UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage (语法项目——动词不定式作主语和表语) NO 1 语法专题/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 NO 2 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解 目 录 课时检测 NO 3 These days, the attitude of many people is just to eat① food that they think tastes good.However, this can lead to an unbalanced diet, which often results in short-term and long-term health issues.To stay② healthy, you need a balanced diet. 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 No.1 语法专题/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 Needless to say, it is not always easy to plan③ such a diet, but the good thing is that there is a lot of advice out there.To save④ yourself some time, you could try looking at a “food pyramid” — a chart that shows you how much of each type of food to eat⑤.You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid⑥ eating packaged foods or fast food.It is essential for you to eat⑦ healthy food.You will feel better, have more energy, and have fewer health problems in later life. ①处的不定式在句中作表语； ②和④处的不定式在句中作目的状语； ③和⑦处的不定式在句中作主语，前面的it为形式主语； ⑤处的不定式在句中作定语； ⑥处的不定式在句中作宾语。 一、动词不定式作主语　 [先感知] ①(教材典句)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　　 ②(教材典句)When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. ③It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. ④It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. [会发现] 动词不定式(短语)作主语时既可以位于句首，也可以后置；后置时，句首要用形式主语_____；动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词应用_____数。 it 单 [明规则] it作形式主语时的常见句式： 1．It＋be＋adj.(important, necessary, easy, difficult ...)＋for sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，描述事物的性质) 2．It＋be＋adj.(kind, generous, considerate, helpful ...)＋of sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征) 3．It be＋n.(fun, honour, pleasure)＋动词不定式(表语为名词) 4．It takes/took/will take sb.some time/money to do sth.　 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. ②(2021·1月新高考8省联考卷)It can be easy ________(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process. to walk to let ③(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. ④We will know how important ______is to have a healthy body. to begin it ⑤Another way of setting realistic goals is __________(analyse) your short and long objectives. ⑥It's a great honor for me ___________(ask) to deliver a speech to everybody here. to analyse to be asked 二、动词不定式作表语 　 [先感知] ①(教材典句)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. ②(教材典句)My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. ③Like the writer, all we can do is (to)look backwards “with a sigh” and (to) imagine what could have been. ④What I wanted to do best was (to) visit the Great Wall. [会发现] (1)动词不定式(短语)作表语时，解释说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 (2)句③中的主语为all we can do，其中含有_________, 故作表语的不定式可省略to。 动词do (3)句④中的主语为what引导的主句从句what I wanted to do best，该主语从句中含有__________，故作表语的不定式可省略to。 动词do (1)句子主语是被动词 do作谓语的定语从句修饰的all, all that, anything, the only thing (way)，或thing 前面有序数词(first, second) 或last 等修饰，或者由“形容词＋最高级”修饰时，作表语的不定式可以省略to； All you have to do is put it in the toaster and wait till it pops up.　你要做的是把它放进烤面包机里，等它弹出来。 (2)句子主语是what引导的主语从句且从句中带有动词 do时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。 What the plan does is ensure a fair pension for all.　该计划的作用是确保所有人都能获得公平的养老金。　 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①What he hoped was ______________(admit) into the university. ②All that he could do was _____________(comfort) her. ③The purpose of education is _____________(develop) a fine personality in children. to be admitted (to) comfort to develop ④Whether travelling abroad will do harm to the senior or good remains _________ (see)． ⑤My explanation seemed ____________ (make) things worse, which drove me madder than before. ⑥Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is _________ (gather) a group of the most talented individuals. to be seen to have made to gather Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 ①________ (be) kind to difficulty is to be cruel to ourselves.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is ②_______ (find) out the root of the problem.Then figure out how ③________ (solve) the problem.It is not advisable ④______ (be) afraid of difficulties in the face of them.Fear of trouble only makes it harder ⑤_________ (move) forward. 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 To be to find to solve to be to move We can take a variety of approaches.One way is ⑥_________ (find) someone to talk to.Another better way is ⑦_______ (look) for experienced people to turn to.In addition, the most effective and direct way is ⑧_______ (take) immediate action.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward. to find to look to take Ⅱ.根据提示完成下面短文 Good afternoon, my dear friends！Everyone has a dream.Some hope ①______________ (成为一名医生) to help others relieve pain while others dream about travelling.My dream is ②______________ (成为一名律师), for I'm an outgoing boy who thinks it's important ③__________________________________ (分清对错)．I will have a great sense of achievement if I help others. to be a doctor to be a lawyer to distinguish between right and wrong ④_________________ (为了实现我的梦想), I'm going to take selective courses ⑤___________________________ (熟悉基本的法律), reading more books on law as well.After graduation from college, I will set up my own law firm whose aim is ⑥________________________ (帮助更多有需要的人)． To realize my dream to get familiar with basic laws to help more people in need I know it is tough ⑦_________________________ (对我来说实现梦想), but I do believe if the dream is big enough, the facts don't count. Thank you. for me to achieve my dream 1．