精品解析：上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷

2024学年向明中学9月学科检测 高三年级英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:20. C. At 10:30. D. At 11:30. 2. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20. 3 A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and assistant. C. Manager and customer. D. Nurse and patient. 4. A. It was too emotional. B. It was not compelling enough. C. It was accurate and detailed. D. It was a perfect representation. 5. A. Frustrating. B. Indifferent. C. Thrilled. D. Distressing. 6. A. Work overtime. B. Ask her team for help. C. Start a new project. D. Delay the submission. 7. A. Try to get a ride with Pete. B. Take an airplane to Yellowstone. C. Ask Pete about his geology class. D. Drive her car to Yellowstone. 8. A. Invest all your money in one place. B. Diversify your investments. C. Avoid startups entirely. D. Keep all your assets in cash. 9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick. B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years. C. He has heard of many composers of classical music D. Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music. 10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores. B Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience. C. Because he doesn’t have much money. D. Because he doesn’t like the shopping festival. Section B (15分，每题1.5分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. More than 23,000. B. More than 230,000. C. More than 33,000. D. More than 18.6 million. 12. A. It has affected multiple countries including Vietnam, China, and the Philippines. B It has caused extensive flooding in Myanmar alone. C. It has led to warmer ocean waters. D. It has resulted in high wind speeds and intense rainfall due to climate change. 13. A. Typhoon Yagi has caused significant damage in multiple regions. B. The floods in Myanmar have resulted in numerous casualties and displacements. C. Many families in Myanmar are struggling to access clean drinking water. D. Emergency relief efforts in Myanmar have been slow to respond to the flooding crisis. Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. Because they have in-depth knowledge of conflicts. B. Because of their high visibility and appeal. C. Because they always provide accurate information. D Because they work closely with experts. 15.A. It makes you more likely to seek out diverse perspectives. B. It helps you to remain objective and analytical. C. It can overshadow logical reasoning and critical analysis. D. It has no impact on your perception of conflicts. 16.A. Highly supportive. B. Neutral and unbiased. C. Mildly critical. D. Indifferent. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A new light show along the Bund and international food stalls. B. A new music concert and art exhibition. C. A new sports competition and dance performance. D. A new film screening and literature fair. 18. A. The food stalls. B. The parade. C. The light show. D. The art and craft fair. 19.A. Free shuttle buses. B. Additional public transport services and road closures. C. Discounted taxi fares. D. Bicycle rental stations. 20.A. To convince their parents. B. To fund-raise activities. C To research destinations and planning the route. D. To document the journey through blogs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digital twins are fast becoming part of everyday life When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a ____1____ (work) model of your body that can be summoned (传唤) onto a physician’s computer screen. ____2____ (update) with your latest vital signs, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like fantasy, but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations of the hearts of individual patients ____3____ (evaluate) different treatments for atrial fibrillation (心房颤动), a common disorder. ____4____ would be far too risky to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. ____5____ other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually link up to form a virtual body. As our Science & technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. They began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. ____6____ computers have become more powerful, twins have become more sophisticated. Complex design and modelling software means many physical objects initially take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, ____7____ (feed) twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical counterparts. A Formula 1 racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors updating its digital twin during a grand prix. The use of AI takes all this much ____8____ (far), allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. You ____9____ worry that this signals a dystopian (反乌托邦的) future; Morpheus, a character in a science-fiction film from 1999____10____ a perceptive machine conquered humanity through pervasive virtual reality, had a name for it. He said: “The Matrix is everywhere. It is all around us.” Section B(20分，每题2分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tailoring B. intended C. actively D. moderating E. emerging F. perform G. regard H. interpret I. minors J. vulnerable K. responsibly Parents Need Backup To Protect Kids Online Eating disorders, substance abuse, rising rates of suicide among tweens and teens—for social media companies, these are just external costs of doing business. While these companies do all they can to maximize profits with no____11____for the health, development, and innocence of children, parents have been standing in the gap. Parents have been left alone on the front lines without any support while they face some of the biggest companies, which are ____12____working to recruit children as lifelong users. They reshape products, ____13____them to be maximally addictive to young brains. Our laws ____14____to protect children online are badly outdated; the last one passed at the federal level was the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act in 1998, long before the arrival of____15____smartphones and social media. That means parents have been without effective recourse and tech companies have had little legal accountability when it comes to children, ____16____to external temptation. That is the context in which we must ____17____ last week’s Senate vote to pass the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) by a vote of 91-3. The bill is a critical and urgently needed step forward to protect America’s kids online. Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), one of the bill’s sponsors, criticized tech executives in a January hearing. Big Tech’s approach to young users is even worse than that. Tech companies not only exploit children, luring them into offering themselves to the digital world for consumption in order to make the companies money, but ensure that children become addicts. Smartphones and social media are not designed to be used____18____. KOSA aims to reorder tech companies’ priorities, requiring them to design their products with children’s health and safety in mind. The bill creates a duty of care, which would make online platforms responsible for preventing and ____19____ a list of specific harms. They include promotion of suicide, eating disorders, substance abuse, and advertisements for unlawful products for _____20_____ . Tech companies would be legally liable and could face litigation from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for failing to enact these protections. III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分，每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Too Much of Our Seafood Has a Dark Secret Not that long ago, if you saw a piece of fish on your plate, you wouldn’t have thought to ask where it came from or whether it was sustainable. That began to change in the 1990s as ____21____ groups fought to protect all kinds of life in the ocean from overfishing. After persuading Congress to create and enforce strict plans to ____22____species, they set in motion a virtuous cycle that made seafood, from the mighty swordfish to the humble sea scallop, ____23____ again. New rules for other species have had similarly____24____effects. Sea turtles that once drowned in shrimp nets can now escape. Fewer diving seabirds are getting caught on fishing lines. And limits on fishing smaller species such as menhaden mean that whales off our coasts have more to eat and today can be seen cavorting (欢腾)within sight of the Statue of Liberty. ____25____, American commercial and recreational fisheries generated 35 percent more sales in 2022 than in 2018. But walk into your local supermarket, and you may still be buying snapper blasted from their reefs by Indonesian fishermen using dynamite or ____26____ caught yellowfin tuna and squid. U.S. fisheries may be much improved, but up to 80 percent of the fish and shellfish on American plates is imported. Much of it comes via obscure international seafood conglomerates (企业集团) that purchase fish from companies that have been ____27____ fishing against the law and profiting from forced labor, as the nonprofit Outlaw Ocean Project has documented. We in wealthy nations unwittingly support these abuses by using the world’s supply of fish ____28____ it is a limitless line of credit. But this credit is running out. The global catch of fish and other wildlife in the ocean peaked in the 1990s and has since ____29____ steadily downward. Soon, not even forced labor may be able to _____30_____ profit out of the remaining wild fish. Expanding fish farming, or aquaculture(水产业), was once thought to be a potential _____31_____to this problem, but it has also not, as hoped, given wild fish the break they need. Salmon and shrimp, Americans’ favorite farmed seafoods, are still fed to wild fish caught in poorly regulated foreign waters. Highly nutritious fish, such as anchovies and sardines, that make up 20 percent to 30 percent of the global catch are fed to salmon and shrimp - a striking _____32_____ of protein. Clearly, both wild and farmed seafood have a long way to go before they are actually_____33_____. So what do we need to put truly safe, resilient and ethically procured fish and shellfish on everybody’s_____34_____? Consumers can make better choices, but to move past depletion and abuse, governments need to institute new fishery management laws, _____35_____by rigorous enforcement. 