UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(语法项目——过去完成时)(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage (语法项目——过去完成时) 目 录 NO.1 NO.2 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 课时检测 语法专题/ 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 语法专题 / 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 NO.1 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After George's death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.Before humans arrived on the island, the species had lived in isolation and had eaten the plants that naturally grew there.① George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans had introduced new species that competed for the food the tortoises ate②.After goats in particular had been brought to the island③， the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.Eventually only George remained. 句①中，before 引导的时间状语从句中使用了一般过去时，主句中使用了过去完成时； 句②中，时间状语为by then，故句子使用过去完成时； 句③中使用了过去完成时的被动语态。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 一、过去完成时的构成及基本用法　 1．过去完成时的构成为：had＋过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，疑问式是把had提前。 2．表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。时间状语为by、before等介词(短语)搭配过去的时间点，或使用了含过去时的时间状语从句。 3．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，时间状语常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。 4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope、 want、 expect、 think、 suppose、 plan、 mean、 intend等动词。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①She (learn) some English before she came to England. ②Until then he (know) nothing about it. ③I (finish) cooking dinner before you came back. had learned had known had finished ④She said that she (make) great progress since she came here. ⑤ at the airport, but I was too busy. 我本来打算去机场接你们，但我太忙了。 ⑥ the pain to be unendurable. 他没料到会如此疼痛难忍。 had made I had intended to go to pick you up He had not expected 二、主从复合句中的过去完成时 　 1．在主从复合句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 2．在包含before和after的主从复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 The train (had) started before I reached the station. 在我到达车站之前，火车已经开了。 After he (had) arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English. 到达英国之后，他努力提高自己的英语水平。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) My teacher called me to his office, telling me that I in the writing contest. 我的老师把我叫到办公室，告诉我，我在写作竞赛中获得了第一名。 ②(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed . 我为自己能帮助父母分担家务而感到自豪，这也表明我已经长大了。 had taken the first place I had grown up ③The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized . 他刚交上考卷就意识到忘写名字了。 he had forgotten to write down his name 三、固定句型中的过去完成时　 1．主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时；hardly、 scarcely、 no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)； 2．It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)； 3．It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)； 4．主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ...(从句用一般过去时)。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①I home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ②It was at least three months since . 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 had no sooner reached I had left Beijing ③It was the first time that I in English. 这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ④By the time I got to the station, the train . 我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。 had chatted online had already gone 四、过去完成时与一般过去时及现在完成时的区别 1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 相同点 不同点 一般过去时 都含有表 过去的时间 状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的过去时间状语 过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的 过去时间状语 Alex came to London three years ago. 亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。 Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies. 亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了超过三年了。 [图解助记] [名师点津]　过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时则可以独立使用。 2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 时态 相同点 不同点 现在完成时 动作都发生 在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去 过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去 I have lived in Thailand for five years. 我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到现在这个时间有5年了) I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China. 在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到去中国那个时间点有5年了) [图解助记] [对点练]　(翻译句子) ①我在上学前就已经读过这本书了。 I had read the book before I started school. ②到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 I have heard nothing from him up to now. ③到去年为止，我已经学了四年英语了。 By last year I had learned English for four years. ④当你们到达电影院时，电影开始半个小时了吗？ Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema? 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 Ⅰ.完成句子 ①My parents for a long time before 1990.　 在1990年以前我父母就已经在这个城市居住很长时间了。 ②I , but I changed my mind. 我本来想见他的，但我改变了主意。 had lived in this city had wanted to see him ③My father asked me if I .　 爸爸问我是否已读完那本书了。 ④Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that . 李明去年去了伦敦，那是他第一次出国。 ⑤He the article when the light went out.　 他刚写完论文，灯就熄了。 