UNIT 3 Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节 目 录 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 课时跟踪检测 课文阅读理解 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)理清文脉结构 smooth out comfort achieve the peace failure the better understanding well-meaning the help being with friends carefully chosen (二)把握主旨大意 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to keep friendship. B．How to be a real friend. C．The importance of friendship. D．The way to make friends. √ 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)阅读理解 1．Why do we wish to be alone with our own thoughts sometimes? A．We are tired of being with friends. B．Periods of reflection can make us have personal improvement. C．We want to escape from the world. D．Social life is not important to us. √ [Tip] 借助句间逻辑关系解题 句间逻辑关系一般指并列(标志词：and, or, as well as等)、因果(标志词：because, for, as, since, thus等)、列举(标志词：for example, like, such as, that is等)、递进(标志词：and, furthermore, what is more等)。解题时可借助标志词明确句间逻辑关系，由逻辑关系推导问题答案。如本题可定位至文章第一段第一句，由标志词for可知，该句为因果关系，由此可推出本题答案。　　　　 2．When we seek to be alone, what should we pay attention to? A．We should not always escape into our own world. B．We should let our friends help us. C．We should not pay attention to social life. D．We should always depend on ourselves. √ 3．Which advantage of friendship is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Comfort the heart. B．Lend us some money. C．Help us reach our goals. D．Advise the head. √ 4．What does the first “fruit” of friendship come from? A．One who has joy, sadness, success and failure. B．A friend who respects our feelings. C．A person who is free from failure. D．An individual with whom we can share our joy, sadness, success and failure. √ 5．How many “fruits” of friendship are mentioned in the passage? A．One.　　　　　　　 B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. √ (二)阅读表达 1．Is enjoying the company of a crowd the same as being with friends？Why? No. Because friends are carefully chosen and they can give us comfort, advice and help. 2．Do you think Bacon's opinion about friendship is out of date? Friendship is a permanent topic in human civilization. Bacon put forward some brilliant ideas about friendship, which are still helpful for us to make reflections of life and friendship in the modern world. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 说理散文要明确“理”之所在 本文语篇类型为说理散文。阅读说理散文，首先要知道“理”之所在。说理散文一般不具备完整严密论证的过程，但它常用议论性的语句去表达一种观点，或表达对某一事物、现象的认识、理解和感悟。阅读时可凭借这些议论性语句明确文章主题。如本文首段的议论部分即揭示文章的“理”——友谊对于每个人来说都十分重要。然后全文分三个层面论述了“友谊之果”，即友谊的三种功效：抚慰心灵、启迪思维、帮助我们实现既定目标。 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans. 赏析：本句中使用了happier, wiser和more satisfied三个并列形容词的比较级，强调了友谊的重要意义。 \ 16 2. Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. 赏析：本句中使用了副词naturally作评注性状语，既表明了作者的态度，也起到衔接过渡的作用。 3．As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. 赏析：本句中使用了短语as a result来表达因果关系，这种用法比使用状语从句更灵活，是写作中的亮点表达。 [提能训练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Exercise makes me (healthy), more energetic and more fulfilled. ② (natural), I get upset when things go wrong. ③He got up late today. , he missed the first bus. 他今天起晚了，因此，错过了第一班公共汽车。 healthier Naturally As a result (二)赏句式之高　 1．We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. 赏析：本句中it作形式宾语，不定式短语to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own是真正的宾语，easier为宾语补足语。形式宾语的使用有利于保持句子平衡，增加句子的美感。 2．Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 赏析：此处it should be pointed out that ...意为“应该指出的是……”，其中it为形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。在表述观点时灵活运用这一句式可以提升表达的层次。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①You'll to talk things over with a friend. 把情况和朋友详细聊一聊，你会觉得大有帮助。 ② protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. 需要指出的是保护环境是每个人的责任。 find it helpful It should be pointed out that (三)赏衔接之顺　 1．As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first. 赏析：此处使用了过渡词as a result (表因果), on the other hand (表对比), also (表递进)自然顺畅地将三个句子衔接在一起，令上下文逻辑连贯、语意清晰。 2．本文中第三至六段的段首句分别使用了The first fruit of friendship is ..., The second fruit of friendship is ..., The third fruit of friendship is ..., Finally, ...进行过渡衔接，使整个论述过程要点清晰、条理分明、逻辑连贯。 