21. A. association B. administration C. conservation D. reservation 22. A. bring forward B. bring back C. bring off D. bring down 23. A. humble B. measurable C. appealing D. considerable 24. A. one-sided B. positive C. skin-deep D. negative 25. A. What’s more B. However C. After all D. Rather 26. A. illegally B. effortlessly C. consciously D. regularly 27. A. held unaccountable for B. accused of C. credited with D. flooded with 28. A. as if B. so that C. because D. for fear that 29. A. lay B. drifted C. blew D. wound 30. A. deprive B. squeeze C. generate D. boast 31. A. approach B. shortcut C. obstacle D. contribution 32. A. supply B. stock C. resources D. waste 33. A. recoverable B. supportive C. developmental D. sustainable 34. A. table B. menu C. shelf D. plate 35. A. accompanied B. reflected C. excluded D. launched Section B (22分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Anita Bhagwandas is really ugly.” This was a comment that had been left on an online forum 10 years ago in reaction to a picture of me alongside my colleagues. “Trolls will be trolls,“ friends comforted me when I told them about it. They told me that I should forget all about those words. But I couldn’t let “ugly” go. I’ve had a complex relationship with that word my whole life. Growing up in Wales during the 1990s and 2000s as a plus-sized, dark-skinned Indian girl, I wanted to look like anyone other than myself. This discomfort followed me from my teens all the way up to my university and adult life--an imaginary friend was always there to remind me of my lowly place in the world. Overtime, it developed into an obsession with thinness and all that it promised: prettiness, acceptance, success. I, like many others, have been on and off some type of diet throughout my life. It feels like a never-ending game of chess, using protein bars and fried chicken as pieces. To say that trying to navigate this internal concept of “ugly” shaped my life would be an understatement. It affected everything, including my career: I became a beauty editor. I was driven by the knowledge that the industry needed to be more inclusive. Working on the inside of the beauty industry, I started to notice some changes. Around 2010, social media gave people a voice and more control over what magazines and brands were creating for them. Now, consumers were increasingly being told to “love the skin you’re in” or to feel like you’re “worth it.” I finally found some comfort--but it wasn’t because of the popular slogan “love yourself as you are.” That never worked for me because it didn’t go deep enough. But when I started to read about how beauty standards were created, who created them and who was holding the puppet strings that are making so many of us feel ugly, things started to gradually change. I developed some self-protective methods to counter the wrongness of the beauty standards I’d been sold my entire life. Today, I still buy beauty products, but I do so because I love their smells, their designs and their textures, so purchasing beauty products has become much of a pleasurable experience for me. It makes a big difference to your mindset when you are using beauty products for joy, rather than to look prettier, thinner and younger. Am I fixed? Do I walk around giving myself high fives in wing mirrors and windows? No. But I do feel so much more at peace with my appearance. I’ve come to learn how important it is for me to root my self-worth in the qualities that really define me--my character and positive traits. Once I had done so, I started to realize that ugly is an ever-changing concept--and the biggest lesson I’ve learned is never to trust those binary(二元对立的)categories. “Pretty” and “ugly” don’t actually exist. 36. When the author was called ugly by strangers online, she________. A. just laughed it off B. was really astonished about it C. tried to pay no attention to it D. felt as uncomfortable as she had as a child 37. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply? A. The author’s diet is unhealthy and unbalanced. B. The author has been following a very strict diet plan. C. The author finds it beyond her intelligence to make herself a diet plan. D. The author has long battled between eating fattening foods and struggling to lose weight. 38. We can learn from the article that the author became a beauty editor because________. A. she wanted to fulfill her childhood dream B. she aspired to broaden the public perception C. she wished to explore the true standards of beauty herself D. she hoped to prove herself to those who looked down upon her 39. The author’s perception of herself improved significantly________. A. after having worked in the beauty industry B. when she learnt about the secrets behind beauty standards C. when she defined her self-worth based on her good qualities D. after having been inspired by the slogan “love yourself as you are.” (B) Road Bike Vs Hybrid Bike — Choosing the Right Bike Road bikes are all about speed and performance, aiming to be the quickest bike possible. Hybrid bikes take characteristics from both road and mountain bikes. Is one better than the other? We’ll unpack everything there is to know about them and how they differ. Performance Road bikes are more performance-driven. The weight of frame plays a big part in a bike’s speed. The industry standard for building the lightest bikes is to construct carbon fiber frames. While aluminum bike frames are only a half-pound to a pound heavier, that difference can go a long way. A majority of road bikes are built with carbon and a majority of hybrids are built with aluminum or steel. Comfort The hybrid wins the comfort battle. One of the quickest ways to distinguish a hybrid bike from a road bike is by looking at the handlebars. Hybrids typically come with flat bars making the stability and turning easy and comfortable. Whereas the drop bars commonly found on a road bike can be challenging to stabilize for inexperienced cyclists. Components A bike’s components include brakes, shifters, chain, etc. Although there can be high-end components on hybrids and low-end components on road bikes it doesn’t typically shake out to be that way. Expect hybrids to be equipped with lower-end components and road bikes to be equipped with the higher end ones. Touring Both bikes can be used for touring. But hybrid bike frames are typically more durable for long multi-day adventures because they can sustain the extra weight of luggage, say, pannier (货篮) bags for camping vacations. Before purchasing, be sure to locate a local bike rental shop to get familiar with a bike. Testing out a bike in the parking lot of a bike shop won’t do your purchase justice. Instead, be sure to take the road bike vs hybrid battle to the streets. No matter which bike you choose you are guaranteed to enjoy your rides knowing that you’ve picked the best bike for you. 40. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Compared with carbon fiber frames, aluminum bike frames are a half-pound to a pound heavier and don’t result in much difference in speed. B. It’s not common to see low-end components on hybrids and high-end components on road bikes. C. Before purchasing a bike, taking it to the parking lot of a bike shop to test out is not recommended by the author. D. Hybrids have an edge over road bikes only from the perspective of comfort. 41. Jack, an inexperienced cyclist, chooses to buy a hybrid bike instead of a road bike for his five-day adventurous trip possibly because________. A. a hybrid bike has an additional drop bar to keep balance B. a road bike is not suitable for touring C. a road bike challenges a rider’s flexibility D. a hybrid bike can sustain more weight 42. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. An advertisement for a bike rental shop. B. A paper analyzing the differences between two kinds of bikes. C. A guide on how to choose between two kinds of bikes. D. News on road bikes and hybrid bikes. (C) An Internet privacy bill introduced by Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto would prohibit discriminatory data practices. That is a good goal. But which practices qualify as discriminatory is a complicated question. Privacy activists have long stressed that data over-collection and misuse cause disproportionate harm to minority groups. Often, that harm is prohibited by existing civil rights rules. But those rules were put into place before anyone could have imagined an age of digital discrimination, and companies are avoiding them. Take targeted advertising. Leaders in the industry make money by allowing advertisers to select the very specific group of the population they think are most likely to want their products. Sometimes, those categories are the same classes of people that civil rights law exists to protect, such as minorities and women. That can lead to forms of marketing that are not hidden at all: say, promoting women’s shoes exclusively to potential customers who have displayed an online interest in women’s fashion. It can also lead to obvious abuses, such as companies displaying housing ads only to mainstream individuals, whether by explicitly excluding minorities or engaging in digital redlining via Zip code restrictions. An expanse of gray lies in between. Regulators will have to decide whether to limit anti-discrimination rules to areas where there are traditionally heightened protections or whether — and how — to push beyond those frameworks. And they will have to address how platforms’ traditional immunity from obligation for users’ actions runs up against any new rules. Lawmakers will also have to look at data-based discrimination that is not designed to have a negative impact on protected groups but does anyway. An algorithm(算法) that adjusts an ad’s audience to maximize engagement could end up showing a job posting only to men if men click on it most frequently — which could occur for a profession historically unfriendly to women. The same unintentional discrimination can occur in hiring, loan approval and elsewhere: Tools trained with information from years of totally different treatment often keep up those unfair outcomes. There’s an added wrinkle. Sometimes, targeting sensitive advertisements based on protected characteristics can actually promote equality. Directing education opportunities to an underserved community is a kind of advertising affirmative action that regulators should take care not to prohibit. Whatever Congress decides — Ms. Cortez Masto’s bill would leave the particulars to the Federal Trade Commission— any law should require that companies of a certain size study how their algorithms do, or don’t, hurt the vulnerable. In the data privacy debate, generalized philosophical complaints can sometimes overshadow concrete harms. Putting the discriminatory use of data front and center focuses discussion of a federal framework on what it actually ought to do: protect Americans, especially those who need it most. 43. What is the purpose of the privacy act? A. To prevent data discrimination. B. To put into place civil rights rules. C. To stress the harm of data over-collection. D. To work out the complicated discrimination question. 44. What problem will regulators have to face? A. Whose action run up against any new rules. B. How to address customers’ immunity from obligation. C. Which areas are changed from traditionally heightened protection. D. Whether to restrict or expand the application of anti-discrimination. 45. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A. Some data-based discrimination hurts more men than women. B. Advertisements targeted on underserved groups can bring positive effects. C. Concrete harms can be solved if there’s less philosophical complaints. D. There are distinct line between targeted marketing and obvious abuse. 46. Which is the best title? A. Protecting Digital Privacy. B. Overstating Digital Protection. C. Defining Digital Discrimination. D. Adding Wrinkles to Advertisement. Section C(8分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Giving Robots a Fleshy Face and a Smile If humanoid robots look a bit cold-would it help if they had fleshy faces that can smile at you? A research team in Japan has created a face mask from human skin cells and attached it to robots with a novel technique.____47____. This outward layer, the researchers say, is both elastic and durable enough to protect robots while making them appear more human. “Human-like faces and expressions improve communication and empathy in human-robot interactions,” said Shoji Takeuchi, the study’s lead researcher. “This further makes robots more effective in health care, service and companionship roles.” Beyond expressiveness, the “skin” can self-repair and heal. ____48____. The novel skin attachment method advances the newborn “biohybrid” robotics field, said Kevin Lynch, an expert on robotics and biosystems. This field integrates mechanical engineering with genetic and tissue engineering. “This study is an innovative contribution to the problem of anchoring artificial skin to the underlying material,” said Lynch. Takeuchi’s team has been working with labmade human skin for years. In 2022, they developed a robotic finger covered in living skin. ____49____. The team had tried anchoring the skin with mini-hooks, but those caused tears as the robot moved. The researchers then decided to mimic ligaments (韧带), the tiny ropes of loose tissue that connect bones. They drilled small, V-shaped holes into the robot and applied a gel，which plugged the holes and made the artificial skin attach to the robot. “This approach integrates traditional rigid robots with soft, biological skins, making them more ‘human-like,’” said Yifan Wang, a mechanical engineer. ____50____. “This could create opportunities for the robots to sense and safely interact with humans,” Wang said. The faces of the robots with artificial skin in Takeuchi’s lab are unable to sense touch or temperature change. Takeuchi said that is his next research target. “We aim to create skin that closely resembles real skin by gradually constructing essential components such as blood vessels, nerves and sweat glands,” he said. In place of the neural systems that convey sensation in a human body, a robot’s electronics would need to power a sensor signal. This development, Wang said, would require much more time and research. A. It is flexible enough to turn down into a grimace (鬼脸) or up into a smile. B. This is “an exciting area of development,” but market adoption would be complex. C. It could bend like a human finger, making it capable of performing more precise tasks. D. While protecting a robot’s complex machinery, it is soft and light enough for a wide range of uses. E. This capacity is a “critical feature” for humanoid robots as even small scratches could lead to breakdowns. F. The skin attachment also gives humanoid robots the potential for sensation, taking science one step closer to sci-fi fantasy. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Buy Experiences, not Possessions Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. They conducted a series of 13 experiments, asking people to think about either experiential or material purchases and then rate feelings on nine-point scales. In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. Owning the same T-shirt or sneakers as someone else is an interesting coincidence, but hiking the same trail or seeing the same performance makes people feel more connected. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Researchers asked participants to consider a situation in which they met someone who had made a similar experiential or material purchase, but the other person’s purchase was “upgraded”. Even in these cases, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Knowing that another person has a better version of what you have can create a sense of social distance. What researchers observe, however, is that this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. Although unpleasant social comparisons can be commonplace in terms of possessions, it may be easier to find common ground and connect with someone else over similar experiences. Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. People who reflected on experiences they had acquired—rather than material goods—reported a broader sense of connection to humanity. They were more likely to express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你越是关注负面情绪，就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The more…the more )(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 中秋节吃象征团圆和和谐的月饼是由来已久的传统。(It)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这个开创性的发现注定会消除科学界对我们的偏见，为进一步提高燃料效能铺就道路。 (bound)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李敏，学校正在计划面向高三开设一场讲座，具体信息如下。请写一封电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，说明你的选择，并简要说明理由。 主题 English Test Skills Yoga and Relaxation 时长 90分钟 120分钟 时间 周六晚上 周五下午 地点 学生家中 学校体育馆 形式  在线讲授(无操练)  可录播回放  线下讲练结合  不可录播回放 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年向明中学9月学科检测 高三年级英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:20. C. At 10:30. D. At 11:30. 2. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20. 3. A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and assistant. C. Manager and customer. D. Nurse and patient. 4. A. It was too emotional. B. It was not compelling enough. C. It was accurate and detailed. D. It was a perfect representation. 5. A. Frustrating. B. Indifferent. C. Thrilled. D. Distressing. 6. A. Work overtime. B. Ask her team for help. C. Start a new project. D. Delay the submission. 7. A. Try to get a ride with Pete. B. Take an airplane to Yellowstone. C. Ask Pete about his geology class. D. Drive her car to Yellowstone. 8. A. Invest all your money in one place. B. Diversify your investments. C. Avoid startups entirely. D. Keep all your assets in cash. 9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick. B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years. C. He has heard of many composers of classical music D. Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music. 10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores. B. Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience. C. Because he doesn’t have much money. D. Because he doesn’t like the shopping festival. Section B (15分，每题1.5分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. More than 23,000. B. More than 230,000. C. More than 33,000. D. More than 18.6 million. 12. A. It has affected multiple countries including Vietnam, China, and the Philippines. B. It has caused extensive flooding in Myanmar alone. C. It has led to warmer ocean waters. D. It has resulted in high wind speeds and intense rainfall due to climate change. 13. A. Typhoon Yagi has caused significant damage in multiple regions. B. The floods in Myanmar have resulted in numerous casualties and displacements. C. Many families in Myanmar are struggling to access clean drinking water. D. Emergency relief efforts in Myanmar have been slow to respond to the flooding crisis. Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. Because they have in-depth knowledge of conflicts. B. Because of their high visibility and appeal. C. Because they always provide accurate information. D. Because they work closely with experts. 15.A. It makes you more likely to seek out diverse perspectives. B. It helps you to remain objective and analytical. C. It can overshadow logical reasoning and critical analysis. D. It has no impact on your perception of conflicts. 16.A. Highly supportive. B. Neutral and unbiased. C. Mildly critical. D. Indifferent. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A new light show along the Bund and international food stalls. B. A new music concert and art exhibition. C. A new sports competition and dance performance. D. A new film screening and literature fair. 18. A. The food stalls. B. The parade. C. The light show. D. The art and craft fair. 19.A. Free shuttle buses. B. Additional public transport services and road closures. C. Discounted taxi fares. D. Bicycle rental stations. 20.A. To convince their parents. B. To fund-raise activities. C. To research destinations and planning the route. D. To document the journey through blogs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digital twins are fast becoming part of everyday life When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a ____1____ (work) model of your body that can be summoned (传唤) onto a physician’s computer screen. ____2____ (update) with your latest vital signs, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like fantasy, but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations of the hearts of individual patients ____3____ (evaluate) different treatments for atrial fibrillation (心房颤动), a common disorder. ____4____ would be far too risky to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. ____5____ other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually link up to form a virtual body. As our Science & technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. They began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. ____6____ computers have become more powerful, twins have become more sophisticated. Complex design and modelling software means many physical objects initially take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, ____7____ (feed) twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical counterparts. A Formula 1 racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors updating its digital twin during a grand prix. The use of AI takes all this much ____8____ (far), allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. You ____9____ worry that this signals a dystopian (反乌托邦的) future; Morpheus, a character in a science-fiction film from 1999____10____ a perceptive machine conquered humanity through pervasive virtual reality, had a name for it. He said: “The Matrix is everywhere. It is all around us.” 【答案】1. working 2. Updated 3. to evaluate 4. It 5. With 6. As 7. feed 8. further 9. may 10. where 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字孪生技术的应用及其未来发展，尤其是在医疗领域的潜力，如帮助医生诊断及制定个性化治疗方案，并概述了该技术在其他领域的现状与趋势。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个所谓的数字孪生将是你身体的一个工作模型，可以被召唤到医生的电脑屏幕上。空格处用形容词修饰名词model，用working“（机器、系统等）运转的，运作的”来表示“可操作的模型”。故填working。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：更新你的最新生命体征，这将帮助医生做出准确的诊断。句子谓语动词是will help，空格处填入非谓语动词，update与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，要用过去分词形式作状语。故填updated。 【3题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究人员已经开始使用个别病人心脏的计算机模拟来评估不同的心房颤动治疗方案。use sth to do...，表示“用某物去做某事”，表示目的，用动词不定式结构作目的状语。故填to evaluate。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：对一个人的真实心脏进行这样的实验风险太大。空格处用it作形式主语，动词不定式 to experiment this way on someone’s real heart是真正的主语，故用it指代提到的在心脏上进行的实验实践，放在句首首字母大写。故填It。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着其他器官也被科学家复制，他们最终可能会连接起来形成一个虚拟身体。空格处填入介词with表示“随着”，构成with的复合结构“with+宾语+现在分词作宾补”的结构，放在句首首字母大写。故填With。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：随着计算机变得更强大，孪生变得更加复杂。空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”用as，表示计算机强大与双胞胎变得更加复杂几乎同时发生，放在句首首字母大写。故填As。 【7题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：小型传感器能够测量各种事物，以实时数据给孪生提供信息，确保它们反映其物理对应物。句子主语是Small sensors， capable of measuring all sorts of things是形容词短语作后置定语，空格处需要谓语动词，结合后文that引导的宾语从句中的mirror 可知句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，与feed之间是主动关系，谓语动词用原形，feed表示“提供数据给……”。故填feed。 【8题详解】 考查副词。句意：人工智能的使用使这一切更进一步，允许虚拟模型变得更加复杂，并在现实世界中进行模拟和优化活动。副词further修饰动词短语“takes…”，表示“更进一步，更远地”。故填further。 【9题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：你可能会担心这预示着一个反乌托邦的未来；墨菲斯是1999年一部科幻电影中的一个角色，片中一个有感知能力的机器通过无处不在的虚拟现实征服了人类。此处需要用情态动词来表达推测意义，表示可能性，用may来表示“可能”。故填may。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你可能会担心这预示着一个反乌托邦的未来；墨菲斯是1999年一部科幻电影中的一个角色，片中一个有感知能力的机器通过无处不在的虚拟现实征服了人类。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a science-fiction film，先行词为物，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Section B(20分，每题2分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tailoring B. intended C. actively D. moderating E. emerging F. perform G. regard H. interpret I. minors J. vulnerable K. responsibly Parents Need Backup To Protect Kids Online Eating disorders, substance abuse, rising rates of suicide among tweens and teens—for social media companies, these are just external costs of doing business. While these companies do all they can to maximize profits with no____11____for the health, development, and innocence of children, parents have been standing in the gap. Parents have been left alone on the front lines without any support while they face some of the biggest companies, which are ____12____working to recruit children as lifelong users. They reshape products, ____13____them to be maximally addictive to young brains. Our laws ____14____to protect children online are badly outdated; the last one passed at the federal level was the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act in 1998, long before the arrival of____15____smartphones and social media. That means parents have been without effective recourse and tech companies have had little legal accountability when it comes to children, ____16____to external temptation. That is the context in which we must ____17____ last week’s Senate vote to pass the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) by a vote of 91-3. The bill is a critical and urgently needed step forward to protect America’s kids online. Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), one of the bill’s sponsors, criticized tech executives in a January hearing. Big Tech’s approach to young users is even worse than that. Tech companies not only exploit children, luring them into offering themselves to the digital world for consumption in order to make the companies money, but ensure that children become addicts. Smartphones and social media are not designed to be used____18____. KOSA aims to reorder tech companies’ priorities, requiring them to design their products with children’s health and safety in mind. The bill creates a duty of care, which would make online platforms responsible for preventing and ____19____ a list of specific harms. They include promotion of suicide, eating disorders, substance abuse, and advertisements for unlawful products for _____20_____ . Tech companies would be legally liable and could face litigation from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for failing to enact these protections. 【答案】11. G 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. E 16. J 17. H 18. K 19. D 20. I 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，是一篇关于保护儿童在线安全的文章，讨论了社交媒体公司如何针对年轻用户设计产品，并且提出了新的法案来要求科技公司对儿童健康和安全负责。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：当这些公司尽其所能实现利润最大化，而不考虑孩子的健康、发展和天真时，父母一直站在中间。根据下文“the health, development, and innocence of children(健康、发展和纯真)”可知，下文提到了儿童的健康、发展和纯真，公司不关心他们的发展，with no regard for意思为：不关心，为固定短语。故选G项。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：父母一直没有支援地站在前线，而他们面对的是那些积极招募儿童成为终身用户的大公司。根据下文“recruit children as lifelong users(招募儿童成为终身用户)”可知，大公司招募儿童成为终身用户，可推理出这里需要一个表示“积极地”的副词，actively表示“积极地”符合句意。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们重塑产品，定制它们以最大限度地吸引年轻的大脑。根据下文“to be maximally addictive to young brains(最大限度地吸引年轻的大脑)”可知大公司最大限度地吸引年轻的大脑，可推理出这里需要一个表示“定制”的动词，tailoring表示“定制”符合句意。且空处为现在分词作状语。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们旨在保护儿童在线安全的法律已经严重过时了。空处修饰laws为后置定语，根据下文“to protect children online(在线上保护儿童)”可知，空白处应填表示“旨在”含义的表达，intended为过去分词。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在联邦层面通过的上一部法律是1998年的《儿童在线隐私保护法》，这比智能手机和社交媒体的出现要早得多。根据下文“smartphones and social media(智能手机和社交媒体)”，可知下文提到了智能手机和社交媒体，这都是新兴产品，可推理出这里需要一个表示“新兴的”形容词，emerging表示“新兴的”符合句意。