7.专题七 介词-【加速度中考】2025年贵州中考英语课堂精讲本

专题七介词 (2分) 语法知识理重点 on,in,at,before等 时间介词 方式介词(2年1考)一by,in,on,with (2年2考) 介词 其他常见介词 against,for,as等 on,in,to,at,by等 方位介词 (2年4考) (2年1考) 介词的固定搭配 重点语法分点过 考点时间介词(2年2考) 续表 介词 用法 举例 介词 用法 举例 We always buy a lot of food on September Ist 用于具体的某 before 在…之前 before the festival.我们，总 在九月一日： 一天或特定的 是在节日前买许多食物。 on Saturday morning 某一天的上午、 “since+时间 on 在周六上午 下午、晚上前， 点/一段时间+ on a cold afternoon She's been off work since 也可用于星期 ag0”,表示从过 在一个寒冷的下午： since Tuesday.自从星期二以来 或节日前 去某时延续到 on National Day在国庆节 她一直没有上班。 现在，常与现在 in the 21st century 完成时连用 用于世纪、年份、 在21世纪： “or+时间段誉 季节、月份或泛 in2025在2025年： I have learned English for 指动作延续贯穿 指的上午、下午 in summer在夏天： for three years.我学习英语已 整个过程，常用于 晚上前[2024.2] in July在七月： 经三年了。 完成时2023.46 in the morning在早上 after与将来时 in “in+一时间” He'll come back after two I finished my homework in 连用，表示“在 与现在时、过去时 o'clock.他将在两点之后 2 hours.我在两小时内完 …之后”，后 连用，表示“在某 回来。 成了我的家庭作业。 接时间点 段时间之内 after after与过去时 “in+一段时间” My father will come back in He got back from France 连用，表示“在 与将来时连用，表 2 weeks..我的爸爸将在两 after two weeks..两周后他 …之后”，后 示“…之后 周后回来。 从法国回来了。 接时间段 用于具体的时 at6:00在6点： “during+时间 Linda is preparing the clothes 间点前或黎明、 at noon在中午： 段”，表示“在 which she will need during at 正午、黄昏、午 at dusk在黄昏： during …期间”，常与 the school trip.琳达正在准 夜前 at night在晚上 延续性动词连用 备学校旅行时需要的衣服 97 续表 of the wealthiest countries in the world. 介词 用法 举例 (6)传绕x化The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.Grain Buds “by+时间点” Lunch will be ready by 表示“最晚不迟 (小满)usually falls C May. 11:00.午饭将会在十一 于…；到…为 点之前准备好。 考点2方位介词(2年1考) 止”。如果y之 We had learned 1,000 介词 by 后是将来的时间 含义及用法 举例 English words by the end of 点，则与将来时连 (组) last【em.到上学期期末为 用：如果是过去的 在…上（接触物体 止，我们已经学了1000个 on the desk在桌子上 时间点，则与过去 表面) 英语单词了。 完成时连用 “在，向，对”，表示 on the lef/right在左 on 方向 边/右边 后接开始的时 fom8:00to10:00 India lies on the south- from 间，常与o搭配 表示A地与B地接 从八点到十点 west of China.印度位 使用 壤，毗邻，但互不管辖 于中国的西南边。 用于肯定句中 表示在一个范围或大 in the classroom 表示“直到… I will keep them until the 地方（如：国家、省、城 在教室里； 为止”，其前谓 end of November.我会把 市、水域等)内223.4打 in Zunyi在遵义 语动词必须用 它们保存至11月底 Guizhou is located in the until/ 延续性动词 表不A地属于B地 southwest of China.贵州 ti训 用于否定句中 位于中国的西南部。 表示“直到… He didn't go back home I went to the park this 才”，其前谓语 until11:00p.m.直到晚上 “到；去：向；朝…” morning.我今天早上 动词多用非延 十一点他才回家 有一定的方向性 去了公园。 续性动词 to Malaysia lies to the south 表示A地在B地范围 情？应用 of our country.马来西 之外，即A,B两地不 亚位于我们国家的 A.after B.by C.in D.At 接壤 南面。 E.Since F.during G.until 用于较小的场所（如： (1)E last September,the school has set up at a small village at 建筑物、公共机关、机 after-school classes for students. 在一个小村庄 场、街道等)前 (2)Many college students do some voluntary work by the window F their summer holiday. “在…旁边”，强调 by beside the window (3)I had a headache yesterday,but now I feel much 靠近，与beside同义 在窗子旁边 better A taking medicine. beside the TV beside (4)Tom didn't go to bed G midnight last night, 在…旁边或附近 在电视旁边 so he feels sleepy now. behind the door 在…后面 (5)It's possible that B 2050 Brazil will be one 在门后 98 续表 tried to find out what was happening. 介词 (5)The farmers walked to fields with hoes(锄头) 含义及用法 举例 (组) F their shoulders. She took step (6)They sat on the beach and watched the setting towards 向；朝：对者 towards the door.她 sun disappear gradually G the horizon 朝门口迈了一步。 平线) We sat next to each 考点③方式介词(2年1考) next to 紧邻：在…近旁 other.我们紧挨着坐 介词 用法 举例 在一起。 improve my spoken near the beach by+名词/动名词， near 在…附近 English by talking with 在海滩附近 表示“凭借某种方 foreigners.我通过和外国 There is a bridge over 式或手段” “在…正上方”，表 by 人交流来提高我的口语。 he river..河上面有一 示两者不接触 座桥。 She goes to work by by+交通工具，表 subway. 她乘地铁去 over She put a blanket over 示“乘坐” “在…上面”，表示 上班。 