I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. 我全身心地投入到了家庭烹饪中，从在锅里煮面条到在煎锅里煎牛排。 ★throw oneself into投身于，热衷于 No.2 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解 [用法感知] ①(“演讲”类写作佳句)We hold the firm belief that we are to achieve China Dream with so many people throwing themselves into it. 我们坚信，有这么多人投身其中，我们一定会实现中国梦。 ②I decided to throw myself into my study for the rest of the school year. 我决定在剩下的学年里全身心投入到学业当中。 [归纳点拨] throw up　　　　 放弃；呕吐；匆匆建造(某物) throw away 扔掉；摒弃；浪费；错过(机会) throw off 迅速脱掉；摆脱 throw light on 使某事更易理解 [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ③This could be the best chance you will ever have.Don't throw it______! ④Just the thought of eating that food makes me want to throw_____. ⑤This information may throw light ______the mystery. away up on ⑥Two recent papers ___________________these questions. 最近的两篇论文阐明了这些问题。 ⑦Mr Green ________________________those in need after he retired. 格林先生退休后致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。 have thrown light on threw himself into helping 2．As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. 只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅会令你印象深刻。 ★impress vt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到 [用法感知] ①(“景物描写”佳句)Yulong Snow Mountain impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors from home and abroad each year. 玉龙雪山的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的国内外游客。 ②My parents impressed me with the importance of receiving a good education. 我父母使我认识到接受良好教育的重要性。 ③His impressive performance at the concert left a deep impression on me.　他在音乐会上令人赞叹的演出给我留下了深刻的印象。 续表 [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/句式升级) ④Our teacher impressed us _______the importance of industry and economy. ⑤I didn't get much of an ___________(impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it. with impression ⑥Thanks to our wonderful and ___________ (impress) performance, we finally won the first prize. ⑦I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time. →_______________________________, I forgot to go back home in time.(分词短语作状语) impressive Impressed by the beautiful scenery Ⅰ.阅读理解 Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”．But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at Burger King, with a far longer 2,000-year-old history.Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork. No.3 课时检测 Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them.Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago. In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago.The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old! You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy.Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender.Such tenderly-cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang.That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth. It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community.Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西的特色小吃——肉夹馍。 1．What is TRUE about roujiamo? A．A soft but chewy bun with meat. B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years. C．A kind of food ordered at Burger King. D．A typical burger originating in Shanxi Province. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且有嚼劲的饼。 2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing? A．A sea of fierce competition. B．The softness of the meat. C．The soup used to braise the meat. D．Its exclusive heritage recipes. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。 3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in Paragraph 3? A．The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it. B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy. C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours. D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。 4．What are the tones of the passage? A．Humorous and affectionate. B．Ridiculous and religious. C．Serious but affectionate. D．Humorous but ridiculous. √ 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients and prepared in a certain way. 5 ， and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try.But why are some foods more popular than others in certain areas? Traditional ingredients Typical recipes are usually made with native plant and animal products.For example, Korean dishes often include rice and soybeans because both plants are native to East Asia and grow well in hot, wet areas.In contrast, wheat grows well in drier areas, like the Middle East, where bread is a common staple food. 6 ， whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from farm animals. Food preservation Local cuisines often depend on how people traditionally prepared food for storage.In warm weather, meat and fish can go off quickly, so they must be cooked right away or preserved for later. 7 ， for that reason, modern Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods. Cooking techniques 8 .In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water.In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called a tajine.And some local dishes aren't cooked at all. Imported (进口的) ingredients Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally came from another place. 