Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

Sentences elements & Sentence structures 句子成分和句子类型 Made by @Fermina Sentence elements subject 主语 verb 谓语 attributive 定语 predicative 表语 adverbial 状语 object 宾语 object complement 宾语补足语 Sentence Elements 句子成分 The boy gets up at six o’clock every morning. I have just finished my first day of senior high school. Twenty years is a short time in history. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. To realize your potential means you need to set a goal first subject（主语） 句子所谈论的主体、发出动作者 名 代 数词 动名词 不定式 verb（谓语） 又称“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态 1. 简单谓语： 动词/动词词组 Opportunity lies in each challenge. I enjoy my senior school life. 2. 复合谓语 : 情态动词/助动词+动词 You will discover your potential. He doesn’t like his new school. verb（谓语） 情态动词：can，could，may， might, will，shall， would，should， must，need，have to， ought to, dare，dared 助动词：be （is, am, are, was, were, being, been） 进行态/被动语态 have （has, had, having） 完成时 do （does, did） 强调/三单/过去时 shall，will （should, would） 将来时 Unit8 A green world verb（谓语） He is watching TV now. The machine was made in China. She has been working all day. John should be punished. I must have been sent to Yueya senior high school by then. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. object（宾语） 指动作的对象、承受动作者 有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（direct object） We should develop good study habits. Jack offered me some helpful advice. 间接宾语 直接宾语 双宾语动词： award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell, bring, do, pass, sell, send, sing, write... object（宾语） Show your passport, please! He is watching TV now. Fermina likes all of us. I want to fight ten of them. Nobody knows who can pass the exam. Tom gave me a book. Unit8 A green world predicative（表语） 连系动词(Linking verb)后面的成分，说明主语的身份、特征和状态 常见的系动词： be动词 五感官：feel, look, sound，smell，taste 状态：seem，appear 变化： become, get, turn，go 持续：remain，stay，keep He is a teacher(名词）. I taste it (代词）. She seemed happy（形容词）. Everything goes worse. He keeps silent at the meeting. 谓语动词>系动词 attributive（定语） 修饰名词或代词。常翻译成“...的” 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前 短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后 (后置定语) I went to a large library yesterday. He doesn’t have anything to do at the moment. attributive（定语） China is a great socialist . I have a pencil box. You should take my advice. I have two brothers. Can you pass me the book there ? Potential is your natural ability that can be developed. Adj. Pron. 定语从句 N. 数词 副词 attributive（定语） Tourists from different countries enjoy Chinese food. The boy to take the ball is my son. There is a reading room in our department. The wounded soldier was taken off to the hospital. The lady who is standing there is our teacher. 定语通常由形容词担任， 也可以由名词、 代词、数词、 副词、 介词短语、非谓语形式或从句充当。 介词短语作定语 非谓语形式作定语 从句作定语（定语从句） Unit8 A green world adverbial（状语） 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。 I am very confident. I learnt a lot about school life in the UK. In the morning, people go to work. When I was young, there were many clubs to join. I came here because I want protect my family. I studied hard, so I pass the exam. Since you are a student, you should be responsible for your study. complement（补语） 用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况 补语分为主语补语（subject complement) 和宾语补语（object complement） He is made chairman of the club. Listening to music makes me relaxed. 宾语补语 主语补语 object complement（宾语补足语） They elected me the president. I find driving easy. My wife locked me out. I smell something burning in the kitchen. I find my son beaten by someone. Your wife won’t allow us to play cards. 名词 形容词 副词 doing 现在分时 done 过去分词 to do 不定式 I find her pretty. （形容词） I find her a pretty gril. （名词） I find her smiling. （现在分词） I find her followed by many cameras. （过去分词） 可以做宾补的词性是不定式（to do)，名词，形容词，副词，非谓语 (doing/done/to do/do)。 complement（补语） She is found pretty. （形容词） She is found a pretty girl. （名词） She is found smiling. （现在分词） She is found followed by many cameras. （过去分词） My friend who wears long black hair told me that she got married Last month in Beijing, which made me surprised. 