UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage (语法项目——简单句、并列句和主从复合句) 目 录 语法专题突破 课时检测 新知深化学习 语法专题突破 语境中体悟 Habits, whether they are good or bad①， are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again and again②， he'll be obliged to do it in the same way by some unseen force. Thus habit is formed③. Once a habit is formed④， it is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of it. Therefore, it is very important that we should take care in the formation of habits⑤. Good habits have many advantages, such as going to bed early, and getting up early which makes us healthy⑥. Diligence helps to succeed. If we form bad habits, such as rudeness, laziness, lying and stealing⑦， we might be mined by them. Keep away from bad habits and we'll acquire good habits for ourselves and others⑧. [语法入门] ①句是whether引导的让步状语从句； ②句是when引导的时间状语从句； ③句是简单句； ④句是once引导的条件状语从句； ⑤句是that引导的主语从句； ⑥句是which引导的定语从句；   ⑦句是if引导的条件状语从句； ⑧句是and连接的并列句。 学案中理清 按句子的结构分类，英语句子有三大类：简单句、并列句和主从复合句。 一、简单句　 1．简单句是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。但是有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句。 2．简单句中句子各成分都是只由单词或短语构成的。 3．在简单句中主谓结构是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 4．简单句可归纳为五种基本句型： (1)主语＋谓语； (2)主语＋连系动词＋表语； (3)主语＋谓语＋宾语； (4)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补； (5)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①He often _______________in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。 ②____________________ American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。 ③She _____________and often _____________for the wall newspapers. 她喜欢画画，并常为墙报画画。 reads English Tom and Mike are likes drawing draws pictures 二、并列句　 常用的并列连词有： (1)表示并列，常用and, not only ...but also ..., neither ...nor ...等。 (2)表示选择，常用的连词有or, either ...or ...等。 (3)表示转折或对比，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。 (4)表示因果，常用的连词有so, for等。 [对点练]　(用适当的并列连词填空) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), ______to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. or ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _____to see the pandas settle into their new home. ③(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, _________somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. and but/yet ④(2023·浙江1月高考)During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _______arranged the residential areas according to social classes. ⑤(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in which theatre is made ______where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. and and 三、主从复合句　 1．复合句的定义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 2．从句通常由关联词引导，关联词将从句和主句联系起来。 3．主句为句子的主体部分；从句无法独立，但可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语和状语，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。 [对点练]　(用适当的关联词完成句子) ①(2022·全国甲卷)________ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2, 000 years of their culture ... ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The core (核心) of your relationship is _____ you will always be there to help each other. What that ③__________income we can expect this year is not yet known. ④The man __________is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. How much who/that 应用中融通 Ⅰ.写出短文中各句的句子类型(简单句、并列句和主从复合句) I'm obviously in support of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals.(①_________) But it turns out that it can lead to happiness too. (②____________) Optimism and self-esteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives. 简单句 主从复合句 (③____________)Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives, and have a positive outlook on life. (④_______) Action steps: Make positive thinking a habit. (⑤_______) In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop. (⑥___________) If you get into the habit of squashing (消除) all negative thoughts, you'll replace them with positive ones. (⑦___________) Instead of “I can't” think. “I can”. (⑧___________) It may sound corny (过时的), but it has worked for me, every time.(⑨__________) 主从复合句 简单句 简单句 主从复合句 主从复合句 简单句 并列句 Ⅱ.用适当的连词填空 1．One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _______my daughter heard cries for help. 2．We may not be able to recall the things we have heard or seen, _______they are all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind. when but 3．Now you can have a rest ______go to the cinema. 4．Some of us let these dreams die, ________others protect them and take care of them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine. 5．