9 ， while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes.However, all of these ingredients were brought to Europe from South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.But now they are common around the world. A．Seafood is often a key ingredient in coastal areas B．There is a danger that local food traditions will be lost C．Many different cooking techniques are used around the world D．For example, Italian dishes often include tomatoes and peppers E．These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its culture F．Nowadays, we can buy food products from all around the world G．In Norway, the Vikings used to “cure” meat and fish by smoking them over a fire 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多国家都有传统的菜肴，这些菜肴用特殊的原料制成，并以某种方式烹制。这些当地的菜肴可以成为一个地方及其文化的象征。 5．解析：选E　根据上文可知，许多国家都有传统的菜肴，这些菜肴用特殊的原料制成，并以某种方式烹制。根据下文可知，当游客参观时，这些是他们想要尝试的食物。该空承接上文，故E选项“这些地方菜可以成为一个地方及其文化的象征”符合语境。 6．解析：选A　根据下文可知，内陆菜则倾向于使用更多来自农场动物的肉。该空与后半句并列，都是所举例的内容，故A选项“海产品通常是沿海地区的关键原料”衔接下文，符合语境。 7．解析：选G　根据下文可知，现代挪威菜包括许多烟熏食品。该空引出下文，故G选项“在挪威，维京人过去常常在火上用烟来烤制肉和鱼”符合语境。 8．解析：选C　根据下文列举不同国家的烹饪方式可知，C选项“世界各地使用了许多不同的烹饪技术”引领下文，符合语境。 9．解析：选D　根据上文可知，有时地方菜的食材来自其他地方。再根据下文可知，许多俄罗斯菜是用土豆做的。该空与后半句并列，故D选项“例如，意大利菜通常包括番茄和辣椒”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient civilization are 1 (attract) things, and so is Chinese food and drink.Like music, dance and painting, eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine 2 (list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines. Nobody could tell exactly how many restaurants a specific city has, let alone the roadside eateries (餐馆) 3 (distribute) in streets and back lanes.Wherever you would like to eat, in the restaurants 4 the roadside eateries, make sure that the restaurant is clean and the food has been 5 (fresh) prepared and is hot. Chinese regard eating as an art, 6 is a comprehensive combination of sight, smell, touch, taste and even sound.Chinese cuisine is an important branch from the Chinese culture and the core is taste while the purpose is 7 (preserve) health.It is a perfect combination of color, shape, 8 (appear) and flavor.Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life. Chinese cuisine has a long history and is famous worldwide 9 its rich tastes and delightful colors.The difference in local climate, history and eating custom in each region has produced local dishes and snacks with their own 10 (characteristic)． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在中国，吃也是一门艺术。本文主要介绍了中餐的相关情况。 1．attractive　考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词things，需用形容词，所以填attractive。 2．is listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是分句的谓语；结合语境可知，本句描述客观情况，时态应为一般现在时；主语Chinese cuisine与list之间为被动关系且为单数，所以填is listed。 3．distributed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 the roadside eateries之间为被动关系，所以填distributed。 4．or　考查连词。此处表示无论你喜欢在哪里吃，(正规)饭店还是路边餐馆，空处前后为选择关系，所以填or。 5．freshly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词prepared，需用副词，所以填freshly。 6．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为art，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，所以填which。 7．to preserve　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，表示the purpose的具体内容，需用不定式，所以填to preserve。 8．appearance　考查名词。空处与color, shape和flavor 并列，因此需用名词形式，所以填appearance。 9．for　考查介词。be famous for意为“以……而出名”，为固定搭配，所以填for。 10．characteristics　考查名词复数。此处表示每个区域因当地气候、历史和饮食习惯的差异会造就具有它们自己特点的本地菜和小吃。空处需要用名词复数，所以填characteristics。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华。你的英国朋友Peter准备到中国来旅游，他说他喜欢中国的美食，尤其想品尝一下火锅。请你给他写一封回信介绍火锅这一中国传统美食，内容包括： 1．火锅在中国很受欢迎； 2．如何制作火锅； 3．人们为什么喜欢吃火锅。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 根据提示补全范文，注意不定式的使用。 Dear Peter， I'm glad to learn that you will travel to China and ①___________ __________ (想要品尝一下火锅)．Here I'll introduce the traditional Chinese food to you. want to taste the hot pot ②______________________________________________________ ________(火锅是中国最著名、最受欢迎的民间美食之一)．No matter when you come to China, people who are eating hot pots can be found everywhere. ③_________________________________ (制作火锅很方便) either at home or in a restaurant.Usually a metal pot is fixed in the middle of the table. Hot pot is one of the most famous and popular folk dishes in China It is very convenient to make a hot pot ④_________________________________ (当锅里的汤煮开的时候), dishes such as mutton, beef, fish and vegetables, are put into the pot.After a while you can enjoy the delicious dishes.⑤_____________ _________________________________________ (在冬天人们最喜欢做的事情之一可能就是去吃火锅) as the hot pot can keep the dishes warm all the time.What's more, there are a great variety of hot pots based on different tastes. Welcome to China and experience it by yourself! Yours， Li Hua When the soup in the pot is boiling One of people's favorite things in winter may be to eat hot pots 本课结束 　 1．表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词、短语或从句作主语时，其表语应该用动词不定式。 2．不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。 3．当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。 归纳点拨 　 be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻 　 be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在某人的脑海/记忆里 (2)impression n. 印象；感想 make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 (3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的 名师点津 impress不能用于impress sb.sth.结构，其间接宾语由介词on/upon引出；impress也不用于进行时。 $$