UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ Learning About Language (语法项目——动词-ing形式作宾语和表语) 语和表语) 课时跟踪检测 目 录 A popular trend at present is spreading traditional Chinese culture①.Many foreigners enjoy learning Chinese②.To understand China better, they prefer traveling around China③ to learning on the Internet④. (语法项目——动词-ing形式作宾语和表语) 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 As Chinese high school students, we should spend more time in practising our spoken English⑤ and devote ourselves to popularizing our wonderful culture to the world⑥. ①动词-ing形式的短语spreading traditional Chinese culture作表语； ②动词-ing形式的短语learning Chinese作enjoy的宾语； ③动词-ing形式的短语traveling around China作prefer的宾语； ④动词-ing形式的短语learning on the Internet作to的宾语； ⑤动词-ing形式的短语practising our spoken English作in的宾语； ⑥动词-ing形式的短语popularizing our wonderful culture to the world作to的宾语。 [语境自主感知] ①(教材典句)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. ②(教材典句)However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite. 慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观　　 ③(教材典句)Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. ④(教材典句)A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. ⑤(教材典句)Perhaps the best example is smiling. ⑥(教材典句)Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. ⑦Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. [我的发现] 以上例句中的加黑部分为动名词(短语)，其中在句中作宾语的有：句_________；作表语的有：句___________。 ②③⑥ ①④⑤⑦ [语法规则点拨] 一、动词-ing形式作宾语　 动词-ing形式作宾语只能用动名词形式。动名词既可作介词的宾语，也可作动词的宾语。 1．作介词的宾语 (1)介词后需用动名词作宾语。“动词(＋名词/副词)＋介词”结构、“名词＋介词”结构、“形容词＋介词”结构后常用动名词作宾语。这类结构有admit to, be/get/become used to, be equal to, devote ...to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。 He objected to changing his job. 他反对换工作。 There's still no hope of winning the game. 仍然没有赢得比赛的希望。 He was fond of speaking French. 他喜欢讲法语。 (2)动词-ing形式作宾语时，前面省掉介词的情况 spend ... (in) doing sth. 花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事方面有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent ... (from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth. 浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事很高兴/费了很大劲 He is usually busy (in) managing his shop. 他通常忙于经营商店。 2．作动词的宾语 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, postpone 建议完成多练习 advise/suggest, finish, practise 喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy, imagine, can't help 承认否定与嫉妒 admit, deny, envy 逃避冒险莫原谅 escape, risk, excuse 忍受保持不介意 stand, keep, mind Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。 He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 3．某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语 (1)start, begin, continue等动词后，既可接动词-ing也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。 (2)在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，接不定式作宾语指具体的动作。 He preferred staying in the house when it rained. 下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨天经常待在家里。) I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我宁愿待在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午待在家里这一具体的动作。) (3)有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 Forget to do 忘记做…… Doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… Doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… Doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… Doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… Doing 意味着做…… 续表 Stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事) Doing 停止做(同一件事) go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) Doing 接着做(同一件事) 续表 Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 (4)在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后可直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。 Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished. 我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。 He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news. 他没有因为这个消息而使自己过于难过。 (5)动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。 The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately. 这个问题需要马上处理。 [对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①After __________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! ②(2022·全国甲卷)I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not _________(stay) out with my friends too late. spending staying ③I often practise ________(listen) and _________(speak)． ④The boy was lucky to escape ______________(punish)． listening speaking being punished (2)完成句子 ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考写作)My head went blank. I ____________ ___________at the prospect of our precious friendship. 我的脑袋一片空白。一想到我们珍贵的友谊，我就忍不住想念她。 ⑥I have never____________________________. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 couldn't help missing her dreamed of visiting that place (3)对比填空 ⑦He likes ___________but he doesn't like _________this afternoon.(swim) (4)一句多译 ⑧这个问题值得讨论。