UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ “Reading”的课文习读环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

UNIT 3　 Fit for life 1 把握单元 素养目标 主题意识 本单元的主题是“医学进展、疾病与健康”。通过了解基因组编辑这一尖端医学技术的发展状况和应用范围，激发自身的创新精神；了解针灸的作用和特点，培养传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的意识，坚定文化自信。 语法项目 掌握现在完成进行时的概念和规则，并在具体语境中正确运用。 续表 语言输入 听 能从听力材料中获取中国学生近视情况的有关信息， 尤其是数字信息。 读 能读懂关于基因组编辑的演讲稿；能把握说明文的写作目的和写作手法，感悟博大精深的传统中医药文化。 看 能根据所获信息理解并填写笔记中的柱状图。 续表 语言输出 写 能正确理解并使用连接词，增强语义的逻辑性；能运用合理的结构完成关于近视的文章。 说 能与同伴交流讨论中国青少年的近视情况；能清晰地陈述对针灸的态度并举例说明。 Section Ⅰ“Reading”的课文习读环节 目 录 NO.1 精阅读 / 提升阅读“理解力” NO.2 美表达/ 强化写作“基本功” NO.3 慧人生 / 以文化人“增才情” 课时检测 精阅读 / 提升阅读“理解力” NO.1 文意整体把握 Ⅰ.理清文脉结构 possibilities shaping correcting disease benefit controlled inventions debated Ⅱ.把握主旨大意 What's the main idea of the text? A．The origin of genome editing. B．The development of genome editing. C．The magnificent prospect of genome editing. D．The disadvantages of genome editing. √ √ 文意深度理解 (一)阅读理解 1．Which is NOT the function of the information carried by our personal genome? A．To make us grow faster. B．To decide the length of our lives. C．To affect the possibility of getting sick. D．To prevent a certain virus from infection. √ 2．How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By stating arguments. B．By explaining statistical data. C．By giving examples. D．By providing research results. √ 3．How might genome editing make it possible to prevent disease from developing? A．By correcting genes ahead of time. B．By making the abnormal genes right in advance. C．By adding specific parts of the genetic material. D．By replacing some parts of the genetic material. √ 4．What is people's concern about genome editing? A．It will develop too fast. B．It might be used improperly. C．It will make people sensitive. D．It will ruin people's intelligence. √ 5．According to this text，the future of genome editing might be . A．unclear　　　　　　　 B．unknown C．promising D．disappointing (二)阅读表达 1．Try to introduce the genome in your own words. A genome is the complete set of genes of a cell or a living being.It contains various information which determines the characteristics and lifespan of a living being. 2．How can geneticists make changes to genome? By correcting, adding, deleting and replacing special parts of the genetic material. 3．What's your opinion about genome editing? Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.If the technology cannot be properly controlled and restricted, however, it may be misused. 内化读文技法 关注尾段，把握主题 本文是一篇演讲稿。演讲稿的展开方式一般有并列式、递进式、并列递进结合式。本文即为递进式结构，这种结构一般在文章最后总结点题。如本文首先介绍了基因和基因组的概念和作用；然后描述了基因组编辑技术如何用以治疗和预防各种疾病；随后话锋一转，点出这一技术的不正当使用可能会引发道德等层面的问题；最后展望未来，对基因组编辑这一革命性的医学技术予以肯定。 美表达 / 强化写作“基本功” NO.2 (一)赏用词之妙 1．I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today. 赏析：本句中的“am full of excitement”写出了作者对基因组编辑所能带来的可能性满怀兴奋之情。 2．As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 赏析：本句中用however一词与前文内容构成转折关系，引出基因组编辑令人担心的问题。 3．Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. 赏析：本句使用despite使前后文内容形成鲜明的对比，增强了反差效果，突出演讲者对于基因组编辑技术前景的乐观态度。 4．Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 赏析：本句中使用了Without doubt作状语，来修饰整个句子，该表达常用于强调所表述的观点。 [仿写训练]　(选用上述词汇完成句子) ① , I think , sometimes it is unavoidable to tell lies in our daily life. 然而，我认为尽管有其消极影响，但有时在我们的日常生活中，说谎是不可避免的。 However despite its negative effects ② watching TV does enrich children's spare time and broaden their horizons to some extent, the numerous negative aspects can not be ignored. 尽管看电视确实在一定程度上丰富了孩子们的业余时间，开阔了他们的视野，但是众多的消极方面也是不容忽视的。 ③ , the Great Wall is one of the greatest tourist attractions in the world. 毫无疑问，长城是世界上最好的旅游胜地之一。　　　 Despite the fact that Without doubt (二)赏句式之高 1．Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. 赏析：后半句中，“as＋adj.＋as”与表示否定的代词none连用，在此表示最高级含义，能够起到加强语气的作用，引起听众的关注和共鸣。 2．We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”． 赏析：本句中运用了before引导的时间状语从句，具体阐释了采用该技术的时间，然后用分词短语creating ...介绍了采用该技术所取得的结果。 [仿写训练]　(选用上述句式完成句子) ①I have seen many moving films in my life, but _______________ the film we saw last night. 我一生中看过许多动人的电影，但没有一部像我们昨晚看的那部电影那样感人。 none are as touching as ②He arrives at school very late everyday,_____________________ . 他每天都很晚到达学校，这让他的老师很生气。　　 making his teacher very angry (三)赏修辞之功 1．One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. 赏析：本句中出现了多个不定式短语连用，这种排比修辞手法可以增加演讲的节奏感和音韵美，突出演讲者的雄辩口才和强烈感情，增强演讲语言的气势，提高说服力。 2．Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. 赏析：本句中使用了比喻修辞手法，将失控的技术比作失控的汽车，形象地说明了后果的严重性。 [仿写训练]　(运用排比修辞完成下面句子) As a modern college student， I get online everyday____________ ， and . 