2025届高三英语一轮复习语法专题七 并列句与状语从句 讲义

( 并列句与状语从句 专题七 ) ( 专题解读 ) 考点分布 备考指南 并列连词的基本用法 在理解的基础上掌握并列句和状语从句的概念及分类，明确状语从句在语法填空、短文改错中的考查方式和重难点，并能够在遇到一个句子的时候准确分析和判定，提高长难句分析能力，加深对文章的理解。 状语从句基本引导词的用法 as,since,while 的不同用法总结。 词性转化与固定搭配 句子结构分析与文章理解 理解并分析文章中出现的从句。 ( 知识图谱 ) ( 语法详解之并列句 ) 由并列连词将两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 一、并列关系 常用的连词有and(同，和), when(=and just at this time就在这时，然后), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…（既不……也不……）等。如： He helps me and I help him.他帮我，我帮他。 He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。 I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。 二、选择关系 常用的连词有or(或者，否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either...or(或者……或者)。如： Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。 Hurry up, and we will catch the early bus. Study English hard_________you will have more chances. Study English hard_________you will lose many chances. _________(study) English hard will give you more chances. 参考答案：and; or; Studying Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。 三、转折关系 常用的连词有but(但是，可是，只是因为), while(而、却), yet(可是)等。如： It rained heavily yesterday but I had to attend the party.昨天雨下得很大，但是我必须去参加聚会。 I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。 ( 注意：but, while不与although连用，但yet, still可与although连用。 Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。 ) 四、因果关系 常用的连词有for（因为）和so（所以，因此）等。如： I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。 The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。 ( 典型例题 ) 1.Find ways to praise your children often, ____________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. 2.Should we choose a good major ___________ a good university first? 3. Mike was usually so careful, _____________ this time he made a small mistake. 4. They can either choose to accept the challenge ____________ donate 100 dollars, or do the both. 5.The couple were walking along the street___________suddenly they heard someone crying for help. 参考答案：1.and 2.or 3.but 4.or 5.when ( 语法详解之状语从句 ) 一、状语从句的概念和分类 在前面的定语从句和名词性从句的学习中，咱们已经明确了从句的概念，知道了定语从句就是从句充当定语的作用，名词性从句就是从句充当名词的作用。那么同理，状语从句就是从句充当状语的作用，状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。 例： I know how to light a camp fire because I have done it before.（because引导的从句充当原因状语，所以为原因状语从句） When she was walking along the street, she met her class teacher.（when引导的从句充当时间状语，所以为时间状语从句） ( 状语从句的分类 状语从句根据从句在整个句子中所起的不同作用， 一般可分为九大类：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。 ) ( Attention，please！ 状语从句尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，而且在做题的时候不需要进行句子成分的分析，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词的用法。 ) 二、状语从句的引导词 因为从句引导词比较多，为了方便引导词的梳理，咱们以从句分类为依据进行引导词的梳理和讲解。 I 时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。 常用引导词：when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately , directly, every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time， no sooner … than, hardly/scarcely …when/before 1.when, while, as区别。三个词都可以表示“当......时候”但是在使用的时候略有不同。 1） when引导时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用非延续性动词，也可用延续性动词。 When I was young, I went to town myself. （延续性动词） When I lived in country, I used to carry some water for him.（延续性动词） When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.（非延续性动词） 2） while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 例： My father was preparing a report while I was playing games.（延续性动词） Please don't talk so loud while others are working.（延续性动词） 3）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边......，一边......”或“随着......”。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 2.before的用法。 before，“在......之前”虽然平时接触的比较多，而且意思也简单，但是before会根据句子意思的需要有时候翻译会发生一定的变化，而且通常会用于一些固定句式中。 1）before作“没有来得及......就”“未......就”“......就......”解时，强调主句谓语动词表示的动作发生得过早或过快。 例：Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone. 有人半夜给我打电话，但我还未来得及接他们就把电话挂了。 They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion. 他们才谈了几分钟就发现他们的意见很不一致。 2）before的固定句式。 “It + be + 一段时间+ before从句”中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况： 如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”； It won't be long before we meet again. 不久我们就会再见的。 如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。 It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才从国外回来。 3. Since的用法。 译为“自从......”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 例： He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。 4. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner... than... , hardly/scarcely... when/before... 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译作 “一......就......” The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。 ( Attention please ！ no sooner...than; hardly... when/before 这一结构的时态搭配： no sooner与hardly所在 的主句的谓语动词应用 过去完成时 ， 而than与when所引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ) 5. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当......；每次......；下次......”等。 例：Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。 Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。 ( 典型例题 ) 1. If you miss this chance, it may be years ___________ you get another one. 2.We need some more facts and figures _________we make the final decision. 3.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ____________________ she got to her office. 4.----I wonder how much you charge for your services. -----The first two are free ______________________ the third costs 30 dollars. 5. He had no sooner finished his speech ___________________ the students started cheering. 参考答案：1.before 2.before 3.when 4.while 5.than II 地点状语从句：在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句。 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 例： Make marks where you have questions. 在有问题的地方作出标记。 You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方。 Where there is a will, there is a way.这个谚语同学们都不陌生吧。和小伙伴们一起讨论一下这个从句的结构和类型，并理解一下这个谚语的意思吧。 III 让步状语从句：在句中表示让步的从句称为让步状语从句。 ( 很多学生不理解 “ 让步 ” 的意思，让步就是退一步说，让步状语从句通常表示， “ 即使、尽管 ” 的意思，表示让步，所以叫做让步状语从句。　 　 ) ( 巧学妙记 ) 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though（即使、尽管） 特殊引导词：as尽管，虽然(不用于句首，用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)， while ( 一般用在句首 )=although， no matter what/how/when（特殊疑问词）， whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever whether……or……（不管……还是……） 例： While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say. 1. though/although引导的让步状语从句 1）though/ although引导让步状语从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更加强调对比性， 但不可出现but。 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 2）though引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。（即though可用于形式倒装） Short though it is, the article is very important. 那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。 ( NOTES Though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。 He said he would come; he didn't, though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 ) 2. as引导的让步状语从句 as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。 例：Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though\although he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 Much as/ though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买，因为它太贵了。 Try as you may, you will never succeed. ( NOTES Though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。 Smart though/ as she is, she doesn't study hard. Though/Although she is smart, she doesn't study hard. ) 你尽管试，但你绝不会成功的。 3. whether.. or/ whether (...) or not引导的让步状语从句 whether... or/ whether (...) or not表示“不论是否”“不管是......还是”之意。该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。 例：You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都必须要参加这个典礼。 Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。 4. while引导的让步状语从句 while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/ although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。 例：While I like the color, I don't like the shape. 我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。 While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 5. what-ever类词引导的让步状语从句 在英语中，wh-ever类词可作疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。这类词在引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+wh-词”，但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。 例：I'll wait for you however (no matter how) late it is. You are wrong, _whatever______reason it is. 不管有多晚我都会等着你。 Whoever (No matter who) you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 ( 典型例题 ) 1. It was a nice meal, ___________________ a little expensive. 2.The little girl who got lost decided to remain __________________ she was and wait for her mother. 3. Hot _______________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 参考答案：1.but 2.where 3.as IV 原因状语从句：在主句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。 常用引导词：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（因为） 特殊引导词：seeing that（因为）, now that,（既然） in that（因为）, considering that（考虑到，鉴于）, for the reason that（因为） 例：My friends like me because I’m handsome and successful.我的朋友们喜欢我，因为我帅气又成功。 Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.既然大家都到了，那让我们开会吧。 I have been lucky in that I have never had to worry about money我很幸运，从来不必为钱发愁。 I think we paid too much money for the house, considering that we needed to get the roof repaired. 考虑到我们得修屋顶，我认为我们的房子买贵了 V 方式状语从句： 在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。 