had finished reading that book he had gone abroad had hardly finished Ⅱ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 A One day in winter My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it ① already (stop) snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our had stopped lawn ② (clean) by my father.I closed the book that ③ (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which ④ (prepare) well on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he ⑤____________ (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before.During the breakfast, we talked about his dream.He said he ⑥ (go) to ski in the mountains with me and our parents, had been cleaned had been borrowed had been prepared had finished had gone and we really ⑦ (have) a good day there.After breakfast, I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day.It was the first time that we ⑧ (enjoy) ourselves together.It was really a happy day. had had had enjoyed B Mr Smith was an ordinary-looking man, but he was very humorous.He could speak Chinese fluently, which shocked us all at first.Later, he told us that he ① (learn) Chinese for more than two years before he came to China.He always tried his best to make his lessons lively and interesting.In his lessons，he often ②__________ (mention) Egypt.He said that he ③ (be) there for had learned/learnt mentioned had been many times.Mr Smith was so kind and loved us so much.He would persuade me to work harder.If I ④ (take) his advice, I would lead a better life now.One day，when Mr Smith heard that one of my classmates ⑤ (fall) off the stairs, he was so concerned that he hurried to the spot at once.Two years later，Mr Smith had to return to his homeland.When we got to the airport，the plane carrying him ⑥ (take) off.We were so disappointed! We will miss Mr Smith forever. had taken had fallen had taken 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 NO.2 His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责政府官员满口谎言和富人逃税。 ★accuse vt.谴责，控诉 [用法感知] ①Some parents are often accused of arranging everything for their children in advance. 人们常常指责一些父母提前为孩子安排好一切。 ②Don't accuse others for your own misfortune. 不要因自己的不幸而责怪别人。 [归纳点拨] (1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth. 控告/指责某人(做了)某事 accuse sb.as ... 控告某人为…… accuse sb.for ... 因……而指责某人 (2)accusation n. 控告；起诉；告发；谴责 [应用融会]　 (1)单句语法填空 ③He was accused a murderer, but the judge found him innocent. ④Some teenagers are accused being spoiled by their parents. as of ⑤He denied the (accuse) that he had ignored the problems. ⑥This football player was charged taking money for not scoring goals on purpose. accusation with (2)一句多译 负责该公司的那个人被控告犯有欺诈罪。 ⑦The man who had taken charge of the company _____________ cheating.(charge) ⑧The man who had taken charge of the company ______________cheating.(accuse) was charged with was accused of 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave.At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects.But have the effects been more positive or negative? The saying “Knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn't always seem to be helping people in the way we'd hoped.Rather than improving people's lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible. Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虚拟的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms.However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world.It's not all bad news, however.Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better.Take our views on the environment for example.Internet campaigns by governments and other organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution. Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives — it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society.However, it has also brought countless benefits to society.At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil, which largely relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved.In short, it needs to be used with care. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大众传媒对社会生活起到的作用是积极的还是消极的。 1．According to the text, the information age today . A．helps people improve their lives B．fully shows “Knowledge is power” C．makes people feel more connected to others D．fails to achieve our expectations sometimes √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn't always seem to be helping people in the way we'd hoped”可知，如今的信息时代并不总是能满足人们的预期。 √ 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．People only connect with online friends. B．Online friends can be a comfort for all people. C．Virtual lives can make people clear of who they are. D．The Internet helps to raise our environmental awareness. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，由政府和其他组织倡导的一些网络运动推广了回收利用、保护野生动物、减少污染等理念，故互联网帮助提高了人们的环保意识。 √ 3．What is the writer's attitude to electronic communication in the last paragraph? A．It should be used in a cautious way. B．It does more harm than good to society. C．Its side effects can't be handled by individuals. D．It should be strictly controlled by the government. 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“In short, it needs to be used with care.”可知，作者认为电子通信应谨慎使用。 √ 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The comfort of the virtual worlds. B．The effects of mass communication. C．The development of mass communication. D．The way to use modern mass communication. 解析：主旨大意题。本文开篇即点题，提出大众传媒对我们的社会产生了重大影响，接着又提出问题“这一影响是积极的还是消极的？”，由此引出下文的讨论。故B项能概括本文主旨。 Ⅱ.完形填空 The four people have persuaded companies to give them ￡250,000 worth of toys and food for nothing.And next Monday, they are going to 5 them to every house across north London.David Goodfellow and his three friends, Benny Crane, James Hunter and Callum Teach, call themselves “The Kindness Offensive”．