内容正文:
专题十三构词法
(2分)
语法知识理重点
合成法
构词法
转化法
前缀un-,dis,im-,mis-等
派生法
(2年4考)
缩写和简写
后缀-or,ul,y等
(2年4考)
多重点语法分点过
考点)合成法
叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种
常见前缀
构词法叫作合成法。
前缀
含义
举例
类别
构成方法
举例
un-
不:非(表否定)》
unlucky;unfriendly
名词+名词
elassroom:weekend
dis-
不:非(表否定)
disagree:dishonest
复合名词
形容词+名词
blackboard;midnight
im-/in-
不;非(表否定)
impossible;impatient
名词+动词
misunderstand
sunrise:sunset
mis-
错误地(表否定)
inter-
相互:交互:在一起
interview:Internet
名词+形容词
worldwide:homesick
re-
又;再:重新
review:return
名词+分词
man-made:heartbroken
复合
bi-
两个:双边的
bicycle
形容词
形容词+名词
part-time:long-distanee
tele-
远
telephone:television
good-looking;
en-
使…处于某种状态
enable;enrich
形容词+分词
kind-hearted
·常见后缀
复合动词
副词+动词
overcome:download
功能
后缀
举例
-or/-(e)r
visitor[2024.47];actor;driver
复合数词
数词+数词
fifty-four;twenty-two
-ian/-ist
musician;artist
代词/限定词
复合代词
somebody:nothing
-ese
Chinese:Japanese
+名词
-ion/-tion
invitation:discussion
复合副词
副词+名词
indoors:downstairs
构成名词
-ment
development;agreement
考点2派生法(2年4考)
-ing
meeting;meaning
-ness
sadness:kindness
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新
-th/-ty
warmth;safety
词,这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀
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续表
转化
举例
功能
后缀
举例
名词转化为动词
water n.水→water.浇水
-ful
wonderful;successful
名词转化为形容词
right m.右边→right ad(.对的
y
noisy funny
-ing
boring:exciting
动词转化为名词
wak.散步:走→walk n,步行
-d/-ed
relaxed:surprised
形容词转化为动词
slow adj.慢的→slow.放慢
-al
natural:traditional
hard adt.努力→hard ad.困
valuable[2024.53];
副词转化为形容词
able/-ible
难的
构成形容词
possible;comfortable
考臨④缩写和简写
-less
endless:helpless
缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要
y
friendly:lovely
采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法
-ive
active:expensive
来生成新词。另外,还有很多缩写词是由各个单
-0s
dangerous[2023.47;famous
词的首字母组成。
-ern
eastern:western
构成方法
举例
-en
golden:wooden
telephone-→phone;
截头
finally[2023.50]:really;
airplane→plane
构成副词
quickly:deeply
剪切法
laboratory→lab:
去尾
考点③转化法
advertisement-ad
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类,这
既截头又去尾
influenza一→lu
种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之
physical education-PE/P.E.
前的意义联系密切。
首字母缩略法
compact disc→+CD
语法专题情境陈
根据语境,用所给词的正确形式填空。
6.Timmy stayed awake all the time last night because
1.Don't forget your personal (person)things
it was too noisy noise)outside.
before you get off the bus.
7.To live a green life,we should try to save more
2.The book explains grammer
simply (simple)
energy and produce less pollution (pollute).
and clearly.
8.The truth (true)of the story is discovered
3.It is impossible (possible)for Lily's little
little by little as the story develops.
brother to work out the difficult task in such a short
9.The earthquake happened all of a sudden,but
time
luckily (lucky)the villagers were brought to
4.To my surprise,he has decided to donate his body for
a safe place.
medical (medicine)research after his death.
10.Gifts needn't be expensive.As long as it is full of
5.Jane is proud to have been chosen as the director's
true love,it will certainly be valuable
first choice (choose)in the play.
(value).
请完成《情境作业本》(P57)中的练习题
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