常用引导词：as（按照、依照）, as if（好像）, as though（好像） 例：When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗 You must do the experiment as I do. 你要像我这样做实验。 She closed her eyes as if she was tired. 她闭上了眼睛好像累了。 She behaved as if she were the boss. 她表现的好像她是老板。（表示与现在事实相反，用虚拟语气） VI 条件状语从句：在主句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。 常用引导词：if（如果）, unless=if...not（除非）,as/so long as（只要），once（一旦），in case （万一） 特殊引导词： providing, providing that, provided that（如果，只要）, suppose\supposing (that), on condition that（条件是） 例：If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。 In case anything important happens, please call me up. 万一发生什么重要事情，请给我打电话。 So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。 Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you. 一旦你露出怯意，这条狗就会扑向你。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. 我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 Providing/ Supposing/ Given/ Provided (that) you promise not to tell anyone else, I'll tell you the details. 只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就把细节告诉你。 VII 目的状语从句: 在主句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句。 常用引导词：so that 以便于 in order that为了 in case 以防 特殊引导词：for the purpose that 为了，以便 例：Take an umbrella, in case it rains. 带把伞吧，以防下雨。 The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师提高了声音。 VIII 结果状语从句：在主句中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。 常用引导词：so/such … that（如此......以至于）, so that （结果......） ( so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的不同 so that引导的目的状语从句之前不用逗号；而so that引导的结果状语从句与主句之间往往有逗号相隔开（即略作停顿）。 比较： （注意两种从句意义的不同） He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back could hear him.（目的状语从句） 他用最大的声音讲话以便于后面的学生都能听见。 He spoke at the top of his voice , so that the students at the back heard him.（结果状语从句） 他用最大的声音讲话，后面的学生都听见了。 ) 1. So....that与such … that都表示“如此......以至于”，那它们之间又有什么不同呢？ 对比一： These questions were so difficult that none of us could answer. 这些问题如此难，以致我们没人能回答。 These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer. 这些问题如此难，以致我们没人能回答。 对比二： Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him. 汤姆是一个如此好的男孩以至于他们都愿和他交朋友。 Tom is such a kind boy that they all like to make friends with him. 汤姆是一个如此好的男孩以至于他们都愿和他交朋友。 ( 小结 要想理解 so...that 与such...that 这两个句式的不同，首先得明确so和such词性的不同，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。 ) IX 比较状语从句：在主句中作比较状语的从句称为比较状语从句。 常用引导词：as...as (同级比较)，than(不同程度的比较) ，the more … the more 越......越...... 例：He was more successful than we had expected. 他比我们想象的要成功得多。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心出的错越少。 He speaks English as well as you do. 他英语说得和你一样好。 He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒得和入睡一样突然。 ( 典型例题 ) 1. ______________ our manager objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. 2.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______________ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 3._______________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 4.________________ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this will set a healthy rhythm in your life. 5.A number of high buildings have arisen ______________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 参考答案：1.Unless 2.because 3.If 4.If 5.where 通过上面的状语从句引导词的学习，同学们可能会发现，有的引导词如as可能出现在了不止一种从句当中，除了as之外，还有哪些引导词可以引导不止一种从句呢？和小伙伴们讨论总结一下吧。 3、 知识点总结 1. as 时间状语从句：“当......时候”，强调两个动作同时发生 让步状语从句：“即使、尽管”，不放于句首。 原因状语从句：“因为” 方式状语从句：“按照、依照” 2. while 时间状语从句：“当......时候”，引导的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 让步状语从句：“即使、尽管” 并列句：表示对比“然而” 3. since 时间状语从句：“自从”，引导的从句通常用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时。 原因状语从句：“既然” ( Attention，please！ 因为as, while, since 在状语从句中有不止一个意思，所以在做题中遇到的时候要全面考虑，防止因为考虑不全面而出错，而且要注意这些词在使用的时候应该注意的情况。 ) ( 举一反三 ) 1.________ I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 2. If you work with a strong will, you will overcome any difficulty, ________ great it is. ________ difficulty it is. 3. A new school was built ________ there had been a wasteland. 4. ________ you’ve got such a golden chance, why not make the best of it? 5. A whole month had passed _______ she fully recovered. 6. I was having dinner ________ I heard a knock at the door. 7. I heard a knock at the door _______ I was having dinner. 8. He had just finished the book ________ supper was served. 9. I won’t tell him the correct answer even _______ I know it. I don’t like him. 10. He was talking as __________ he knew everything about it. 参考答案：1.Whenever 2.however/ whatever 3.where 4.Since 5.when 6.when 7.when 8.when 9.if/though10.if/though ( 并列句与状语从句 ) ( 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$