Unit 4 Friends Forever 语法点拨（关系代词引导的定语从句）-2024级高一新生英语必修第一册自学资料库（外研版2019）

Unit 4 Friends Forever 关系代词引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句就相当于一个长长的“形容词”。定语从句由先行词，关系词，句子三部分组成。其中关系代词有Who, whom ,whose ,that,which,as。 (1)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 Who和whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 例如： People who are enthusiastic often give a helping hand. 热情的人经常会伸出援手。 The man who/whom you talked to just now is my math teacher.　 你刚才谈话的那个人是我的数学老师。 whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 例如： Adam, whose father is a lawyer, wants have a career in music. 父亲是位律师的亚当，想从事音乐行业。 He lives in a house, whose window is broken. 他住在一所房子里，房子的窗户坏了。 (2)that/which/as引导的定语从句 当先行词是“物”时，以上三个关系代词都可选，尤其是that 和which很多情况下是通用的，但是有以下几种特殊情况它们不能互换： 只能用that而不用which引导的情况： ·先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·先行词含有人和物两者时。 ·先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。 ·先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。 which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等，如as we all know 意思 这 正如……，正像……那样 例如： She failed again，which was unexpected. 她又失败，这是出乎意料的。 She failed again，as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她又失败了。 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．Can you tell me the name of the factory ______ you visited last week? A．what B．where C．/ D．when 2．Look at the man and his horse ______ are walking up the street. A．which B．who C．what D．that 3．Anyone ______ breaks the law will be punished. A．whoever B．whom C．who D．no matter who 4．The children ________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbors and friends. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 5．After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village ______ lied in the mountain area. A．which B．where C．what D．when 6．I still remember the days ______ we spent on the farm last year. A．who B．which C．where D．when 7．The man ______ talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company. A．who B．which C．where D．when 8．The person ________ helped me with my luggage was very kind. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 9．The city ________ she lives in is famous for its beautiful scenery. A．which B．where C．when D．whose 10．The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then. A．who B．that C．which D．as 二、语法填空 1．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist work is internationally renowned. 2．The woman who is wearing a white dress is the nurse took care of me when I was ill. 3．This is the museum we visited last week, where there are many valuable paintings and sculptures. 4．Don’t set goals go beyond our abilities and skills. 5．Most of us tend to keep the moments have made a big difference to us in mind. 6．The students always actively participate in after-school activities on campus often develop better social skills and team work abilities. 7．Albert Einstein, theories are universally recognized, was a modest man. 8．A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. 9．On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world got into space. 10．Last year the well-known actress did all she could to help the poor children in that mountain village. 11．I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 12．So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. 13．I never knew anyone had grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. 14．People live in the country say that city life is stressful because of all the noise and traffic, but I like being in the middle of things. 15．The only thing kept me going was that I loved what I did. 三、翻译 1．他们买了一套带有泳池的大房子。（汉译英） 2．约两个小时后，我们到达了一个被树木和花环绕的美丽的公园。(汉译英) 3．要是我们找不到解决办法帮助那些手机上瘾的成年人怎么办? (汉译英) 4．你的决定可能影响你看、听和表现的方式。（汉译英） 5．那些在生活中成功的人从来不会向任何困难屈服。(汉译英) 参考答案 1．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我你上周参观的工厂的名字吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the factory，在从句中作visited的宾语，可用which或that引导，关系代词可省略。故选C。 2．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：看那个走在街上的人和他的马。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句，先行词the man and his horse在从句中作主语成分，先行词即有人又有物，所以为关系代词that引导。故选D项。 3．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：任何触犯法律的人都会受到惩罚。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词Anyone(指人)，在从句中作主语成分。故选C项。 4．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：找不到父母的孩子由邻居和朋友照顾。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The children，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故选D。 5．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎住了五十年之后，他回到了那个坐落在山区的小村庄。空格处引导限制性定语从句，对先行词village进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以，应该用关系代词which/that代替先行词在从句中作主语。故选A项。 6．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得去年我们在农场度过的日子。分析句子结构可知，“_____ we spent on the farm last year”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the days，且该定语从句中动词spent后缺少宾语，所以空格处需要一个关系代词来引导该定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故选B项。 7．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和你说话的那个人是计算机公司的工程师。分析句式结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词The man指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who来引导。故选A项。 8．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：帮我提行李的那个人很好。A. who代人作主语；B. whom代人作宾语；C. whose与先行词表示所属关系；D. which代物作主语或宾语。设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the person，为人，用who。故选A。 9．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她居住的城市以美丽的风景而闻名。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The city，先行词为表示物的名词，关系代词指代先行词，且在定语从句中做介词in的宾语，需用which引导定语从句。故选A项。 10．