he sleeping baby.她 部分覆盖或全部覆盖 给熟睡的孩子（身 “in+语言”表示“使 What's this in English? 上)盖上了毯子。 用……语言” 这个用英语怎么说？ I write a letter in black “在…正下方”，表 under the chair im+颜色/原材料 in under ink,我用黑墨水写了 示两者不接触 在椅子下面 声音/服装等 一封信。 “在…的上方”，表 There is a photo above im+限定词+封 in his car在他的车里 above 示两者不接触，也不 the desk.照片在书桌 闭的交通工具 定垂直 “on+设备（电话、 的上方 They are talking on the 电视、收音机)”， phone.他们正在通 “在（或到）…的下 The coat reaches 41 表示“通过…” 电话。 below 方”，表示两者不接 below the knees..那 om+限定词+大型 on the train在火车上 触，也不一定垂直 件大衣盖过膝盖。 或开放型交通工具 often do my homework 情宽应用 “with+工具”表示 with a pen.我经常用钢 A.through B.beside C.under "用.”[2024.48] 笔做作业。 2 with D.at E.over F.on G.below We see the world with “wh+身体部位” (1)Turn right D the hotel and you can see the eyes. 我们用眼睛看 表示“用” shopping centre on your right. 世界 (2)The teacher stood B David and told him how 情魔应用 to solve the math problem patiently 根据语境，使用恰当的方式介词完成下列各句。 (3)To make the villagers'live easier,our government 3. With body language,I didn't have any will build a bridge E the river. difficulty communicating with Mike,my new (4)The police moved quickly A the crowd and friend. 4.Lucy told me she learned English by working 续表 with a group in the past. 介词 含义及用法 举刚 5.To study Chinese well,Jack often chats with his 与…在 I want to be with you..我想 friends in Chinese. 起：和 和你在一起 6.Roy usually goes to school by bus,but today 有：具有（品 He walked in the classroom he goes to school in his father's car. with 质、特征)： with a book.他拿着一本书 7.My father bought a mobile phone for my 带有 走进教室。 grandfather.Now,I can talk with him face to face on the phone. “随着：由 Fish sleep with their eyes 于”，表伴随 open.鱼睁着眼睡觉。 考点④其他常见介词 “除…之外 介词 含义及用法 举例 He has other people to take (还有)”，指 besides care of besides me.除了我 Put the piano there,against 在原来的基 之外，他还要照顾别人。 倚：碰；撞 he door.把钢琴倚着门放 础上加上 在那里 He spends money like water. 相似：类似：像 “反对；违 I'm sorry he is against your 他挥霍无度。 against 背”，其反义 ideas..我很抱款他反对你的 I don't eat junk food,like 词为for 观点。 hamburgers and potato chips. like 例如：譬如 Our team will play against 我不吃垃圾食品，例如汉堡 对抗：和… yours this afternoon.今天下 包和薯条。 斗争 午我们队将和你们队比赛 像…一样 He runs like the wind. Thank you for teaching us so (比喻) 他像风一样奔跑。 因为：由于 w©l.感谢您如此尽心地教 There are less than twenty 我们。 than “比”，表比较 people there.那里有不到 for “为了…； I bought a cup for my best 20人 给”，表对象 friend..我给我最好的朋友 He's behind the rest of the 目的 买了一个杯子。 behind落后于 class in reading.他的阅读能 力不及班上其他人。 作为：以… He is known as a writer. 身份 他以作家身份出名 表示所属关 She described herself as a 系，意为“… the cover of this book as of 像：如同 reporter..她把自己描述得如 的：属于… 这本书的封面 同一位记者。 的” There is no doubt about it. 通过（障碍、 He got through all the exams. about 关于；对于 这是毫无疑问的。 阶段或考试) 他通过了所有的考试。 He won what he wanted “无；没有” They have gone two days through without without food.他们已经两天 through hard work.他通过努 表示否定 以，凭借 没有吃东西了。 力工作获得了他想要的（东 西)。 100 情境应用 on fire着火：失火 on sale出售：降价出售 A.among B.with C.as D.than E.for on one'8way(to).在某人（去）…的路上 F.besides G.about H.without (4)at+名词 at first起初；起先 at least至少 (1)The government built many schools B big at last最后 at most至多 classrooms and libraries in poor areas. at night在晚上 at noon在中午 (2)As a teenager,F study,we need to know at present目前；现在 at once立刻：马上 how to keep ourselves safe in our daily life. at the same time同时 at times偶尔：有时 (3)Nothing is more important D health,so we at work上班；在工作 at the moment此刻 should take good care of our body. 2.介词与动词的固定搭配 (4)Though jeans were invented over 100 years ago, look after照顾 play with和…玩耍 they're still in fashion today A teenagers. arrive at/,in到达 ask for要求；请求 (5)Children in Art Club painted many beautiful pictures E the festival last Friday. belong to属于 knock at敲 point to指向 think of想起 (6)防史典燕The story of Chang'e is regarded as a look forward to期待：期望 touching traditional folk story G the Mid- 3.