The short road, the easy path _______the light load all lead to lower grades in school life. or while/but and 新知深化学习 1．So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood. 所以，我们设计了青少年健康网站在通往成年的旅途中帮助你。 ★design vt.设计；制订n.设计；设计艺术 \ 21 |用|法|感|知| •This course is designed to improve our English. 这个课程被用来提高我们的英语。 •Children above 12 can take part in skiing or other sports designed for them to build up their body. 12岁以上的孩子可以参加滑雪或其他专门为他们设计的增强体质的运动。 •She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design. 我们刚离开她就到了，但我不确定这是意外还是故意的。 [归纳点拨] (1)design sth. for ...　　　　 为……设计某物 be designed to do ... 目的是做…… be designed as ... 设计作为…… (2)by design＝on purpose 故意地 (3)designer n. 设计者 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①These programs are designed __________(develop) the economy. ②These tennis shoes are designed _____comfort and performance. ③This is the mark of her real genius as a _________(design)． ④Whether he did it ___________________or not is still unknown. 他做这件事是否有意尚不清楚。 to develop for designer by design/on purpose 2．It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum. 这件事有可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。 ★likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的adv.可能地 |用|法|感|知| •(“邀请”类写作佳句)If you join us in the team, we are likely to win the game. 如果你加入我们的队伍，我们很可能赢得比赛。 •If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job. 如果一个人面试迟到了，他就不可能得到这份工作。 归纳点拨 be likely to　　　　　 有可能……；有希望…… It is likely that ... 有可能…… Sb. is likely to ... 某人有可能……　 [易混辨析]　likely, possible, probable likely 指从外表、迹象上判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语 It is likely that ...或Sb./Sth.is likelyto ... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that ... probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语 It's probable that ..., 不能用于It's probable for sb. to do sth.这一结构 |应|用|融|会| (1)句型转换/完成句子 ①If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others. →If you grow up in a large family, _______________________you develop the ability to get on well with others. ②______________________________________________________if you don't know the Chinese table manners. 如果你不懂中国人的餐桌礼仪，就有可能会让你的朋友感到尴尬。 it is more likely that It is likely that you will make your friends feel embarrassed (2)选词填空(likely, possible, probable) It is ③__________that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn't seem ④__________. In that case, we are ⑤________ to go climbing this afternoon. possible probable likely 3．Right now, it's just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance. 现在，它只是在使你焦虑，并且正在对你的表现产生不好的影响。 ★performance n．表现；表演；执行，履行 |用|法|感|知| •(2021·浙江1月高考写作)Finally, a Peking Opera performance will be given assuming that time permits. 最后，如果时间允许的话，将有一场京剧表演。 •The singer and dancer put on a wonderful performance last weekend. 这位歌手兼舞蹈家上周末举行了一场精彩演出。 •After that, we'll sing their favourite songs and perform folk dances. 在那之后，我们将唱他们最喜爱的歌曲并表演民间舞蹈。 归纳点拨 (1)give performances/a performance (to ...)(给……)表演或演奏 put on performances/a performance 表演；演出 (2)perform vt.& vi. 表演；履行；执行 perform a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用 perform an operation 进行手术 perform one's duty/promise尽责任/履行承诺 (3)performer n. 执行者；表演者 语境串记 　　That famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday's evening party, which has left a deep impression on the audience. 据说那位著名的表演者在昨天的晚会上上演了一场幽默的表演，给观众留下了深刻的印象。 续表 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①I'm looking forward to your wonderful ____________(perform) in the coming games. ②On National Day, our class put _____a wonderful performance. ③Each person of our country has to perform _____(he) own duty. performance on his 4．Cheer up, Teresa.振作起来，特蕾莎。 ★cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来 |用|法|感|知| •(总结升华句)I do hope you can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真的希望你能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！ •(“场景描写”佳句)All her family and her friends came to the game and cheered for her. 她所有的家人和朋友都来到这个比赛为她鼓劲加油。 •He seems in low spirits today, how can we cheer him up？　 他今天看上去无精打采，我们怎样才能让他高兴起来呢？ 归纳点拨 cheer sb.up　　 使某人振作起来 cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer for 为……喝彩叫好/鼓劲加油 　　　　 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①I wrote that song just_________________. 我写那首歌只是想让他振作起来。 ②A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to______________. 1 000名支持者涌进体育场为他们加油。 ③Let's go to the football game and ___________our favorite team. 让我们去看足球比赛吧，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。 