故选E项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这意味着父母没有有效的补救措施，而科技公司在涉及儿童时几乎没有法律责任，容易受到外部诱惑。根据下文“external temptation(外部诱惑)”可知，下文提到了外部诱惑，可推理出这里需要一个表示“容易受影响的”形容词，vulnerable表示“易受影响的”符合句意。形容词作状语。故选J项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：这就是我们必须解读上周参议院以91票对3票通过《儿童在线安全法案》的背景。根据下文“last week’s Senate vote to pass the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) by a vote of 91-3(上周参议院以91票对3票通过《儿童在线安全法案》)”可知下文提到了上周参议院以91票对3票通过《儿童在线安全法案》，must后用动词原形，可推理出此处要进行解读，需要一个表示“解读”的动词，interpret表示“解读”符合句意。故选H项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：智能手机和社交媒体并不是为负责任地使用而设计。根据上文“Tech companies not only exploit children, luring them into offering themselves to the digital world for consumption in order to make the companies money, but ensure that children become addicts(科技企业不仅剥削儿童，诱使他们为数字世界提供消费内容以赚取利润，还确保儿童成为上瘾者)”可知，上文说的是科技企业不负责任，不仅剥削儿童，诱使他们为数字世界提供消费内容以赚取利润，还确保儿童成为上瘾者，可推理出这里需要一个表示“负责任地”的副词，responsibly表示“负责任地”符合句意。故选K项。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该法案规定了在线平台需承担的注意义务，要求其负责预防和调解一系列特定的危害。根据下文“They include promotion of suicide, eating disorders, substance abuse, and advertisements for unlawful products(它们包括宣扬自杀、饮食障碍、滥用药物以及非法产品的广告)”可知下文提到了宣扬自杀、饮食障碍、滥用药物以及非法产品的广告这些潜在的危害，可推理出此处说的是预防和调解一系列特定的危害，moderating的含义为“调解，使缓和”。动名词作宾语。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们包括推广自杀、饮食失调、物质滥用，以及为未成年人提供非法产品的广告。根据上文“KOSA aims to reorder tech companies’ priorities, requiring them to design their products with children’s health and safety in mind(KOSA旨在重新排序科技公司的优先级，要求他们在设计产品时考虑儿童的健康和安全)”可知，上文说的是KOSA要求科技公司在设计产品时考虑儿童的健康和安全，可推理出这里需要一个表示“未成年人”的名词，minors的含义为“未成年人”符合句意。故选I项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分，每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Too Much of Our Seafood Has a Dark Secret Not that long ago, if you saw a piece of fish on your plate, you wouldn’t have thought to ask where it came from or whether it was sustainable. That began to change in the 1990s as ____21____ groups fought to protect all kinds of life in the ocean from overfishing. After persuading Congress to create and enforce strict plans to ____22____species, they set in motion a virtuous cycle that made seafood, from the mighty swordfish to the humble sea scallop, ____23____ again. New rules for other species have had similarly____24____effects. Sea turtles that once drowned in shrimp nets can now escape. Fewer diving seabirds are getting caught on fishing lines. And limits on fishing smaller species such as menhaden mean that whales off our coasts have more to eat and today can be seen cavorting (欢腾)within sight of the Statue of Liberty. ____25____, American commercial and recreational fisheries generated 35 percent more sales in 2022 than in 2018. But walk into your local supermarket, and you may still be buying snapper blasted from their reefs by Indonesian fishermen using dynamite or ____26____ caught yellowfin tuna and squid. U.S. fisheries may be much improved, but up to 80 percent of the fish and shellfish on American plates is imported. Much of it comes via obscure international seafood conglomerates (企业集团) that purchase fish from companies that have been ____27____ fishing against the law and profiting from forced labor, as the nonprofit Outlaw Ocean Project has documented. We in wealthy nations unwittingly support these abuses by using the world’s supply of fish ____28____ it is a limitless line of credit. But this credit is running out. The global catch of fish and other wildlife in the ocean peaked in the 1990s and has since ____29____ steadily downward. Soon, not even forced labor may be able to _____30_____ profit out of the remaining wild fish. Expanding fish farming, or aquaculture(水产业), was once thought to be a potential _____31_____to this problem, but it has also not, as hoped, given wild fish the break they need. Salmon and shrimp, Americans’ favorite farmed seafoods, are still fed to wild fish caught in poorly regulated foreign waters. Highly nutritious fish, such as anchovies and sardines, that make up 20 percent to 30 percent of the global catch are fed to salmon and shrimp - a striking _____32_____ of protein. Clearly, both wild and farmed seafood have a long way to go before they are actually_____33_____. So what do we need to put truly safe, resilient and ethically procured fish and shellfish on everybody’s_____34_____? Consumers can make better choices, but to move past depletion and abuse, governments need to institute new fishery management laws, _____35_____by rigorous enforcement. 21. A. association B. administration C. conservation D. reservation 22. A. bring forward B. bring back C. bring off D. bring down 23. A. humble B. measurable C. appealing D. considerable 24. A. one-sided B. positive C. skin-deep D. negative 25. A. What’s more B. However C. After all D. Rather 26. A. illegally B. effortlessly C. consciously D. regularly 27. A. held unaccountable for B. accused of C. credited with D. flooded with 28. A. as if B. so that C. because D. for fear that 29. A. lay B. drifted C. blew D. wound 30. A. deprive B. squeeze C. generate D. boast 31. A. approach B. shortcut C. obstacle D. contribution 32. A. supply B. stock C. resources D. waste 33. A. recoverable B. supportive C. developmental D. sustainable 34. A. table B. menu C. shelf D. plate 35. A. accompanied B. reflected C. excluded D. launched 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了关于海洋渔业资源可持续性问题，探讨了当前海鲜市场背后隐藏的问题，并提出了改善现状的建议。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这始于1990年代，当时保护组织开始为保护海洋中的各种生命免受过度捕捞而斗争。A. association协会；B. administration管理；C. conservation保护；D. reservation保留。根据下文“fought to protect all kinds of life in the ocean from overfishing”可知，这些团体是为了保护海洋生物而斗争，因此C选项“conservation保护”最符合上下文语境。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在说服国会制定并执行严格计划来恢复物种后，他们启动了一个良性循环，使海鲜，从强大的剑鱼到卑微的海扇贝，再次变得吸引人。A. bring forward提出；B. bring back恢复；C. bring off完成；D. bring down降低。根据下文“a virtuous cycle that made seafood”可知，上文提到了良性循环，可推理出这些计划是为了让海鲜种类恢复生机。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. humble卑微的；B. measurable可测量的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. considerable相当大的。根据上文“a virtuous cycle”可知，上文提到了良性循环，可推理出此处说的是这些措施使得海鲜再次变得吸引人。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他物种的新规定也产生了类似的积极影响。A. one-sided片面的；B. positive积极的；C. skin-deep表面的；D. negative消极的。根据下文“Sea turtles that once drowned in shrimp nets can now escape”可知，曾经在虾网中溺亡的海龟现在可以逃脱了，可推理出这些新规定使产生了积极的影响。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，美国商业和休闲渔业在2022年的销售额比2018年增加了35%。A. What’s more此外；B. However然而；C. After all毕竟；D. Rather相当。根据下文“American commercial and recreational fisheries generated 35 percent more sales in 2022 than in 2018”可知，下文说的是美国商业和休闲渔业在2022年比2018年销售额增长了35%，这里是补充说明新规定带来的正面效果，因此A选项“What’s more此外”最符合上下文语境。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但走进你当地的超市，你可能仍然在购买被印尼渔民使用炸药从珊瑚礁上炸下来的石斑鱼，或者非法捕捞的黄鳍金枪鱼和鱿鱼。A. illegally非法地；B. effortlessly毫不费力地；C. consciously有意识地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“using dynamite”可知，上文提到了使用炸药捕鱼，可推理出这里指的是非法捕捞的鱼类。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中很多是通过一些不透明的国际海鲜集团购买的，这些集团从那些被控告的公司购买鱼类，这些公司违法捕鱼并从强迫劳动中获利，正如非营利组织Outlaw Ocean Project所记录的那样。A. held unaccountable for未被追究责任；B. accused of被控告；C. credited with归功于；D. flooded with淹没。根据下文“fishing against the law and profiting from forced labor”可知，下文说的是违法捕鱼并从强迫劳动中获利，这些公司因违法捕鱼而被控告，因此B选项“accused of”最符合上下文语境。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我们这些富裕国家的人们不知不觉地支持这些滥用行为，好像世界上的鱼类供应是一个无限的信贷额度。A. as if好像；B. so that以便；C. because因为；D. for fear that以免。根据下文“it is a limitless line of credit”可知，这里表达的是一个假设的情况，即我们使用鱼类资源的方式好像是无限的，因此A选项“as if好像”最符合上下文语境。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球鱼类和其他野生动物的捕获量在1990年代达到顶峰，此后一直稳步下降。A. lay放置；B. drifted逐渐变化（尤指向坏的方面）；C. blew吹；D. wound蜿蜒。根据下文“steadily downward”可知，捕获量一直在稳步下降，因此B选项“drifted逐渐变化（尤指向坏的方面）”最符合上下文语境。故选B。 30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，即使是强迫劳动也可能无法从剩余的野生鱼类中榨取利润。A. deprive剥夺；B. squeeze挤压；C. generate产生；D. boast夸耀。根据下文“profit out of the remaining wild fish”可知，下文说的是从减少的鱼类资源中获取利润，可推理出这里指的是即使使用强迫劳动，也无法从减少的鱼类资源中获取利润。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扩大水产养殖，或水产养殖，曾经被认为是解决这个问题的潜在方法，但它也没有像预期的那样给野生鱼类带来休息的机会。A. approach方法；B. shortcut捷径；C. obstacle障碍；D. contribution贡献。根据下文“to this problem”可知，下文说的是问题，可推理出这里指的是水产养殖作为解决问题的一种方法。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高度营养的鱼类，如鳀鱼和沙丁鱼，占全球捕获量的20%至30%，被喂给鲑鱼和虾——这是蛋白质的惊人浪费。A. supply供应；B. stock库存；C. resources资源；D. waste浪费。根据上文“Highly nutritious fish, such as anchovies and sardines, that make up 20 percent to 30 percent of the global catch are fed to salmon and shrimp”可知，上文说的是占全球捕获量的20%至30%高度营养的鱼类被喂给鲑鱼和虾，可推理出此处说的是一种资源的浪费。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，无论是野生的还是养殖的海鲜，在真正变得可持续之前还有很长的路要走。A. recoverable可恢复的；B. supportive支持的；C. developmental发展的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据下文“Consumers can make better choices, but to move past depletion and abuse, governments need to institute new fishery management laws”可知，下文说的是消费者可以做出更好的选择，但要摆脱资源枯竭和滥用问题，政府需要制定新的渔业管理法律，可推理出这里指的是海鲜资源的可持续性。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们需要做什么才能让真正安全、有弹性和道德采购的鱼类和贝类出现在每个人的盘子上呢？A. table桌子；B. menu菜单；C. shelf架子；D. plate盘子。根据下文“Consumers can make better choices”可知，下文说的是消费者可以做出选择，可推理出这里指的是让真正安全、有弹性和道德采购的鱼类和贝类出现在每个消费者的餐盘上。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：消费者可以做出更好的选择，但要超越枯竭和滥用，政府需要制定新的渔业管理法律，并辅以严格的执法。A. accompanied伴随；B. reflected反映；C. excluded排除；D. launched发起。根据上文“to move past depletion and abuse, governments need to institute new fishery management laws”可知，上文说的是越枯竭和滥用，政府需要制定新的渔业管理法律，可推理出这里指的是法律需要辅以严格的执法，因此A选项“accompanied伴随”最符合上下文语境。