主 主 主 谓 谓 谓 谓 主 定 宾 状 宾 宾 补 宾 英语句子的灵魂是？ 谓语动词 verb verb 1 不及物动词 verb 2 单及物动词 verb 3 双及物动词/授予动词 verb 4 复杂及物动词 verb 5 非动作 5 大 基本 句型 S ＋ V 主 谓 He goes away.他走了。 The boy is crying. 这个小男孩在哭。 I run 我跑步。 Every second counts.分秒必争。 The girl sleeps .女孩睡觉。 不及物动词VI：不需要宾语O，就可以独立完成的动作 The man died. The poor kid raised by his grandparents succeded. He runs quickly. They listened carefully. Fermina left. A student is improving. practice 单及物动词 Vt：需要一个宾语O（动作承受者） I study English.我学习英语。 I hate smoking. 我讨厌抽烟。 They enjoy dancing. 他们享受跳舞。 She is writing a letter. 他在写信。 He knows that he is wrong. 他知道他错了。 S ＋ V ＋ O 主 谓 宾 She bought a new car. I love her per-so-na-lity. Fermina lost her con-fi-den-ce. They enjoy bal-let. She needs an ex-pe-ri-ment. practice 双及物动词：需要2个宾语O 授予动词 You bought me a new dictionary. She gave me a new dress. I told him the secret. I sent them a letter. 授予动词：give, ask, send, teach, tell, buy, offer, provide, supply, pass... S ＋ V ＋ 人IO＋物DO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 S ＋ V ＋ 人IO＋物DO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 S ＋ V ＋物DO＋for/to ＋ 人IO 主 谓 直宾 for/to 间宾 You bought me a new dictionary. She gave me a new dress. I told him the secret. I sent them a letter. I book you a restaurant. You bought a dictionary for me. She gave a dress to me. I told the secret to him. I sent a letter to them. I book a restaurant for you. practice 我给了她一张教学卡片（flash card）。 他教了我一些学习策略（strategy）。 Fermina将会给我们讲个笑话。 give—gave teach—taught I gave her a flash card. He taught me some study strategies. Fermina will tell us a joke. 复杂及物动词：需要1个宾o, ＋补充说明 We keep the table clean. 我们保持桌子干净。 You made me happy. 你让我开心。 We think you smart.我认为你聪明。 I heard him singing a song. 我听见他在唱歌。 I found most of students and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现大多数学生和老师很友好且有帮助。 S ＋ V ＋ O＋C 主 谓 宾 补 S ＋ V ＋ O＋C 主 谓 宾 宾补 He makes the world better place. I wish you good luck. Love makes people stupid. We keep the room clean. My mother asked me to do the dishes. He made me lie. I don’t mind him staying up. Do you hear someone crying. I couldn’t make myself understood. n.名词 n.名词 adj.形容词 adj.形容词 to do 不定式 省略to的不定时 ving ving done practice I paint my room pink. I had my hair cut. I see my children exchanging their opionions. She drive me annoyed. Fermina allows us to take notes. find the object complement. 找宾语补足语 to do 不定式 adj.形容词 done 动词过去分词 表被动 doing 动词现在分词表进行 adj.形容词 S V O C / S V IO DO S V IO DO You bought me a new dictionary. S V O C We keep the table clean. O C转化为主系表The table is clean. √ IO DO 转化为主系表I am a new dictionary. × 主谓双宾 不能＋be转化为 主系表 主谓宾补 能够＋be转化为 主系表 S V O C / S V IO DO S V IO DO You bought me a new dictionary. S V O C We keep the table clean. O C位置互换 We keep clean the table.× IO DO 位置互换. You bought a dictionary for me. √ 主谓双宾 能够互换位置 主谓宾补 不能互换位置 practice I gave him a thousand dollars. They found the man honest. We elected Li Hua our monitor. My brother sent me a letter last month. I found the film interesting. tell their sentence structure. 分辨 S V O C S V IO DO S V O C S V IO DO S V O C 非动作 She is outgoing. Fermina looks annoyed. Mr. Yan looks frightened. The cake tastes delicious. I am a designer. Class two is confident. practice 思考： 主谓宾 主系表的区别 S ＋ V ＋ P 主 系 表 状态 be The doctor are very patient. 持续 keep, remain, stay, He always kept silent. 像 seem, appear, look He seems (to be) very sad. 感官 feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. 变化 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run She grew rich within a short time. 终止 prove, turn out His plan turned out a success. 连系动词（Link-verb）:起连系作用的词语。 主谓宾：做什么 主系表：怎么样 是什么 Miss. Lin was anxious. Students in Class two are curious. I prepared the exam. Shopping online brings us advantages. S L P S L P S V O S V O Consolidation (1) Plants need water. (2) The flower is so fresh. (3) They work hard. (4) He gives me some seeds. (5) We should keep the plants in the shade. Exercise SVO SVP SV SVOO SVOC 35 主谓状：主语+谓语+状语（SVA） They work hard. 