实验产生的废物制作东西，因此是意识到废物问题的严重性了，情况发生了改变。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去找我的导师，决定用我们的废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。A. tests测试；B. buildings建筑；C. machines机器；D. tools工具。根据下文“But the process of making these tools didn’t go smoothly.”可知，是用废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的挣扎，我开始担心我的梦想。A. struggling挣扎；B. dreaming梦想；C. delaying延迟；D. preparing准备。根据上文“But the process of making these tools didn’t go smoothly.”可知，过程进展并不顺利，因此是经过几个月的挣扎。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的同事们都渴望加入我们时，我松了一口气。A. lesson教训；B. relief解脱；C. signal信号；D. point点。根据后文“when my colleagues were eager to join us.”可知，同事们想加入作者的项目中，应是让作者松了一口气。故选B项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。A. searching for寻找；B. settling for满足于；C. heading for前往；D. longing for渴望。根据下文“We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 　　　　7　　　　. And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.”可知，他们引入了新的回收箱，追踪了实验室设备的能耗，因此是致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始每个月开会讨论一些解决方案。A. solutions解决方案；B. topics话题；C. articles文章；D. techniques技术。根据下文“sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions.”可知，他们开会讨论一些解决方案。故选A项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在了解到一些垃圾如果分类得当可以回收后，我们为每个实验室引入了新的回收垃圾箱。A. randomly随机地；B. accidentally意外地；C. appropriately适当地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文“some waste could be recycled”可推知，一些垃圾如果分类得当就可以回收。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我们可以创建如何使用每个设备的说明。A. pictures图片；B. instructions说明；C. patterns模式；D. details细节。根据上文“And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.”可知，他们追踪了实验室设备的能耗，再结合下文“on how to use each device”可推知，应该是根据能耗情况创建如何使用每个设备的说明，从而实现节能的目的。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我们开始挑战它，要求实验室去除不再需要的样本，并充分利用剩余的样本。A. advocate支持；B. protect保护；C. adopt采用；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, which caused much trouble.”可知，在实验室中，最耗能的设备是超低温冷冻机，它带来了很多麻烦，作者他们想解决这个问题，所以是一种挑战。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我们开始挑战它，要求实验室去除不再需要的样本，并充分利用剩余的样本。A. issued发行；B. licensed许可；C. needed需要；D. involved涉及。根据上文“remove samples”可推知，在实验室中能取出的样本应该是不再需要了。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这些努力，我们设法提高了几个冰柜的温度，因为我们意识到有些样品不需要保存那么冷。A. occasions场合；B. efforts努力；C. experiments实验；D. manners礼貌。根据前文“asking labs to remove samples that were not 　　　　10　　　　 anymore and make the most of the remaining ones.”可知，作者要求实验室去除不再需要的样本，并充分利用剩余的样本，所以是通过这些努力。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过这些努力，我们设法提高了几个冰柜的温度，因为我们意识到有些样品不需要保存那么冷。A. deep深的；B. secret秘密的；C. cold冷的；D. high高的。根据前文“we managed to increase the temperature of several freezers”可知，作者他们设法提高了几个冰柜的温度，因为他们意识到有些样品不需要保存那么冷。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然对我不能实现我的3D打印梦想感到失望，我有足够的决心继续尝试。A. discuss讨论；B. practice实践；C. realize实现；D. pursue追求。根据前文“I’m still disappointed”可知，作者感到失望，因为没能实现3D打印梦想。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还了解到，如果一种方法不起作用，有时最好是退一步，寻找其他解决方案。A. position位置；B. power力量；C. direction方向；D. approach方法。根据后文“sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions”可知，此处是“一种方法不起作用，有时最好是退一步，寻找其他解决方案”之意。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激在同事们的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。A. grateful感激的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“with my colleagues’ help”可知，对于同事的帮助，作者应是感激的。故选A项。 ( 25 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$