故选A。 Section B (22分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Anita Bhagwandas is really ugly.” This was a comment that had been left on an online forum 10 years ago in reaction to a picture of me alongside my colleagues. “Trolls will be trolls,“ friends comforted me when I told them about it. They told me that I should forget all about those words. But I couldn’t let “ugly” go. I’ve had a complex relationship with that word my whole life. Growing up in Wales during the 1990s and 2000s as a plus-sized, dark-skinned Indian girl, I wanted to look like anyone other than myself. This discomfort followed me from my teens all the way up to my university and adult life--an imaginary friend was always there to remind me of my lowly place in the world. Overtime, it developed into an obsession with thinness and all that it promised: prettiness, acceptance, success. I, like many others, have been on and off some type of diet throughout my life. It feels like a never-ending game of chess, using protein bars and fried chicken as pieces. To say that trying to navigate this internal concept of “ugly” shaped my life would be an understatement. It affected everything, including my career: I became a beauty editor. I was driven by the knowledge that the industry needed to be more inclusive. Working on the inside of the beauty industry, I started to notice some changes. Around 2010, social media gave people a voice and more control over what magazines and brands were creating for them. Now, consumers were increasingly being told to “love the skin you’re in” or to feel like you’re “worth it.” I finally found some comfort--but it wasn’t because of the popular slogan “love yourself as you are.” That never worked for me because it didn’t go deep enough. But when I started to read about how beauty standards were created, who created them and who was holding the puppet strings that are making so many of us feel ugly, things started to gradually change. I developed some self-protective methods to counter the wrongness of the beauty standards I’d been sold my entire life. Today, I still buy beauty products, but I do so because I love their smells, their designs and their textures, so purchasing beauty products has become much of a pleasurable experience for me. It makes a big difference to your mindset when you are using beauty products for joy, rather than to look prettier, thinner and younger. Am I fixed? Do I walk around giving myself high fives in wing mirrors and windows? No. But I do feel so much more at peace with my appearance. I’ve come to learn how important it is for me to root my self-worth in the qualities that really define me--my character and positive traits. Once I had done so, I started to realize that ugly is an ever-changing concept--and the biggest lesson I’ve learned is never to trust those binary(二元对立的)categories. “Pretty” and “ugly” don’t actually exist. 36. When the author was called ugly by strangers online, she________. A. just laughed it off B. was really astonished about it C. tried to pay no attention to it D. felt as uncomfortable as she had as a child 37. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply? A. The author’s diet is unhealthy and unbalanced. B. The author has been following a very strict diet plan. C. The author finds it beyond her intelligence to make herself a diet plan. D. The author has long battled between eating fattening foods and struggling to lose weight. 38. We can learn from the article that the author became a beauty editor because________. A. she wanted to fulfill her childhood dream B she aspired to broaden the public perception C. she wished to explore the true standards of beauty herself D. she hoped to prove herself to those who looked down upon her 39. The author’s perception of herself improved significantly________. A. after having worked in the beauty industry B. when she learnt about the secrets behind beauty standards C. when she defined her self-worth based on her good qualities D. after having been inspired by the slogan “love yourself as you are.” 【答案】36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者Anita Bhagwandas分享了她从小到大因外貌而产生的自卑感，以及她是如何逐渐克服这种感觉，学会接受并爱自己本来的样子的过程。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I’ve had a complex relationship with that word my whole life. Growing up in Wales during the 1990s and 2000s as a plus-sized, dark-skinned Indian girl, I wanted to look like anyone other than myself.( 我对那个词有着复杂的情感。在20世纪90年代和21世纪初，我成长于威尔士，作为一个体型偏大、肤色较深的印度女孩，我希望自己的外貌能与现在的自己完全不同)”以及“But I couldn’t let “ugly” go(但我无法摆脱“丑陋”这个词)”可知，作者小时候就对自己的外貌不满意，被人说丑后，她感觉就像小时候一样不舒服。故选D项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Overtime, it developed into an obsession with thinness and all that it promised: prettiness, acceptance, success. I, like many others, have been on and off some type of diet throughout my life (随着时间的推移，这已经演变成了一种对苗条身材的痴迷，以及它所承诺的一切：美丽、接受和成功。我像许多人一样，一生中断断续续地尝试过各种减肥方法)”可知作者痴迷苗条身材以及它所承诺的一切：美丽、接受和成功，像许多人一样，一生中断断续续地尝试过各种减肥方法，可推理出作者一直在吃增肥食物和努力减肥之间挣扎。故选 D 项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I became a beauty editor. I was driven by the knowledge that the industry needed to be more inclusive(我成为了一名美容编辑。我之所以这样做，是因为我知道这个行业需要更多的包容性)”可知作者成为了一名美容编辑是因为作者知道这个行业需要更多的包容性，可推理出作者成为美容编辑是因为她渴望拓宽公众对美的认知，使美容行业更加包容。故选 B 项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I’ve come to learn how important it is for me to root my self-worth in the qualities that really define me—my character and positive traits. Once I had done so, I started to realize that ugly is an ever-changing concept—and the biggest lesson I’ve learned is never to trust those binary (二元对立的) categories(我了解到，将自我价值建立在真正定义我的特质上——我的性格和积极特质是多么重要。一旦我做到了这一点，我开始意识到“丑陋”是一个不断变化的概念——我学到的最重要的一课是永远不要相信那些二元对立的分类)” 可知，当作者根据自己的良好品质来定义自我价值时，她对自己的认知有了显著提高。故选 C 项。 (B) Road Bike Vs Hybrid Bike — Choosing the Right Bike Road bikes are all about speed and performance, aiming to be the quickest bike possible. Hybrid bikes take characteristics from both road and mountain bikes. Is one better than the other? We’ll unpack everything there is to know about them and how they differ. Performance Road bikes are more performance-driven. The weight of frame plays a big part in a bike’s speed. The industry standard for building the lightest bikes is to construct carbon fiber frames. While aluminum bike frames are only a half-pound to a pound heavier, that difference can go a long way. A majority of road bikes are built with carbon and a majority of hybrids are built with aluminum or steel. Comfort The hybrid wins the comfort battle. One of the quickest ways to distinguish a hybrid bike from a road bike is by looking at the handlebars. Hybrids typically come with flat bars making the stability and turning easy and comfortable. Whereas the drop bars commonly found on a road bike can be challenging to stabilize for inexperienced cyclists. Components A bike’s components include brakes, shifters, chain, etc. Although there can be high-end components on hybrids and low-end components on road bikes it doesn’t typically shake out to be that way. Expect hybrids to be equipped with lower-end components and road bikes to be equipped with the higher end ones. Touring Both bikes can be used for touring. But hybrid bike frames are typically more durable for long multi-day adventures because they can sustain the extra weight of luggage, say, pannier (货篮) bags for camping vacations. Before purchasing, be sure to locate a local bike rental shop to get familiar with a bike. Testing out a bike in the parking lot of a bike shop won’t do your purchase justice. Instead, be sure to take the road bike vs hybrid battle to the streets. No matter which bike you choose you are guaranteed to enjoy your rides knowing that you’ve picked the best bike for you. 40. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Compared with carbon fiber frames, aluminum bike frames are a half-pound to a pound heavier and don’t result in much difference in speed. B. It’s not common to see low-end components on hybrids and high-end components on road bikes. C. Before purchasing a bike, taking it to the parking lot of a bike shop to test out is not recommended by the author. D. Hybrids have an edge over road bikes only from the perspective of comfort. 41. Jack, an inexperienced cyclist, chooses to buy a hybrid bike instead of a road bike for his five-day adventurous trip possibly because________. A. a hybrid bike has an additional drop bar to keep balance B. a road bike is not suitable for touring C. a road bike challenges a rider’s flexibility D. a hybrid bike can sustain more weight 42. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. An advertisement for a bike rental shop. B. A paper analyzing the differences between two kinds of bikes. C. A guide on how to choose between two kinds of bikes. D. News on road bikes and hybrid bikes. 【答案】40. C 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是公路自行车和混合动力自行车在性能、舒适度、配件和旅行时的特点，以便消费者选择合适的自行车。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Testing out a bike in the parking lot of a bike shop won’t do your purchase justice.(在自行车店的停车场里测试一辆自行车是不公平的。)”可知，在自行车店的停车场测试自行车对消费者来说是不公平的，由此可知，作者不建议在自行车店的停车场测试自行车。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Touring部分中的“But hybrid bike frames are typically more durable for long multi-day adventures because they can sustain the extra weight of luggage, say, pannier (货篮) bags for camping vacations.(但混合动力自行车的车架通常更耐用，适合多天的长途旅行，因为它们可以承受额外的行李重量，比如露营度假用的货篮包。)”可知，混合动力自行车能承受额外的行李重量，所以，一个没有经验的自行车手，选择买一辆混合动力自行车而不是公路自行车为他的五天冒险之旅可能是因为混合动力自行车能承受额外的行李重量。