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Almost two years ago, I stood on a dormitory balcony (宿舍阳台), joined hands with my three closest friends and listened to one of them tell a story about four girls with different backgrounds and gifts who left home and went to college at a place called Happy Valley. After we left our friend's apartment that last night of our freshman year, we ended up on the lawn, playing frisbee (飞盘游戏) and sitting on the dormitory steps talking for hours. Alisa, Karen, Gabriolle and I had spent that day together just being freshmen — going to the sandwich shop for the last lunch of the term, trying on each other's clothes, watching movies and acting like we would never see each other again. For freshmen, and especially for us, saying goodbye at the end of the first year can feel like saying goodbye forever. My advice to any freshmen is to cherish those moments. You may grow completely apart from the people you spent your first year with. Even if you have almost forgotten your freshman year roommates two years later, you can never replace that year and the completely new feeling that your first year of college brings. We learned more outside the classroom than we learned inside it. That dormitory is where we learned the lessons of our freshman years. I think the main lesson I learned was what true friendship is. The story Alisa told on that balcony is far from over. I sometimes wonder if the following is how it will end: “... and those four little girls grew up and realized their dreams. They found themselves all over the country, from farms, to cities, doing everything they wanted to do — a computer technician, a physician, a lawyer, and an architect. And occasionally they would make it back to reunions at that valley and see their friends, laughing about the good times.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了大学第一年即将结束时与好友共同度过的美好一天，并告诫其他大学新生要珍惜大学一年级发展的友谊。 1．Why did the author stand on a dormitory balcony? A．To read a storybook. B．To play frisbee with her friends. C．To enjoy the view of Happy Valley. D．To listen to a story told by her friend. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者站在宿舍阳台上是为了听朋友讲故事。 √ 2．What does the second paragraph mainly focus on? A．A school party. B．Four girls' daily life. C．A common scene described in Happy Valley. D．The last day four girls spent in their freshman year. √ 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句以及最后一句可知，第二段主要讲述了四个女孩度过的大一生活的最后一天。 3．What suggestion does the author give to other freshmen? A．Sharing personal stories with their close friends. B．Treasuring unforgettable moments they have made. C．Remembering to help their close friends wherever they are. D．Inviting their close friends to attend their graduation ceremonies. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My advice to any freshmen is to cherish those moments.”可知，作者建议大一新生要珍惜大一的生活。 4．What does the end of the story suggest? A．Every dog has his day. B．True friendship lasts forever. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．There are many passers-by in one's life. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，最后一段的结尾暗示了这四个女孩将来虽然都有了各自的生活，但是她们的友谊长存。 B There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify (分类) them according to how well I know them and how well they know me. The first type of friend is just an acquaintance (熟人). This means that you only know their names. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don't miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation (恼怒). Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them “pest friends”． The second kind of friend is a “guest friend”. They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don't talk too often with this sort of friend, and you don't share each other's secrets. Lastly, we have “best friends”. This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear, they will be the one to lend support. Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者划分的人生中的三种类型的朋友。 5．According to the writer, when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way, you . A．can tell him/her about it directly B．should stay away from him/her C．should advise him/her to correct his/her behaviour D．may find it hard to tell him/her not to do so √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since most of the time ... you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry”可知，在作者看来，当第一种朋友有恼人的行为时，你可能并不好意思直接跟他或她说不要这样做。 6．If someone is with you through thick and thin, it means . A．he/she is your friend for sure B．he/she agrees with whatever you say C．you spend most of your time together D．he/she is with you even when there are difficulties √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This sort of friend is there when you need them ... that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens.”可知，最好的朋友与你同甘共苦意味着即使有困难，他/她也会和你在一起。 7．What will most probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．How to make friends. B．How friends influence our life. C．How to improve friendship. D．How to get along well with the third type of friend. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Every friend has an impact on our life.”