to cheer him up cheer them on cheer for 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A pile of shoes on a front porch isn't anything out of the ordinary for most households, but for Heather Duckworth it held a special meaning during her sons' 18th summer. The mom, who has an 11-year-old daughter, 18-year-old twin sons, and a 20-year-old son, wrote a heartfelt post about seeing a pile of shoes outside her door and all that it represents, “These shoes mean that I have a house full of kids, mostly teenagers, in their summer holiday. These shoes mean there is probably no food left in my house. These shoes mean noise and mess but laughter and music as well.” When Duckworth returned from work and saw the shoes recently, they brought on a wave of sadness because she realized that things were changing. Most of the kids who wear the shoes have just graduated from high school and she realizes that time is precious in her 18th summer with her sons. She continues that she knows seeing the shoes in the house means that the kids are safe, but soon all the shoes will be “spread across college campuses” and she knows “all of these shoes might not find their way back home next summer as life takes them on new adventures”． The time might be bittersweet, but Duckworth wants to focus on creating happy memories rather than focusing on the sadness that could come. She is going to be thankful for the shoes and enjoy every moment with the kid. The sentimental (伤感的) post generated a massive amount of interest with it being shared over 88, 000 times in a week and receiving 14, 000 comments. Duckworth was touched by the comments and how the story resonated (共鸣) with so many. She responds, “What a gift you all have given me in knowing that I am not alone in feeling this way. Motherhood is hard, but we are all in this together！” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Heather Duckworth就门廊上的一堆鞋子发表了一个帖子，表达自己珍惜和孩子们相处的时光，对即将离开自己的孩子充满担忧和不舍。此帖子被很多人转发，引发了大部分母亲的共鸣。 1．What do the shoes mainly mean for Heather Duckworth? A．The messy but happy life. B．The tiring and disorderly family. C．The endless and hard housework. D．A lot of household responsibility. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These shoes mean noise and mess but laughter and music as well.”可知，对于Heather Duckworth来说，这些鞋子象征着混乱但又快乐的生活。 √ 2．What change will happen to Heather Duckworth? A．She will be trapped in a financial crisis. B．Some of her children will leave her. C．The kids will not be safe any longer. D．Her children won't love her as before. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Duckworth的几个孩子都已高中毕业，将要去上大学，这意味着有些孩子将要离开她。 √ 3．What can we learn about the comments on Heather Duckworth's post? A．They are made mainly by mothers. B．Most readers disagree with her opinion at all. C．Many mothers have the same experience as hers. D．Many people are interested in placing shoes properly. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个帖子引起了大家的共鸣，由此推断许多母亲都有同样的经历。 √ 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Children's Shoes B．Live More Happily C．The Hard Motherhood D．A Hot Post for Mothers 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Heather Duckworth发表了一篇关于孩子们的鞋子的帖子，表达对即将离开她的孩子的珍惜和不舍。整篇文章围绕“shoes”展开，故A项适合作文章标题。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 Every child admires a hero in his heart, and so it is with me.My dad is always playing the 5 of a hero, because he is brave, skilled, and respectful.I hear many children say their dads are their heroes, but my dad teaches me about becoming a man, which is 6 important for a young boy. My respect for my father goes back a long way, as does patience.As an electrician, my dad has to 7 varieties of people every day, some of whom are nice but some are contrary.Either way, he 8 his well-mannered attitude. Dad is not afraid of many things, or even if he is, he doesn't inform me of anything about it because he wants to seem 9 .He may not be a big guy but since he works with his hands all day, he is very strong.Dad works outdoors in all kinds of conditions, but the worst thing he has to do is 10 up and work in an attic (阁楼) in the middle of the summer.To tell you the truth, this is the 11 place you will experience as an electrician and when you come back down, what is in your lungs will make you 12 for hours. My dad and I have a very good 13 .We talk about almost everything.We go hunting, fishing, and everything a dad and son would do.My dad and I enjoy hiking most because it gives us 14 outdoors and thus we both can have a lot more fun together.Indeed, there is nothing like that.He has 15 and taught me everything I need to know about 16 . I am 17 to be the son of Leo C．