故选D项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“Road bikes are all about speed and performance, aiming to be the quickest bike possible. Hybrid bikes take characteristics from both road and mountain bikes. Is one better than the other? We’ll unpack everything there is to know about them and how they differ.(公路自行车都是关于速度和性能，旨在成为最快的自行车。混合动力自行车兼有公路自行车和山地车的特点。一个比另一个好吗？我们将揭开关于它们的一切，以及它们的不同之处。)”以及文章的标题“Road Bike Vs Hybrid Bike – Choosing the Right Bike(公路自行车Vs混合动力自行车——选择合适的自行车)”可知，本文介绍了公路自行车和混合动力自行车的特点，以便消费者选择合适的自行车，所以本文的目的是关于如何在两种自行车之间进行选择的指南。故选C项。 (C) An Internet privacy bill introduced by Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto would prohibit discriminatory data practices. That is a good goal. But which practices qualify as discriminatory is a complicated question. Privacy activists have long stressed that data over-collection and misuse cause disproportionate harm to minority groups. Often, that harm is prohibited by existing civil rights rules. But those rules were put into place before anyone could have imagined an age of digital discrimination, and companies are avoiding them. Take targeted advertising. Leaders in the industry make money by allowing advertisers to select the very specific group of the population they think are most likely to want their products. Sometimes, those categories are the same classes of people that civil rights law exists to protect, such as minorities and women. That can lead to forms of marketing that are not hidden at all: say, promoting women’s shoes exclusively to potential customers who have displayed an online interest in women’s fashion. It can also lead to obvious abuses, such as companies displaying housing ads only to mainstream individuals, whether by explicitly excluding minorities or engaging in digital redlining via Zip code restrictions. An expanse of gray lies in between. Regulators will have to decide whether to limit anti-discrimination rules to areas where there are traditionally heightened protections or whether — and how — to push beyond those frameworks. And they will have to address how platforms’ traditional immunity from obligation for users’ actions runs up against any new rules. Lawmakers will also have to look at data-based discrimination that is not designed to have a negative impact on protected groups but does anyway. An algorithm(算法) that adjusts an ad’s audience to maximize engagement could end up showing a job posting only to men if men click on it most frequently — which could occur for a profession historically unfriendly to women. The same unintentional discrimination can occur in hiring, loan approval and elsewhere: Tools trained with information from years of totally different treatment often keep up those unfair outcomes. There’s an added wrinkle. Sometimes, targeting sensitive advertisements based on protected characteristics can actually promote equality. Directing education opportunities to an underserved community is a kind of advertising affirmative action that regulators should take care not to prohibit. Whatever Congress decides — Ms. Cortez Masto’s bill would leave the particulars to the Federal Trade Commission— any law should require that companies of a certain size study how their algorithms do, or don’t, hurt the vulnerable. In the data privacy debate, generalized philosophical complaints can sometimes overshadow concrete harms. Putting the discriminatory use of data front and center focuses discussion of a federal framework on what it actually ought to do: protect Americans, especially those who need it most. 43. What is the purpose of the privacy act? A. To prevent data discrimination. B. To put into place civil rights rules. C. To stress the harm of data over-collection. D. To work out the complicated discrimination question. 44. What problem will regulators have to face? A. Whose action run up against any new rules. B. How to address customers’ immunity from obligation. C. Which areas are changed from traditionally heightened protection. D. Whether to restrict or expand the application of anti-discrimination. 45. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A. Some data-based discrimination hurts more men than women. B. Advertisements targeted on underserved groups can bring positive effects. C. Concrete harms can be solved if there’s less philosophical complaints. D. There are distinct line between targeted marketing and obvious abuse. 46. Which is the best title? A. Protecting Digital Privacy. B. Overstating Digital Protection. C. Defining Digital Discrimination. D. Adding Wrinkles to Advertisement. 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了互联网隐私法案中关于禁止歧视性数据操作的问题，包括其目标、面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案等。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“An Internet privacy bill introduced by Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto would prohibit discriminatory data practices.（参议员凯瑟琳・科尔特斯・马斯托提出的一项互联网隐私法案将禁止歧视性的数据操作。）”可知，提出隐私法案的目的是防止数据歧视。故选A项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Regulators will have to decide whether to limit anti-discrimination rules to areas where there are traditionally heightened protections or whether — and how — to push beyond those frameworks.（监管机构将不得不决定是将反歧视规则限制在传统上保护力度更大的领域，还是以及如何突破这些框架。）”可知，监管机构必须面对的问题是是否限制或扩大反歧视的应用。故选D项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Sometimes, targeting sensitive advertisements based on protected characteristics can actually promote equality. Directing education opportunities to an underserved community is a kind of advertising affirmative action that regulators should take care not to prohibit.（有时，根据受保护的特征针对敏感广告实际上可以促进平等。将教育机会导向服务不足的社区是一种广告平权行动，监管机构应注意不要禁止。）”可知，针对服务不足群体的广告可以带来积极影响。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Internet privacy bill introduced by Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto would prohibit discriminatory data practices. That is a good goal. But which practices qualify as discriminatory is a complicated question(参议员Catherine Cortez Masto提出的互联网隐私法案旨在禁止歧视性的数据实践。这是个好目标，但哪些行为属于歧视性的是个复杂问题)”以及最后一段“Whatever Congress decides — Ms. Cortez Masto’s bill would leave the particulars to the Federal Trade Commission— any law should require that companies of a certain size study how their algorithms do, or don’t, hurt the vulnerable. In the data privacy debate, generalized philosophical complaints can sometimes overshadow concrete harms. Putting the discriminatory use of data front and center focuses discussion of a federal framework on what it actually ought to do: protect Americans, especially those who need it most(无论国会如何决定，科特兹·马斯托女士的提案将具体细节留给了联邦贸易委员会。任何法律都应要求一定规模的公司研究其算法是否对弱势群体造成伤害。在数据隐私辩论中，泛化的哲学抱怨有时会掩盖具体伤害。将数据的歧视性使用置于讨论的中心，可以聚焦于联邦框架的实际作用：保护美国人，特别是最需要保护的人)”可知，文章围绕互联网隐私法案中对歧视性数据操作的讨论展开，涉及如何定义数字歧视、监管机构面临的问题等，C项“Defining Digital Discrimination定义数字歧视”能够准确概括文章主旨。故选C项。 Section C(8分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Giving Robots a Fleshy Face and a Smile If humanoid robots look a bit cold-would it help if they had fleshy faces that can smile at you? A research team in Japan has created a face mask from human skin cells and attached it to robots with a novel technique.____47____. This outward layer, the researchers say, is both elastic and durable enough to protect robots while making them appear more human. “Human-like faces and expressions improve communication and empathy in human-robot interactions,” said Shoji Takeuchi, the study’s lead researcher. “This further makes robots more effective in health care, service and companionship roles.” Beyond expressiveness, the “skin” can self-repair and heal. ____48____. The novel skin attachment method advances the newborn “biohybrid” robotics field, said Kevin Lynch, an expert on robotics and biosystems. This field integrates mechanical engineering with genetic and tissue engineering. “This study is an innovative contribution to the problem of anchoring artificial skin to the underlying material,” said Lynch. Takeuchi’s team has been working with labmade human skin for years. In 2022, they developed a robotic finger covered in living skin. ____49____. The team had tried anchoring the skin with mini-hooks, but those caused tears as the robot moved. The researchers then decided to mimic ligaments (韧带), the tiny ropes of loose tissue that connect bones. They drilled small, V-shaped holes into the robot and applied a gel，which plugged the holes and made the artificial skin attach to the robot. “This approach integrates traditional rigid robots with soft, biological skins, making them more ‘human-like,’” said Yifan Wang, a mechanical engineer. ____50____. “This could create opportunities for the robots to sense and safely interact with humans,” Wang said. The faces of the robots with artificial skin in Takeuchi’s lab are unable to sense touch or temperature change. Takeuchi said that is his next research target. “We aim to create skin that closely resembles real skin by gradually constructing essential components such as blood vessels, nerves and sweat glands,” he said. In place of the neural systems that convey sensation in a human body, a robot’s electronics would need to power a sensor signal. This development, Wang said, would require much more time and research. A. It is flexible enough to turn down into a grimace (鬼脸) or up into a smile. B. This is “an exciting area of development,” but market adoption would be complex. C. It could bend like a human finger, making it capable of performing more precise tasks. D. While protecting a robot’s complex machinery, it is soft and light enough for a wide range of uses. E. This capacity is a “critical feature” for humanoid robots as even small scratches could lead to breakdowns. F. The skin attachment also gives humanoid robots the potential for sensation, taking science one step closer to sci-fi fantasy. 