They specialise in 6 random acts of kindness for total 7 . According to them, it is remarkably easy to get hold of items to give away, if you 8 .“You simply phone 9 manufacturers to see if they are willing to donate something.” Mr Goodfellow explains.“Our phone bills are enormous, but 10 you reach someone sympathetic.” The four friends 11 their work together a year ago.“At first, most people were deeply suspicious，” said Mr Crane, a musician.“They didn't think we'd 12 our promises.” But the group soon learned how to do it properly and convince people of their good 13 . Their first successful “kindness act” was to help 14 a boy's dream of watching a football match and, last October, they gave free food to 15 seekers.“We've met people struggling just to live，” said Mr Hunter, “they 16 want to contribute to society but they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food.” The Kindness Offensive goes to great lengths to 17 media exposure but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another.“What I've learnt is that kindness is 18 ，” David's father said, “ 19 you do good deeds, you'll get a lot out of it and others will follow.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了四个人建立“善意攻势”组织，随机为陌生人提供帮助。 5．A.lead　　　　　　　 B．distribute C．attach D．apply 解析：根据后文“get hold of items to give away”可知，他们筹集到了价值25万英镑的玩具和食物，所以应是分发给他人。 √ 6．A.carrying out B．working out C．making out D．bringing out 解析：根据后文“random acts of kindness”并结合选项可知，此处应是执行随机的善举。 √ 7．A.children B．customers C．strangers D．friends 解析：根据前文“And next Monday, they are going to them to every house across north London.”可知，他们是给伦敦北部的每家每户，也就是向陌生人做善举。 √ √ 8．A.adapt B．depart C．concentrate D．persist 解析：根据后文“Our phone bills are enormous, but you reach someone sympathetic.”可知，他们电话费是巨大的，也就是打很多电话，所以是坚持。 9．A.familiar B．overseas C．endless D．aimless 解析：根据后文“Our phone bills are enormous”可知，他们会没完没了地打电话。 √ √ 10．A.initially B．ultimately C．unfortunately D．naturally 解析：根据前文“According to them, it is remarkably easy to get hold of items to give away, if you .”可知，只要坚持，他们最终能弄到可以送人的东西。 11．A.launched B．concluded C．advertised D．gathered 解析：根据后文“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知，此处指他们开始从事这份工作。 √ √ 12．A.look forward to B．pay attention to C．pass on to D．live up to 解析：根据前文“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知，起初，大多数人都深表怀疑，认为他们不会兑现他们的承诺。 13．A.strategies B．intentions C．methods D．routines 解析：根据前文“But the group soon learned how to do it properly”并结合前文内容可知，刚开始，许多人不相信他们，然后他们学会了如何正确地做这件事，所以应是让人们相信他们的好意。 √ √ 14．A.found B．affect C．obtain D．fulfill 解析：根据后文“a boy's dream of watching a football match”并结合选项可知，应是为男该实现了观看足球比赛的梦想。 15．A.status B．power C．shelter D．peace 解析：根据后文“they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food”可知，他们为寻求庇护的人提供了免费食物。 √ 16．A.reluctantly B．eagerly C．patiently D．passively 解析：根据前文“We've met people struggling just to live”可知，他们为生存而挣扎，所以渴望为社会做贡献。 √ 17．A.avoid B．double C．encourage D．oppose 解析：根据后文“but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another”可知，前后文是转折关系，所以此处表示他们避免媒体曝光，但他们希望看到更多的人为彼此做好事。 √ 18．A.complex B．reasonable C．influential D．accurate 解析：根据后文“you'll get a lot out of it and others will follow”可知，其他人会效仿，所以是有影响力的。 √ 19．A.though B．unless C．until D．if 解析：根据后文“you do good deeds, you'll get a lot out of it and others will follow”可知，此处是在表假设，应该用if引导。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 I first discovered China Daily a few years ago.It was the first time that I 1 (visit) China, and I was waiting for my tour guide 2_ (arrive) at the hotel.I picked up a newspaper written in English — China Daily.I opened the newspaper, and 3 that day on, in every hotel I visited, when the staff asked me, “A newspaper 4 (deliver) to your room？” I would always answer, “Do you have China Daily？” Why had I 5 (immediate) taken a liking to China Daily after just one reading of it? I think that China Daily is a very 6 (influence) newspaper for many reasons.First of all, China Daily 7 (write) about both Western and Chinese culture. 8 example to support this reason is an article I read just the other day: When the Bard (诗人) met his Chinese match.This article is about 9 both China and the UK will honor their most famous playwrights (剧作家) with a series of 10 (event) this year.The playwrights are William Shakespeare from the UK and Tang Xianzu from China.And the newspaper also manages to compare them in a proper way. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和《中国日报》相识的经历及对它的评价。 1．had visited　考查时态。It was the first time that ...为固定句型，其中的that从句需要用过去完成时。 2．to arrive　考查非谓语动词。wait for sb.to do sth.意为“等待某人做某事”，为固定用法。 3．from　考查介词。from ...on意为“从……起”，为固定搭配。 4．delivered　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作定语，且newspaper与deliver之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用deliver的过去分词形式。 5．immediately　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。 6．influential　考查形容词。空处在句中作定语修饰后面的名词newspaper，故用形容词influential。 7．writes　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意“《中国日报》报道中西方文化”可知，这是一种客观陈述，表示客观事实要用一般现在时；write作“写道，(以文字)说”讲时通常不用被动语态；主语为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。 8．An　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个例子”，需用不定冠词表泛指，且example以元音音素开头，故需用An。 9．how　考查宾语从句。此处表示中英两国如何纪念它们最为著名的剧作家。空处在句中引导一个宾语从句，且表示“如何，怎样”，故用how。 10．events　考查名词复数。根据前面的“a series of”和event作“公共活动”讲时是可数名词可知，空处应填复数形式。 $$