介词与形容词的固定搭配 Autumn Festival. be good at擅长 be full of充满… (7)Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.It be different from与…不同 provides us with energy after a long night H be friendly to对…友好 food. be weak in在…方面薄弱 考点5介词的固定搭配 be proud of为…感到骄傲 1.介词与名词的固定搭配 4.其他常见介词短语 (1)in+名词 around the world全世界 hanks to幸亏：由于 in half分成两半 in fact事实上 according to根据 because of因为 in total总共 in detail详细地 due to因为：由于 for example例如 in doubt怀疑地 in danger处于危险中 across from在…对面 as for至于 in front of在…前面 in order井然有序 instead of而不是 except for除了 in person亲自 in public当众 情镜应用 in return作为回报 in turn轮流 9.学会掌控自己的生活，而不是总是拿自己和别 in silence沉默；无声地 in surprise吃惊地 人比较 in trouble处于困境中 in this way用这种方式 Learn to be in control of your own life instead (2)by+名词 of comparing yourself with others all the time. by chance偶然 by hand亲手 10.那个故事如此感人，所有的孩子都静静地听着。 by mistake错误地 The story was so touching that all the children (3)on+名词 listened in silence. on time按时 on foot步行 11.我们应该更多地了解我们自已的艺术和文化， on show在展览 on duty值日 比如二胡和剪纸。 on business出差 on purpose故意 We should learn more about our own art and 101 culture,such as erhu and paper cutting. My grandparents live in the countryside.We visit 12.我的祖父母住在农村。我们每个月至少去看 them at least twice a month. 望他们两次。 语法专题情境练 I,根据语境，从框内7个选项中选出能分别填入 Ⅱ，根据语境，使用恰当的介词完成下列各句。 6个小题空白处的最佳选项。 1.Don't step on the grass!It is against the rules A.behind B.across C.at D.with of the park. E.against F.on G.in 2.料s知Shenzhen lies on the south coast of 1.For not only our safety but also others,we must China. follow the traffic rules when we go B the road. 3.Most students are thirsty for knowledge,so 2.Tianshui is a small city that lies G they listen to the teacher carefully. the southeast of Gansu Province. 4.Things that are made by hand are more meaningful 3.The rain was beating E the windows.The if you want to give them to others as gifts. children were reading quietly in their room. 5.名言句I like the saying very much:the whole 4.Our group got to the foot of the mountain year's work depends on a good start in spring. about six in the late afternoon. Ⅲ.语言运用第一节 5,童原)Citywalk encourages people to travel1.[2024贵阳花溪区久安中学二模]当你开始学英语 around a city F foot and find unusual things 时，你可能发现一开始很困难，但是要坚持。 they might not have noticed before. When you start to learn English,you may find it 6.Nowadays,students are required not only to know hard at first but stick to it. the answers to questions but also to be able to 2.很多在中国的外国人习惯了早餐喝豆浆。 explain the reasons A them. Many foreigners in China are used to having A.until B.between C.With D.as soybean milk for breakfast. E.By F.under G.like 3.兴趣是最好的老师，所以学生最好根据自已的 爱好选择课外活动 7.A computer's memory is the same D human's Interest is the best teacher so students had better in some ways.But it's also very different. 8.C all my pocket money,I bought a birthday choose after-school activities according to their hobbies. present for my mother. 4.据报道，每年都有许多海洋动物因误食塑料垃 9.My friend Amy loves light colors,G baby blue and light green while I prefer dark ones 圾而死亡。 10.The sun is shining directly into our car.Why not It's reported that many sea animals die from eating park it F the big tree? plastic waste by mistake every year. 5.尽管这是一项艰巨的任务，海伦还是设法按时 11.Keep trying A the last moment of the 完成了。 competition,boys and girls! 12.The Silk Road is the symbol of communication and Although it was a difficult task,Helen managed to cooperation(合作)B_the East and the West. finish it on time. 请完成《情境作业本》(P54)中的练习题 102