作为一名现代大学生，我每天都上网获取我需要的信息，下载我喜欢的音乐和电影，和我想念的朋友聊天。　　　 to acquire the information I need， to download the music and movies I like to chat with the friends I miss (四)赏衔接之顺 In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. 赏析：此处运用了时间顺序词In the near future“在不久的将来”、Soon“不久”及Ultimately“最终”，自然流畅地展望了基因组编辑技术在现实生活中的应用及发展前景。 (五)赏描摹之韵(经典开头) Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture. 赏析：这两句是演讲稿的常用开头语，平时可注意积累此类常用表达，写作时直接使用。 [仿写训练]　(翻译句子) 同学们，早上好。我很荣幸能站在这里发表演讲。 Good morning， fellow students！ It is a great honor for me to stand here to deliver my speech. 慧人生 / 以文化人“增才情” NO.3 中医不仅是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，也是中国文化的重要载体，其独特的理论和实践方法对人类医学科学技术的发展具有启示作用。近年来，中医在国际上的影响力逐渐增强，已被多个国家和地区认可并纳入其医疗保健体系，为疾病的预防和治疗提供了新的选择。 China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture.In comparison with Western methods, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach.For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies . ① The core behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence of the balance between yin and yang.Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and yin is the inner base to store and provide energy.When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill. One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法), means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints (穴位) — to restore the yin-yang balance.It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort (艾叶) on or near the skin at an acupoint. The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon.It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China. ② Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles.And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition.The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies.In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. 滴水穿石　 1．由文积词汇 breed v．　　　　　　　 孕育；导致 in comparison with ... 与……相比较 accumulate v. 积累；积聚 all sorts of 各种各样的 safeguard v. 保护；保障；捍卫 superficial adj. 外面的；表层的；表皮的 fundamental adj. 基本的；十分重大的；基础的 appeal to 呼吁 be added to ... 被添加到……上 2．据文悟句式 句①　therefore forming ...philosophies为现在分词短语作结果状语。 句②　本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The first known text，从句中又含有as引导的定语从句as it is practiced today。 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Life-saving heart operation When Tal Golesworthy was told he needed life-saving heart operation in 1993, he said no.Golesworthy has Marfan syndrome (马凡氏综合征)． Back in 1993, when he was living in the west of England, his doctor told him that the aorta (主动脉) in his heart was so enlarged that it would unavoidable burst unless he underwent major operation. “They talked through the options，” says Golesworthy, “and I was not interested.The operation really didn't look attractive.” What he particularly didn't like was having to be on blood thinners after the operation, something that would prevent blood clots (血栓) but presented its own risks: “I was riding motorbikes then, and skiing, so my whole lifestyle would have been affected.” By 2000, however, his condition had worsened.Realizing something had to be done, Golesworthy put his years of experience as research — and — development engineer to good use.He decided he would fix himself.“Learning new stuff and developing new ideas, that was my job，” Golesworthy says. The aorta, he thought, needed support on the outside.And wrapping something around the outside of the aorta would require a special operation.So Golesworthy subjected himself to 30 hours in an MRI scanner; he used 3D printing to create a physical exact copy of the part of his heart.“Luckily, I'd done a lot of work with technical materials，” he says. Strong determination coupled with an original yet practical solution won him the support of two leading surgeons and helped him raise the money to develop his idea.In May 2004, at the age of 47, he became the guinea pig for his own invention.The operation was a success. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Tal Golesworthy患有马凡氏综合征，在被告知需要做心脏手术以挽救自己的生命之后，他创新了一种手术方式，成功救治了自己。 √ 1．Why did Tal Golesworthy refuse the operation at first? A．A better solution was on the way. B．He was afraid of life being affected. C．The risk of operation tended to cause death. D．He would like to be operated in his own way. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“so my whole lifestyle would have been affected”可知，Tal Golesworthy一开始拒绝这个手术是因为他害怕生活会被影响。 √ 2．What helped Golesworthy to fix himself? A．His creative spirit. B．