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：演讲者谈到了当时流行的一些作家和一些书。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词some writers and some books，先行词即有人又有物，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导该从句。故选B。 1．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意: 尽管屠呦呦对名声不感兴趣，她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist，关系词在从句中作定语，scientist和work是所属关系，用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 2．that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个穿白裙子的女人是我生病时照顾我的护士。空处引导定语从句，先行词the nurse，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。 3．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们上周参观的博物馆，那里有许多珍贵的绘画和雕塑。空处引导定语从句，先行词the museum，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不要设定超出我们能力和技能的目标。此处为关系词引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词goals，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词指的是事物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that或which。 5．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们大多数人倾向于记住那些对我们产生重大影响的时刻。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the moments，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或者that引导。故填which或that。 6．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经常积极参加校园课外活动的学生往往能培养出更好的社交技巧和团队合作能力。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that。故填who/that。 7．whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：爱因斯坦是一个谦虚的人，他的理论是举世公认的。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein，并指代先行词在从句中作定语，应填关系代词whose。故填whose。 8．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一组研究动物行为的科学家发现，动物也会投票决定是否捕猎。空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词scientists在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 9．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1961年4月12日, 尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代person，person 前有序数词修饰，故空处应填 that。故填 that。 10．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年，这个著名的女演员做了她所能做的来帮助山区的穷苦孩子。此处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词all，指物，定语从句中缺少宾语，故应用that引导，故填that。 11．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我鼓励你接下这个工作。这份工作值得你去花时间，尽管时间并不是我们拥有很多的东西。此处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，指物，定语从句中缺少宾语，故应用that引导，故填that。 12．that 【详解】句意：因此，我们做的第一件事是租了一间价格十分昂贵的位于六楼的一个只有碗柜大小的公寓。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the first thing，被序数词the first修饰，且定语从句中缺少宾语，故定语从句应用that引导，故填that。 13．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在Jackson长大的人，没有一个不害怕我们的图书管理员的Mrs. Calloway。此处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词anyone，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用who引导，故填who。 14．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：生活在乡下的人说，城市生活因为噪音和交通而充满压力，但我喜欢置身其中。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词指人，引导词指代先行词，在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 15．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一让我坚持下去的是我热爱我所做的事情。空处引导定语从句，先行词是thing，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有only修饰，使用that引导，故填that。 16．They bought a big house which/that has a swimming pool. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句、形容词。表示“他们”用they，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“买”用buy，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“大的”用形容词big，作前置定语，修饰名词“房子”。表示“房子”用house，作宾语。此处泛指“一套带有泳池的大房子”，且big以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。表示“带有泳池的”用定语从句，先行词是house，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导，表示“有”用have，从句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数has，表示“一个泳池”用a swimming pool，作has的宾语。故翻译为They bought a big house which/that has a swimming pool. 17．About two hours later, we arrived at a beautiful park which is surrounded with/by trees and flowers. 【详解】考查时态语态和定语从句。陈述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时。“约两个小时后”译为About two hours later，做状语；“到达” 为 arrive at；“一个美丽的公园” a beautiful park ，作宾语，同时做后面定义从句的主语，关系代词为which，定语从句在说明事实用一般现在时。“被……环绕” 表示被动结构，用 be surrounded with/by，后接“树木和花”trees and flowers作宾语。故翻译为：About two hours later, we arrived at a beautiful park which is surrounded with/by trees and flowers. 18．What if we can’t find a solution to help adults (who are) addicted to their phones. 【详解】考查固定句型以及定语从句或者形容词短语作定语。“要是……怎么办”用what if表达；“找不到解决办法”为can’t find a solution to…”；“帮助”为help，后接宾语“成年人（”adults；adults后可接who引导的定语从句，“对……上瘾”使用短语be addicted to，句子陈述事实，为一般现在时；也可以用形容词短语addicted to作后置定语。再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：What if we can’t find a solution to help adults (who are) addicted to their phones. 19．Your decision should influence the way (that) you look, sound and behave. /Your decision should influence the way in which you look, sound and behave. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“你的决定”翻译为Your decision；“影响”用动词influence；“方式”用名词the way；先行词为the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，用关系代词that，in which或省略关系词；“看、听和表现”翻译为look, sound and behave。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Your decision should influence the way (that) you look, sound and behave. /Your decision should influence the way in which you look, sound and behave. 20．Those who are successful in life never give way to/give in to any difficulties. 【详解】考查定语从句、动词短语和时态。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“那些在生活中成功的人”作为句子的主语，可用those作先行词，who引导定语从句修饰those，译为those who are successful in life，句首单词首字母大写，表示“从来不”用never ，谓语动词“向……屈服”可用短语give way to或give in to，宾语“任何困难”译为any difficulties。故翻译为Those who are successful in life never give way to/give in to any difficulties. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$