主语S 谓语V 状语A Other sentence structure 主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA） We like the film very much. 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 状语 A 谓 语 动 词 verb 5.S（L）P 主系表 S V A 主谓状 S V O A 主谓宾状 特殊句型：There be 存现句/强调句/倒装句 不及物动词 vi 单及物动词 vt 双及物/授予动词 vt 复杂及物动词 vt 非动作系动词 v/l 1.S V 主谓 2.S V O 主谓宾 3.S V IO DO主谓双宾 4. S V O C主谓宾补 1.________________初中 2.for-ward 向前adv. Backward 向前看 adv. ____________________ 期待做某事 ____________________________ 这些外国人很期待再次去中国。 3. _______________依赖依靠 ______________adj. 依赖的 ___________n.依赖 ______________adj.独立的_______________n. 独立 4.________ n.焦点 重点 v. 集中 _____________集中注意力在… ______________________________集中注意力在你自己的事情上。 Junior high school Look forward to doing These foreigners are looking forward to going to China again. Depend on/rely on De-pen-dent De-pen-den-ce In-de-pen-dent In-de-pen-den-ce focus Focus on Focus on your own business 1.___________ adj. 详细的 _____________详细的提示 _____________n.细节（可数） 2.__________ n. 尖端 小费 提示 （可数） 3. ______________基于 _________ n. 基础 _______________________________________ 基于你的话，他是错的。 4.____________________________________ 提醒某人某事 这个玩偶总是我想起我的小孩。 ______________________________________ 5._________________坚持做某事 ________________________________坚持利用学校的资源。 Remind sb. to do/ Remind sb. of doing tip Base on basis detailed Detailed tips details Based on your words, he was wrong. This toy always reminds me of my children. Stick to doing Stick to taking advantage of school resources Exploring the rules 40 Subject Verb I agree Subject Verb Predicative Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement These habits will be helpful You will live a happy life Setting goals gives you a focus in life Setting goals makes you more confident Exploring the rules 1. The subject and the _______ are necessary parts of a sentence. 2. A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) __________. 3. Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing. 4. The object complement adds more information about the object. verb object Working out the rules 主语 谓语是句子的必备部分。 及物动词后必有宾语。 一些动词有两个宾语，直物间人。 宾语补足语为宾语补充说明信息。 42 Part A What is the importance of setting goals? Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. Finally, setting goals makes you more confident. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 爱因斯坦曾说：“如果你想拥有幸福的生活，把它和目标联系起来。 我赞同，在很多方面，目标都很重要。 设立目标让你生活有重心。 现在设立什么目标，就决定你未来要成就什么事业。 这样你就就知道你讲去往哪里，如何努力去那里。 设立目标还帮助你养成好习惯。 为了实现目标，你就得制定一个好计划，管理你的时间，注意细节。 这些目标非常有用。最后，设立目标还会让你更自信。 当你完成一个目标，你就会看见自己努力的结果、取得了多大进步。 目标是需要行动的梦想。正因为你的行动，你的梦想才有机会实现、过一个好的生活。 44 C B D G E A F Part B2 What is this passage mainly about? How we set goals. Tips about setting goals. Set goals that can be achieved. Break big goals into small ones. Write your goals on paper. 1.把...和...连接起来 2.养成好习惯 3.有效管理时间 4.由于你的行为 5. 实现 6.敦促某人做某事 7.根据你的能力制定目标 8.把大目标分成小目标 9.以...为自豪 10.实现长远目标 tie sth to sth develop good habit manage one’s time well as a result of your action come true push sb. to do set goals based on your abilities break big goals down into small ones be proud of achieve a long-term 11.鼓励某人做某事 12.提醒某人某事 13.使某人集中注意力 14.坚持 15.朝目标努力 16.保持乐观自信 17.努力得到回报 give sb. the encouragement to do sth. remind sb of sth keep (sb) focused stick to sth (stuck stuck) work hard towards a goal stay positive and confident All my efforts will pay off. Practice P58 Match the sentences below with the correct structures. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA 1.Weather matters a great deal. ( ) 2. School meals are fresh and healthy. ( ) 3. Our school offers students a balanced diet. ( ) 4. A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. ( ) 5. Students have fresh fruit and vegetables. ( ) f b d e c 51 6. Amy likes watching English films very much. ( ) 7. English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( ) 8. Focusing on using English makes English learning more effective. ( ) 9. The speech began. ( ) 10. She acquires a good knowledge of English. ( ) g b a e c Practice P58 Match the sentences below with the correct structures. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA 52 $$