Regular exercise. C．Doctors' suggestions. D．His similar experience. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他的创新精神帮助他治好了自己。 √ 3．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph “the guinea pig” refer to? A．The lovely pet. B．The important assistant. C．The experimental subject. D．The person to raise money. 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句“The operation was a success.”可知，此处是指他成为自己发明的第一个手术对象。所以“the guinea pig”是指“实验对象”。 4．Which words can best describe Tal Golesworthy? A．Creative and kind. B．Strong and imaginary. C．Devoted and generous. D．Determined and brave. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，他是一个坚定的人；根据最后一段最后两句可知，他敢于尝试，是一个勇敢的人。 √ B In 2015, Professor Wang Zhenyi, who specializes in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (急性早幼粒细胞白血病), received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Berna-dette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team. Working at Ruijin Hospital, Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country's highest honor in science and technology in 2010. Born in 1924 in Shanghai, Wang was inspired by a family friend's experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother's death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance, Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital, today's Ruijin Hospital. In 1978, a research paper from Israeli experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn't progress as expected, though.In 1983, another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested, after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid, white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid, Wang's team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA, and they finally verified its positive effect after several months' experiments.In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research, Wang's team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL. To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine, Wang has not patented his research result to date.“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine，” Wang said in an interview.“However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.” Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years, Wang has been well recognized for his remarkable contribution to saving lives. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得国家科学技术最高荣誉的王振义医生的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。 √ 5．Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang? A．To ask for medical suggestions. B．To share her battle against APL. C．To express her appreciation. D．To update information about her treatment. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Giandomenico给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激之情。 √ 6．What increased Wang's determination to become a doctor? A．His grandmother's death. B．His great academic achievement. C．The inspiration from foreign experts. D．The example of a family friend. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His grandmother's death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.”可知，他祖母的去世坚定了王振义成为一名医生的决心。 √ 7．What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Denied.　　　　　 B．Assessed. C．Predicted. D．Confirmed. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文可知，1986年，该药首次用于治疗一名5岁的病人，结果很成功。说明经过几个月的实验，王振义和他的团队最终证实了ATRA的积极效果。故画线词与D项词义相近。 √ 8．What is the best title for the text? A．The application of ATRA B．A doctor with the human touch C．The Chinese cure for APL patients D．A lifesaver with remarkable honor 解析：标题归纳题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了获得了国家科学技术最高荣誉的王振义医生的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。故B项“一个有人情味的医生”适合作文章标题。 C Cancer-fighting genes in elephants could help tackle one of the biggest killers of people, according to research.Despite their large bodies and long lifespans, elephants are much less likely to die from cancer than humans, with death rates of less than 5 percent. The paradox has puzzled scientists because more cells lead to greater replications (复制), which increases the possibility of the body failing to detect damaged DNA or a faulty cell that can result in tumors (肿瘤)．