UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(语法项目——过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态)(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态) 目 录 NO.1 NO.2 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 课时检测 语法专题/ 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 语法专题 / 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 NO.1 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 　　　 　　 　 Walking home two weeks ago, I saw that reconstruction work was being done① on the old market, which had been deserted② for several years.The old gate was being torn down③.The wooden stands were being removed④.Rubbish was being cleared away⑤ from the floor.By last weekend, the demolition work had not been finished⑥.We are all waiting for what will be built.It's said to be a new shopping mall. ①③④⑤处的谓语部分使用了过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作。 ②⑥处的谓语部分使用了过去完成时的被动语态，表示过去某一时刻之前已经被完成的动作，其中⑥处为否定式。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 一、过去进行时的被动语态　 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的被动动作，其构成形式为： (1)肯定式：was/were being done (2)否定式：was/were not being done (3)一般疑问式：Was/Were＋主语＋being done? (4)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being done? [名师点津]　过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动的动作已经发生了。如： ①The experiment was being done when the professor went into the lab last night. 昨天晚上教授进实验室的时候里面正在做实验。 ②The experiment was done last night. 实验昨天晚上已经做完。 [对点练] (1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①—Did you hear the noise downstairs? What was that? —Yes.I forgot to tell you.A new machine (test) then. ②The students' attention (fix) on their study when all the lights went out. was being tested was being fixed ③My father told me that our TV set wasn't ready yet.It _________ (repair) in the factory. ④When we visited my grandparents last weekend, their new house _________________(paint)． ⑤The lost girl (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park. was being repaired was being painted was being looked (2)根据要求进行句型转换 ⑥The boy's father was scolding him when his mother came back. →The boy by his father when his mother came back.(改为被动语态) ⑦His car was being repaired when I came in. →His car when I came in.(改为否定句) was being scolded was not being repaired ⑧The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time. →_____________________________________________________ (对The man进行提问) (3)完成句子 ⑨The bridge this time last month.Now we can cross it. 上个月的这个时候，这座桥还在建设中。现在我们可以通行了。 Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time? was being built ⑩The trees from Monday to Friday last week by us. 上周的周一到周五，我们一直在植树。 ⑪ those days? 那些天这些歌一直在被演唱吗？ were being planted Were the songs being sung 二、过去完成时的被动语态　 (一)过去完成时的被动语态的构成 (1)肯定式：had been done (2)否定式：had not been done (3)一般疑问式：Had＋主语＋been done? (4)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done? (二)过去完成时的被动语态的用法 1．过去完成时的被动语态通常表示一个被动动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成，主语是动作的承受者。 2．当before、 when、 by the time、 until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 3．在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 4．在“It was the first/second/...time that ...”句型中，从句主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 5．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 [对点练]　 (1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①By the end of last year, 10,000 trees (plant) in that village. ②His village (flood) in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents' house. had been planted had been flooded ③As was reported, many a military medical worker____________ (send) to that area to fight the deadly disease. ④If it (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down. ⑤It was the first time that he (warn) against doing such things. had been sent had been repaired had been warned (2)完成句子 ⑥The newspaper reported more than 1,000 people_____________ . 报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。 ⑦ , he went on to search the Internet. 当工作完成后，他继续在网上搜索。 had been killed in the hurricane As the assignment/work/job had been done ⑧By the time he got to the school, . 他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 ⑨His newly written novel by the end of last month. 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 the first class had been finished had been translated into English 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 用所给动词的适当形式填空 A Yesterday, I ① (watch) a documentary about the news industry in the past.I saw that an interview ② (do) face to face.But now, interviews can be done online.I saw news ③_____ (edit) with a pen while it can now be edited on a computer. watched was being done was being edited I saw news ④ (print) on paper while it can now ⑤ (release) on the Internet.I also saw newspapers ⑥_____ (deliver) to readers' doors, whereas news can now be read online. was being printed be released were being delivered B Before I turned over a new leaf, I had always been a very lazy student.I was careless about handing in my homework, and none of my assignment deadlines ① (meet)． Indeed, I would deliberately “lose” my homework in my incredibly messy room, so that I could put off doing it! My parents soon worked out this trick, though, and one day I came home to find that my room ② (clean), and my homework had been met had been cleaned ③ (put) right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk! A present ④ (leave) on the desk, too (I think Mum did that): a book called The Art of Procrastination. had been put had been left 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 NO.2 1．