11.专题十一 非谓语动词-【加速度中考】2025年贵州中考英语课堂精讲本

专题十一非谓语动词 (1~2分) 语法知识理重点 肯定形式：to+动词原形 否定形式：not+to+动词原形 结构 作主语 作表语 动词不定式 作宾语 （2年2考) 作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语 用法 现在分词 作定语 作状语 非谓语动词 作状语 作主语 (2年3考) 分词 作表语 作宾语 动名词 作宾语补足语 作表语 (2年1考) 过去分词 作定语 作定语 作状语 令重点语法分点过 考点刀动词不定式(2年2考) 置。如： ·不定式的基本结构 We think it useful to learn English.我们认为学 动词不定式的肯定结构为“o+动词原形”， 英语很有用。(it是形式宾语，to learn English是 否定结构为“not to+动词原形”，有时to也可以省 真正的宾语，useful是宾语补足语》 略。注意：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句 ◆常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： 中不能单独作谓语。 wanl想要 forget忘记 refuse拒绝 不定式的基本用法 need需要 ty努力 leam学习 1.作主语 agree同意 help帮助 hope希望 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人 lore喜爱 decide决定 称单数，但在多数情况下，常用t作形式主语，放 3.作宾语补足语 在句首，而将真正的主语动词不定式后置。如： 用法 例句 To learn Chinese is interesting.It is 在“动词+宾语+不定 People warned him to keep interesting to learn Chinese..学习汉语是有趣的。 式”结构中，不定式作宾 clear of drinking wines while 拓展 语补足语，但是当其变 driving.-He was warned to t代替不定式作形式主语的常用句型 为被动语态时，宾语补 keep clear of drinking wines (1)Ifs+ad.+for/ofb.to do sth..对某人来 足语相应变为主语补足 while driving.他被警告开车 说做某事是…的。/某人做某事是…的。 语[2024.45] 时不要喝酒。 (2)f's one's turn to do sth.轮到莱人做某事了 动词不定式在某些感官 (3)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth,做某事花了 动词或使役动词等之后 I hear her sing in the room. 某人多长时间。 作宾语补足语时，均省 She is heard to sing in the 略了动词不定式符号to, room by me. 我听到她在房 2.作宾语 但当上述动词变为被动 间里唱歌。 动词不定式一般放在及物动词后作宾语。其 语态时，其后的不定式 后跟补足语时常用作形式宾语，而将不定式后 符号to要还原 115 ◆常见接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want, 拓展 ask,tell,help,warn,allow,advise,teach,expect, 其他常见的动词不定式的常考句型 (1)00.…0…太…而不能… encourage,order,wish,request (2).…enough to do sth.足够…做某事 ◆常见的感官动词和使役动词作宾语补足语 (3)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某 的有： 事而不愿做某事 一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let, (4)Why don't you do.？=Why not do..？为什 make,have)、四看(look at,.watch,see,notice)、 么不做…？ 半帮助(help既可以带to,也可以不带to)。 (5)had better(ot)do sth.最好（不要）做某事 4.作状语 (6)Letb.do sth.让某人做某事。 用法 例句 考点2动名词(2年1考) To get there on time,they 表目的，目的状语可位 动名词是由“动词原形+ig”构成，既具有动 took a taxi..为了按时到那 于句首或句末[2023.48】 词的特征，也具有名词的特征。 儿，他们乘坐了出租车 成分 用法 例句 表原因，和某些形容词 I'm happy to see you are 般表示经常性、习惯 连用，构成“be+形容词 afe,我很高兴看到你是 Saying so much is 性的动作，有时也用 +不定式”结构 安全的 作主语 useless.说那么多没 作形式主语，而把动名 有用。 表结果，结果状语常与 He is tall enough to reach 词后置[23.40 副词enough(表示肯定) the apple.他很高，足以够 I like playing ping- 可作动词和介词的 或too(表示否定)连用 得着那个苹果。 作宾语 pong very much.我非 宾语 常喜欢打乒乓球。 ◆“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 Tom's favorite sport 1.疑问词与动词不定式连用可作主语宾语 多表示抽象性或习 is playing football. 或表语。如： 作表语 惯性的动作，一般说 汤姆最喜欢的运动 (1)When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided 明主语的内容 是踢足球。 yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。（作主语） 位于被修饰词之前， My grandfather has a (2)I haven't decided when to leave yet..我还没 作定语 表示被修饰词的 walking stick.我爷 决定好什么时候离开。（作宾语）】 用途 爷有一根拐杖。 (3)The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语) 常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语： 2.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化 practice练习 admit承认 suggest建议 为宾语从句。如： avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 Can you tell me where to buy the scarf?Can finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 you tell me where I can buy the scarf?你能告诉我 mind介意 miss错过 stop停止 在哪里能买到这条围巾吗？ feel like想要 put off推迟 give up放弃 be worth值得 be busy忙于 can't help禁不住 look forward to..期待/盼望… have trouble/difficulty(in)..在…方面有麻烦/困难 116 有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语， 续表 但意义不同。常见的有： 成分 用法 例句 单词 常见搭配 具有形容词的性 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 质，通常放在被修 The dancing girl is my stop classmate.那个跳舞的 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 饰的词前面，表示 女孩是我的同学。 主动、进行的意义 try doing sth.尝试做某事 作定语 try 分词短语作定语通 Do you know the boy try to do sth.尽力做某事 常放在被修饰的词 standing under the forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做） forget 后面，相当于一个 tree?你认识站在树 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做） 定语从句 下面的那个男孩吗？ remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做） 在句中可作时间状 Walking along the remember remember to do sth..记得要做某事（未做） 语、原因状语、结果 street,they saw Mr. 作状语 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事（已做） 状语、条件状语，方 Green.沿着街道走着， regret 式状语等 他们看到了格林先生。 regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做） 过去分词 need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义） need need to do sth.需要做某事（主动含义） 成分 用法 例句 I found the book is well mean doing sth.意味者做某事 通常说明主语的状 mean 作表语 written..我发现这本书 mean to do sth.打算做某事 态或感受 写得很好。 考点3分词 表示与宾语之间的 I'm going to have my 作宾语 分词包括现在分词（动词-ig)和过去分词（动 被动语态，完成状态 bike repaired..我要去 补足语 词-d)。作为非谓语动词，分词具有形容词、副词 或动作由他人完成 修理我的自行车。 的功能 具有形容词的性 ·现在分词 质，通常放在被修 He is a retired worker. 成分 用法 例句 饰的词前面，表示 他是一名退休工人。 被动、完成意义 通常说明主语的特 T he news is encouraging 作定语 作表语 分词短语作定语通 征、性质 这消息技舞人心 Is there anything 常放在被修饰的词 planned for tomorrow? 后面，相当于一个 说明宾语正在进行 I found a boy reading 明天有什么活动吗？ 定语从句 作宾语 的动作或宾语的特 in a car yesterday.昨 补足语 性，与宾语之间是 天我发现一个男孩在 在句中可作时间状 Given another chance, 语、原因状语、结果 he will do better.再给 主动关系 汽车里读书。 作状语 状语、条件状语、方 他一次机会，他会做 式状语等 得更好。 语法专题情境练 【.根据语境，用所给词的正确形式填空。 by2025 1.The charity organization has made a promise to 2.It is necessary to learn learn)to manage plant plant)5 million trees in this area time and make good use of every minute. 117 3.达律s规In China,there are some strict laws to Reading books opens up a new whole prevent people from driving drive)after world to me and brings me a lot of fun. drinking wine. 5.李明正在考虑买一辆电动汽车，因为它更环保 4.People also collect things just to remember 且更便宜。 remember)something important in their lives. Since it is greener and cheaper,Li Ming is 5.Every time the boy speaks loudly in order to make considering buying an electric car. everyone in the room hear (hear)him clearly. Ⅲ.语言运用第二节 6.On the first day of each term,we hold the 人与自我—一做人与做事 opening (open)ceremony.The most exciting How can I become a better person?This moment is to watch the raising of the national flag. question has been in my heart for long.As students, 7.He used to invite his friends to eat outside in we spend most of our time 1.studying (study). restaurants,but now he is used to inviting It's important for us to study at school.I know that (invite)them to his home. learning at school makes us better persons,but I 8.-It is reported that many sea animals have died always dream of 2.doing do)more. because of waste masks(口罩) Last year,I got to know a group of autistic( -People must stop littering litter)waste 自闭症的)children.We called them“the Snails'” masks into the sea. It was hard 3.to communicate communicate) 9.Compared (compare)with many other cities with them at first,because they wouldn't like to. in China,Nanjing is more attractive to tourists After a two-week training,I became more skilled.I from home and abroad. talked more with them and got closer to them day by 10.Volunteering makes (make)the world warmer. day.I received much pleasure when 4.playing Even small things can make a big difference. play)with them.I also found that each "Snail"had Ⅱ.语言运用第一节 his or her own talent.And their colorful pictures on the 1.讲好中国故事，就是增强文化自信 wall caught my special attention,but it was difficult to Telling Chinese stories well is to improve tell what they were trying 5.to express cultural confidence. (express). 2.随着年龄的增长，一件重要的事情就是学会如 Deeply moved by their pictures,I decided 何明智地做出选择。 6.to hold_(hold)a charity(慈善)sale.We As you grow older,one important thing is to learn walked on the busy street,7.selling (sell)their how to make choices wisely creative pictures.60 pictures were sold that day.It 3.听到她们被选为剧中的主角，双胞胎姐妹是多 was really an unforgettable experience.All the 么激动啊！ people thought that their pictures were full of How excited the twin sisters were to hear they had been imagination.I was proud of them. c☑hosen to play the lead roles in the play! Back to the question about how 8.to become 4.读书为我开启了一个全新的世界并带给我许多 become)a better person,I think I'm lucky enough 的快乐。 to get my own answer. 雪请完成《情境作业本》(P56)中的练习题 118