， and would not have it any other way.People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.It makes me feel 18 that a lot of people think so 19 of him.He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me.This is why my father is my hero. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中回忆了自己的父亲，以及父亲对自己人生的影响。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中回忆了自己的父亲，以及父亲对自己人生的影响。 5．A.figure　　　　　　 B．role C．image D．deed 解析：根据下文“because he is brave, skilled, and respectful”可知，作者的父亲总是扮演英雄的角色。play the role of“扮演……的角色”。 √ 6．A.hardly B．extremely C．specially D．nearly 解析：根据语境可知，此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是“my dad me about becoming a man”这件事，由此可知，这对于一个男孩来说是极其重要的。 √ 7．A.take to B．deal with C．wait for D．look after 解析：根据空后“varieties of people every day, some of whom are nice and some are contrary”可知，作为电工的父亲每天必须和别人打交道。 √ 8．A.makes B．offers C．hides D．holds 解析：根据空后“his well-mannered attitude”可知，作者的父亲无论面对什么样的人都持有彬彬有礼的态度。 √ 9．A.tough B．proud C．smart D．adorable 解析：根据上文“Dad is not afraid of many things, or even if he is, he doesn't inform me of anything about it”可知，他不告诉作者，是因为他想看上去是坚强的。 √ 10．A.stand B．sit C．climb D．stay 解析：根据下文“work in an attic in the middle of the summer”可知，作者的父亲应是攀爬到阁楼上。 √ 11．A.coldest B．highest C．best D．hottest 解析：根据上文“work in an attic in the middle of the summer”可知，在夏天，阁楼肯定是最热的地方。 √ 12．A.rest B．cough C．ache D．sleep 解析：根据常识和上文“what is in your lungs”可知，此处指肺里的东西会让你咳嗽数小时。 √ 13．A.relationship B．friendship C．agreement D．companion 解析：根据下文“We talk about almost everything.We go hunting, fishing, and everything a dad and son would do.”可知，作者和父亲关系很好。 √ 14．A.comfort B．belief C．time D．relief 解析：根据上文“My dad and I enjoy hiking most”可知，父亲和作者最喜欢徒步旅行，是因为这给了他们户外活动的时间。 √ 15．A.learned B．referred C．shown D．collected 解析：根据语境和空后“taught me everything I need to know about ”可知，父亲向作者展示并教给他关于大自然的一切。 √ 16．A.animals B．nature C．study D．skills 解析：根据上文“My dad and I enjoy hiking most because it gives us outdoors and thus we both can have a lot more fun together.”可知，作者和父亲到户外去远足，他向作者展示并教给他关于大自然的一切。 √ 17．A.excited B．eager C．surprised D．proud 解析：根据下文“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，人们称赞作者的父亲是一个好父亲，故作者为有这样的父亲而感到骄傲。 √ 18．A.well B．good C．nervous D．bad 解析：根据前文“I am to be the son of Leo C．”以及“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，作者为拥有一个好父亲而感到骄傲，故别人高度赞扬父亲时让作者感觉很高兴。feel good“感到愉快，感到高兴”。 √ 19．A.easily B．seriously C．highly D．lightly 解析：根据上文“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，人们对父亲评价很高。think highly of sb.“高度评价某人”。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I had the opportunity to interact with many 1 (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more item to the list of problems. About two 2 (three) of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their appearance”. While there were no gender differences in worries about school, girls are anxious about 3 (get) along with parents and what to do when they are older. Girls 4 (prove) to worry more about personal problems and romantic relationship, and are more 5 (concern) about their own images in peer group. In fact, the only thing 6 boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities. 7 parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take 8 (responsible) for what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford 9 (ignore) the parental duties of bringing them up well from the time they are young. Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend most of the time 10 cannot give them a bright future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了青少年所面临的一些问题并提出了解决方法。 1．teenagers　考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处表示“青少年”；由空前的“many”可知，此处需要填名词的复数形式，故填teenagers。 2．thirds　考查数词。 “基数词＋序数词”是分数的表达法，当分子大于一时，分母要用序数词的复数形式。 3．getting　考查非谓语动词。空处应用动名词形式作介词about的宾语。 4．are proven　考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，空处在句中作谓语，且和主语Girls之间构成被动关系，表示一般情况，故填are proven。 5．concerned　考查形容词。空处应用形容词作are的表语，且be concerned about 为固定搭配，意为“关心”。 6．that　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词thing在从句中充当宾语，且被the only 修饰，一般用that引导从句。 7．What　考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中充当do的宾语，且指代事物，故用What。 8．responsibility　考查名词。空处作take的宾语，需要用名词形式；take responsibility for为固定搭配，表示“对……负责”。 9．to ignore　考查非谓语动词。空处作动词afford的宾语，afford后应接不定式作宾语，故填to ignore。 10．on　考查介词。that指代先行词gadgets，在定语从句中作空处的宾语，固定搭配spend time on意为“在……上花费时间”，故填on。 本课结束 $$