I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. 我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 ★limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt.限制，限定；限量，减量 [用法感知] ①(名言警句)Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit. 生命有限，知识无涯。 ②The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. 文章长度应限制在400字左右。 ③(“建议”类写作佳句)Try to set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it. 试着给你每天要做的事情设定一个限度，然后坚持下去。 [归纳点拨] (1)beyond the limit　　　 超出限度 without limit 无限制地 within the limits of 在……范围内 set a limit to sth. 给……规定限度 there is a/no limit to sth. ……是有限的/无限的 (2)limit ...to ... 将……限制在……内 (3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的；无界限的； 无限度的；无止境的 [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/补全语段) ④As a matter of fact, there is limit to what one person can tolerate. ⑤The time was too (limit) for them to make full preparations for the competition. ⑥Any driver found driving the speed limit will be charged. a limited beyond ⑦We must set a limit the expense of the trip. ⑧A man's life is , but serving the people.I will of serving the people. 人的生命是有限的，可是，为人民服务是无限的，我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。 to limited there is no limit to devote my limited life to the limitless job 2．Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. 我和凯西赶紧把水倒进杯子里给他们喝。 ★pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 [用法感知] ①It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，雨则倾盆。 ②(“环境保护”主题佳句)Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted. 大量的垃圾和废水正被排入河流，结果，水源已被严重污染。 ③(“场景描写”佳句)After midnight it began to pour down, so Huck and Jim had to stay inside the shelter. 午夜过后，下起了倾盆大雨，哈克和吉姆只好待在避雨处。 [归纳点拨] pour sb.sth.(＝pour sth.for sb.) 给某人倒…… pour down　　　 倾注；倾泻 pour out(感情或话语) 奔涌，迸发，畅所欲言 pour ...into ... 向……投入(金钱) [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ④The government has poured millions of dollars the education system. ⑤He was so worried that sweat began to pour his face. ⑥He to me over a cup of coffee. 他一边喝着咖啡，一边向我倾吐着他的烦恼。 into down poured out his troubles 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 If a child is playing sport, he should have fun.However, I believe learning that sometimes you lose is just as important. There is a school of thought that if children are playing for fun，they should not keep score，which seems a bit backward to me.Participation is great, but let's also give them a goal to reach. Sport has winners and losers，which is an important part of its make-up.I believe the greatest joy you can get from sport is when you play hard and produce a win, when you and your teammates work together for your goal. I am a competitive person，but I don't think you're ever too young to start learning that putting effort into something can result in reward (回报)．I'm not saying winning should be the be-all and end-all of the experience for children, but it should at least be a choice. Michael Jordan once said, “I've missed more than 9,000 shots in my career.I've lost almost 300 games.Twenty-six times I've been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed.I've failed over and over again in my life.And that is why I succeed.” Without learning how it feels to win, and just as importantly how it feels to lose, we will bring up children who expect life to be easy.Life is not easy and I believe the sooner children learn that，the better off they are in the long run.But, there does need to be a balance.There are parents who always want to see their children win and will punish them when they make mistakes. I believe the key is to teach children that they should give their all in an effort to win.It does need to be fun or they won't be interested, but they should be graceful in failure.Australian tennis player Nick Kyrgios is an example of someone who appears to have gone too far the other way, always in the news for his terrible attitude on court. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了孩子们在参加体育比赛的时候要理解胜负是有意义的。 √ 1．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Fewer kids play sport nowadays. B．It is participation that matters most. C．Competitive sport is important for kids. D．Kids often have unrealistic goals in sport. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者不认为孩子们为了乐趣而玩耍时不应分胜负，而是认为制订目标、通力合作、理解竞争和输赢都很有意义，由此可推知，作者认为竞技运动对孩子们很重要。 √ 2．What does the author want to show by using Jordan's words? A．Life lies in sport. B．Nothing is impossible. C．Great hopes make great men. D．Failure is the mother of success. 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的“I've failed over and over again in my life.And that is why I succeed.”可知，作者想用乔丹的话来证明失败是成功之母。 √ 3．What will winning and losing in sport teach children? A．The difficulty of life. B．The role of hard work. C．The power of teamwork. D．The need for dreaming big. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，体育比赛的输赢会教会孩子们生活的艰辛。 4．What does the author think of Nick Kyrgios? A．He is not skilled. B．