可知，接下来作者最有可能要谈论的是“朋友如何影响我们的生活”。 8．What is this passage mainly about? A．What a true friend is like. B．Three kinds of friends in our life. C．The role that friends play in our life. D．Why there are different kinds of friends. √ 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段讲“我们的生活中有三种不同的朋友”，第二到四段分别具体讲三种类型的朋友，由此可知本文主要讲生活中的三种朋友。 C Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. That is why some friendships don't last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的); be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose your friend's trust. Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them, you help your friend know better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so that you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are exactly alike.But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交到好朋友的三个关键因素：诚实，宽宏大量，善解人意。 9．Some friendships don't last long because . A．there are too many people who want to make friends B．those who give others friendship receive friendship from others C．some people receive friendship but don't give friendship back D．they don't know friendship is something serious √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back.”可知，太多的人希望别人成为他们的朋友，但他们接受了友谊却不给予回报，所以有些友谊不会长久。 10．According to the passage, honesty is . A．something countable B．the base of friendship C．as important as money D．more important than anything else √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Honesty is where a good friendship starts.”可知，诚实是一段好友谊的开始，即诚实是友谊的基础。 11．In the third paragraph, the underlined word “They” refers to . A．generosity and friendship B．generosity and sharing C．your ideas and feelings D．your clothes √ 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend.”可知，分享你的想法和感受对朋友来说是非常有价值的，它们告诉你的朋友什么对你是重要的。由此可以判断出，画线词“They”指的是“你的想法和感受”。 12．What's the best title of this passage? A．How to Be a Friend B．Honesty Is the Best Policy C．A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed D．Three Important Points in Life √ 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知，交朋友意味着要学会三条规则：诚实，宽宏大量，善解人意。所以本文的最佳标题为“如何交朋友”。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 When you feel down, you are expecting to receive support or comfort from your friends.Your friends feel the same way.However, it may be not easy to cheer up your friends when you can't be by their side. 13 Ask if there's anything you can do to help.Different people prefer to be comforted in different ways.Ask if there's anything specific you can do to help your friends. 14 While you're talking on the phone, say something like, “What can I do to help? I'm always here if you need anything.” 15 This simple gesture can really brighten your friends' day.If your friends are in need of comfort, send them frequent reminders that you're thinking of them.Share something that reminded you of them.It will let your friends know that they're still important in your life even if they're far away. List why you think they're special. 16 Send them a list of all the reasons why you think they're amazing.Whether it be their kind and compassionate (富有同情心的) nature, their sense of style, or their ability to find the coolest music, tell them why you are so grateful to know them.After reading what you have listed, they will feel encouraged. Send them a gift.Surprise them with something special to make their day.Arrange for flowers to be delivered to their apartment or mail them one of their favorite albums. 17 A homemade gift, like a knitted (针织的) scarf or a piece of artwork, will lift their spirits all the same. A．Send a gift to them to celebrate their success. B．Thankfully, there are many ways you can help. C．Therefore, you can visit them to cheer them up. D．You don't have to go all out in terms of spending. E．Text them to let them know they're on your mind. F．If they've been down on themselves lately, they may need a reminder. G．The question alone will show your care, and they will appreciate your kind offer. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就当远方的朋友需要安慰或鼓励时如何给予他们关心给出了一些建议。 13．选B　根据空前一句“然而，当你不能陪在朋友身边时，让他们高兴起来可能并不容易”及下文提到的几个方法可知，选项B“值得庆幸的是，有很多方法可以帮助你”承上启下，符合语境。 14．选G　根据空前一句“问问你的朋友是否有什么特别的事情你可以做来帮助他们”可知，作者建议主动询问朋友是否需要帮助。故选项G“这个问题本身就会显示出你的关心，他们也会感谢你的好意”符合语境。其中“the question”与上文相呼应。 15．选E　空处为段落主旨句。根据下文的“如果你的朋友需要安慰，经常提醒他们你在想念他们。分享一些让你想起他们的事情”可知，本段指的是与朋友保持联系。故选项E“给他们发短信，让他们知道你在想他们”引领下文，符合语境。 16．选F　根据下文的“给他们发一份清单，列出你认为他们很棒的原因”以及本段最后一句“读完你所列出的原因后，他们会感到受到鼓舞”可知，这里指的是当朋友心情不好、低落的时候你该怎样做。故选项F“如果他们最近情绪低落，他们可能需要提醒”承上启下，符合语境。 17．选D　根据空前一句“送花到他们的公寓，或者寄给他们一张他们最喜欢的音乐专辑”可知，此时可买礼物送给朋友；再根据下文“一件自制的礼物，比如一条编织的围巾或一件艺术品，同样会振奋他们的精神”可知，礼物无需多贵，心意到了就可以。故选项D“在支出方面，不必倾尽所有”承上启下，符合语境。 本课结束 $$