Elephants live for almost as long as humans and weigh up to five tons. However, a group of British and European scientists say they have taken a big step towards solving Peto's paradox, named after the British epidemiologist Sir Richard Peto.Elephants, they say, carry a much larger more diverse group of tumor-fighting proteins. The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills about 167,000 Britons yearly.Cells keep dividing throughout an organism's life, each carrying the risk of producing a tumor.One of the body's weapons is a gene called p53 known as the “guardian of the genome”， which hunts cells with faulty DNA.It encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from combining with others and producing tumors. Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers.Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an elephant's p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit.The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot combine with other cells as easily in the face of dozens. The findings will open the way for research on how p53 genes of elephants are activated and on medical treatment for humans. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明大象的抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。 √ 9．What has puzzled scientists? A．Few elephants end up dying from cancer. B．Elephants live long and weigh enormously. C．More cells lead to higher chances of tumors. D．A larger body is less likely to discover faulty cells. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite their large bodies and long lifespans, elephants are much less likely to die from cancer than humans, with death rates of less than 5 percent.”可知，让科学家们感到困惑的是很少有大象最终死于癌症。 √ 10．What can be learnt from Paragraph 4? A．How many Britons die each year. B．How the anti-cancer gene works. C．How the research was carried out. D．What the findings have been applied to. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句可知，从本段我们可以了解到抗癌基因是如何工作的。 11．What does the underlined word “skirt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Strengthen. B．Detect. C．Escape. D．Cure. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中“One of the body's weapons is a gene called p53 known as the ‘guardian of the genome’， which hunts cells with faulty DNA.”和画线词前文可知，p53基因具有抗癌作用，人类有两种此类基因，而大象却有40种，从而推知画线词汇意思是“绕过，逃避，躲避”，即有缺陷的细胞(致癌细胞)有可能躲避两种抗癌基因，但是不容易躲避几十种。 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Scientists find elephants live longer than humans. B．P53 genes play an essential role in preventing cancer. C．Elephant genes could be key to fighting cancer. D．Groundbreaking treatment for cancer is on the way. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段第一句和最后一段可知，本文主要讲的是大象抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Back pain can make it difficult for you to function in daily life.To be exact, it can affect how you move, feel and think, leaving you no choice but to take some kind of action. 13_ Move more Regular movement helps keep your body flexible and pain-free, especially for your back muscles. 14 ， set a timer to remind you to get up and move every hour.Adding about 10 minutes of activity to your day improves your overall health and increases your length of life. Switch sides Using your dominant side too much can lead to muscle imbalances and more back pain and injuries. 15 ， like opening doors or carrying bags, which can cause you to lean to one side.Remember to switch sides when carrying things, try using your non-dominant hand and change where you sit on the couch to prevent this. Correct imbalances 16 ， you should also be aware of and correct imbalances in movements meant to be symmetrical (对称的)．These include walking, running, cycling, swimming and the like.Your body is designed to perform these activities in a balanced and alternating pattern. 17_ Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future, and actively being mindful of the present moment reduces stress.Stay active, and stop thinking about the past or worrying about the future.Doing mindfulness practices and having breathing breaks into your routine can be effective in reducing back pain. A．Live for today B．Remember the past C．If you sit for a long time D．Think about your everyday activities E．Just as you switch sides to balance your body F．Because it is time to let such imbalances continue G．Read on for the following everyday fixes to relieve the pain 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了缓解背部疼痛的一些方法。 13．选G　上文介绍了背疼对人的影响，G项“继续阅读下面的日常修复方法来缓解疼痛”承接上文，并引出下文缓解疼痛的方法。 14．选C　小标题“Move more”建议多动，下文给出具体的建议；C项“如果你长时间坐着”与下文之间为主从句，表示每小时活动一下的前提条件。 15．选D　下文介绍开门或提包等这些日常活动都会让你身体偏向一侧。故D项“想想你的日常活动”与下文之间语意一致，开门或提包就是对日常活动的列举。 16．选E　下文提醒人们意识到并纠正本应对称的动作中的不平衡，E项“就像你转换身体的一侧来平衡身体一样”与下文逻辑一致，都是为了平衡身体。 17．选A　设空处为段落小标题。下文建议关注当下，而不是过去或将来，故A项“活在当下”引领下文，符合语境。 $$