He is not graceful. C．He sets a good example for kids. D．He pays little attention to success. 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“but they should be graceful”及最后一句可知，作者认为Nick Kyrgios没有风度。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 I've always been crazy about running.Ever since I was a boy, running has made me feel free and 5 .But when I was a young adult, I became 6 accidentally.I had to give up running for years.Then I 7_ about running with human guides, and I decided to give it a 8 .I was even able to enter the New York City and Boston Marathons five years in a row.In 2019, I 9 the first half-marathon with the help of guide dogs. But I know it's not 10 for everyone to have a clever, caring guide dog like my Blaze.I founded a(n) 11 called Guiding Eyes for the Blind, to help the blind 12 running guide dogs that can help them live more active and 13 lives. In the fall of 2019, I got an application unexpectedly from some technologists which 14 a phone to recognize a line taped to the ground, and gave audio cues (语音信号) to me while I 15 with Blaze. After months of 16 ， I was ready to test the tech outside for the first time.I'd been 17 30 years to run outdoors on my own.When I arrived at the finish line, I was 18 overcome with emotion.For the first time, I didn't 19 a blind man.I felt I could take charge of my own life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了热爱跑步的作者在遭遇意外失明后仍在导盲犬的帮助下坚持跑步的经历。 √ 5．A.relaxed　　　　　　　 B．curious C．grateful D．surprised 解析：结合语境可知，作者从小就喜欢跑步，跑步让作者感到自由和放松。 √ 6．A.deaf B．poor C．blind D．alone 解析：根据下文中的“have a clever, caring guide dog like my Blaze”及“blind”可知，作者意外失明了。 √ 7．A.dreamed B．heard C．wondered D．talked 解析：结合语境可知，作者失明之后听说有人跟着导盲犬跑步，就想去试一下。hear about意为“听说”。 √ 8．A.show B．change C．lift D．try 解析：give it a try意为“尝试一下”。 √ 9．A.ran B．won C．caught D．missed 解析：此处指在导盲犬的帮助下，作者第一次跑完了半程马拉松。 √ 10．A.necessary B．possible C．important D．doubtful 解析：此处表示作者知道不可能每个人都能拥有像Blaze这样聪明的导盲犬。 √ 11．A.school B．company C．organization D．clinic 解析：作者成立了一个叫做Guiding Eyes for the Blind的组织。 √ 12．A.receive B．accept C．stand D．raise 解析：作者成立组织的目的是帮助盲人得到可以帮助他们过得更加积极和独立的导盲犬。 √ 13．A.responsible B．colorful C．unique D．independent 解析：有了这样的导盲犬，盲人可以生活得更加独立(independent)一些。 √ 14．A.allowed B．required C．asked D．encouraged 解析：此处表示这种应用程序能够让手机识别到绑在地上的一根线。allow ... to do意为“使……成为可能”。 √ 15．A.competed B．agreed C．walked D．met 解析：有了这样的应用程序，当作者在和Blaze出行的时候手机就会发出语音提示。 √ 16．A.promises B．efforts C．supports D．services 解析：经过了几个月的努力，作者准备好了去户外进行第一次测试。 √ 17．A.travelling B．searching C．waiting D．suffering 解析：结合上下文可知，作者一直等了30年，终于等到可以自己出去跑步的那一天。 √ 18．A.constantly B．completely C．gradually D．hurriedly 解析：当到达终点线的那一刻，作者百感交集。completely意为“完全地”，用来表示当时作者的心情。 √ 19．A.think of B．feel like C．care for D．worry about 解析：根据后文“I felt I could”可知，作者第一次感觉自己不像一个盲人，感觉自己能够掌握自己的人生。feel like意为“感觉像……”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 This summer, eight pupils travelled to China to participate in the Chinese Bridge Summer Immersion (深入) Course at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.From the July 10th－27th, my classmates and I had a fantastic experience during which we spent 17 days 1 (become) truly immersed in the Chinese culture.One important aspect of our journey was daily 2 (visit) to Tianjin Foreign Studies University.Each day we took part in a Mandarin (普通话) course 3_ we learned useful vocabularies to help us throughout our trips.We also had the opportunity to have 4 taste of different Chinese cultural activities like Beijing Opera mask painting, paper-cutting and many more exciting activities.These allowed us to have a much 5 (deep) understanding of the culture of China and the traditions of the country. 6 the end of our time in the city of Tianjin before moving on to Beijing, we all took part in a Mandarin test which 7 (prepare) for throughout our time spent in the university.Despite our worries about having to sit a test during our summer holiday, we all succeeded and went on 8 (enjoy) our last week in the city of Beijing before returning to Scotland.I can say 9 (honest) that our journey to China is an unforgettable experience that 10 (remember) and looked back on fondly by all of us. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和同学利用暑假来中国体验中国文化的经历。 1．becoming　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。 2．visits　考查名词复数。visit是可数名词，空前没有限定词，故用其复数形式。 3．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a Mandarin course(抽象的地点名词)，且空处在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。 4．a　考查冠词。have a taste of ...意为“体验……”，为固定用法，故填不定冠词a。 5．deeper　考查形容词比较级。根据语境和“much”可知，此处应用deep的比较级。 6．At　考查介词。at the end of ...意为“在……结束时”，为固定搭配，故填介词At。 7．had been prepared　考查时态和语态。定语从句中，主语which指代先行词 a Mandarin test，与谓语动词prepare之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；再结合语境可知，此处表示在“参加普通话考试”之前已完成的动作，即发生在过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。 8．to enjoy　考查非谓语动词。此处指作者他们考完普通话后，继续享受在北京的一周假期。go on to do sth.意为“继续做另外一件事”，故填to enjoy。注意：不可填enjoying，因为go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”。 9．honestly　考查副词。修饰动词say应用副词，故填honestly。 10．will be remembered　考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代an unforgettable experience，且与动词remember之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；再结合前面的“is”和语境可知，此处指“中国之行将被我们所有人记住”，故用一般将来时。 $$