(deserve) →_________________________________ →_________________________________ swimming to swim The question deserved discussing. The question deserved to be discussed. 二、动词-ing形式作表语　 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。这类现在分词有“令人……的”含义，常修饰物。常见的有：moving, exciting, interesting, encouraging, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 The news that you will come to China this summer vacation is exciting. 这个暑假你要来中国的消息是令人兴奋的。 [名师点津]　不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽可能地使报告厅保持干净。 [对点练] (1)试判断下列句中动词-ing形式的类型： A．动名词　　　　　B．现在分词 ①My hobby is collecting stamps._____ ②What you said is really inspiring.______ ③What I am tired of is waiting here alone.______ A B A (2)对比翻译 ④他的工作是粉刷墙。 ________________________ ⑤他的工作将是粉刷这面墙。 ________________________ His job is painting walls. His job is to paint the wall. 三、动名词的复合结构　 动名词的复合结构作宾语和表语有四种形式： 1．形容词性物主代词＋动名词； 2．名词's＋动名词； 3．代词宾格＋动名词； 4．名词＋动名词。 What made all of us worried was his/Jack's not getting to the station on time. 他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。 Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Many people have suggested ________(set) up more theme parks to protect rare animals. 2．By comparison，his worst habit is _________(smoke) while having dinner. 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 setting smoking 3．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from _____________ (appeal) to online games. 4．I still remember ______________ (employ) by the company for the first time. 5．What made her parents incredible was her ________________ (admit) to her dream university. being appealed being employed being admitted 6．We employed ourselves in ___________(prepare) for the coming exam. 7．I had to acknowledge that what you said was really ___________(inspire)． 8．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more ___________(convince)． preparing inspiring convincing Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．I am _______________________________________at your convenience. (look forward to) 我期待在您方便的时候早日收到您的回复。 2．He has been _____________________along the Silk Road since he retired.(dream of) 自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。 looking forward to receiving your early reply dreaming of traveling 3．Do you ___________________for a walk with me after supper? (feel like) 晚饭后你想和我一起出去散步吗？ 4．What made things worse was __________________from the meeting. (doing作表语) 让事情更糟糕的是她缺席了那次会议。 feel like going out her being absent 5．One of his tasks is ___________________________________for the climbing.(doing作表语) 他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。 6．I was ____________________________________so many difficulties.(be grateful to sb. for ...) 我很感激您帮助我克服了如此多的困难。 preparing some food and drinking water grateful to you for helping me overcome 7．I ___________________with so few clothes on.(can't help) 穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦来。 couldn't help shaking 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Statistics show that most toddlers (刚学走路的小孩) learn how to say about 20 words by 18 months. Talking is easy. If you ask anyone, none will remember how they started doing it, it just comes naturally. But what might not flow as smoothly as words is body language. It's a whole different deal when you're using your hands, eyes or head instead of your tongue. And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world. I find it shockingly amazing how just a small finger gesture could mean one thing in the East and the completely opposite in the West. For instance, in Japan bowing is the most common greeting. It shows respect and Japanese pay a lot of attention to the details like the timing, posture and movement. A bow in Japan represents sincerity, respect and graciousness. While in New Zealand Maori the pressing of noses and foreheads is the traditional greeting. They call it “hongi”， which is regarded as the breath of life. For most of us, nodding our head up and down often means agreement, but not for the Bulgarians or Greeks. In both cultures, nodding one's head up and down actually means “no”. The American goodbye wave could actually be interpreted (领会) as a “no” in many parts of Europe and Latin America. And the Italian goodbye wave would be understood in America as a “come here” and the American “come here” gesture would actually be seen as an insult (侮辱) in most of Asia. So before you travel to explore a different culture, make sure you're aware of alternate meanings for body language. We live in a world with many different cultures, so don't forget how differently one hand gesture can be interpreted! 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肢体语言在不同文化中的差异，提醒读者去国外的时候注意这种差异。 1．What makes body language misunderstood often? A．Its wide uses. B．Its smooth flow. C．Its difficulties in understanding. D．The background of different cultures. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world.”可知，肢体语言因为在世界各地存在差异而变得复杂。再结合第三段中“I find it shockingly amazing ... the completely opposite in the West.”可知，这种差异是文化背景的不同造成的。由此推知，不同的文化背景使得肢体语言经常被误解。 2．What does the pressing of noses and foreheads mean in New Zealand? A．Greeting. B．Respect. C．Tradition. D．Breath. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“While in New Zealand Maori the pressing of noses and foreheads is the traditional greeting.”可知，在新西兰，碰鼻子和碰额头代表的是问候。 √ 3．In which country does nodding mean “no”？ A．America. B．Greece. C．New Zealand. D．Japan. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“For most of us, nodding our head up and down often means agreement, but not for the Bulgarians or Greeks. In both cultures, nodding one's head up and down actually means ‘no’. ”可知，在保加利亚和希腊，点头表达的是“不”的意思。 √ 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Origin of Body Language B．The Limitation of Culture C．Body Language Around the World D．The Culture of Maori √ 解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文内容，并结合第二段中“And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world.”可知，本文主要围绕肢体语言在不同国家和地区的差异进行说明。因此，C项(全世界的肢体语言)最适合作为文章的标题。 Ⅱ.根据汉语提示运用本单元语法完成短文 ①________________________ (托尼最喜欢的是钓鱼), so at the weekend he ②_________________________ (迫不及待地去钓鱼) and called Tom. However, Tom ③_______________________________ (不能忍受在潮湿的天气中钓鱼) and ④__________________________ (宁愿待在家中). Tony's favourite is fishing could not wait to go fishing could not bear fishing on the wet day preferred staying at home He ⑤__________________________ (建议推迟这个计划) until the next weekend.Tony was so stubborn that he ⑥____________________ (坚持独自一人去). As a result, he returned home as wet as a rag. suggested putting off the plan insisted on going alone Ⅲ.语法填空 It isn't unusual for foreigners to experience some level of culture shock in China.The country is famed for 1 (it) unique culture, and you will have no shortage of new things 2 (explore) and learn about.China's fast development is likely to make the adjustment more 3 (comfort) for most new arrivals. The language barrier can be 4 big challenge for foreigners.There are a few reasons for this.Apart 5 Chinese Mandarin, hundreds of other dialects exist. In some rural areas, 6 (disappointing), some people can't even speak Mandarin. The second reason is 7 even though young people learn English nowadays, it doesn't give them many 8 (opportunity) to use it.This means that while many people can understand easy phrases, they're often quite shy when it comes to 9 (speak)． People generally don't bother translating things into English outside big cities, where the biggest numbers of foreigners 10 (find). As such, it's a good idea for foreigners to learn a few useful phrases in Chinese before arriving in the country. 语篇解读：文章讲述了随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人来到中国，他们不免要经历一些文化冲突。 1．its　考查代词。be famed for“以……而闻名”。介词for后接名词culture作宾语，故其前需用形容词性物主代词its。 2．to explore　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语will have，故空格需填非谓语动词，根据并列结构learn about可知，空格需填动词不定式to explore，及物动词主动表示被动，作定语修饰new things。 3．comfortable　考查形容词。make之后是宾语the adjustment，空格必须接形容词形式comfortable一起和more构成比较级，作宾语补足语。 4．a　考查不定冠词。此处表示泛指，故空格需填不定冠词a表示“一个”。 5．from　考查介词。介词短语apart from“除了……之外”。 6．disappointingly　考查副词。逗号前面需填副词形式disappointingly来修饰后面的整个句子。 7．that　考查表语从句。系动词is后的句子结构完整，空格需填连接词that引导表语从句。 8．opportunities　考查名词复数。空格前有形容词many，故需填名词复数opportunities。 9．speaking　考查动名词。when it comes to“当谈到”，介词to后需接动名词。 10．are found　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。where引导的定语从句中，主语是the biggest numbers of foreigners，为复数，且与find之间是被动关系，且此处陈述一般情况，故需填一般现在时的被动语态are found。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的法国笔友 Sophie今年暑假将开启她的首次中国之旅。她担心中国和法国的肢体语言有所不同，容易产生误会从而带来沟通障碍，故写信向你咨询相关建议。请你给Sophie回一封邮件，内容包括： 1．欢迎她来中国； 2．提出肢体语言的相关建议； 3．预祝她旅途愉快。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 请根据汉语提示补全写作： Dear Sophie， I'm glad to hear that you intend to visit China this summer vacation. Learning that you want to know more about body language in my country, I'm writing to offer you some advice. Firstly, while French people are fond of kissing when they greet, Chinese people ①________________________________ (习惯于握手). Besides, ②_________________ (站得太近) during a conversation usually makes people uncomfortable. What's more, please note that “OK” sign means approval here, as opposed to meaning zero in France. are accustomed to shaking hands standing too close Please ③_________________________________________________ (记住这些事情以避免任何误解). But ④_____________________________ (没必要太担心), because Chinese people are very understanding and considerate. Not to mention that I'm eager to be your guide. keep these things in mind to avoid any misunderstanding there's no need to worry too much Looking forward to ⑤__________________ (很快与您见面), and hoping you have a good trip in China. Yours， Li Hua meeting you soon 本课结束 $$