【答案】47. A 48. E 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本的一个研究团队用人的皮肤细胞创造了一种面罩，并将其用新技术附着在机器人上，使机器人更具人性化，同时也探讨了这种技术的发展前景和面临的挑战。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A research team in Japan has created a face mask from human skin cells and attached it to robots with a novel technique.(日本的一个研究团队用人的皮肤细胞创造了一种面罩，并将其用新技术附着在机器人上)” 以及下文“This outward layer, the researchers say, is both elastic and durable enough to protect robots while making them appear more human.(研究人员说，这种外层既具有弹性又足够耐用，可以保护机器人，同时使它们看起来更像人类)”可知，此处上下文在描述这种面罩特点，A项“While protecting a robot’s complex machinery, it is soft and light enough for a wide range of uses.(它有足够的灵活性，可以向下变成鬼脸或向上变成微笑。)”表达的含义符合语境，描述这种外层的特点。故选A。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Beyond expressiveness, the “skin” can self-repair and heal.(除了具有表现力之外，这种“皮肤”还可以自我修复和愈合)” 以及下文 “The novel skin attachment method advances the newborn “biohybrid” robotics field.(这种新颖的皮肤附着方法推动了新生的“生物混合”机器人领域的发展)” 可知，这里说的是这种自我修复和愈合能力重要性，E项“This capacity is a ‘critical feature’ for humanoid robots as even small scratches could lead to breakdowns.(这种能力对于人形机器人来说是一个“关键特征”，因为即使是很小的划痕也可能导致故障)”表达的含义符合语境，故选E。 【49题详解】 根据上文“In 2022, they developed a robotic finger covered in living skin.(2022年，他们开发了一种覆盖着活体皮肤的机器人手指)”可知上文提到了开发了一种覆盖着活体皮肤的机器人手指，可推理出下文应对这种手指的功能做进一步介绍，C项“It could bend like a human finger, making it capable of performing more precise tasks.(它可以像人类手指一样弯曲，使其能够执行更精确的任务)”表达的含义符合语境，故选C。 【50题详解】 根据下文“This could create opportunities for the robots to sense and safely interact with humans.(这可能为机器人感知和安全地与人类互动创造机会)”可知下文说的是这种皮肤能为机器人感知和安全地与人类互动创造机会，可推理出上文需要填入一个说明这种技术给机器人带来感知潜力的句子，F项“The skin attachment also gives humanoid robots the potential for sensation, taking science one step closer to sci-fi fantasy.(这种皮肤附着也给人形机器人带来了感知的潜力，使科学离科幻幻想又近了一步)”符合语境，故选F。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Buy Experiences, not Possessions Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. They conducted a series of 13 experiments, asking people to think about either experiential or material purchases and then rate feelings on nine-point scales. In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. Owning the same T-shirt or sneakers as someone else is an interesting coincidence, but hiking the same trail or seeing the same performance makes people feel more connected. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Researchers asked participants to consider a situation in which they met someone who had made a similar experiential or material purchase, but the other person’s purchase was “upgraded”. Even in these cases, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Knowing that another person has a better version of what you have can create a sense of social distance. What researchers observe, however, is that this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. Although unpleasant social comparisons can be commonplace in terms of possessions, it may be easier to find common ground and connect with someone else over similar experiences. Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. People who reflected on experiences they had acquired—rather than material goods—reported a broader sense of connection to humanity. They were more likely to express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence. People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. Also, experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了经历性购买往往比物质性购买给人们带来更多的幸福可以通过下游后果来证明。即使人们的在经历时有所差别，人们也会觉得与拥有相同体验消费的人有更多的联系。此外，经历式消费更广泛地培养了一种社会联系感。 【详解】要点摘录 ①Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. ②In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. ③This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. ④These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. ⑤Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 2.缜密构思 将第①要点进行重组，将第②③④三个要点进行整合，将第⑤要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 ①Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence. ②People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. ③Also, experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括，点明文章主要论点。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中使用被动语态结构等表达高级）。 [高分句型2]：People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段，第三段，第四段进行了高度概括，总结论据合理。其中when引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，以及现在分词作后置定语等表达非常高级。 ） V. Translation (15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你越是关注负面情绪，就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The more…the more )(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more you focus on negative emotions, the more difficult it is to shift your attention to other things. 【解析】 【详解】考查比较级结构、动词短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“越…越…”应用比较级结构The more…the more…；表示“关注”应用动词短语focus on；表示“负面情绪”应用negative emotions；表示“将注意力转移到其他事情”应用shift your attention to other things，其中shift表示“转移”，to引导方向。“做某事困难”用it is difficult to do。故翻译为The more you focus on negative emotions, the more difficult it is to shift your attention to other things. 53. 中秋节吃象征团圆和和谐的月饼是由来已久的传统。(It)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is a time-honored tradition to eat mooncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whose symbol is reunion and harmony. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“在中秋节”含义的表达为：at Mid-Autumn Festival；表示“象征”含义的表达为：symbol；表示“团圆和和谐”含义的表达为：reunion and harmony；表示“由来已久的传统”应使用短语time-honored tradition；表示“吃月饼”应使用动词不定式to eat mooncakes，因为这里描述的是一个动作，即在中秋节做的特定行为；“象征团圆和和谐”在句中作为定语从句修饰mooncakes，因引导词在定语从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导定语从句；“It is...to do sth.”是固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故翻译为It is a time-honored tradition to eat mooncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whose symbol is reunion and harmony。 54. 出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For the sake of safety, the authorities insist that tourists should not deviate from the marked paths when sightseeing. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“出于……起见”短语为for the sake of；“当局”可译为the authorities；“坚持要求”可用insist that，后面接宾语从句，用虚拟语气，即(should) do；“偏离”可译为deviate from；“标记的路径”可译为marked paths；“在游览观光时”可译为 when sightseeing。故翻译为For the sake of safety, the authorities insist that tourists should not deviate from the marked paths when sightseeing. 55. 这个开创性的发现注定会消除科学界对我们的偏见，为进一步提高燃料效能铺就道路。 (bound)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This groundbreaking discovery is bound to dispel the biases in the scientific community and pave the way for further improvements in fuel efficiency. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词、动词短语和时态。表示“开创性的”应用形容词groundbreaking；表示“注定会”应用be bound to结构，其中bound是形容词，表示“一定会，注定会”，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“消除偏见”应用动词短语dispel the biases；表示“铺就道路”应用固定短语pave the way for；表示“进一步提高燃料效能”应用for further improvements in fuel efficiency。故翻译为This groundbreaking discovery is bound to dispel the biases in the scientific community and pave the way for further improvements in fuel efficiency. VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李敏，学校正在计划面向高三开设一场讲座，具体信息如下。请写一封电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，说明你的选择，并简要说明理由。 主题 English Test Skills Yoga and Relaxation 时长 90分钟 120分钟 时间 周六晚上 周五下午 地点 学生家中 学校体育馆 形式  在线讲授(无操练)  可录播回放  线下讲练结合  不可录播回放 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear teachers, I am a student in senior three in Shanghai Mingqi School. Knowing that you are planning to have a lecture, I’d like to give my opinions. There exist two lectures for us students to choose and one is themed on English Test Skills and the other one is focus on Yoga and Relaxation. The one themed on English Test Skills lasts 90 minutes students can watch it this Saturday evening at home. It is given online without operation and practice, and can be recorded for watching again. The one focusing on Yoga and Relaxation lasts 120 minutes, which is delivered this Friday afternoon in school stadium. It is offline combining lectures and practices, but it can’t be recorded for later watching. As for me, I would like to choose the one related to English Test Skills, the reason for which is that it is so flexible that I can watch it at my own home and I can also choose to watch the recorded one if I wasn’t available this Saturday evening. Your student, Li Min 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生针对学校计划开设的一场讲座，写一封电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，并说明你的选择。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 观点：opinions →viewpoint/perspective 演讲：lecture →speech 与……有关：related to →relevant to 空闲的：available →free 2.句式拓展： 原句：There exist two lectures for us students to choose and one is themed on English Test Skills and the other one is focus on Yoga and Relaxation. 拓展句：There exist two lectures for us students to choose, one of which is themed on English Test Skills and the other one of which is focus on Yoga and Relaxation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Knowing that you are planning to have a lecture, I’d like to give my opinions.(运用了现在分词作状语。) 高分句型2】 The one focusing on Yoga and Relaxation lasts 120 minutes, which is delivered this Friday afternoon in school stadium.(运用了现在分词作定语和which引导非限制性定语从句。) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$